csp-seawater desalination for reclaimed land …
TRANSCRIPT
W.G. Booth School of Engineering Practice, GMC Centre for Engineering Design, McMaster University
CSP-SEAWATER DESALINATION FOR RECLAIMED LAND IRRIGATION IN EGYPT
Student: A. Abdel Fattah Sponsor: International Finance Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group Supervisor: V. Mahalec
Project Goal: Develop an evaluation tool for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Seawater desalination system for irrigation
Engineering Basis: • Specific Thermal/Electrical Energy
need for Desalination (kWh/m3) • DNI monthly distribution (kWh/m2) • CSP Thermal/Electrical efficiencies • Relation between DNI-Desalination-
Irrigation water production • Deficit and Surplus months • Surplus reservoir
Next Steps: • An optimum solution lies in the
improvement of all sections (Solar, Desalination and Irrigation efficiency)
• Pilot projects must be built, while this model serves as a guideline for farm owners, the IFC and future projects
M. Eng Design-Product Design 16/09/2010
Requirements: • Agriculture: Irrigation water requirements • Seawater Desalination: Suitable
technology to meet irrigation targets • CSP: Suitable technology to meet
desalination energy needs • Cost of CSP and desalination technologies,
and farm revenue/cost estimations
CSP
Sea
wat
er
Des
alin
atio
n Agriculture
Solar Field/Power Block
Desalination
Irrigation Requirements
Surplus Reservoir
DNI
(kWh/m2)
Electrical/ Thermal Energy
SUN
SEA
(kWhe/month) (kWhth/month)
Discharge/Intake
(m3/month) Irrigation Water
(m3/month)
Results:
• Linear Fresnel CSP technology (Lowest CAPEX/OPEX, local manufacturing) • Traditional desalination is expensive for agribusiness (RO 1.8 $/m3, MED 2.3 $/m3),
HDH and DDD technologies may present a more feasible solution (1.3 $/m3) • High value low water consuming crops are more favorable for this system
Water Need Profile
CSP technology parameters
Desalination technology parameters
Technical model
Results: • Solar field area • Desalination capacity • Additional information about the solar field, desalination plant and the water profiles • Heat recovery from the PB can be applied • Alternative energy comparisons
0
20000
40000
60000
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
Volu
me
of W
ater
(m^3
) Irrigation Water Required and Output Desal Capacity Vs Months
Irrigation Water Required
Output Capacity
0
20000
40000
60000
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
1 Prim
ary
Ener
gy (k
Wh)
Months
Primary Energy (from thermal field) and Output Desal Capacity Vs Months
Primary Energy Output Capacity
Volu
me
of W
ater
(m^3
)
Economical Parameters (Farm Costs and revenues, Loan, Desalination and CSP)
Economical model
Results: • CAPEX, OPEX, 1st 30 years investment information (Cash flow, Debt, Cumulative profit, Cost of water, etc.) • Comparison between 2 different loan payments (fixed and variable annuity)
(600,000)
(400,000)
(200,000)
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
Year
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
($)
Total O&M, Annuity, Net Profit and Total Farm Costs Vs. Years (Reg. Annuity Payment)
Total O&M
Annuity
Net Profit
Total Farm Costs
Problem Statement: • Egypt’s freshwater deficit was 15.6 Bm3 (23% of demand) in 2000,
and is expected to grow to 67.4 Bm3 (48% of demand) by 2050
• Energy intensive desalination is the only solution to cover the deficit
High Value Crops
Intake/Discharge Environmental Risk Linear Fresnel Land Sharing Irrigation Reservoir
Model