cse 127 week 8 discussion · 2020-05-20 · 1. your laptop uses dhcp (dynamic host configuration...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CSE 127 Week 8 Discussion · 2020-05-20 · 1. Your laptop uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to bootstrap itself on the local network. A. New host doesn’t have an](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042913/5f4bcb00c73ffb6385247bae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CSE127Week8DiscussionArianaMirian
Zoom
PropstoDeian StefanforSlides
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Thisisbeingrecorded
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PA4duetomorrow!
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OverviewofToday
• Overviewoflasttwolectures• Somenewinformation
• BriefoverviewofPA5• ToolsthatmightbehelpfulduringthePA
• Openofficehours(iftime)
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OSI Layers(Open Systems Interconnection)
Application• End user layer• HTTP, FTP, Skype, SSH, SMTP, DNS
Presentation• Syntax, byte order, compression, encryption• SSL, SSH, MPEG, JPEG
Session• Connection establishment and maintenance• APIs, sockets
Transport• End-to-end connections between processes• TCP, UDP
Network• Addressing, routing between nodes• IP
Data Link• Link management, frames• Ethernet, WiFi
Physical• Physical wires• Photons, RF modulation
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Basic Internet Archictecture “Hourglass”Narrow waist = interoperability
IP
Copper Fiber
TCP
FTPHTTPSMTPDNSNTP
IP
Cellular
Radio
WiFi Ethernet
UDP
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Link layer
Physical layer
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
1. YourlaptopusesDHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)tobootstrapitselfonthelocalnetwork.
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
1. YourlaptopusesDHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)tobootstrapitselfonthelocalnetwork.A. Newhostdoesn’thaveanIPaddress,doesn’tknowwhotoask
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
1. YourlaptopusesDHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)tobootstrapitselfonthelocalnetwork.A. Newhostdoesn’thaveanIPaddress,doesn’tknowwhotoaskB. BroadcastsDHCPDISCOVERto255.255.255.255withitsMACaddress
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
1. YourlaptopusesDHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)tobootstrapitselfonthelocalnetwork.A. Newhostdoesn’thaveanIPaddress,doesn’tknowwhotoaskB. BroadcastsDHCPDISCOVERto255.255.255.255withitsMACaddressC. DHCPserverrespondswithconfig:leaseonhostIPaddress,gatewayIP
address,DNSserverinformation
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
2.YourlaptopmakesanARPrequesttolearntheMACaddressofthelocalrouter.
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
2.YourlaptopmakesanARPrequesttolearntheMACaddressofthelocalrouter.
A. Everyconnectionoutsidethelocalnetworkwillbeencapsulatedinalink-layerframewiththelocalrouter’sMACaddressasthedestination.
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Workingexample
Youconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
2.YourlaptopmakesanARPrequesttolearntheMACaddressofthelocalrouter.
A. Everyconnectionoutsidethelocalnetworkwillbeencapsulatedinalink-layerframewiththelocalrouter’sMACaddressasthedestination.
B. YourlaptopencapsulateseachIPpacketinanEthernetframeaddressedtothelocalrouter
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
2.YourlaptopmakesanARPrequesttolearntheMACaddressofthelocalrouter.
A. Everyconnectionoutsidethelocalnetworkwillbeencapsulatedinalink-layerframewiththelocalrouter’sMACaddressasthedestination.
B. YourlaptopencapsulateseachIPpacketinaWIFIEthernetframeaddressedtothelocalrouter
C. Thelocalrouterde-capsulates theseEthernetframesandre-encodesthemtoforwardthemonitsfiberconnectiontoitsupstreamISP,ortoanotherpartofthenetwork.
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
2.YourlaptopmakesanARPrequesttolearntheMACaddressofthelocalrouter.
A. Everyconnectionoutsidethelocalnetworkwillbeencapsulatedinalink-layerframewiththelocalrouter’sMACaddressasthedestination.
B. YourlaptopencapsulateseachIPpacketinaWIFIEthernetframeaddressedtothelocalrouter
C. Thelocalrouterde-capsulates theseEthernetframesandre-encodesthemtoforwardthemonitsfiberconnectiontoitsupstreamISP,ortoanotherpartofthenetwork.
D. Eachhopre-encodesthelinklayerforitsownnetwork.
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
3.YoulaptopdoesaDNSlookuponucsd.eduA. ItlearnedtheIPaddressofaDNSserverfromtherouterorwasalready
hardcodedin(8.8.8.8)
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
3.YoulaptopdoesaDNSlookuponucsd.eduA. ItlearnedtheIPaddressofaDNSserverfromtherouterorwasalready
hardcodedin(8.8.8.8)B. EachrequestisaDNSqueryencapsulatedinoneormoreUDPpackets
encapsulatedinoneormoreIPpackets
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
3.YoulaptopdoesaDNSlookuponucsd.eduA. ItlearnedtheIPaddressofaDNSserverfromtherouterorwasalready
hardcodedin(8.8.8.8)B. EachrequestisaDNSqueryencapsulatedinoneormoreUDPpackets
encapsulatedinoneormoreIPpacketsC. Eachresponsetellsthelaptopwhatauthoritynameserver toquery,untilit
learnsthefinalIPAddress(132.239.180.101)forucsd.edu
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
3.YoulaptopdoesaDNSlookuponucsd.eduA. ItlearnedtheIPaddressofaDNSserverfromtherouterorwasalready
hardcodedin(8.8.8.8)B. EachrequestisaDNSqueryencapsulatedinoneormoreUDPpackets
encapsulatedinoneormoreIPpacketsC. Eachresponsetellsthelaptopwhatauthoritynameserver toquery,untilit
learnsthefinalIPAddress(132.239.180.101)forucsd.eduD. Thisaddressiscached,alongwiththeauthoritiesforthehierarchyinthe
hostname
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
4.YoulaptopopensaTCPconnectionto132.239.180.101
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
4.YoulaptopopensaTCPconnectionto132.239.180.101A. EachpacketoftheTCPhandshakeisencodedinanIPpacketthatis
encodedasEthernetframesthataredecodedandre-encodedastheypassthroughthenetwork
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
4.YoulaptopopensaTCPconnectionto132.239.180.101A. EachpacketoftheTCPhandshakeisencodedinanIPpacketthatis
encodedasEthernetframesthataredecodedandre-encodedastheypassthroughthenetwork
B. ThelocalrouterhasaroutingtablethatcontainsIPprefixesthatitmatchesagainsttheIPaddressthattellsitwhataddresstoforwardthepacketsto
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
4.YoulaptopopensaTCPconnectionto132.239.180.101A. EachpacketoftheTCPhandshakeisencodedinanIPpacketthatis
encodedasEthernetframesthataredecodedandre-encodedastheypassthroughthenetwork
B. ThelocalrouterhasaroutingtablethatcontainsIPprefixesthatitmatchesagainsttheIPaddressthattellsitwhataddresstoforwardthepacketsto
C. ThepacketpassesthroughaseriesofAutonomousSystems(AS)
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
4.YoulaptopopensaTCPconnectionto132.239.180.101A. EachpacketoftheTCