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I am delighted to introduce the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at Penn State, University Park.

Progress in computing and information technology continues to be one of the critical factors driving our well being in the 21st century. It pervades all aspects of our life including the way we live, work, learn, and are entertained. Advances in computing and communications technology will continue to create new infrastructure for business, research, and human interaction. A recent provocative New York Times article claimed that 'All Science is Computer Science.' Under the leadership of President Spanier, computing at Penn State is undergoing a renaissance. It is viewed as a major strategic initiative with significant resources and commitment. The department has outstanding, world class faculty. We conduct research in the traditional core computing areas in addition to solving critical problems confronting the nation and humanity. CSE faculty are involved in research in core computing areas such as bioinformatics, computer vision, databases, embedded and hardware systems, enterprise computing and IT infrastructure manage-ment, intelligent systems, networking and security, numerical analysis and scientific computing, and theoretical computer science.

The core computing research pursued in the department addresses problems in the strategic areas of energy, health, societal and human computing, defense and homeland security, and the environment.

DEPARTMENT HEAD'S MESSAGE

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Department Head's Message Statistics and Rankings Research Areas: Bioinformatics Computer Vision Databases Embedded and Hardware Systems Enterprise Computing and IT Infrastructure Management Human-Computer Interaction Intelligent Systems Networking and Security Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Theoretical Computer Science Professional Service Activities Faculty Honors and Awards Student Honors and Awards Recent Ph.D. Placements Alumni Focus

Table of Contents

A recent provocative New York Times article claimed that "All Science is Computer Science." Under the leadership of President Spanier, computing at Penn State is undergoing a renaissance.

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The department has excellent laboratory facilities and is housed in a brand new, state-of-the-art facility. Penn State has ranked highly in premier programs in engineering, science, and humanities. Many of our faculty are involved in multidisciplinary collaborative research with these faculty. CSE research at Penn State has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years. Computer science research at Penn State was ranked 8th in the nation by the National Science Foundation in the category of total research expenditures (industry, federal, and other resources). In order to address the global realities of a flat world, CSE has initiated an IT Learning Institute. In this setting, students from Penn State, India, and China work as a global team on industry specified projects. Penn State has been a participant in the graduate certificate program in System-on-Chip design that has served as a national and global model in collaborative education with Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh, and The PA Technology Collaborative. In conclusion, these are exciting times, and I feel privileged to be associated with Penn State.

DEPARTMENT HEAD'S MESSAGE

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CSE Statistics

Graduate Faculty Members Technical Fellows National Academy of Engineering Member Teaching Faculty Office Staff Undergraduates M.S. Students Ph.D. Students Computer Engineering ranked 19th in Graduate School Engineering Specialties, U.S. News & World Report, 2007

University and College Rankings

• Penn State ranked 14th for Best National Doctoral Universities, U.S. News & World Report, 2006

• Penn State ranked 18th for Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs U.S. News & World Report, 2006

• Penn State ranked 6th out of the top 30 national universities for "What can colleges do for the country?", Washington Monthly, 2005

• Penn State Park ranked 3rd in total research expenditures in the discipline of engineering, National Science Foundation, 2004

• Penn State University Park ranked 8th in total research expenditures in the discipline of computer science, National Science Foundation, 2004

Collaborative Unit Rankings

• Industrial Engineering ranked 4th in Graduate School Engineering Specialties, U.S. News & World Report, 2007

• Materials Engineering ranked 9th in Graduate School Engineering Specialties, U.S. News & World Report, 2007

• Mechanical Engineering ranked 14th in Graduate School Engineering Specialties, U.S. News & World Report, 2007

• Electrical Engineering ranked 19th in Graduate School Engineering Specialties, U.S. News & World Report, 2007

• The Geography Department ranked Top Geography Department in the U.S., National Research Council, 1995

STATISTICS AND RANKINGS

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CSE is housed in the IST Building

University Park

A view of the CSE Department

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11,510 $638,000,000

Penn State Statistics

Fall 2006 Enrollment (University Park) Fall 2006 Engineering Enrollment (University Park) Degrees Awarded (2005-06—University Park) Total Research Expenditures (2005)

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OVERVIEW Design and construction of algorithms and software systems for analysis of biological sequence data, including genomic DNA sequences, expressed DNA sequences, and protein sequences. Research also includes the theory of algorithms and its applications to biological computing and developing clustering and classification techniques for genomic sequences and computer aided diagnosis (CAD) of neurodegenerative diseases using high resolution structural Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). Recent News

• Professor Acharya organized the First IAPR Workshop on Pattern

Recognition in Bioinformatics held in Hong Kong in August 2006. The proceedings are now available as a book from Springer. He is also the founding chair for the IAPR Technical Committee on Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics.

• Professor Liu chaired the First International Workshop on Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications (CVBIA) in conjunction with ICCV held in Beijing in October 2005. Six internationally renowned leaders in biomedical image analysis were the invited speakers of the meeting, with more than 80 contributed papers and 150 attendees allover the world. A book proceeding from the meeting is co-edited by Professor Liu, T. Jiang, and C. Zhang: CVBIA: Current Techniques and Future Trends (Springer-Verlag LNCS).

• Professor Miller's research on genomics was featured in the prestigious journals Nature and Science.

• Professors Acharya, Miller, and Lesk are on the founding editorial board of the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS Advanced Laboratory for Information Systems and Analysis (ALISA) – Lead Faculty: Professor Acharya ALISA members investigate novel approaches to manage and analyze biomedical informatics data including patient demographics, clinical data, gene expression data generated from DNA microarrays, and integrate these approaches to pharmaceutical research. Computational Biology Laboratory – Lead Faculty: Professors Berman and Makalowski Professor Berman is working on theoretical issues of distributed systems and approximation algorithms. In general, he is interested in the theory of algorithms and its applications to biological computing. Professor Makalowski uses an evolutionary approach to discover and understand unusual features of eukaryotic genomes. A wide range of computational methods is used to answer biological questions. Recent research has included methods to visualize sequence similarly in protein families and exploring the concept that transposable elements are a major evolutionary force serving as a reservoir for motifs used by natural selection. Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics (CCGB) – Co-Director: Professor Miller Professor Miller's lab is part of the CCGB, which brings together collaborators from the computer science and engineering, biochemistry and molecular biology, biology, and statistics departments. The lab works in the general area of computational molecular biology, with particular focus on the development of algorithms and software for comparing genome-long mammalian DNA sequences. Current projects include ancestral genome reconstruction and sequencing of Mammoth DNA.

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Laboratory for Biomedical Image Analysis (LBIA) – Director: Professor Liu The mission of the LBIA is to fully exploit the computational power of state-of-the-art computer vision technology and computer hardware, side-by-side with physicians, in automatic discovery of the most discriminative feature subspaces for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and early detection of neurodegenerative diseases from multimodal, multidimensional clinical data and longitudinal research data including structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and genetic variations and neurobiological markers. We develop advanced machine-learning based computer algorithms for deformable biomedical image registration, segmentation, novel and massive feature extraction, including 3D deformation and tensor fields, and quantified asymmetry measures of human brains. Our present focus of types of neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, autism, and schizophrenia. Currently, Professor Liu is leading an effort on early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), emerging as a concept of a prodromal form of AD, using longitudinal high resolution MR images (a recent report of the AD project can be found at: www.thetartan.org/2006/02/13/scitech/research profiles). Bioinformatics Data Mining Laboratory – Lead Faculty: Professor Li Professor Li's research interests in the area of bioinformatics involve developing clustering and classification techniques for genomic sequences. Laboratory for Protein Structure, Function, and Evolution – Lead Faculty: Arthur M. Lesk Professor Lesk's research interests include the study of protein evolution, conformations of antigen-binding sites of immunoglobulins and related protein, study of mechanisms of conformational change, systematic analysis of protein folding patterns and molecular graphics.

Funding Agencies: National Institute of Health, National Science Foundation, PA Department of Health Faculty Members

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Raj Acharya, Professor and Head Ph.D., Univ. of Minnesota/Mayo Graduate School of Medicine http://www.cse.psu.edu/~acharya Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Research Interests: Bioinformatics, data mining, netcentric computing

Piotr Berman, Associate Professor Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.cse.psu.edu/~berman Research Interests: Computational molecular biology, approximation algorithms, computational complexity

Arthur Lesk, Professor Ph.D., Princeton University http://www.bmb.psu.edu/faculty/lesk/lesk.html Research Interests: Protein evolution, molecular graphics, systematic analysis of protein folding patterns

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Featured Publications • Perutz, M. F., J. T. Finch, J. Berriman, A. M. Lesk. 2002. Amyloid Fibers

are Water-Filled Nanotubes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(1):5591-5595.

• Whisstock, J.C., A. M. Lesk. 2003. Prediction of Protein Function from Protein Sequence and Structure. Quarterly Review of Biophysics 36(1):307-340.

• Whisstock, J. C., A. M. Lesk. 2003. Introduction to Protein Architecture. The Structural Biology of Proteins 36(1):307-340. Oxford University Press.

• Veeramachaneni, V., W. Makalowski. 2004. Visualizing Sequence Similarity of Protein Families. Genome Research 14(6):1160-1169.

• Liu, Y., N. Lazar, W. E. Rothfus, F. Dellaert, A. Moore, J. Schneider, T. Kanade. February 2004. Semantic Based Biomedical Image Indexing and Retrieval. Trends and Advances in Content-Based Image and Video Retrieval. Shapiro, Kriegel, Veltkamp, Editors.

• Ovcharenko, I., G. G. Loots, B. M. Giardine, M. Hou, J. Ma, R. C. Hardison, L. Stubbs, W. Miller. January 2005. Mulan: Multiple-sequence Local Alignment and Visualization for Studying Function and Evolution. Genome Research 15:184-194.

• Kasturi, J., R. Acharya. February 2005. Clustering of Diverse Genomic Data Using Information Fusion. Journal of Bioinformatics 24(4):423-429. (Also published in ACM SAC 2004).

• Carmichael, O., H. Aizenstein, S.W. Davis, J. Becker, P.M. Thompson, C. Meltzer, Y. Liu. June 2005. Atlas-Based Hippocampus Segmentation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. NeuroImage 27(1):979-990.

• Berman, P., B. DasGupta, M-Y. Kao. August 2005. Tight Approximability Results for Test Set Problems in Bioinformatics. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences 71(2):145-162.

• Liu, Y., T. Jiang (Editors). October 2005. Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications: Current Techniques and Future Trends. ISSN 0302-9743, ISBN: 3-540-29411-2. 563 pages, softcover. Springer.

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Webb Miller, Professor Ph.D., University of Washington http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/ Co-author of BLAST, most-cited paper of decade, according to Institute of Scientific Information Research Interests: Algorithms and software for molecular biology

Wojciech Makalowski, Associate Professor Ph.D., A. Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland http://warta.bio.psu.edu Research Interests: Algorithms and software for evolutionary biology and genomics

Jia Li, Associate Professor Ph.D., Stanford University http://www.stat.psu.edu/~jiali/ Research Interests: Statistical learning, data mining, bioinformatics

Yanxi Liu, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Massachusetts http://www.cse.psu.edu/~yanxi First Place in the clinical science category, Best Paper overall, Combined Annual Conference of the Robert H. Ivy and Ohio Valley Societies of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, 2002 Research Interests: Biomedical image analysis, computational symmetry, computer vision

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• Poinar, H. N., C. Schwarz, J. Qi, B. Shapiro, R. D. E. MacPhee, B. Buigues, A. Tikhonov, D. H. Huson, L. P. Tomsho, A. Auch, M. Rampp, W. Miller, S. C. Schuster. January 2006. Metagenomics to Paleogenomics: Large-Scale Sequencing of Mammoth DNA. Science Magazine 311:392-394.

• Chastain, E., Y. Liu. 2006. Quantified Symmetry for Entorhinal Spatial Maps. To appear in Neurocomputing Journal, Special Issue.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Going Online to Fight Cancer A new website (http://server.cse.psu.edu:7777/biogeowarehouse/) offers a prototype for online access to an analytical toolbox that enables biomedical researchers to integrate dissimilar data from a variety of sources and extract the most useful information from it by posing queries. Professor Acharya, project leader, says, "Right now the prototype focuses on prostate cancer data, but our online toolbox could be used for dissimilar data sets for any disease." For example, using the prostate cancer data sets, researchers can pose questions such as the following: 'What percentage of the patients recorded have a family history of prostate cancer?' or 'How many patients have been categorized with different pathological T stages?' or 'Give me the average expression vector for patients with Gleason sum scores of 4.' To come up with answers, the toolbox applies information fusion techniques to integrate multiple dissimilar data sets so that all of the relevant data can be used simultaneously in advanced analysis. Information fusion is new to the biological sciences as well as some of the other tools in the online toolbox. An example of the software available in the toolbox includes algorithms to combine microarray gene information with gene sequence information.

The project was done in collaboration with Dr. John Gilbertson, M.D., assistant professor of cellular and molecular pathology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The online toolbox uses data fusion techniques originally developed by the military to fuse laser radar, heat sensor, and TV images as well as other information. The fusion software puts the data together in a way that makes it possible to consider everything relevant to a particular question. Current biomedical research requires analyses of patient demographics, clinical and pathology data, treatment history, and patient outcomes as well as gene expression, sequence, and gene ontologies. The extent of knowledge that can be extracted from any of the individual data sets is limited. However, using the online toolbox, researchers can perform analyses in an integrated manner that could lead to better disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and drug discovery. The toolbox performs information fusion using multidimensional analysis and clustering techniques. For example, to answer the query, 'Give me the average expression vector for patients with Gleason sum scores of 4,' the software classifies the data sets into categories from which the user chooses the facts and dimensions. Based on this selection, the system presents the user with an initial view of the information subset. The user is then allowed to explore this subset and further focus on the knowledge of interest by using the summarize and detail operations. The toolbox was developed for the Pennsylvania Cancer Alliance Bioinformatics Consortium, a collaboration including the Penn State Cancer Institute at Penn State Hershey Medical Center, the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, the Wistar Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, and the Thomas Jefferson University Kimmel Cancer Center. The consortium and the website project are supported by the grants funded by Pennsylvania's share of the national tobacco settlement fund.

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OVERVIEW Aristotle defined vision as the act of knowing what is where by looking. Likewise, the goal of computer vision is to help computers see and interact with the world. Computer vision systems bring together imaging devices, computers, mathematical formalisms and algorithms for solving applied problems in areas such as industrial inspection, medicine, document analysis, autonomous navigation, and remote sensing. Researchers at Penn State span the gamut of vision research, ranging from development of high-level mathematical models for pattern perception to implementation of fast low-level algorithms for real-time video analysis. Particular strengths of the program include medical image analysis, human-computer interaction, video surveillance, texture/pattern analysis, and retrieval from large visual databases. Recent News

• Professor Collins named as co-inventor on two U.S. patents: #7,102,666

titled "System and Method for Stabilizing Rotational Images," awarded September 2006 and #7,027,083 titled "System and method for servoing on a moving fixation point within a dynamic scene," awarded April 2006; both for work on the EyeVision System.

• Professor Liu chaired the First International Workshop on Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications (CVBIA) in conjunction with the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV 2005) held in Beijing, China, in October 2005. It is now available as a book from Springer.

• Professor Higgins serves as the organizer for special sessions on virtual endoscopy at SPIE Medical Imaging. Higgins is the associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, and Pattern Recognition.

• Professor Li's research on art images has led to collaboration with the Van Gogh Museum on painting authentication. Li had two papers published that were among the top list of most cited papers in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) published in the same time period.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS The Laboratory for Perception, Action and Cognition (LPAC) – Co-Directors: Professors Collins and Liu LPAC covers a wide range of research topics, including low-level motion perception, real-time control of active sensors, design of multi-sensor surveillance networks, analysis of human body motion, recognition of activities and events, and mathematical modeling of machine and human texture perception for image understanding and manipulation, dynamic near-regular texture tracking, and texture-based localization. Current application areas include moving object detection and tracking from unmanned air vehicles, recognition of human identity and action within smart spaces, real-time stereo-motion analysis for autonomous navigation, quantified 3D/4D facial asymmetry for gender/expression classification, computer aided diagnosis, large biomedical image database indexing and retrieval, and analysis and synthesis of active crowds or near-regular textures on deformable media such as cloth or through transparent fluids. Video Mining – Investigator: Professor Sharma The research focus in this area is on the use of computer vision for human classification, behavior analysis, and multimodal human-computer interaction. Emphasis is on techniques that can be applied for real-time analysis and interaction in commercial or educational settings.

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Multidimensional Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL) – Lead Faculty: Professor Higgins This lab spans many areas in the general field of imaging science: digital image processing, computer vision, scientific visualization, and virtual reality. The group is particularly driven by problems in high-resolution 3D medical image processing, with a current focus on virtual endoscopy, image-guided endoscopy, and 3D Micro-CT analysis. Fifty students have received degrees within the lab. The lab maintains active collaborations with the Penn State Hershey Medical Center and the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). Mathematical Models of Pattern Perception – Investigators: Professors Liu and Li Much of the visual complexity of the real-world is due to texture. Researchers at Penn State are developing models to analyze and synthesize textures ranging from stochastic to regular, using powerful mathematical tools from group theory and statistics. Applications include image segmentation, classification, compression, texture synthesis, and graphical pattern replacement. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, National Institute of Health, Department of Defense Faculty Members

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Dennis Dunn, Associate Professor and Director of Academic Affairs Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~dunn Research Interests: Medical imaging, image processing, human-vision modeling

Robert Collins, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Massachusetts http://www.cse.psu.edu/~rcollins IEEE OTCBVS'05 Best Paper Award, 2005 Research Interests: Computer vision, with current emphasis on video scene understanding, tracking, and automated surveillance

William Higgins, Professor Ph.D., University of Illinois http://www.ee.psu.edu/faculty/higgins/higgins1.html Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Research Interests: Image processing, computer vision, scientific visualization, virtual endoscopy

Jia Li For more information, see page 7.

Yanxi Liu For more information, see page 7.

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Featured Publications

• Liu, Y., K. Schmidt, J. Cohn, S. Mitra. July 2003. Facial Asymmetry Quantification for Expression Invariant Human Identification. Computer Vision and Image Understanding Journal 91(1/2):138-159.

• Li, J., J. Z. Wang. March 2004. Studying Digital Imagery of Ancient Paintings by Mixtures of Stochastic Models. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 13(3):340-353.

• Liu, Y., R. Collins, Y. Tsin. March 2004. A Computational Model for Periodic Pattern Perception Based on Frieze and Wallpaper Groups. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 26(3):354-371.

• Krahnstoever, N., R. Sharma. June 2004. Articulated Models from Video. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'04). pp. 894-901. Washington, D.C.

• Kiraly, A. P., J. P. Helferty, E. A. Hoffman, G. McLennan, W. E. Higgins. November 2004. Three-dimensional Path Planning for Virtual Bronchoscopy. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Special Issue on Virtual Endoscopy 23(11):1365-1379. (Invited)

• MacEachren, A. M., G. Cai, R. Sharma, I. Rauschert, I. Brewer, L. Bolelli, B. Shaparenko, S. Fuhrmann, H. Wang. March 2005. Enabling Collaborative Geoinformation Access and Decision-making Through a Natural, Multimodal Interface. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 19(3):293-317.

• Chen, Y., J. Z. Wang, R. Krovetz. August 2005. CLUE: Cluster-based Retrieval of Images by Unsupervised Learning. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 14(8):1187-1201.

• Collins, R.T., Y. Liu, M. Leordeanu. October 2005. On-Line Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27(10):1631-1643.

• Snow, D. R., M. Gahegan, C. Lee. Giles, K. G. Hirth, G. R. Milner, P. Mitra, J. Z. Wang. February 2006. Cybertools and Archaeology. Science 311(5763):958-959.

• Lin, W., Y. Liu. May 2006. Tracking Dynamic Near-regular Textures under Occlusions and Rapid Movements. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). 2:44-55. Graz, Austria.

• Hays, J., M. Leordeanu, A. Efros, Y. Liu. May 2006. Discovering Texture Regularity as a Higher-order Correspondence Problem. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). Graz, Austria.

• Zhang, J., J. Luo, R. Collins, Y. Liu. June 2006. Body Localization in Still Images Using Hierarchical Models and Hybrid Search. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2006). pp. 1536-1543. New York, NY.

James Wang, Associate Professor Ph.D., Stanford University http://wang.ist.psu.edu/docs/home.shtml Endowed PNC Technologies Career Development Professorship, 2000 NSF CAREER Award, 2004 Research Interests: Visual database search and retrieval, biomedical informatics, multimedia

Rajeev Sharma, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Maryland http://www.cse.psu.edu/~rsharma NSF CAREER Award Winner, 1998 Discovery Magazine Best Technical Innovation Award Semi-Finalist, 1999 Founder, VideoMining Corp., 2000 Research Interests: Computer vision, advanced human-computer interfaces, physical security

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• Rai, L., S. Merritt, W. E. Higgins. June 2006. Real-time Image-Based Guidance Method for Lung-Cancer Assessment. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2006). pp. 2437-2444. New York, NY.

• Helferty, J. P., A. J. Sherbondy, A. P. Kiraly, W. E. Higgins. 2006. System for Live Virtual-Endoscopic Guidance of Bronchoscopy. To appear in Computer Vision and Image Understanding.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

The EyeVision System Technical system demos are often stressful, but what if the first time you demonstrated your system was in front of a TV audience of 130 million people? The EyeVision system, co-developed by Professor Robert Collins in collaboration with a team from Carnegie Mellon University led by Takeo Kanade, and sponsors from CBS Sports, was unveiled to the public on January 28, 2001, during Superbowl XXXV. The EyeVision system was developed to enable a single camera operator to capture multiview video of a dynamic sporting event in real-time. The guiding principle is to point a number of frame-synchronized cameras at the same 3D point in the scene and record the action that takes place. Selecting the same frame in time from each camera and playing those frames back as a new video sequence yields the appearance that time has been frozen while a camera circles the scene. This special effect was pioneered in commercials and Hollywood movies such as the Matrix, where it is called the "bullet time" effect. However, in those staged situations, the point where all cameras are looking is known in advance, and the cameras are static. In a sporting

event like a football game, action occurs over a large area and the place where you want all cameras to fixate cannot be known in advance. The goal of the Eyevision team was to design a robotic system of rotating and zooming cameras to capture the bullet time effect at arbitrary points with the field of play. Under the hood, the EyeVision system is composed of a set of robotic cameras arranged around a stadium, connected to computers that control their pointing angles, zoom, and focus. A cameraman can manually control any of these cameras to point at events of interest as they unfold. A master camera control computer reads the pointing angle of the master camera in real-time, and computes a geometric line representing the camera's principle viewing ray at each frame. This ray is intersected with a geometric model representing a virtual surface located four feet (roughly torso height) above the actual surface of the field. This intersection yields the desired 3D fixation point in the scene. Pointing angles and lens zoom/focus parameters are then computed to direct

all of the other cameras in the system to automatically point at the fixation point. As the cameraman moves the master camera in real-time, all other cameras are controlled to continuously servo on the moving fixation point. When an interesting event occurs, a video operator can access all recorded video frames and generate a new video, for example, to create a circling stop-motion effect. It is important that video from all cameras be synchronized so that frames from all cameras are taken simultaneously, thus heightening the apparent stop-motion effect.

The Eyevision system allows a single master camera to control several cameras around a stadium to simultaneously fixate on moving players within a dynamic scene

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One of the key criteria for system success was accurate camera pointing, and therefore a major concern was high precision calibration of the pose of each camera with respect to the field. The playing field was initially modeled as a planar surface, but the design team quickly had to revise this assumption in light of the fact that outdoor playing fields have a raised crest running down the center to promote water runoff. The team therefore switched to a fully 3D triangulated surface model, derived by surveying points on the field with a theodolite. The position and orientation of each camera was also determined with regard to a set of 3D surveyed scene points. One initially unexpected calibration issue that had to be taken into account by the design team was that the physical structure of a football stadium flexes when fully loaded with tens of thousands of fans. This structural deformation slightly changes the location and orientation of cameras mounted on the stadium, in a way that is hard to predict in advance. Therefore, regardless of how much careful calibration work has been done in advance of the game, this calibration must be quickly adjusted between the time that the majority of the fans become seated and the start of play. A rapid recalibration procedure was developed to fine-tune the pose calibration of each camera by sighting the four corners of the field just before game time. A working proto-type of the EyeVision system was demonstrated during the live broadcast of Superbowl XXXV in Tampa, FL. Thirty camera

heads were mounted on the upper deck of Raymond James Stadium, at roughly seven degree intervals to form a U-shape around one corner of the field. The cameras used were Sony three-CCD color NTSC cameras (today, digital HDTV cameras would be chosen to use). Zoom control was provide by Canon motorized zoom lenses having 18X optical zoom and 1.5X lens extenders attached, yielding an approximately two-degree field of view at high zoom. The pan/tilt heads chosen were developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and are actually the first two joints of one of their commercial industrial robot arms.

EyeVision special effects were shown for several plays during the game and during Aerosmith's halftime show. The most dramatic usage was during a replay challenge to a Jamal Lewis touchdown in the fourth quarter. The head referee asked to see EyeVision footage in addition to other camera angles that

he was reviewing. The ability of the EyeVision system to provide video from numerous angles surrounding a play proved instrumental in showing that the ball broke the plane of the end zone before touching the ground, and the touchdown was upheld. The success of the EyeVision demonstration has sparked subsequent computer vision and graphics research at CMU and Penn State. Among the topics being studied is the development of more intelligent computer vision tracking algorithms for keeping a tightly zoomed in camera automatically locked on a player moving through a cluttered scene, graphics methods for interpolating sparse camera views to

Left–One of thirty EyeVision cameras mounted on Raymond James Stadium for use during Superbowl XXXV. Right–Video editing workstation where frames from each camera are composited to make a "bullet-time" stop-motion video sequence.

Sample frames from one stop-motion sequence generated during the game. This sequence was instrumental in demonstrating that Jamal Lewis indeed achieved a touchdown on this play. Images courtesy of the NFL and CBS Sports.

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generate synthetic intermediate views that yield a smoother apparent camera trajectory, and image processing methods for post processing images to synthetically rotate the apparent camera pointing angle and thus change the apparent fixation point to be on a different player or object within the field of view. VideoMining Corporation VideoMining Corporation is a fast paced technology company that was spun out from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Penn State in 2000. Its unique technologies for "video mining" have been fueling a high-growth business in the retail sector. The company is focused on providing retailers and consumer packaged goods (CPG) manufacturers with valuable insights on customer behavior. The actionable intelligence gathered using the company's video analysis software is very critical for measuring the impact of store layout changes, optimizing merchandise mix, improving customer service, and evaluating the effectiveness of in-store signage–all aimed to improve overall store productivity. For example, VideoMining analyzed traffic counts, shopping patterns, and interactions of pharmacy versus non-pharmacy customers for a national drug store chain. This analysis provided the retailer with a clear understanding of key differences in shopping behaviors between the two shopper segments. It further provided a basis for evaluating the effectiveness of store layout in addressing shopper needs.

The company has a growing base of Fortune 100 retail customers and CPG manufacturers in the U.S. In addition, VideoMining is extending its reach to retailers internationally through strategic partners. Several projects are underway through these partnerships in countries like Canada, Japan, and the U.K., to name a few. In addition to its commercial activities in the retail industry, the company has won several highly competitive government grants and contracts, such as those from the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense to create an active R&D division.

Line drawing illustrating the concept of VideoMining (automated tracking)

A visualization of traffic on store floor plan

A plot of service times measured

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OVERVIEW Researchers in the databases area focus on data management issues in pervasive computing environments, digital libraries, data integration and interoperation, citation analysis, and large scale image databases. The research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, Department of Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Defense. Research results have applicability to diverse areas such as biomedicine, art and cultural imaging, computer security, in-situ sensing, telecommunications, information sharing and dissemination, information filtering, and online information retrieval. Recent News • Professor W.-C. Lee is serving as the program chair of the Second

International Conference on Scalable Information Systems (INFOSCAE'07) to be held in Suzhou, China, in June 2007. Lee had two U.S. Patents granted in 2006. He served as the program co-chair of the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Information Management (P2PIM'06) held in Hong Kong in May 2006. Lee's undergraduate honor student, Josh Schiffman, won the 2006 ACM SIGMOD Undergraduate Scholarship.

• Professor D. Lee served as co-chair of the First International Very Large Data Base Workshop on Clean Databases (CleanDB) at the Thirty-Second International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB) held in Seoul, Korea, in September 2006.

• Professor Wang's undergraduate student, Aaron Coble, won a Gates Cambridge Scholarship to study for a Ph.D. degree at Cambridge University.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS Pervasive Data Access Research Group (PDA) – Lead Faculty: Professor W.-C. Lee The PDA group performs cross-area research in database systems, pervasive/mobile computing, and networking. The group is particularly interested in developing data management techniques (including mining, accessing, indexing, caching, aggregation, dissemination, and query processing) for supporting complex queries and knowledge discovery in a wide spectrum of networking and mobile environments such as peer-to-peer networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, and wireless broadcast systems. Many leading-edge techniques developed by this group are applicable to location based services, in-situ sensing, telecommunications, information sharing and dissemination, information filtering, and information retrieval. Data Integration and Interoperation – Investigator: Professor Mitra Professor Mitra's research interests are in database systems, database security, digital libraries, and the semantic web. More specifically, his laboratory pursues research in data integration and interoperation. They have designed algorithms for information extraction, and explored how such data can be integrated with semantically heterogeneous data and information from diverse sources. Large Scale Image Databases – Lead Faculty: Professor Wang The research group of Professor Wang aims at developing advanced methods and systems for managing very large scale image databases. Specifically, they have been developing similarity matching, classification, clustering, linguistic indexing, and retrieval interfaces for image databases. Machine learning, statistical modeling techniques, and mathematical transforms are used. The group has applied their work to biomedicine, art and cultural imaging, computer security, information filtering, and online information retrieval.

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The Penn State Information, Knowledge, and wEb Research Group (Pike) – Lead Faculty: Professor Dongwon Lee This group studies various research issues including: conventional database research agenda, XML data model and schema/query languages, Web search, Web services and semantic Web, metadata, information retrieval, digital library, citation analysis, as well as bibliometrics. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, Hong Kong Research, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Defense Faculty Members

Featured Publications • Li, J., J. Z. Wang. 2004. Studying Digital Imagery of Ancient Paintings by

Mixtures of Stochastic Models. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 13(3):340-353.

• Chen, Y., J. Z. Wang, R. Krovetz. 2005. CLUE: Cluster-based Retrieval of Images by Unsupervised Learning. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 14(8):1187-1201.

DATABASES

Dongwon Lee, Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of CA at Los Angeles http://nike.psu.edu/dongwon/pro/ IBM Eclipse Innovation Award, 2004 Microsoft Scientific Data intensive Computing Award, 2005 Research Interests: Databases, World-Wide Web, semantic Web services

Ali Hurson, Professor Ph.D., University of Central Florida http://www.cse.psu.edu/~hurson Research Interests: Parallel and distributed systems, databases, information processing, mobile and pervasive computing

Wang-Chien Lee, Associate Professor Ph.D., Ohio State University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~wlee

Verizon Laboratories Excellence Award, 2000 Research Interests: Database systems, pervasive and mobile computing, peer-to-peer networks, wireless sensor networks

James Wang For more information, see page 11.

Prasenjit Mitra, Assistant Professor Ph.D., Stanford University http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/p/u/pum10/ Research Interests: Database systems, database theory, database security

17 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

• Lee, D., W. Mao, H. Chiu, W. W. Chu. January 2005. Designing Triggers with Trigger-By-Example. Knowledge and Information Systems 7(1):110-134.

• Lee, W.-C., B. Zheng. June 2005. DSI: A Fully Distributed Spatial Index for Wireless Data Broadcast. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2005). pp. 349-358. Columbus, OH.

• Debnath, S., P. Mitra, N. Pal, C. Lee Giles. September 2005. Automatic Identification of Informative Sections of Webpages. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 17(9):1233-1246.

• Mitra, P., N. N. Noy, A. R. Jaiswal. November 2005. OMEN: A Probabilistic Ontology Mapping Tool. Proceedings of the Fourth International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC). Springer-Verlag LNCS 3729(1):537-547. Galway, Ireland.

• B. Zheng, J. Xu, W.-C. Lee, D.L. Lee. January 2006. Grid-Partition Index: A Hybrid Method for Nearest-Neighbor Queries in Wireless Location-Based Services. Very Large Data Base Journal (VLDBJ) 15(1):21-39.

• Snow, D. R., M. Gahegan, C. Lee. Giles, K. G. Hirth, G. R. Milner, P. Mitra, J. Z. Wang. February 2006. Cybertools and Archaeology. Science 311(5763):958-959.

• Xu, Y., W.-C. Lee. March 2006. Exploring Spatial Correlation for Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'06). pp. 200-211. Pisa, Italy.

• Mitra, M., C.-C. Pan, P. Liu, V. Atluri. March 2006. Privacy-preserving Semantic Interoperation and Access Control of Heterogeneous Databases. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Information, Communication, and Computer Security (ASIA-CCS). pp. 66-77. Taiwan.

• Xu, Y., W.-C. Lee. March 2006. Exploring Spatial Correlation for Link Quality Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'06). pp. 200-211. Pisa, Italy.

• Lee, C.K., W.-C. Lee, B. Zheng, J. Xu. March 2006. Caching Complementary Space for Location-Based Services. Proceedings of the

International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT'06). pp. 1020-1038. Munich, Germany. • Lee, C.K., W.-C. Lee, H.V. Leung. April 2006. Nearest Surrounder Search.

Proceedings of the Twenty-Second IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06). p. 85. Atlanta, GA.

• Xu, Y., W.-C. Lee, J. Xu, G. Mitchell. April 2006. Processing Window Queries in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE'06). p. 70. Atlanta, GA.

• Gao, X., J. Sustersic, A. R. Hurson. May 2006. Window Query Processing with Adaptive Proxy Cache. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM 2006). p. 39. Nara, Japan.

• Datta, R., D. Joshi, J. Li, J. Z. Wang. May 2006. Studying Aesthetics in Photographic Images using a Computational Approach. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. Graz, Austria.

• Jiao, Y., A. R. Hurson. August 2006. MAMDAS—A Mobile Agent-Based Secure Mobile Data Access System Framework. Advanced Topics in Database Research 5(1):320-347.

• Li, M. W.-C. Lee, A. Sivasubramaniam. November 2006. DPTree: A Balanced Tree Based Indexing Framework For Peer-To-Peer Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'06). Santa Barbara, CA.

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Researchers Develop New Algorithm to Help Cell Phone Users Featured in Google News Penn State researchers have developed a new algorithm that enables cell phone users to fetch data from music to TV shows as quickly as feasible with minimal channel switches in the presence of repeated broadcasts. With the computing technique, mobile devices can pick up data that may have been "missed" when first broadcast, thereby alleviating the wait for subsequent broadcast cycles. Because it minimizes channel switching, the new algorithm also reduces power use, thereby extending battery life. "Currently, mobile devices retrieve broadcast data similar to how TV viewers watch TV shows simultaneously broadcast, by switching channels," said Prasenjit Mitra, assistant professor in the College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST). "But with our algorithm, cell phone users don't have to wait for future broadcast cycles to retrieve the data as the mobile device can pick up objects broadcast across parallel air channels." The technique is described in a paper, "Efficient Object Retrieval from Parallel Air Channels in the Presence of Replicated Objects," that appeared in Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Mobile Data Management, held in Japan in May 2006. The other authors are Padmapriya Ayyagari, an IST graduate student, and Ali Hurson, a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering.

According to the researchers, data dissemination for mobile devices now occurs through one of two techniques: unicast, which is common when data is sent to a single person, and broadcast, when data is sent to multiple people over parallel air channels. Broadcast is more common when the same content such as emergency alerts, weather information, or television shows reaches multiple people. But the algorithm currently used can't take advantage of data that is broadcast repeatedly on different channels. Instead the data has to be broadcast in cycles. This is both time and power consuming. "If you can retrieve all the data you want in fewer broadcast cycles, then the user saves on time and battery power," Mitra said. "The power-consumption reduction is achieved because the technique fetches all the objects requested by a client while minimizing the number of channel switches required." As part of their study, the researchers developed and compared the performance of the four kinds of algorithms-greedy, random, branch-and-bound and select first-that could be used to improve object retrieval and reduce power consumption. Of these, the researchers' greedy algorithms created an efficient and quick solution to object retrieval that also decreased battery drain.

The researchers are continuing to explore algorithms for mobile data retrieval and anticipate developing additional ones that will even further reduce power consumption and time, Mitra said.

DATABASES

19 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OVERVIEW

The expertise of the faculty in embedded and hardware systems includes low power and thermal-aware design techniques, co-synthesis and code compression for embedded systems, robust circuit and system design related to soft errors and process variation, 3D integrated circuit and microarchitecture design, parallel and distributed systems, the use of field programmable gate array's (FPGAs) for a variety of applications including real-time event-driven simulation and real-time image recognition, migration problems from the redesign of legacy hardware and software, and analog-digital mixed-signal design (e.g., data converters, frequency synthesizers, and clock recovery systems). Recent News

• Professor Coraor received the 2005 PSES Distinguished Service Award. • Professor Das leads team for large NSF Infrastructure Award. • Professor Irwin named Evan Pugh Professor in 2006, "the highest

distinction Penn State can bestow upon a faculty member." Irwin joins the Microsoft External Research and Programs Advisory Board in 2006.

• Professors Kandemir and Irwin and graduate students Ozturk and Tosun received the ICPADS 2006 Best Paper Award for the paper titled, "Multi-Level On-Chip Memory Hierarchy Design for Embedded Chip Multiprocessors."

• Graduate student K. Narayanan won the Best Presentation Award for the paper, "Secure Execution of Computations on Untrusted Hosts," given at Ada-Europe held in Portugal in June 2006.

• Professor Narayanan received the 2006 PSES Outstanding Research Award.

• Professor Sivasubramaniam won IBM Faculty Awards for two consecutive years.

• Professor Xie will present a tutorial on 3D chips at MICRO-39 held in Orlando, FL, in December 2006.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

High Performance Computing Lab (HPCL) – Lead Faculty: Professor Das The faculty and students involved in this lab conduct research in many areas that include parallel and distributed systems, cluster-based servers, system area networks (SANs), on-chip interconnects, scheduling, Internet QoS, mobile computing, performance evaluation and fault-tolerant computing. The Microsystems Design Lab (MDL) – Lead Faculty: Professors Irwin and Narayanan MDL research efforts range from the design of thermal and power aware circuits, systems and software, to reliable systems design, to the integration of emerging nanotechnologies in computing systems. The Embedded and Mobile Computing design Center (EMC^2) – Co-Directors: Professors Irwin and Sivasubramaniam EMC^2 brings together researchers and practitioners of embedded and mobile systems from several disciplines ranging from those who build the underlying platforms to those who use them in the field. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Semiconductor Research Corporation, The PA Technology Collaborative, Industry collaboration with and support from Intel, IBM, Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation, and Xilinx

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Faculty Members

EMBEDDED AND HARDWARE SYSTEMS

Lee Coraor, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Iowa http://www.cse.psu.edu/~coraor PSES Distinguished Service Award, 2005 Research Interests: Computer architecture, digital systems, microprocessor systems

Chita R. Das, Professor Ph.D., University of Louisiana http://www.cse.psu.edu/~das Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Best Paper Candidate, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), 2004 Research interests: Computer architecture, network-on-chip (NoC) architectures, parallel and distributed computing

Ali Hurson For more information, see page 16.

Kyusun Choi, Assistant Professor Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~kyusun PSES Outstanding Teaching Award, 2001 Research Interests: Mixed-signal VLSI circuit design, RF ASICs, and DSP architectures for RF, embedded microcomputers

Mary Jane Irwin, Evan Pugh Professor, A. Robert Noll Chair of Engineering Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign http://www.cse.psu.edu/~mji Member, National Academy of Engineering Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery ACM Distinguished Service Award, 2005 CRA Distinguished Service Award, 2006 Research Interests: Computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power aware design

Mahmut Kandemir, Associate Professor Ph.D., Syracuse University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~kandemir NSF CAREER Award, 2001 PSES Outstanding Research Award, 2004 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) Best Paper Award, 2006 Research Interests: Embedded systems, optimizing compilers, power-aware computing

Thomas F. La Porta For more information, see page 38.

21 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Featured Publications

• Tangel, A., K. Choi. February 2004. The CMOS Inverter as a Comparator in ADC Designs. Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 39(2):147-155.

• Kim, E-J. G. Link, K. H. Yum, N. Vijaykrishnan, M. Kandemir, M. J. Irwin, C. R. Das. June 2005. A Holistic Approach to Designing Energy-Efficient Cluster Interconnects. IEEE Transactions on Computers 54(6):660-671.

• Hu, J., M. Kandemir, N. Vijaykrishnan, M. J. Irwin. November 2005. Analyzing Data Reuse for Cache Reconfiguration. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 4(4):851-876.

• Vijaykrishnan, N., Y. Xie. January 2006. Reliability Concerns in Embedded System Designs. IEEE Computer Magazine 39(1):118-120.

• Xie, Y., G. Loh, B. Black, K. Bernstein. April 2006. Design Space Exploration for 3D Architectures. ACM Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 2(2):65-103.

• Hurson, A. R., A. M. Munoz-Avila, N. Orchowski, B. Shirazi, Y. Jiao. February 2006. Power-Aware Data Retrieval Protocols for Indexed Broadcast Parallel Channels. Journal of Pervasive and Mobile Computing 2(1):85-107.

• Xie, Y., W. Wolf, H. Lekatsas. May 2006. Code Compression for VLIW Processors Using Variable-to-fixed Coding. IEEE Transactions on VLSI 14(5):525-536.

• Gandhi, T., M-T. Yang, R. Kasturi, O. Camps, L. Coraor, J. McCandless. May 2006. Performance Characterization of the Dynamic Programming Obstacle Detection Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 15(5):1202-1214.

• Mutyam, M., F. Li, N. Vijaykrishnan, M. Kandemir, M.J. Irwin. June 2006. Compiler-Directed Thermal Management for VLIW Functional Units. Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES'06). pp. 163-172. Ottawa, Canada.

• Li, F., C. Nicopoulos, T. Richardson, Y. Xie, N. Vijaykrishnan, M. Kandemir. June 2006. Design and Management of 3D Chip Multiprocessors using Network-in-memory. Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA'06). pp.130-141. Boston, MA.

• Srinivasan, S., P. Mangalagiri, K. Sarpatwari, Y. Xie, N. Vijaykrishnan. July 2006. FLAW: FPGA Lifetime Awareness. Proceedings of the Forty-Third Design Automation Conference (DAC'06). pp. 630-635. San Francisco, CA.

Vijaykrishnan Narayanan, Associate Professor, Graduate Officer Ph.D., University of South Florida http://www.cse.psu.edu/~vijay NSF CAREER Award, 2001 IEEE/CAS TVLSI Best Paper Award, 2002 PSES Outstanding Research Award, 2006 Research Interests: Computer architecture, energy-aware and reliable systems, embedded Java

Anand Sivasubramaniam For more information, see page 23.

Yuan Xie, Assistant Professor Ph.D., Princeton University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~yuanxie Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Inventor Recognition Award, 2002 Research Interests: Computer architecture, VLSI design, embedded systems design

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PENN STATE 22

• Ozturk, O., M. Kandemir, M. J. Irwin, S. Tosun. July 2006. Multi-level On-chip Memory Hierarchy Design for Embedded Chip Multiprocessors. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS'06). pp. 383-390. Minneapolis, MN. (Best Paper Award)

• Hung, W-L., X. Wu, Y. Xie. November 2006. Guaranteeing Performance Yield in High-Level Synthesis. Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD'06). San Jose, CA.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Is Atmospheric Radiation Harmful for Computers? A team of MDL researchers that includes Professors Narayanan, Irwin, and Xie are collaborating with Professor Unlu at the Breazeale Nuclear Reactor in understanding the effect of atmospheric radiation in inducing computational errors in next generation computer chips. Microprocessor chips are becoming increasing susceptible to transient circuit errors caused by excess charge carriers induced primarily by external radiation. Radiation directly or indirectly induces localized ionization that can flip the internal values of the memory cells or result in transient glitches in computa-tional logic that can propagate to pipeline latches.

The research team has set up an accelerated test facility at the Penn State Breazeale Nuclear Reactor that increases the radiation levels compared to atmospheric radiation to provide insight to radiation-induced problems that might happen in the field over a period of many years in a matter of few minutes of accelerated testing. The research team is performing tests on memory chips, FPGAs, and embedded microprocessors and has observed the correlation between aggressive power optimization techniques and increased radiation-induced error rates. The team is also building a Soft Error Analysis Toolset, SEAT, in a project funded by the National Science Foundation, to help analyze the susceptibility of designs to soft errors even before fabrication of the chip. Some modules of SEAT are already available for download at: www.cse.psu.edu/~mdl/SE/.

Left - Simplified layout of the test board, beam tube, and the reactor. Right - Test chip placed in front of the beam tube with the polyethylene/lead shield.

1

2 3 1. Neuron Beam Port 2. Test Board 3. Polyethylene/Lead Shield

with Opening

EMBEDDED AND HARDWARE SYSTEMS

23 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

OVERVIEW

Information Technology (IT) infrastructures - computational, storage, and networking resources - in large scale enterprises are constituting a significant portion of their operating budgets. Even though the cost of hardware continues to drop, the bulk of IT budgets are going towards deploying and maintaining these large scale complex infrastructures. The need for easier manageability and lower operating costs has introduced a whole range of exciting computer systems problems that our faculty is currently addressing: self-deploying and configuring software for the environment and applications at hand, self-tuning systems for the best performance at any time, self-healing systems to anticipate failures ahead of their occurrence and reduce down-times, remote monitoring and diagnosis software for enhancing system health and security, power management and temperature aware data center design. Recent News • Professor Sivasubramaniam won IBM Faculty Awards in 2002, 2004 and

2005. He received four new NSF grants in 2006. He is also serving on the editorial board of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

• Professor Urgaonkar joins Penn State, and is serving on the program committees of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS 2006) held in Minneapolis, MN, in July 2006, the International World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2007) to be held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, in May 2007, and the International Symposium on Computer Performance, Modeling, Measurements, and Evaluation (Performance 2007) to be held in Cologne, Germany, in October 2007.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

Computer Systems Lab (CSL) – Lead Faculty: Professors Sivasubramaniam and Urgaonkar The research conducted in CSL lies at the intersection of cutting edge technologies in hardware, networks, systems software and applications towards enhancing performance, manageability, integrity, availability, and security with minimal operational costs. Some of the important contributions to date include scheduling and resource management for large scale clusters, power management of resource-constrained as well as high-end computer systems, techniques for exploiting deep storage hierarchies, provisioning end-to-end Quality-of-Service assurance in computation and storage services, virtualization technologies for easing management of large data centers, and proactive fault tolerance for ensuring higher system availability. Close collaboration with industrial partners have ensured the adoption of ideas in product offerings. Further, many of our evaluation tools, especially in the area of power modeling, are being used by groups at other institutions for their research. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, National Institute of Health, IBM Faculty Members

ENTERPRISE COMPUTING AND IT INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

Anand Sivasubramaniam, Professor Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology http://www.cse.psu.edu/~anand NSF CAREER Award, 1997 IBM Faculty Partner Award, 2002, 2004, and 2005 Research Interests: Computer architecture, operating systems, mobile computing

PENN STATE 24

Featured Publications • Urgaonkar, B., P. Shenoy, T. Roscoe. December 2002. Resource

Overbooking and Application Profiling in Shared Hosting Platforms. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI). Boston, MA.

• Gurumurthi, S., A. Sivasubramaniam, M. Kandemir, H. Franke. June 2003. DRPM: Dynamic Speed Control for Power Management in Server Class Disks. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). pp. 169-179. San Diego, CA.

• Berger, E., S. Kaplan, B. Urgaonkar, P. Sharma, A. Chandra, P. Shenoy. October 2003. Scheduler-aware Virtual Memory Management. Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP 2003). Lake George, NY.

• Sahoo, R., A. Sivasubramaniam, M. Squillante, Y. Zhang. June 2004. Failure Data Analysis of a Large-Scale Heterogeneous Server Environment. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). pp. 772-781. Florence, Italy.

• Gurumurthi, S., A. Sivasubramaniam, V. Natarajan. June 2005. Disk Drive Roadmap from the Thermal Perspective: A Case for Dynamic Thermal Management. Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). pp. 38-49. Madison, WI.

• Urgaonkar, B., G. Pacifici, P. J. Shenoy, M. Spreitzer, A. N. Tantawi. June 2005. An Analytical Model for Multi-tier Internet Services and Its

Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (SIGMETRICS '05). pp. 291-302. Banff, Canada.

• Chen, Y., A. Das, W. Quin, A. Sivasubramaniam, Q. Wang, N. Gautam. June 2005. Managing Server Energy and Operational Costs in Hosting Centers. Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (SIGMETRICS '05). pp. 303-314. Banff, Alberta, Canada.

• Zhang, J., A. Sivasubramaniam, Q. Wang, A. Riska, E. Riedel. June 2005. An Interposed 2-Level I/O Scheduling Framework for Performance Virtualization. Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (SIGMETRICS '05). pp. 406-407. Banff, Alberta, Canada.

• Vilayannur, M., P. Nath, A. Sivasubramaniam. December 2005. Providing Tuneable Consistency for a Parallel File Store. Proceedings of the Fourth USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). pp. 17-30. San Francisco, CA.

• Chen, Y., A. Das, Q. Wang, A. Sivasubramaniam, R. Harper, M. Bland. June 2006. Consolidating Clients on Back-end Servers with Co-location and Frequency Control. Proceedings of the Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (SIGMETRICS/Performance 2006). pp. 383-384. Saint-Malo, France.

• Lian, Y., Y. Zhang, M. Jette, A. Sivasubramaniam, R. Sahoo. June 2006. BlueGene/L Failure Analysis and Prediction Models. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN-2006). Philadelphia, PA.

• Parashar, A., S. Gurumurthi, A. Sivasubramaniam. October 2006. SlicK: Slice-based Locality Exploitation for Redundant Execution. Proceedings of the International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS). pp. 95-105. San Jose, CA.

ENTERPRISE COMPUTING AND IT INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

Bhuvan Urgaonkar, Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Massachusetts, Amherst http://www.cse.psu.edu/~bhuvan Research Interests: Computer networks, operating systems, distributed systems

25 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Power and Thermal Management of Data Centers Power consumption of large data centers and IT infrastructures is rapidly becoming a serious concern. Each data center can consume several megawatts of power, equivalent to powering a town. A report from the California Energy Commission points out that future demands of such centers could place an energy burden of over $4 billion per year. It is not just the cost of powering the servers at these data centers, but we must also include the cost of designing and deploying cooling systems to ensure stable and reliable operation. We are already at power densities of 200-400 watts per square feet, and the cooling problem is expected to get worse with shrinking form factors. Designing and powering cooling systems to handle the generated heat becomes prohibitively expensive. This makes it imperative to design future computer and cooling systems for the common case, and leave it to dynamic thermal management solutions to deal with any thermal emergencies. Until now, computer systems have their own sensors to detect temperature violations and take remedial actions. Similarly, cooling/HVAC systems use thermostats to step in when temperatures exceed given thresholds. In the future, computer and cooling systems have to work hand-in-hand, with possibly a single control loop, to employ the best remedial action at any time. In addition to such dynamic thermal management solutions, we also need to treat power as a valuable resource in data center management - conserving power when demands are not very high, providing power just-in-time for peak load conditions, and build an electrical grid (for sharing and borrowing power) between the servers of a data center. Having already made key contributions to power and thermal optimizations of individual components, Professor Sivasubramaniam and his team are now extending this work for a complete data center. This research mandates a close interaction between computer

scientists, electrical and thermal engineers, and requires a re-evaluation of the entire IT infrastructure starting from computer architecture and going all the way to machine room architectures.

Thermal image of Computer Science and Engineering's machine room

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OVERVIEW

The research team in human-computer interaction, the youngest of nine core areas of computer science identified by ACM focuses on conceptual, computational, and usability aspects of interfaces. The researchers focus on both building interface architecture and look to facilitate and enhance the development of interactive environments. Research in this area is supported by the National Science Foundation, Microsoft, and the Office of Naval Research. The group boasts of eminent experts in this area who have been recognized by prestigious awards. Recent News • Professor Cai presented a paper at the International Conference on

Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2006) held in Sydney, Australia, in January-February 2006. Cai's research was highlighted in the Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research in 2005 and 2006.

• Professor Carroll was the keynote speaker at a national symposium held in Tokyo and sponsored by the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology and the Japanese Ministry of Education in 2006. Carroll also served as the general chair of the Sixth ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems held at University Park, PA, in June 2006. Carroll served as a consultant/reviewer during summer 2006 for Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology, and Research to help them plan an initiative in human aspects of technology.

• Professor Fonseca was the recipient of the 2006 UCGIS Researcher Award, 2006 "for his highly influential work on ontology-driven geographic information systems." Fonseca also received the 2006 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) summer fellowship.

• Professor Ritter was a Fulbright Senior Scholar at TU Chemnitz, Germany in 2005. Ritter has a book in press titled, "In order to learn: Sequencing Effects in Humans and Artificial Systems," at Oxford University Press, 2007.

• Professor Seif El-Nasr serves on the editorial board of ACM Computers in Entertainment.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

Applied Cognitive Science Lab – Lead Faculty: Professor Ritter Research in this laboratory focuses on how to improve the usability of interfaces by investigating human-computer interfaces with cognitive models. The projects are focused on models that learn, ranging from how to provide models access to interfaces to analyzing the effects of caffeine on cognition to determining how children develop through modeling their development. For more information, visit: http://acs.ist.psu.edu. Spatial Information and Intelligence Lab – Lead Faculty: Professors Cai, Fonseca, and Mitra The lab develops conceptual, computational, and usability engineering approaches toward natural, multimodal, multi-user dialogue-enabled interfaces to geographic information systems. The goal is to make distributed geographical information resources accessible to (non-expert) users and to facilitate collaborative spatial decision-making among teams. The Ubiquitous Computing and Learning Lab (UBLEARNIN) – Lead Faculty: Professor Smith Researchers in UBLEARNIN are investigating how people learn in "everyday" settings. These studies of shoppers in supermarkets, candy-sellers in Brazil, carpet layers, etc., demonstrate the rich learning and knowledge use that exist outside of formal instructional settings. The group is working to integrate these two bodies of research—ubiquitous computing and everyday learning. The goal is to develop new generations of computer-based experiences that enhance learning and performance in everyday settings. Part of the agenda is to rethink existing notions of learning and computing simultaneously.

HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION

27 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

The Computer Supported Collaboration and Learning Lab – Lead Faculty: Professor Carroll This lab focuses on the study of collaboration and informal learning in teams and communities, emphasizing how information technology can motivate, energize, enhance, or otherwise support collaboration and learning. The research objective of the lab is to design and investigate architectures and systems to integrate synchronous and asynchronous activity, to develop and study new applications and user interface techniques for collaborative software, and to evaluate and understand the consequences for people and their communities as they learn and apply new information technologies. The Real-Time Aesthetics and Experience Lab – Lead Faculty: Professors Seif El-Nasr and Smith The real-time aesthetics and experience lab is engaged in several directions of research. The lab has focused on building tools that facilitate and enhance the development of interactive environments to promote a method for self-expression, creativity, and engagement. In the past years, researchers in the lab have explored several research areas: Tools for building interactive 3D environments: Lighting tools to allow designers to develop lighting designs for 3D environments. Camera tools answering several research questions including 'what kind of camera movements are important for interactive environments?' and 'what kind of camera movements/positions can we learn from film?' Researchers plan to publish and demo the tool by the end of December 2006. The lab also explores the development of believable characters with personality. This work focuses on modeling archetypes by studying character models from screenwriting theory and computationally representing them, then mapping such representation to animation routines or adjustments. The group is also experimenting with physical space and lighting: The idea is to use the interactive lighting lab (Architectural Engineering) as an interactive dance space where light colors and lighting layout can change depending on the dancer's arousal state measured through physiological sensors. In other words, we are exploring the potential of using this lab as an ambient intelligent space. In addition, we are experimenting with game design

tools for: Education: In this particular research direction, we looked at the use of game modding in classroom environments, including the new game design and development course, and Games for Girls' (high school extracurricular class). Visualization: This particular direction was motivated by the grant received from Lockheed Martin to look into using gaming methods for visualization and immersion. This is still an exploratory project, but has already resulted in a workshop on the process of game design which is part of Designing Interactive Systems. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Microsoft, Lockheed Martin Faculty Members

Guoray Cai, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh http://spatial.ist.psu.edu/cai/ Allen Kent Award, University of Pittsburgh, 1997 Research Interests: Human-computer dialogues, geographical information systems, spatial databases

John M. Carroll, Edward Frymoyer Chaired Professor Ph.D., Columbia University http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/jcarroll/ Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Association for Computing Machinery Fellow, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ACM CHI Lifetime Achievement Award, 2003 Research Interests: Methods and theory in human-computer interaction, particularly as applied to networking tools for collaborative learning and problem solving

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Featured Publications • Liu, Y., R. T. Collins, Y. Tsin. March 2004. A Computational Model for

Periodic Pattern Perception Based on Frieze and Wallpaper Groups. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) 26(3):354-371.

• Carroll, J.M., M. B. Rosson. 2005. A Case Library for Teaching Usability Engineering: Design Rationale, Development, and Classroom Experience. ACM Journal of Educational Resources in Computing 5(1):1-22.

• Cai, G., H. Wang, A. M. MacEachren, S. Fuhrmann. March 2005 Natural Conversational Interfaces to Geospatial Databases. Transactions in GIS 9(2):199-211.

• St. Amant, R., A. R. Freed, F. E. Ritter. March 2005. Specifying ACT-R Models of User Interaction with a GOMS Language. Cognitive Systems Research 6(1):71-88.

• MacEachren, A., M., G. Cai, R. Sharma, I. Rauschert, I. Brewer, L. Bolelli, B. Shaparenko, S. Fuhrmann, H. Wang. March 2005. Enabling Collaborative Geoinformation Access and Decision-making Through a Natural, Multimodal Interface. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 19(3):293-317.

• Lin, W. H., K. Sengupta, P. Kumar, R. Sharma. April 2005. Occlusion Handling in Augmented Reality Using Background Foreground Segmentation. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14(3):264-277.

Yanxi Liu For more information, see page 7.

Frank Ritter, Associate Professor Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University http://www.frankritter.com/ Fulbright Senior Scholar, 2005 Research Interests: Human-computer interaction, cognitive modeling, cognitive architectures

Magy Seif El-Nasr, Assistant Professor Ph.D., Northwestern University http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/SeifEl-Nasr/ Research Interests: Human-computer interaction, computer graphics, character animation

Frederico Torres Fonseca, Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Maine http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/fonseca/ UCGIS Research Award, 2006 NCSA Summer Fellowship, 2006 Research Interests: Geographic information systems, information integration, knowledge representation

Rajeev Sharma For more information, see page 11.

Brian K. Smith, Associate Professor Ph.D., Northwestern University http://faculty.ist.psu.edu/smith Research Interests: Imaging and video systems for learning, knowledge representation for learning environments

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• Smith, B.K., B.J. Reiser. July-September 2005. Explaining Behavior Using Video for Observational Inquiry and Theory Articulation. Journal of the Learning Sciences 14(3):315-360.

• Ritter, F. E., A. Freed, O. Haskett. September-October 2005. User Information Needs: The Case of University Department Web Sites. ACM Interactions 12(5):19-27.

• MacEachren, A. M., G. Cai, I. Brewer, J. Chen. 2006. Supporting Map-based Geocollaboration through Natural Interfaces to Large-screen Display. Cartographic Perspectives. 54(1):4-22.

• Carroll, J.M., M.B. Rosson, G. Convertino, C. Ganoe. 2006. Awareness and Teamwork in Computer-supported Collaborations. Interacting with Computers 18(1):21-46.

• Li, B., F. T. Fonseca. March 2006. TDD - a Comprehensive Model for Qualitative Spatial Similarity Assessment. Spatial Cognition and Computation 6(1):31–62.

• Yan, S., M. S. El-Nasr. March 2006. Visual Attention in 3D Video Games. Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking and Applications 2006. p. 42. San Diego, CA.

• Ritter, F. E., D. Van Rooy, R. St. Amant, K. Simpson. 2006. Providing user Models Direct Access to Interfaces: An Exploratory Study of a Simple Interface with Implications for HRI and HCI. IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans 36(3):592-601.

• Yucel, I., J. Zupko, M. S. El-Nasr. June 2006. Using Game Modding to Promote and Provide Basic IT Skills to a Female Audience. Proceedings of Games, Learning, and Society 2006. Madison, WI.

• Smith, B. K., J. Frost, M. Albayrak, R. Sudhakar. 2006. Improving Diabetes Self-management with Glucometers and Digital Photography. To appear in Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

• Lin, W.-C., Y. Liu. 2006. A Lattice-based MRF Model for Dynamic Near-regular Texture Tracking. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI).

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Penn State Faculty Members Receive NSF Funding for the GeoCollaborative Crisis Management Project The GeoCollaborative Crisis Management project (GCCM) is an NSF sponsored project (PI: Professor MacEachren, Co-PI's: Professors, Cai, Sharma, Fuhrmann, McNeese) that aims at innovating government services through advanced IT. It is concerned with supporting multimodal and map-mediated collaboration among Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs) and first responders in the field. We have developed a map-enabled groupware environment called GCCM (see figure). GCCM is designed to mediate collaborative activities among emergency managers in Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs) and first responders. It assumes that the EOCs are equipped with a large-screen display together with micro-phones and cameras to capture human speech and free-hand gestures. The EOC coordinates with field teams through multimodal dialogues mediated by GCCM. Field teams have access to hand-held devices that run a GCCM client.

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Using GCCM mobile client, a crisis manager in the field can access geographical intelligence gathered over the network as well as communicating and collaborating with other team members, using natural multimodal dialogues natural speech and pen-based gestures. All communications are through XML-based web service protocols. Mobile devices use wireless connections, while the EOC system(s) use high-speed network connections A Software Aid for Diabetic Patients Behavioral and social issues such as physical environment, social relationships, and socioeconomic status interact with biological factors to influence individual health. As a result, many events that are not purely biological can affect future health outcomes. For instance, poor nutrition and exercise habits can lead to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. At the same time, people may not understand the complex relationships between behavior and health, for instance, how diet affects blood glucose. Capturing and sharing these behaviors with physicians may be beneficial for improving health outcomes.

Professor Smith and researchers have conducted studies that have diabetics photograph their behaviors (e.g., eating, exercise). They created a software system to merge the time-stamped images with records of blood glucose and visualize the data to help patients and physicians find correlations between behavior and physiological measures of health. Medical practitioners who have used the system found it useful for identifying instances of unhealthy behaviors that would otherwise go unmentioned by their clients. The group has also conducted studies that have led to insights about the difficulties of coping with diabetes during the transition from parental control in homes to independent life as a university student. The software and general approach of photographing behaviors are currently being used and studied at Penn State and Boston University. A related, ongoing project has studied ways that digital images of food choices can be integrated into elementary school nutrition curricula. Our goal is to develop computational systems that facilitate personal health awareness and hopefully behavior change.

The diabetes visualization in use. Here, a participant describes how food that he ate led to elevated blood glucose levels seen in the computer display.

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INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

OVERVIEW

Intelligent system researchers are developing models, techniques, and tools to improve our ability to generate, manage, search, and mine information and knowledge. Research areas include software agents, heterogeneous databases, supply chain networks, complex engineered networks, web agents and web search. The research team hosts CiteSeer, the very popular specialty search engine and digital library for computer and information science literature. Research of the intelligent systems group has been featured in popular press and prestigious research publications such as Science and Nature. Various agencies such as NSF, DARPA, and Microsoft fund the activities of the group. Recent News • Professor Hurson served as a guest editor for Advances in Computers,

Parallel, Distributed, and Pervasive Computing, Volume 63, Number 1 in 2005.

• Professor Giles was the speaker for an Information Science Colloquium at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, in January 2006. The tile of his talk was "Next Generation CiteSeer: CiteSeerx."

• Professor Kumara was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Industrial Engineers in April 2006. Professor Kumara delivered keynote papers at the International Academy of Production Engineering, General Assembly Conference held in Kobe, Japan, in August 2006 and at the Balanced Automation Systems in Manufacturing and Services Conference held in Ontario, Canada, in September 2006.

• Professor Wang served as chair of the Eighth ACM SIGMM International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval held in Santa Barbara, CA, in October 2006. Wang will also chair the 2008 ACM International Conference on Multimedia to be held in Pittsburgh, PA, in October 2008.

• Professor Yen served as the chair of the 2005 AAAI Spring Symposium on AI Technologies for Homeland Security held at Stanford University in March 2005.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

Global Information Systems Research Lab – Lead Faculty: Professor Hurson Within the scope of broadcast based services, this group's research is focused on semantic organization of data entities on single and parallel broadcast channel(s), application of indexing on broadcast channel(s), and scheduling of data retrieval from parallel broadcast channels in an attempt to reduce the network latency, access latency, and power consumption. Within the scope of on demand based services, their research is focused on distributed heterogeneous databases, application of software agent technology, security, caching technology, multimedia databases, data integration and fusion, query and transaction processing in an infrastructure that supports both wired and wireless communication with a goal to manage resources (i.e., power) and improve performance. Laboratory for Intelligent Agents – Director: Professor Yen The Laboratory for Intelligent Agents has two research focuses. First, it aims to develop team-based agent technologies that facilitate a distributed team to collaborate and make decisions in a dynamic environment by proactively exchanging and fusing information based on a "shared mental model" about the team. The second focus of the lab is to develop market-based agent technologies for addressing critical issues regarding negotiation, resource allocation, supply chain management, and web services. Laboratory for Intelligent Systems and Quality (LISQ) – Director: Professor Kumara The objective of the lab is in essence to study survivability of large-scale, complex systems. Professor Kumara specializes in software agents, supply chain networks, and complex engineered networks. Through three NSF- sponsored projects, he and his students are investigating complexity in large-scale networks including chaotic behavior and generating methods to control complexity. The details of his research can be found at: www2.ie.psu.edu/Kumara/Research/lisq/.

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INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

The Intelligent Information Systems Research Laboratory (IIS) – Director: Professor Giles, Vice Director: Professor Wang The Internet, the Web, and its successors combined with the rapidly increasing digitization of information and Moore's Law has generated a revolution in information access and creation which reaches an ever-increasing portion of humanity. The Web now encompasses more content than all the text in the Library of Congress. The goal of the Intelligent Information Systems Research Laboratory is to explore and support all levels of research that will improve and enhance our ability to generate, manage, search, and mine information and knowledge. Current research covers Internet database design and analysis, mobile Web computing, Web mining and navigation, Web agents, novel and intelligent Web tools, multimedia retrieval, Web and internet models, Web usage, automatic content analysis and digital libraries, Web search, niche search engines, semantic web, scientific databases, data mining, and information retrieval. For more information, visit: http://iis.ist.psu.edu. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Faculty Members

Raj Acharya For more information, see page 6.

Robert Collins For more information, see page 10.

Frederico Torres Fonseca For more information, see page 28.

C. Lee Giles, David Reese Professor Ph.D., University of Arizona http://clgiles.ist.psu.edu/ Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, International Neural Network Society IBM Distinguished Faculty Award, 2002 Co-inventor CiteSeer Research Interests: Intelligent information processing systems, artificial intelligence and machine learning, digital libraries

Ali Hurson For more information, see page 16.

Soundar R. T. Kumara, Distinguished Professor, Allen E. Pearce/Allen M. Pearce Professor Ph.D., Purdue University http://www2.ie.psu.edu/Kumara/Personal/Kumara.htm Fellow, Institute of Industrial Engineers Fellow, International Academy of Production Research Faculty Scholar Medal, Penn State, 2002 Research Interests: Intelligent agents, distributed sensor data fusion, wavelets

33 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Featured Publications • Giles, C. L., I. G. Councill. 2004. Who Gets Acknowledged: Measuring

Scientific Contributions through Automatic Acknowledgement Indexing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101:17599–17604.

• Liu, Y., L. Teverovskiy, O. Carmichael, R. Kikinis, M. Shenton, C.S. Carter, V.A. Stenger, S. Davis, H. Aizenstein, J. Becker, O. Lopez, C. Meltzer. Discriminative MR Image Feature Analysis for Automatic Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease Classification. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Aided Intervention (MICCAI'04). pp. 393-401. Rennes, France.

• Zhuang, Z., R. Wagle, C. L. Giles. 2005. What's There and What's Not?: Focused Crawling for Missing Documents in Digital Libraries. Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2005). pp. 301-310. (Nominated for best student paper).

• Sustersic, J., A. R. Hurson. 2005. Quality of Service (QoS) in Internet Cache Coherence. International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking 3(5/6):296-308.

• Chen, Y., J. Z. Wang, R. Krovetz. 2005. CLUE: Cluster-based Retrieval of Images by Unsupervised Learning. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 14(8):1187-1201.

Jia Li For more information, see page 7.

Yanxi Liu For more information, see page 7.

Wang-Chien Lee For more information, see page 16.

Rajeev Sharma For more information, see page 11.

James Wang For more information, see page 11.

John Yen, Professor in Charge, University Professor Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley http://ist.psu.edu/yen/ Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Research Interests: Intelligent agents, artificial intelligence, soft computing

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• Kamali, K., L. Jiang, J. Yen, K. W. Wang. 2005. Neuro-fuzzy Learning of Strategies for Optimal Control Problems. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS 2005). pp 199-204.

• Gnanasambandam, N., S. Lee, N. Gautam, S.R.T. Kumara, W. Peng, V. Manikonda, M. Brinn, M. Greaves. July 2005. An Autonomous Performance Control Framework for Distributed Multi-Agent Systems: A Queuing Theory Based Approach. Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS). pp. 1313-1314. Utrecht, Netherlands.

• Zhang, J., Y. Liu. October 2005. SVM Decision Boundary Based Discriminative Tracking Features. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27(10):1631-1643.

• Datta, R., D. Joshi, J. Li, J. Z. Wang. May 2006. Studying Aesthetics in Photographic Images Using a Computational Approach. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. Graz, Austria.

• Gnanasambandham, N., N. Sharma, S.R.T. Kumara, H. Liu. June 2006. Collaborative Self-organization by Devices Providing Document Services – A Multi-agent Perspective. Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing. pp. 305-308. Dublin, Ireland. (Poster Presentation).

• Monsotori, L., J. Vancza, S.R.T. Kumara. August 2006. Agent-Based Manufacturing. Proceedings of the International Academy of Production Engineering, General Assembly Conference. Kobe, Japan. (Keynote paper)

• Kumara, S.R.T. September 2006. Agent-Based Manufacturing. Proceed-ings of the Seventh International Conference on Information Technology for Balanced Automation Systems in Manufacturing and Services (BASYS'06). Ontario, Canada. (Keynote paper)

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Professor Co-Creator of CiteSeer Professor Giles was one of the co-creators of the CiteSeer and the co-inventor of autonomous citation indexing. CiteSeer is a public specialty scientific and academic search engine and digital library. It revolutionized access to the computer and information science literature, and has become an invaluable resource for many information scientists. CiteSeer provides advanced services for searching, organizing, and navigating the scholarly literature, including

autonomous citation indexing, context extraction, and advanced methods of locating related papers. The advanced methods of locating related documents in CiteSeer help researchers to quickly and efficiently locate a more relevant search. The main CiteSeer service is hosted at Penn State, is used worldwide in more than 150 countries, and serves more than 10 million requests per month. CiteSeer has shown that faster, easier, and more complete access to relevant literature can help speed up research, better direct research activities, and minimize duplication of research effort.

Screen shot of the CiteSeer website

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The SIMPLIcity System Used to Search More Than One Million Images by the Pixel Content The SIMPLIcity image retrieval system developed by Professors Li and Wang has been used by the largest online community for aviation, www.airliners.net. The website hosts more than one million images related to aviation and provides millions of page views every day to users around the globe. Before using the SIMPLIcity content-based image retrieval system, users of the website could only search for images by the metadata, such as airplane type and location. Users were not able to search for photos with similar composition. With the installation of the SIMPLIcity system, initially developed when Wang and Li were both with Stanford University's InfoLab (birth place of the Google project), users now can enjoy additional search capabilities. The system uses advanced statistical and mathematical methods to significantly speed up and improve the search. Every day, up to 80,000 SIMPLIcity searches are processed on the site. Users can also upload their own images as querying images. The research article about the SIMPLIcity system has been one of the most cited works published since 2001. Among others, the system has also been used by the largest national park photography site www.terragalleria.com and the largest mineral research site www.mindat.org. Researchers are excited to see that research systems developed in a lab environment can be readily deployed to benefit millions of people. According to Wang, "Researchers will continue to develop new and better algorithms to manage large amount of images for various application domains."

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

SIMPLIcity image search engine in action at www.airliners.net

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OVERVIEW

The Networking and Security Research Center (NSRC) provides a research and education community at Penn State for professors, students, and collaborators from industry interested in networking and security. It also provides a unique avenue for interaction with industry; the members of the NSRC actively consult with industry and participate as partners on funded projects. Member companies enjoy benefits of sponsoring research and having access to the latest results and technical reports from the NSRC. The center was founded and is directed by Professor La Porta. Each year the NSRC hosts an industry day that attracts over twenty companies and representatives from the top government funding offices. The expertise of the members includes mobile networking, protocol design, performance analysis and simulation, wireless communication, networked applications, and large networking software systems. The NSRC also boasts experts on Internet security, policy, secure operating systems, and access controls. Additionally, members of the NSRC actively collaborate on projects on secure wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, high performance wireless networks, and secure telecommunication systems. Recent News • The NSRC was awarded more than $7 million since 2005 from federal

agencies, including five NSR Cyrbertrust awards and three NSF NeTS. • Professors McDaniel and La Porta, along with students Enck and Traynor

were featured in The New York Times for their paper titled, "Exploiting Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks." They demonstrated the ability to deny voice service to large metropolitan areas with little more than a cable modem by exploiting the Short Messaging Service (SMS). Moreover, attacks targeting the entire United States are

feasible with resources available to medium-sized zombie networks. They are currently working with DHS, the FCC, and the FBI. Details of the ongoing project are available at: http://smsanalysis.com.

• The CSE Department at Penn State is one of only five institutions to publish at all leading security conferences (ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'05), Network Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS'06), IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P'06), and USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 2006) over the past year, and it is tied for the second-most number of papers published at these conferences during this time.

• Professor McDaniel is serving as co-chair of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy in 2007 and 2008. McDaniel served as the program chair of USENIX Security held in Baltimore, MD, in August 2005.

• Professor Cao served as guest editor, ACM Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), Special Issue on Programmable Radio-enabled Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, 2006. Cao is currently serving as editor of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing and IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Cao is also the general chair for Mobiquitous 2007.

• Professor Jaeger's labeled IPSEC mechanism that enables mandatory access control of Linux network communication is upstreamed into Linux 2.6.16. Jaeger's paper was published in IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy 2006.

• Professor Das serves on the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE) Advisory Board. Das served as program chair at the Twelfth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-12) held in Austin, TX, in February 2006.

• Professor Kesidis is serving as the program co-chair of the Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2007) to be held in Anchorage, AL, in May 2007.

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RESEARCH LABS/AREAS The Mobile Computing and Networking Lab (MCN) – Lead Faculty: Professor Cao The MCN lab conducts research in many areas of wireless networks and mobile computing, with an emphasis on designing and evaluating mobile systems, protocols, and applications. Our mission is to prepare the next generation of researchers, developers, and educators in these areas by working on cutting-edge technologies and investigating high-impact research projects. The Systems and Internet Infrastructure Security Lab (SIIS) – Directors: Professors McDaniel and Jaeger The SIIS lab strives to promote student and scientific advancement through the investigation of emerging technologies upon which computer, network, and information security is based. Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, Army Research Office, Department of Defense, The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, The PA Technology Collaborative, U.S. Army Research Lab, U.K. Ministry of Defence, and Industry collaboration/support from AT&T, Telecordia, Raytheon, Cisco, IBM, BAE Systems, Motorola. Faculty Members

NETWORKING AND SECURITY

Raj Acharya For more information, see page 6.

Guohong Cao, Associate Professor Ph.D., Ohio State University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~gcao/ NSF CAREER Award, 2001 Research Interests: Wireless network security, mobile computing, wireless and sensor networks

Trent Jaeger, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor http://www.cse.psu.edu/~tjaeger IBM Faculty Partnership Award, 2006 Research Interests: Computer security and operating systems

George Kesidis, Professor Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley http://www.cse.psu.edu/~kesidis Research Interests: Internet security, modeling and performance evaluation of communication/computer networks, scheduling and routing

Chita R. Das For more information, see page 20.

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Featured Publications

• Liu, P., W. Zang. October 2003. Incentive-Based Modeling and Inference of Attacker Intent, Objectives and Strategies. Proceedings of the Tenth ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. pp. 179-189. Washington, D.C.

• Zhang, W., H. Song, G. Cao, S. Zhu. May 2005. Least Privilege and Privilege Deprivation: Towards Tolerating Mobile Sink Compromises in Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the ACM International

Thomas F. La Porta, Professor Ph.D., Columbia University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~tlp Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow, Bell Labs IBM Faculty Partner Award, 2005 and 2006 Research Interests: Security for wireless networks, mobility management, mobile data systems including networks, protocols, and applications

Peng Liu, Associate Professor Ph.D., George Mason University http://ist.psu.edu/s2/pliu/ DoE Early CAREER Award, 2002 Research Interests: Survivable systems, network security, privacy

Wang-Chien Lee For more information, see page 16.

Patrick McDaniel, Hartz Family Career Development Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Michigan http://www.cse.psu.edu/~mcdaniel DARPA Bang for the Buck Award, 2002 ICA DSN Best Paper Award, 2005 Research Interests: Systems and network security, security policy, network management, privacy

John Metzner, Professor Eng.Sc.D., New York University http://www.cse.psu.edu/people/faculty.php?person=Metzner Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Research Interests: Reliable data communications, multi-access wireless network protocols, information theory

Bhuvan Urgaonkar For more information, see page 24.

Sencun Zhu, Assistant Professor Ph.D., George Mason University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~szhu Research Interests: Network and system security, ad-hoc and sensor networks, peer-to-peer computing

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Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc 2005). pp. 378-389. Urbana-Champaign, IL.

• Lim, S., C. Yu, C. R. Das. June 2005. Rcast: A Randomized Communication Scheme for Improving Energy Efficiency in MANETs. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2005). pp. 123-132. Columbus, OH.

• Enck, W., P. Traynor, P. McDaniel, T. F. La Porta. November 2005. Exploiting Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks. Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'05). pp. 393-404. Alexandria, VA.

• Sailer, R., E. Valdez, S. Berger, R. Perez, T. Jaeger, L. van Doorn. December 2005. Building a MAC-based Security Architecture for the Xen Opensource Hypervisor. Proceedings of the 2005 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. Tempe, AZ.

• Shankar, U., T. Jaeger, R. Sailer. February 2006. Towards Automated Information-flow Integrity Verification for Security-critical Applications. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS '06). pp. 267-280. San Diego, CA.

• Traynor, P., H. Choi, G. Cao, S. Zhu, T. F. La Porta. April 2006. Establishing Pair-Wise Keys in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2006. Barcelona, Spain.

• Zhao, J., G. Cao. April 2006. VADD: Vehicle-Assisted Data Delivery in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2006. Barcelona, Spain.

• Shin, J., K. H. Lee, A. Yener, T. F. La Porta. April 2006. On-demand Diversity Wireless Relay Networks. ACM Journal of Mobile Networks and Applications 11(1):593-611.

• Yang, Y., X. Wang, S. Zhu, G. Cao. May 2006. SDAP: A Secure Hop-by-Hop Data Aggregation Protocol for Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Seventh ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MOBIHOC'06). pp. 356-367. Florence, Italy.

• Ganapathy, V., T. Jaeger, S. Jha. May 2006. Retrofitting Legacy Code for Authorization Policy Enforcement. Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. pp. 214-229. Oakland, CA.

• Traynor, P., R. Kumar, H. B. Saad, G. Cao, T. F. La Porta. June 2006. LIGER: Implementing Efficient Hybrid Security Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys 2006). pp. 15-27. Upsalla, Sweden.

• Wang, G., G. Cao, T. F. La Porta. June 2006. Movement Assisted Sensor Deployment. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(6):640-652.

• Wang, X., C. Pan, P. Liu, S. Zhu. July-August 2006. SigFree: A Signature-free Buffer Overflow Attack Blocker. Proceedings of the Fifteenth USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX 2006). Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

• Traynor, P., W. Enck, P. McDaniel, T. F. La Porta. September 2006. Mitigating Attacks on Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular Networks. Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom 2006). pp. 182-193. Los Angeles, CA.

• Wang, G., G. Cao, P. Berman, T. F. La Porta. 2006. Bidding Protocols for Deploying Mobile Sensors. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

International Technology Alliance (ITA) in Network and Information Sciences Researchers in the NSRC are part of an IBM-led consortium selected by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and United Kingdom Ministry of Defence as part of the newly formed International Technology Alliance (ITA) in network and information sciences. The consortium will undertake a research program exploring advanced technology for secure wireless and sensor networks to support future coalition operations, over a potential ten-year period, with a value of more than $135 million.

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Professor La Porta, the leader of the Penn State team, has a leadership position within the consortia. He is one of four academic technical area leads. His area is responsible for research on sensor information processing and delivery. The ITA brings together leading U.S. and U.K. commercial and academic organizations in four interconnected areas of research: network theory, secure systems, sensor information processing and delivery, and distributed coalition planning and decision making. The program is one of the world's largest collaborative technology programs. The consortium includes U.S. companies such as IBM, BBNET Solutions, The Boeing Company, Honeywell, and Klein Associates, along with eight universities. Successful future military operations will depend on the capability of coalition forces to quickly gather, interpret, and share battlefield information to coordinate actions, so the research will enable interoperability and communications across disparate military units, allowing them to operate more effectively in the challenging environ-ments of modern warfare. Telecommunications Security Few people think about availability when talking about the phone network. In contrast to most of the other comforts of the modern age, telecommunica-tions networks are among the most reliable systems ever created and are expected to "just work." Once tightly controlled and regulated, these networks have recently become more open in order to provide a diverse new set of voice and data services. However such openness, embodied by connections between these systems and the Internet, has the potential to

directly harm the reliability of telecommunications networks. As members of the SIIS Laboratory recently discovered, an attacker now has the ability to virtually shut down such networks in major metropolitan areas with only a cable modem. The team of graduate students William Enck and Patrick Traynor along with Professors McDaniel and La Porta discussed this new vulnerability with the New York Times in October 2005. "This is a traffic-jam problem," McDaniel said. "You're sending too many cars down a two-lane road." Recognizing the importance of the discovery, new partnerships with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), FBI, and numerous other government and industrial partners have been formed in order to address the vulnerabilities inherent to the next generation of interconnected networks. The paper titled, "Exploiting Open Functionality in SMS-Capable Cellular

Networks" was presented at the Twelfth ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS'05) in Alexandria, VA, in November 2005. In part, as a result of this work, both Professors La Porta and McDaniel were named to the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Panel. Follow up work developing detailed simulation appeared at The Twelfth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Mobicom 2006) held in Los Angeles, CA, in September 2006. Details of the ongoing project are available at: http://smsanalysis.org/. Due to a shared communications channel, it is

possible to block incoming voice calls by sending text messages from the Internet

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NeTS-NOSS: Controllable Node Mobility for Mission-Oriented Sensor Networks Traditional sensor networks have limitations when applied to support multiple missions or when the network conditions change. Mobile sensors can be used to address these problems as mobility can significantly increase the capability of the sensor network by making it resilient to failures, reactive to events, and able to support disparate missions with a common set of sensors. To support mobility in sensor networks, this project investigates various research issues in mobility assisted sensing, network monitoring, mobility assisted routing, and integrated mobility management for sensing and routing. The expected results from this project are: (i) Significant theoretical and technical advances in supporting mobility in sensor networks; (ii) Understanding various performance and power tradeoffs in designing and implementing sensor relocation protocols; (iii) Development of network monitoring protocols, coverage hole estimation and failure effect estimation protocols; (iv) Theoretical advances on mobility assisted routing; and (v) Understanding of how sensing and routing interact and how to satisfy different mission requirements and maximize the network capability. The success of this project is likely to have a broader impact on making sensor networks more affordable and amenable to commercial, civilian, and military applications.

Shamons' Security Enforcement A new project is being started in the SIIS Lab that aims to enable coherent security enforcement across large, distributed systems using the reference monitor concept, forming a shared reference monitor called the Shamon. Many distributed applications, such as grid computing, web services, and mobile computing require security guarantees across distributed systems, but are based on ad hoc security approaches. The reference monitor is a fundamental concept in access control: it provides mediation of all security-relevant operations, so security guarantees, such as those in mandatory access control, can be enforced. The group applies trusted computing mechanisms to build a trustworthy Shamon across a set of machines and ensure that the security enforcement on each machine in the Shamon enforce distributed system-wide

security guarantees. The group is building prototype Shamon systems for grid applications (BOINC servers) and mobile applications (Internet Suspend/Resume) using Xen and SELinux.

A mobile sensor network testbed: The mobile sensors can move to replace some of the failed sensors or support different sensor applications

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OVERVIEW

The numerical analysis and scientific computing group includes Professors Barlow, Raghavan, and Shontz. They conduct research in topics spanning numerical linear algebra, parallel scientific computing, and computational science and engineering. Their research includes the design and analysis of scalable algorithms and interactive virtual problem solving environments for scientific computing. A strong emphasis is also placed on intra-disciplinary research combining scientific computing, computer architecture, and systems design. In addition, Barlow, Raghavan, and Shontz conduct multidisciplinary computational science research in areas such as signal processing, computational materials design, and biomedical engineering. Recent News • Professor Barlow serves as an associate editor of Computational Statistics

and Data Analysis and Linear Algebra, and ITS Application. Barlow served as chair, Local Arrangements Committee for the Householder Symposium XVI held in Champion, PA, in May 2005, and chair and local organizer at the Sixth International Workshop on Accurate Solution of Eigenvalue Problems (IWASEP VI) held in University Park, PA, in May 2006.

• Professor Raghavan serves as an associate editor of the SIAM Journal of Scientific Computing. She is a co-editor of Parallel Processing of Scientific Computing, in the SIAM book series on Software, Tools, and Environments, 2006. She served on the program committee of SIAM Text Mining 2006. She co-chairs the 2007 IEEE/ACM Workshop on High Performance Power Aware Computing (HPPAC) and the Workshops and Panels Committee for the 2006 Grace Hopper Conference. She is serving on the program committees of IEEE/ACM Supercomputing 2006, Supercomputing 2007, and the 2007 International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS). Raghavan also serves in the Surveys Committee of the Computing Research Association (CRA), the IEEE

Technical Committee on Scalable Computing (TCSC) as its coordinator for scientific computing, and the SIAM Committee on Committees and Appointments.

• Professor Shontz was invited to participate as an academic expert in the Fields-Mitacs Industrial Problem Solving Workshop held in Toronto, Canada, in August 2006. Shontz served on the Panels and Workshops Committee for the 2006 Grace Hopper Celebration of Women and Computing held in San Diego, CA, in October 2006. She is a reviewer for the SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

Scalable Computing Lab (SCL) – Lead Faculty: Professors Raghavan and Shontz Research in the SCL concerns high-performance scientific computing spanning algorithms, architectures, tools, and applications. Current projects include computational materials design applications, scalable algorithms and software for mesh refinement and sparse systems, and power-aware high-performance scientific computing. Numerical Linear Algebra – Investigator: Professor Barlow Professor Barlow does research on numerical linear algebra. Most of his work focuses on least squares problems, eigenvalue problems, and numerical problems in image processing. Problems that he and his students have worked on include subspace tracking, large sparse least squares, approximations to the singular value decomposition, perturbation models for eigenvalue problems, numerical methods for super resolution and color imagery. His more recent interests include the application of eigenvalue perturbation theory to reactor criticality computations and inverse problems in signal and image processing. Professor Barlow is also investigating accuracy and stability issues involved in these computations.

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Funding Agencies: Department of Energy, National Science Foundation Faculty Members

Featured Publications • Raghavan, P., K. Teranishi, E. G. Ng. 2003. A Latency Tolerant Hybrid

Sparse Solver using Incomplete Cholesky Factorization. Numerical Linear Algebra 10(1):541-560.

• Liu, Z. K., L. Q. Chen, P. Raghavan, Q. Du, J. O. Sofo, S. Langer, C. Wolverton. January 2004. An Integrated Framework for Multi-Scale Materials Simulation and Design. Journal of Computer-Aided Materials Design 11(2-3):183-199.

• Bhowmick, S., P. Raghavan, L. McInnes, B. Norris. April 2004. Faster PDE-Based Simulations Using Robust Composite Linear Solvers. Future Generation Computer Systems 20(3):373-387.

• Shontz, S.M., S. A. Vavasis. An Algorithm Based on Finite Element Weights for Warping Tetrahedral Meshes. Submitted July 2004 to SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing.

• Barlow, J. L., A. Smoktunowicz, H. Erbay. 2005. Improved Gram-Schmidt Type Downdating Methods. BIT 45(2):259-285.

• Barlow, J., N. Bosner, Z. Drmac. March 2005. A New Stable Bidiagonal Reduction Algorithm. Linear Algebra and Its Applications 397(1):35-84.

• Raghavan, P., M. J. Irwin, L. C. McInnes, B. Norris. April 2005. Adaptive Software for Scientific Computing: Co-Managing Quality-Performance-Power Tradeoffs. Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Parallel and Distributed Symposium (IPDPS 2005). Proceedings on CD-ROM. 7 pages. Denver, CO.

• Chen, G., K. Malkowski, M. Kandemir, P. Raghavan. April 2005. Reducing Power with Performance Constraints for Parallel Sparse Applications. Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Parallel and Distributed Symposium (IPDPS 2005). Proceedings on CD-ROM. 8 pages. Denver, CO.

• Sun, J., P. Michaleris, A. Gupta, P. Raghavan. June 2005. A Fast Implementation of the FETI-DP Method: FETI-DP-RBS-LNA and Applications on Large Scale Problems with Localized Nonlinearities. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 63(6):833-858.

Jesse L. Barlow, Professor Ph.D., Northwestern University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~barlow/ Leslie Fox Prize, Second Place, 1986 SIAG Linear Algebra Prize, 1991 Research Interests: Numerical linear algebra, scientific computing, linear algebra in signal and image processing

Suzanne Shontz, Assistant Professor Ph.D., Cornell University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~shontz National Physical Science Consortium Fellow, 1999-2004 Honorable Mention for Alice T. Schafer Prize, 1999 Research Interests: Scientific and parallel computing, mesh generation, numerical optimization

Padma Raghavan, Professor Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University http://www.cse.psu.edu/~raghavan/ NSF CAREER Award, 1995 Maria Goeppert-Mayer Distinguished Scholar Award, Argonne National Laboratory, 2002 Research Interests: Scientific computing, parallel unstructured computations, energy-aware high-performance computing

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• Fu, H., M. Ng, J. L. Barlow. 2006. Structural Total Least Squares for Color Image Restoration. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 28(3):1100-1119.

• Lee, I., P. Raghavan, E. G. Ng. 2006. Effective Preconditioning Through Ordering Interleaved. SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, Special Issue on Preconditioning 27(4):1069-1088.

• Saad, Y., J.R. Chelikowsky, S. M. Shontz. Numerical Methods for Electronic Structure Calculations of Materials. Submitted February 2006 to SIAM Review.

• Malkowski, M., I. Lee, P. Raghavan, M. J. Irwin. April 2006. On Improving Performance and Energy Profiles of Sparse Scientific Applications. Proceedings of the Twentieth IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Symposium (IPDPS 2006). 8 pages. Rhodes, Greece.

• Diachin, L., P. Knupp, T. Munson, S. M. Shontz. September 2006. A Comparison of Two Optimization Methods for Mesh Quality Improvement. Engineering with Computers 22(2):61-74.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Scalable Algorithms and Software Research projects concern numeric and symbolic computations at the core of large-scale modeling and simulations spanning structural mechanics, bio-engineering, and materials design. Applications rely on effective parallelization of such computations to reduce total execution time. Research at the lab focuses on irregular problems such as sparse linear system and adaptive mesh refinement which typically occur when models based on partial-differential equations are solved numerically.

One of Professor Shontz's projects concerns the development of mesh warping methods for problems with moving meshes, where the domain of interest has a complex geometry that moves throughout time. For these problems, moving meshes, i.e., meshes that change at each time step, are necessary to capture the changing shape of the moving domain boundary. Mesh warping is the process of moving a source mesh to its target domain during the mesh elements can flip their orientations and tangle the mesh, thus making it invalid for use with a PDE solver. Shontz's research focuses on the develop-ment of mesh warping methods that generate good quality meshes for use with PDE solvers. She has used her mesh warping methods to study the motion of the beating canine heart. Robert Gilmour, professor of biomedical engineering, biomedical science, and veterinary medicine at Cornell University further described the implications of her work as follows, "Dr. Shontz's research addresses an extremely important issue–how does the heart contract? Her work potentially has broad implications for the function of the normal heart, but perhaps more importantly,

for the failing heart as well." This project represents joint work with Stephen Vavasis of the University of Waterloo.

Heart anatomy courtesy of Zygote.com

Canine ventricular mesh

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Professor Raghavan's research concerns sparse linear system solution, which typically dominates execution times of simulations using implicit or semi-implicit schemes. There are a large number of basic solution schemes from classes such as direct, preconditioned-iterative (Krylov), domain-decomposition, and multigrid/multilevel. There is further multiplicative growth in the number of methods when Krylov iterative methods are used as smoothers in multilevel methods, or the latter are used as preconditioners for the former. The performance of all these, including convergence, reliability, execution time, parallel efficiency, and scalability, can vary dramatically depending on the exact interaction of a specific method, the problem instance, and the computer architecture. In the words of Professor David Keyes from Columbia University, "The impossibility of uniformly ranking linear system solvers in order of effectiveness … is widely appreciated." This problem is addressed in Professor Raghavan's SuperSolvers project by developing algorithms and software for automated method selection and composition to instantiate robust and scalable solvers tailored to meet application demands. Recent results include the development of (i) hybrid solvers using flexible incomplete sparse factorization preconditioners with a range of fill-in from pure iterative to pure direct, (ii) composite solvers that use a sequence of schemes on a single linear system to enable highly reliable solution with limited memory requirements, and (iii) adaptive solvers that dynamically select a sparse solution scheme to match changing numerical attributes of systems generated across iterations of a long running simulation. Such SuperSolvers have resulted in highly robust, parallel and scalable solvers that significantly improve the performance of many applications. This research is in collaboration with Dr. K. Teranishi currently a post-doctoral researcher in the lab and Dr. S. Bhowmick (Columbia University).

Power-Aware High Performance Computing

Current high-end platforms are ensembles of multiple fast CPUs with deep memory hierarchies and high-speed interconnects. Geometric scaling of raw performance (Moore's Law) arises from more and faster transistors on a chip. However, chips are approaching their packaging thermal limits, and the power-related costs for high-end systems, both electrical power consumed (in megawatts) and machine room cooling loads (200 W/sq. ft.), continue to grow as a cubic function of peak execution rates and clock frequencies. Although a faster scientific simulation, such as one obtained by exploiting quality-performance tradeoffs, is also often one that consumes less power by using fewer compute cycles, a major challenge is developing explicitly power-aware scientific computing tools. In the near term, such tools can deliver lower-power realizations without adversely impacting application performance. More importantly, in the longer term, resulting insights can lead to future systems where the power budget is directed effectively over processor-memory-interconnect subsystems to improve application performance at reduced power and energy levels. In support of this project, Dr. Richard D. Loft, associate

director of research and development at the National Center for Atmospheric Research wrote "… our supercomputing infrastructure faces huge challenges that must be met in order to continue to advance geoscience simulation over the next decade. One of these is clearly power-aware computing." Although sparse solvers and adaptive meshes represent scalable formulations for many applications, their performance is typically memory and network latency bound due to limited data locality and poor data reuse. Furthermore, load imbalances remain despite partitioning/re-partitioning for parallel computing and there are multiple algorithms and codes with different quality/Detecting structure in a sparse matrix

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performance trade-offs. Consequently, they are excellent candidates for exploiting algorithm and architecture interplays for improved performance and power profiles. Recent results indicate over eight percent savings in energy and 60 percent improvements in performance when memory optimizations are utilized with low-power modes of the CPU and caches. This project is in collaboration with Professor Irwin who directs the Microsystems Design Lab at Penn State and Drs. L. C. McInnes and B. Norris from the Argonne National Laboratory. Computational and Materials Science Computational models in materials science are generally categorized according to three different spatial length scales: atomic scale, mesoscale, and macro-scale. Models in the atomic scale deal with the structure, dynamics, and physical properties of an assembly of atoms; mesoscale models are concerned with the material's internal micro-structure, which is characterized by the shape, size, and spatial arrangement of phases, domains, and/or grains as well as defect distributions such as dislocation configurations; and macroscale models which ignore the internal atomic and the mesoscale structures of a material and describe its behavior using constitutive relations and empirical laws based on classical continuum theories. Professor Shontz's research involves modeling on the atomic scale with a focus on numerical methods for electronic structures calculations for real-life materials on high-performance computing platforms. For this project, Shontz has been determining efficient optimization methods for the solution of the structural relaxation (or geometry optimization)

problem, which is to find a low-energy configuration of a given material. This energy minimization problem can be written as a nonlinear, unconstrained optimization problem which is characterized by the high cost of evaluating its energy and forces for a particular geometry. In particular, a modified form of Schrödinger's equation must be solved for each energy evaluation which becomes rather computationally intensive for large materials. This work is part of the Pseudopotential Algorithms for Real Space Energy Calculations (PARSEC) project, involving collaboration between researchers at the University of Minnesota, Professor James Chelikowsky's group at the University of Texas, Austin, and Professor Yousef Saads's group at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Professor Raghavan's MatCase project involves coupling models and simulations across all three scales for predictive modeling of high performance metals. The focus is on the development of an e-laboratory for multi-scale, multi-component materials modeling with automated design space exploration using reduced-order models, domain-specific knowledge bases, and simulations on parallel and distributed wide-area computing and storage systems. This research enables predicting the performance of a material from its structure, process, and properties, toward the tailoring of materials by design. MatCase involves collaborations at Penn State with materials scientists Drs. Z. K. Liu, and L. Q. Chen and Dr. Q. Du in applied mathematics. It also involves collaboration with C. Wolverton (Northwestern University), S. Langer (NIST), and technology transfer to industry through the NSF-ICURC Center on Computational Materials Design.

Multi-scale modeling for computational materials design

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OVERVIEW Faculty working in theoretical computer science apply mathematical foundations and techniques to study, understand, explain, and solve a wide range of problems fundamental to computing. They support the educational mission of the department through instruction in core and advanced principles of computer science. Their research advances the basic knowledge of computing and directly supports applied research areas. The expertise of the faculty includes graph algorithms, approximation algorithms, sublinear-time algorithms, computational complexity, randomized algorithms, computational geometry, coding theory, computational molecular biology, cryptography, privacy, computational logic, type theory, and programming languages semantics. Their work has connections to diverse applications such distributed databases, property testing, biological computing, information theory, combinatorics, quantum mechanics, program verification, and compiler technology. Recent News • Professor Fürer gave an invited talk titled, "The Graph Isomorphism

Problem" at the Mining and Learning with Graphics (MLG) Workshop held in conjunction with the European Machine Learning and Database Conferences (ECML/PKDD) held in Berlin, Germany, in September 2006.

• Professor Kandemir presented talks at the Thirty-Third Annual ACM SIGPLAN–SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL) held in Charleston, SC, in January 2006 and also at the ACM SIGPLAN 2006 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI) held in Ottawa, Canada, in June 2006.

• Professors Adam Smith and Sofya Raskhodnikova will join CSE at Penn State in January 2007.

• Professor Adam Smith's work on statistical database privacy was nominated for the 2006 "Privacy-Enhancing Technologies" Award.

RESEARCH LABS/AREAS

Theory Lab – Lead Faculty: Professor Fürer Currently, the research focuses on designing improved algorithms and understands the reasons for the computational difficulties in solving the graph isomorphism problem. The focus is on discrete combinatorial methods. Closely related to the graph isomorphism problem is the fundamental task of choosing names for finite structures (e.g., molecules) that are efficiently computable. Research also focuses on design and analysis of algorithms to deal with computationally hard problems. It is conjectured that NP-hard optimization problems don't allow any computationally efficient exact solutions. Therefore, the goal is either to design efficient algorithms producing solutions which are provably close to optimal, or proving that for certain problems no such algorithms exist. Programming Languages – Investigator: Professor Kandemir The programming languages/compiler research at Penn State explores language and compiler support for diverse computing systems, including battery-operated embedded systems, unmanned underwater and aerial vehicles, and disk-intensive operating environments. The common theme exploited in these efforts is to expose the architectural and environmental/operational conditions to the compiler in the form of high level abstractions and let the compiler perform its optimizations and code/data restructuring based on these abstractions. In embedded systems, these abstractions capture the power reduction capabilities of the underlying system; in unmanned vehicles, they contain vehicle types and capabilities; and in disk-intensive environments, they capture storage characteristics. The optimization metrics targeted by this research include performance, energy consumption, memory space require-ments, and reliability. Our research also defines the role of the compiler as the tool that reconfigures the hardware and optimizes the code based on reconfiguration, as opposed to a more conventional role of pure code optimization.

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Funding Agencies: National Science Foundation, National Institute of Health Faculty Members

Featured Publications • Sun, B., A. R. Hurson, J. Hannan. August 2004. Energy-Efficient

Scheduling Algorithms of Object Retrieval on Indexed Parallel Broadcast Channels. Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP 2004). pp. 440-447. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

• Hillier, L., W. Miller, et al. December 2004. Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of the Chicken Genome Provide Unique Perspectives on Vertebrate Evolution. Nature 432(7018):695-716.

• Fürer, M., S. P. Kasiviswanathan. 2005. Algorithms for Counting 2-SAT Solutions and Colorings with Applications. Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity TR05-033.

Piotr Berman For more information, see page 6.

Martin Fürer, Professor Ph.D., Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule, Zurich http://www.cse.psu.edu/~furer Research Interests: Graph algorithms, computational complexity, the Graph Isomorphism Problem

Jonathan Goldstine, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley http://www.cse.psu.edu/people/faculty.php?person=goldstin Research Interests: Automata and formal languages

John Hannan, Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania http://www.cse.psu.edu/~hannan Research Interests: Programming language semantics and implementation, logic and computation, type theory

Mahmut Kandemir For more information, see page 20.

Stephen G. Simpson, Professor Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology http://www.math.psu.edu/simpson/ Faculty Scholar Medal for Outstanding Achievement Research Interests: Mathematical logic and foundations of mathematics

Webb C. Miller For more information, see page 7.

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• Ovcharenko, I., G. G. Loots, B. M. Giardine, M. Hou, J. Ma, R. C. Hardison, L. Stubbs, W. Miller. January 2005. Mulan: Multiple-sequence Local Alignment and Visualization for Studying Function and Evolution. Genome Research 15:184-194.

• Berman, P., B. DasGupta, M-Y. Kao. August 2005. Tight Approximability Results for Test Set Problems in Bioinformatics. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences 71(2):145-162.

• Goldstine, J., H. Leung, D. Wotschke. November 2005. Measuring Nondeterminism in Pushdown Automata. Journal of Computer and System Sciences 71(4):440-466.

• Chen, G., F. Li, M. Kandemir. January 2006. Compiler-Directed Channel Allocation for Saving Power in On-Chip Networks. Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual ACM-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2006). pp. 194-205. Charleston, SC.

• Fürer, M. March 2006. A Faster Algorithm for Finding Maximum Independent Sets in Sparse Graphs. Proceedings of the Seventh Latin American Theoretical Informatics Symposium (LATIN 2006). Springer-Verlag LNCS 3887(1):491-501. Valdivia, Chile.

• Berman, P., M. Fürer, A. Zelikovsky. June 2006. Applications of the Linear Matroid Parity Algorithm to Approximating Steiner Trees. Proceedings of the International Computer Science Symposium in Russia (CSR 2006). Springer-Verlag LNCS 3967(1):70-79. St. Petersburg, Russia.

• Chen, G., F. Li, M. Kandemir, M. J. Irwin. June 2006. Reducing NoC Energy Consumption through Compiler-Directed Channel Voltage Scaling. Proceedings ACM SIGPLAN 2006 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI'06). pp. 193-203. Ottawa, Canada.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Experts in Privacy for Statistical Databases to join CSE in 2007 The success of computerized databases comes hand in hand with the accumulation of large amounts of easily accessible personal information. When used appropriately, aggregate information gleaned from these databases can have substantial social benefits. Hence it is important to understand how one can allow access to global statistics from a database without compromising individuals' privacy. It is clear that there is a fundamental tradeoff between utility and privacy in this context, but the tradeoff is still far from well understood. The area has seen extensive investigation by researchers in the statistics and data mining communities. However, the notions of privacy used are largely ad hoc. They are typically not specified rigorously, and as a result many purportedly private systems are in fact insecure. Recently, Adam Smith and Sofya Raskhodnikova (both joining Penn State in January 2007), together with others at Microsoft Research and Ben-Gurion University, worked on developing a rigorous approach to privacy in statistical databases. The issues are both social and technical. First, how can one quantify a basic notion such as an individuals' privacy? Second, given a set of definitions, can one find protocols which satisfy them? What types of information can be revealed without violating them? The team developed several new protocols for releasing statistical information while guaranteeing that the published data will reveal no information about any one individual in the population being studied [1,2]. For example, this guarantees to a census respondent that she can answer questions honestly, and not fear that her specific information will become available to unscrupulous users of the data, such as marketers or insurance providers.

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Since census data is widely disseminated, it is important to provide such guarantees in order to ensure that respondents provide accurate information. Extending these protocols to cover a wider class of statistics, and understanding the limitations of such protocols, remains an active area of research for Raskhodnikova and Smith.

Sofya Raskhodnikova Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Interests: Design and analysis of sublinear-time algorithms, approximation and randomized algorithms, computational complexity

Adam D. Smith Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Interests: Cryptography and privacy and their connections to diverse fields such as information theory, combinatorics, quantum mechanics, and statistics

Plaque honoring Professor Haskell Brooks Curry

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• Professor Acharya is the associate editor of IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. He is also the chair of the IAPR Technical Committee on Pattern Recognition for Bioinformatics.

• Professor Barlow serves as an associate editor of Computational Statistics

and Data Analysis and Linear Algebra, and ITS Application. Barlow served as chair, Local Arrangements Committee for the Householder Symposium XVI held in Champion, PA, in May 2005, and chair and local organizer at the Sixth International Workshop on Accurate Solution of Eigenvalue Problems (IWASEP VI) held in University Park, PA, in May 2006.

• Professor Berman has served as a program committee member at the

Second International Workshop on Bioinformatics Research and Applications (IWBRA 2006), in conjunction with the International Conference on Computational Science held in Reading, UK in May 2006.

• Professor Cao serves as editor of IEEE Transactions on Mobile

Computing and IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Cao is the general chair of Mobiquitous 2007.

• Professor Carroll serves as the editor-in-chief of ACM Transactions on

Computer-Human Interaction. In 2006, Carroll edited a special issue of Human Computer Interaction on "Foundations of Design."

• Professor Choi serves as an editor of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and

Systems II, the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Journal, and the Journal of Naval Science and Engineering.

• Professor Collins co-chaired an NSF sponsored workshop on Computer

Vision for Interactive and Intelligent Environments at the University of Kentucky in November 2005.

• Professor Das served as the program chair at the Twelfth International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-12) held in Austin, TX, in February 2006. Das also served as the technical committee co-chair at Third IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) held in Vancouver, Canada, in October 2006.

• Professor Fürer is an editor of the Journal of Graph Algorithms and

Applications. • Professor Giles is an editor of IEEE Intelligent Systems, IEEE

Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Machine Learning, Computational Intelligence and Applications, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Neural Networks, and Neural Computation.

• Professor Higgins is an associate editor for IEEE Transactions on Medical

Imaging, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, and Pattern Recognition.

• Professor Hurson is an editor of the Journal of Pervasive and Mobile

Computing. Hurson will be serving as the general co-chair of the Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom 2007) to be held in White Plains, NY, in March 2007.

• Professor Irwin served as the general chair of the ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED

Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES) held in Ottawa, Canada, in June 2006. Professors Irwin serves as founding co-editor-in-chief of the ACM Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, July 2005.

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• Professor Kesidis will serve as the co-chair of the technical program committee at the Twenty-Seventh Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM'07) to be held in Anchorage, AK, in May 2007.

• Professor Kumara serves as an editor of the International Journal of

Advanced Manufacturing Technology. • Professor La Porta was appointed to the Next Generation Networks Task

Force for the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Panel in 2006. La Porta became founding editor-in-chief of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2002-2004. He was also appointed director of magazines, IEEE Communications Society, 2006, and served as general co-chair at the Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2005) held in Cologne, Germany, in August-September 2005.

• Professor Dongwon Lee served as the program committee co-chair at the

First International VLDB Workshop on Clean Databases (CleanDB) held in Seoul, Korea, in September 2006. Lee is serving as a workshop chair at the ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 2007.

• Professor Wang-Chien Lee is serving as the program chair of the Second

International Conference on Scalable Information Systems (INFOSCAE 2007) to be held in Suzhou, China, in June 2007. Lee served as the program committee co-chair at the International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Information Management (P2PIM 2006) held in Hong Kong in May 2006.

• Professor Yanxi Liu is the co-editor of the book on Computer Vision for

Biomedical Image Applications: Current Techniques and Future Trends, Springer-Verlag LNCS, 2005. Liu served as the chair of the Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications: Current Techniques and Future

Trends Workshop (CVBIA) in conjunction with ICCV'05 held in Beijing, China, in October 2005. She has been a chartered member of the Biomedical Computing and Health Informatics Study Section of the National Institute of Health (NIH) for the past three years.

• Professor McDaniel was appointed to the Next Generation Networks Task

Force for the President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Panel in 2006. McDaniel is serving as co-chair of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy in 2007 and 2008. McDaniel served as the program chair of USENIX Security held in Baltimore, MD, in August 2005.

• Professor Miller is on the editorial boards of Genome Research, Journal of

Computational Biology, Comparative and Functional Genomics, and Bioinformatics.

• Professor Narayanan served as program co-chair at the Great Lakes

Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI) held in Philadelphia, PA, in April-May 2006 and the First International Conference on Nano-Networks (Nano-Net 2006) held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in September 2006. Narayanan currently serves as an associate editor of the Journal on Low Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on VLSI, and IEEE Transactions on CAD. He is the founding co-editor-in-chief of the ACM Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, July 2005.

• Professor Raghavan serves as an associate editor, SIAM Journal of

Scientific Computing. She served as the co-chair of the Workshops and Panels Committee at the 2006 Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing held in San Diego, CA, in October 2006. She will serve as the plenary speaker at the Fourth International Conference of Preconditioning Techniques for Large Sparse Matrix Problems to be held in Toulouse, France, in July 2007.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES

53 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE ACTIVITIES

• Professor Ritter serves on the editorial board of Human Factors and AI and Simulation of Behavior Journal. Ritter is the editor of the "Oxford series on Cognitive Models and Architectures." He serves on the Committee on Human-System Design, National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council (NRC), 2005-2007. Ritter also serves on the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) at the National Academy of Sciences' National Research Council (NRC), Soldier Systems Panel, 2004-2006.

• Professor Seif El-Nasr currently serves on the editorial board of the

International Journal of Intelligent Games and Simulation and ACM Computers in Entertainment.

• Professor Sharma serves as the associate editor of IEEE Transactions on

Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. • Professor Sivasubramaniam served as vice-chair, Software Systems

Resource Management at the Twelfth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) held in Minneapolis, MN, in July 2006. He currently serves as associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems and IEEE Transactions on Computers.

• Professor Urgaonkar is serving on the program committee of the Twenty

Sixth International Symposium on Computer Performance, Modeling, Measurements, and Evaluation (Performance 2007) to be held in Cologne, Germany, in October 2007.

• Professor Wang served as the chair for the Eighth ACM International

Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR 2006) held in Santa Barbara, CA, in October 2006.

• Professor Xie served as a program committee member at the First International Conference on Nano-Networks (Nano-Net 2006), held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in September 2006.

• Professor Yen has co-edited a book titled, "Emergent Information

Technologies and Enabling Policies for Counter-Terrorism" with Robert L. Popp, formerly with the U.S. Defense Department. This book was published by Wiley-IEEE Press in 2006.

• Professor Zhu served as the co-chair at the Fourth ACM Workshop on

Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (SASN), in conjunction with the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) held in Alexandria, VA, in October 2006.

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• Professor Acharya was elected as a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering for outstanding achievements in medical and biological engineering.

• Professor Cai is an NSF CAREER Award recipient.

• Professor Cao is an NSF CAREER Award recipient.

• Professor Carroll, a pioneer in human-computer interaction, was elected as a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to human-computer interaction methods and science, a Fellow of ACM for contributions to human-computer interaction, and an Honorary Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Carroll was the fifth recipient of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction Lifetime Achievement Award, the most prestigious research award in human computer interaction in 2003.

• Professor Das was elected as a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to the dependability and performance evaluation of Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks.

• Professor Fonseca was the recipient of the 2006 UCGIS Researcher Award, 2006 "for his highly influential work on ontology-driven geographic information systems." Fonseca also received the 2006 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) summer fellowship.

• Professor Giles received an IBM Distinguished Faculty Award, 2002. Giles was elected as a Fellow of the IEEE for contributions to the theory and practice of neural networks and the International Neural Network Society.

• Professor Higgins was elected as a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to three-dimensional medical imaging and processing.

• Professor Irwin was elected as a Fellow of the ACM for contributions to computer arithmetic, digital signal processing architectures, and electronics CAD and outstanding service to ACM/SIG activities, IEEE for contributions to computer arithmetic and digital signal processing

architectures. Irwin was appointed as a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to VLSI architecture and automated design. She received the 2006 Penn State Howard B. Palmer Faculty Mentoring Award, the 2005 ACM Distinguished Service Award, the 2006 CRA Distinguished Service Award, and the 2005 ACM/SIGDA Distinguished Service Award.

• Professor Jaeger honored with IBM Faculty Award, 2006.

• Professor Kandemir is an NSF CAREER Award recipient.

• Professor Kumara was elected a Fellow of IIE for professional leadership and outstanding contributions to industrial engineering and he is also a Fellow of the IAPE.

• Professor La Porta was elected a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to systems for advanced broadband, mobile data, and mobile telecommunication networks. La Porta was awarded the Thomas Alva Edison Patent Award for Patent #5,953,331, "Wireless Packet System for Efficient Wide Area Network Bandwidth Utilization." He also received the IEEE Computer Society Meritorious Service Award in 2005, IEEE Computer Society Golden Core Member in 2005, and IBM Faculty Award in 2005 and 2006.

• Professor Dongwon Lee received the IBM Eclipse Innovation Award, 2004 and the Microsoft Scientific Data intensive Computing Award, 2005.

• Professor Wang-Chien Lee received the Verizon Laboratories Excellence Award, 2000.

• Professor Peng Liu was the recipient of a Department of Energy CAREER Award.

• Professor McDaniel named Hartz Family Career Development Assistant Professor, Penn State, 2004. McDaniel received the DARPA Bang for the Buck Award in 2002.

• Professor Metzner was elected as a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to reliable data communications.

FACULTY HONORS AND AWARDS

55 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

• Professor Narayanan is an NSF CAREER Award recipient.

• Professor Raghavan received the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Distinguished Scholar Award from Argonne National Laboratory (Department of Energy) and the University of Chicago, in recognition of her contributions towards scalable sparse linear system solution in 2002.

• Professor Ritter received a Fulbright Senior Scholar award to TU Chemnitz, Germany in 2005.

• Professor Sharma is an NSF CAREER Award recipient. He was an award semi-finalist for Discovery Magazine Best Technical Innovation Award.

• Professor Sivasubramaniam is an NSF CAREER Award recipient and received IBM Faculty Partner Awards in 2002, 2004, and 2005.

• Professor Smith received the Apple Distinguished Educator Award from Apple Computer, 2004. He also received the Jan Hawkins Award for Early Career Contributions to Humanistic Research and Scholarship in Learning Technologies from the American Educational Research Association in 2004.

• Professor Wang held the position of PNC Technologies Career Development Endowed Professorship from 2000-2006. He is an NSF CAREER Award recipient.

• Professor Xie received the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Inventor Recognition Award in 2002.

• Professor Yen was elected as a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to fuzzy logic, model identifications, soft computing, artificial intelligence, and reasoning under uncertainty.

Best Paper Awards

• Graduate student Duarte along with Professors Irwin and Narayanan received the 2003 IEEE Circuits and Systems Society VLSI Transactions Best Paper Award for the paper titled, "A Clock Power Model to Evaluate Impact of Architectural and Technology Optimizations."

• Professors Ritter and St. Amant received the Best Applied Paper Prize at the 2004 International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (ICCM) for the paper titled "Automated GOMS-to-ACT-R Model Translation."

• Professors Collins, Yalcin, and Herbert received the 2005 Second Joint IEEE International Workshop on Object Tracking and Classification in and Beyond the Visible Spectrum (OTCBVS’05) Best Paper Award for the paper titled, "Background Estimation under Rapid Gain Change in Thermal Imagery."

• Graduate students Gnanasambandam and Lee along with Professors Kumara and Gautam received the 2005 IERC Best Paper Award in Computer and Information Systems for the paper titled, "A Framework for Performance Control of Distributed Autonomous Agents."

• Graduate student Pirretti along with Professors Kandemir, McDaniel, Narayanan, Brooks, and Zhu received the 2005 ICA DSN Conference Best Paper Award for the paper titled, "The Sleep Deprivation Attack in Sensor Networks: Analysis and Methods of Defense."

• Graduate students Ozturk and Tosun along with Professors Kandemir and Irwin received the 2006 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) Best Paper Award for the paper titled "Multi-level On-chip Memory Hierarchy Design for Embedded Chip Multiprocessors."

• Professors Carroll, Chewar, McCrickard received the 2006 Internet Research Best Paper Award for the paper titled "Analyzing the Social Capital Value Chain in Community Network Interfaces."

• Professors Carroll and Van der Meij received the 2006 IEEE Transactions on Professional Communications Landmark Paper Award for the paper titled "Ten Misconceptions about Minimalism."

FACULTY HONORS AND AWARDS

• Graduate students Kolcu and Kadayif along with Professor Kandemir re-ceived the CC 2002 Best Paper Award for the paper titled, "Compiler-directed I/O Optimization."

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2005-2006 Graduate School Fellowship: Reetuparna Das, Sriram Govindan Paul H. Schweitzer Memorial Graduate Fellowship in Engineering: Soumyasiva Eachempati College of Engineering Fellowship: Youngjae Kim, Huajing Li, Qiujiang Li, Luke St. Clair, James Taylor, Liping Xue Lockheed Martin Graduate Fellowship: David King Center for Academic Computing Fellowship: Gregory Link Glenn E. Singley Memorial Graduate Fellowship in Engineering: Prasanth Mangalagiri Louis S. and Sara S. Michael Endowed Graduate Fellowship in Engineering: Aakrosh Ratan, Aditya Yanamandra Bunton-Waller Graduate Award: Barbara Rivera de Jesus General Electric First-Year Faculty for the Future Fellowship: Barbara Rivera de Jesus Graduate Scholarship for Excellence in Engineering: Barbara Rivera de Jesus University Graduate Fellowship: Luke St. Clair AT&T Wireless Graduate Fellowship: Patrick Traynor Amelia C. Barnes, Andrew Barnes & Kevin Barnes Scholarship: Xiaoxia Wu

Max and Joan Schlienger Graduate Scholarship in Engineering: Xiaoxia Wu Harvey & Geraldine Brush Graduate Fellowship in Engineering: Yang Zhang Alumni Associate Dissertation Award: Guangyu Chen Chris Mader Memorial Scholarship: Tian Liang Lisa Ann Baker Memorial Award: Adam Thompson Raytheon Endowed Scholarship in Computer Science and Engineering: Matthew Martin Lockheed Martin Design Excellence Award: Lincoln Baxter, Brian Blanchard, Maura Dailey, Marcelo Molina, Gregory Rotondi Google Anita Borg Scholarship Competition: Lu Xiao 2006-2007 University Graduate Fellowship: Kevin Butler, Byung Chul Tak College of Engineering Fellowship: Fangfei Chen, Michael V. DeBole, Sharanya Eswaran, Yuan Fang, Shengyan Hong, Bing-Rong Lin, Asit K. Mishra, Joshua S. Schiffman, Srinath Sridharan, Shekhar S. Srikantaiah, Luke St. Clair, Guangyu Sun, Byung Chul Tak, Dharani, Sankar Vijayakumar, Yuanrui Zhang, Shuyi Zheng, Zhichao Zhu Lockheed Martin Graduate Fellowship: Michael V. DeBole National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship: Luke St. Clair

STUDENT HONORS AND AWARDS

57 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

2003

Yixin Chen, Assistant Professor, The University of Mississippi Venkatesh Sarangan, Assistant Professor, Oklahoma State University 2004

Sanjukta Bhowmick, Post-doctoral researcher, Columbia University and Argonne National Laboratory Xidong Deng, Assistant Professor, St. Cloud State University Hui Han, Yahoo Jie Hu, Assistant Professor, New Jersey Institute of Technology Gokul Kandiraju, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Sanshzar Kettebekov, VideoMining Corporation Byung Tae Kang, Samsung, Korea Soontae Kim, Assistant Professor, University of South Florida Seung-Taek Park, Yahoo Research Keita Teranishi, Post-doctoral researcher, Penn State Liangzhong Yin, Motorola Hao Zhu, Assistant Professor, Florida International University 2005 Gyu Sang Choi, Samsung, Korea Sandip Debnath, Microsoft Corporation Vijay Sai Degalahal, Intel, India

J. Adam Fischbach, Assistant Professor, Colby College Sudhanva Gurumurthi, Assistant Professor, University of Virginia Yu (Cathy) Jiao, Postdoctoral Researcher, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN Jin-Ha Kim, Samsung, Korea Lin Li, Intel, Hillsboro, OR Sun-Ho Lim, Assistant Professor, South Dakota State University Chun Liu, AMD Corporation Changyoon Oh, Samsung, Korea Jin Hyeong Park, Siemens Corporate Research Semih Serbetli, Philips Research Yuh Fang Tsai, Intel, Folsom Murali Vilayannur, Argonne National Laboratory Wensheng Zhang, Assistant Professor, Iowa State University 2006

Aman Gayasen, Synopsys, Santa Clara, CA Guangyu Chen, Microsoft, Redmond, WA Jooheung Lee, Assistant Professor, University of Central Florida Greg Link, Assistant Professor, York College, PA Theo Theocharides, Assistant Professor, University of Cyprus Jianyong Zhang, Google

RECENT PH.D. PLACEMENTS

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Professor Bafna is an expert in bioinformatics. He has published on many aspects of this emerging field, including genome rearrangements, multiple alignments, RNA structure, gene finding, DNA signals, mass spectrometric data analysis, and human population genetics. In genome rearrangement, he introduced (with his then-advisor and now UCSD colleague Pavel Pevzner) the breakpoint graph technique that is now commonly used when doing computational analysis of genome rearrangements. In computational proteomics, Bafna made key contributions to the problem of protein identification by devising a scoring function that incorporates ion fragmentation probability as well as instrument error, and an efficient algorithm to compute that score. He led a team at Celera that built a toolkit for identifying and quantifying the Proteome using mass spectrometry. At UCSD, Bafna continues to focus on computational analysis of peptide mass spectra and applications to protein function, and analyzing data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), with applications to therapeutics and diagnostics. His ongoing algorithmic work on haplotype phasing will play an important role in the study of human genetic variations. Bafna has developed numerous toolkits for analyzing peptide sequences and other genomic data, including the Conserved Exon Method for gene finding (CEM) that uses conservation of coding regions in human and mouse genomes to simultaneously find gene structures in both species, and SCOPE and DiffXPro for identifying and quantifying proteins using mass spectrometry data. Bafna joined the UCSD faculty on July 1, 2003, after seven years in the biosciences industry. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Penn

State in 1994, and was a post-doctoral researcher at its Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science for two years. From 1996-99, Bafna was a senior investigator at SmithKline Beecham, conducting research on DNA signaling, target discovery and EST assembly. From 1999 to 2002, he worked at Celera Genomics, ultimately as director of informatics research, at a time when Celera was decoding the human genome. He arrived at the Jacobs School from the Center for Advancement in Genomics, recently set up by Celera founder Craig Venter. Bafna has been on the program committees of the past two annual International Conferences on Research in Computational Biology (RECOMB), and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (JBCB). He received his B.Tech from the Indian Institute of Technology in 1989, and has published two dozen articles in major journals and conference proceedings.

Donna Ghosh obtained her Ph.D. degree in computer science and engineering from the Penn State, University Park, PA, in June 2003 under the guidance of Professor Raj Acharya. Her Ph.D. research work was in the area of Quality-of-Service [QoS] aware large-scale multi-class wired networks, and was awarded the NSF-ITR grant in 2002 in the area of High Speed Networking. She interned at Microsoft Corporation and Telcordia Technologies [formerly known as BellCore] during the course of her graduate studies. She has a patent for her intern work at Microsoft Corporation.

ALUMNI FOCUS

Vineet Bafna, Assistant Professor University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA http://www.cse.uscd.edu/~vbafna Research Interests: Bioinformatics

Donna Ghosh, Staff Engineer Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA Research Interests: Pricing and QoS for wired and wireless networks, cross layer network design, and stochastic modeling and analysis of dynamic linear and non-linear distributed feedback systems

59 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

After graduation, she joined the Corporate Research and Development Department at Qualcomm Incorporated, San Diego, CA, and continues to work there as Staff Engineer in the Systems Design Group. She works on the design of the physical and medium access control [MAC] layers of the reverse link [RL], i.e., communication link from the handset to the base station receiver, of Cdma2000 1xEV-DO systems. cdma2000 1xEV-DO is a well known internationally deployed cdma-based third generation wireless cellular technology that enables high data rate wide-area Internet access. Recently demand has surged for delay-sensitive applications with symmetric data rate requirements such as wireless gaming, video telephony, and voice-over-IP. These new traffic types benefit from high RL spectral efficiency, and in many cases require careful packet scheduling to achieve QoS targets. To address these and other new system requirements, an enhanced DO system, cdma2000 1xEV-DO Revision A [DO-RevA], was standardized in March 2004 by 3GPP2 and TIA. To address wide-band deployments, a multi-carrier version of DO-RevA, cdma2000 1xEV-DO Revision B [DO-RevB] was standardized in March 2006 by 3GPP2 and TIA. Donna Ghosh worked on the design of the QoS based RL traffic channel MAC protocol for DO-RevA and DO-RevB systems. Her design is part of the 3GPP2/TIA standard specification and will be adopted and deployed internationally by vendors using the cdma2000 1xEV-DO technology. This design is a first of its kind QoS-aware multi-class multi-flow feedback-based distributed scheduling scheme in wireless cellular systems for the RL. By virtue of being a distributed scheme, this design minimizes control information overhead between the handset and the base station, while maintaining fairness across calls/flows network-wide. She has several patents in the general area of QoS design under stability constraints for single and multi-carrier wireless communication systems. Her research interests are in the areas of pricing and QoS for wired and wireless networks, cross layer network design, and stochastic modeling and analysis of dynamic linear and non-linear distributed feedback systems.

Professor Hambrusch's research interests are in the area of parallel and distributed computation, data management and data dissemination in wireless environments, and analysis of algorithms. Her research contributions include communication and data dissemination routines for distributed applications, data management techniques for query processing in wireless, mobile environments, and parallel algorithms for image processing and graph problems. Professor Hambrusch's research has been supported by NSF, ONR, Army, DARPA, DoE, and Microsoft Corp. Professor Hambrusch is a member of the editorial board for Parallel Computing and Information Processing Letters, and she also serves on the IEEE Technical Committee on Parallel Processing. Her recognitions include inaugural membership in the Purdue University Book of Great Teachers, a 2003 Outstanding Engineering Alumni Award from Penn State, and 2004 TechPoint Mira Education Award Winner. She serves on the external advisory boards of the College of Computing for Georgia Tech and Department of Computer Science for Virginia Tech. She has been the head of Purdue's Department of Computer Science since July 2002.

ALUMNI FOCUS

Susanne Hambrusch, Professor and Dept. Head Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/seh Outstanding Engineering Alumnus, Penn State, 2003 TechPoint Mira Education Award, 2004 Research Interests: Parallel and distributed computation, data management and data dissemination in wireless environments, and analysis of algorithms

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Michael D. Keebaugh is a Raytheon Company vice president and president of the Intelligence and Information Systems (IIS) business. He was elected to his current position on Aug. 30, 2002. Raytheon Company (NYSE: RTN), with 2005 sales of $21.9 billion, is an industry leader in defense and government electronics, space, information technology, technical services, and business and special mission aircraft. With headquarters in Waltham, MS, Raytheon employs 80,000 people worldwide. Headquartered in Garland, TX, IIS is a leader in intelligence and information technology solutions drawing on capabilities in signals, imaging and geospatial intelligence; air- and space-borne command and control; ground engineering support; and weather and environmental management. Major programs, products and initiatives include MIND, NASA Earth Observing System Data Information System (EOSDIS), Information Dissemination Services-Direct Delivery (IDS-D), National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), U-2, Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS), Tactical Control System (TCS), SONJA, USVISIT and Global Hawk. IIS is also responsible for the development of Raytheon's information solutions strategy and the oversight of Raytheon's Homeland Security business. Major development operations are located in Texas, Colorado, Virginia, Maryland, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Missouri. Keebaugh is a member of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Transformation Advisory Group (T-NAG) and serves on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Science Advisory Board.

Before assuming his current position, Keebaugh was vice president and general manager of the Imagery and Geospatial Systems business unit for the Command and Control, Communications and Information Systems business in February 1998. He was responsible for the management, direction and strategic development of four business areas. In 1996, he was selected as the vice president and general manager at Raytheon's Garland Operation. Before joining Raytheon, Keebaugh was general manager at HRB Systems, responsible for the management of division activities and the acquisition of HRB Systems by E-Systems in 1990. During his 28-year tenure at HRB Systems, he advanced through several key positions, including director of Software Design and Development, vice president of Engineering and vice president of Strategic Development. Keebaugh received a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1967 and a master's degree in computer science in 1971 from Penn State. His honors included memberships in Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Eta Sigma, Pi Mu Epsilon and Upsilon Pi Epsilon. In 2005 he was named an Outstanding Engineering Alumnus by Penn State.

Viktor K. Prasanna (V. K. Prasanna Kumar) is a professor of electrical engineering and a professor of computer science at the University of Southern California (USC). He is also a member of the NSF supported Integrated Media Systems Center (IMSC), an associate member of the Center for Applied Mathematical Sciences (CAMS) and a member of USC-Chevron Texaco

ALUMNI FOCUS

Michael D. Keebaugh, Vice President President, Intelligence and Information Systems Raytheon Company, Garland, TX Outstanding Engineering Alumnus, Penn State, 2005

Viktor K. Prasanna, Professor University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA http://ceng.usc.edu/~prasanna Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engrs. Research Interests: High performance computing, parallel and distributed systems, network computing

61 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Center of Excellence for Research and Academic Training on Interactive Smart Oilfield Technologies (CiSoft) at USC. His research interests include high performance computing, parallel and distributed systems, network computing, and embedded systems. He received his B.S. in electronics engineering from the Bangalore University, M.S. from the School of Automation, Indian Institute of Science, and Ph.D. in computer science from Penn State. Prasanna has published extensively and consulted for industries in the above areas. He is the steering committee co-chair of the International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) [merged IEEE International Parallel Processing Symposium (IPPS) and Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (SPDP)]. He is the steering committee chair of the International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC). In the past he has served on the editorial boards of the IEEE Transactions on VLSI, IEEE Transactions on Parallel Distributed Computing, and Proceedings of the IEEE. He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing and the Journal of Pervasive and Mobile Computing. He is the editor-in-chief of the IEEE Transactions on Computers. He was the founding chair of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Parallel Processing. He is a Fellow of the IEEE.

Amitabh Srivastava is a corporate vice president of the Windows Core Operating System Development and a Microsoft Technical Fellow. Srivastava is responsible for the development of core operating system components like the kernel, the operating system architecture, definition of the engineering processes, and development of advanced tools for automation.

Srivastava joined Microsoft in 1997 as a senior researcher and led the Advanced Development Tools group in Microsoft Research that investigated new techniques to build innovative tools and technologies to improve performance and quality of Microsoft software. His vision and energy led to the creation of the Programmer Productivity Research Center (PPRC) in March 1999, which he has led since its inception. Srivastava's PPRC group, now known as Center for Software Excellence (CSE), has produced several tools and technologies that are critical to Microsoft product groups. Srivastava and his team's work was highlighted in the Forbes Magazine (www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2003/0526/147.html) in May, 2003. In January 2001, Srivastava became one of a select few to be named a Distinguished Engineer, now known as Technical Fellow. He joined a strong Windows team in December 2003 as vice president of the Core OS development to focus on Longhorn, the new operating system. Srivastava's work in defining the Windows engineering process was discussed in the Wall Street Journal in September 2005. Before working for Microsoft, Srivastava was the chief technical officer and vice president of engineering at TracePoint Technology Inc., a spin-off company from Digital Equipment Corp. He joined Digital's Western Research Labs (DEC WRL) in Palo Alto, Calif. in 1991. Srivastava's research on binary code modification at DEC WRL resulted in the creation of TracePoint. Srivastava started his career as a researcher at Texas Instruments Inc.'s Research Labs in Dallas, Texas. He left Penn State's computer science Ph.D. program to work on LISP Machines at Texas Instruments. Srivastava holds twelve patents and has published a variety of papers. His paper on ATOM in PLDI 1994 received the Most Influential PLDI Paper Award in June 2005. He is the author of OM, ATOM and SCOOPS software systems, which have resulted in products for Digital Equipment and Texas Instruments on the Alpha and PC platforms. He led the design and development of Vulcan, a second-generation binary transformation system, at Microsoft. Vulcan is the foundation of a wide variety of tools developed at PPRC.

ALUMNI FOCUS

Amitabh Srivastava, Corporate Vice President, Windows Core Operating System Development Microsoft Corporation http://research.microsoft.com/users/amitabhs/ Microsoft Technical Fellow, 2001 Outstanding Engineering Alumnus, Penn State, 2004 Most Influential PLDI Paper Award, 2005

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Srivastava holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, and a master's degree in computer science from Penn State. He received the 2003-2004 Distinguished Alumnus Award from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, and was selected the 2004 Outstanding Engineering Alumnus of Penn State.

Yanyong Zhang has been an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Rutgers University since 2002. She received her B.S. in computer science at the University of Science and Technology of China and her Ph.D. in computer science from Penn State. Zhang's research focuses on bridging the gap between large-scale parallel/distributed systems and emerging applications that run on these systems. In addition to the performance requirements of the applications, she also emphasizes other requirements such as reliability, robustness, trustworthiness, and availability. Zhang tries to address this challenge at the OS/middleware layer. Specifically, she is examining two broad types of platforms: parallel systems and networked sensor systems. She received an NSF CAREER Award in 2006 on providing robustness to sensor networks. She was a program committee member at the Twelfth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) held in Minneapolis, MN, in July 2006. Zhang has two book chapters awaiting to be printed, six journal papers

published at first-rate journals such as IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Networks, etc. She also has over thirty conference/workshop papers published, including premium conferences such as ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc), International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN), among others. This publication is available in alternative media on request. The Pennsylvania State University is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to programs, facilities, admission, and employment without regard to personal characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications as determined by University policy or by state or federal authorities. It is the policy of the University to maintain an academic and work environment free of discrimination, including harassment. The Pennsylvania State University prohibits discrimination and harassment against any person because of age, ancestry, color, disability or handicap, national origin, race, religious creed, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. Discrimination or harassment against faculty, staff, or students will not be tolerated at The Pennsylvania State University. Direct all inquiries regarding the nondiscrimination policy to the Affirmative Action Director, The Pennsylvania State University, 328 Boucke Building, University Park, PA 16802-5901, Tel (814) 865-4700/V, (814) 863-1150/TTY. Designed, produced, and edited by Jenny Latchford, CSE Department with support from CSE faculty, staff, and students. Printed/produced at Graphtech Printing, 1310 Crooked Hill Road, Suite 800, Harrisburg, PA 17110. U.Ed. ENG 07-46

Yanyong Zhang, Assistant Professor Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~yyzhang NSF CAREER Award, 2006 Research Interests: Sensor networking/computing, fault-tolerant computing, parallel computing, distributed computing, performance evaluation

ALUMNI FOCUS

Department of Computer Science & Engineering 111 Information Sciences & Technology Building

University Park, PA 16802 814-865-9505

www.cse.psu.edu

2006

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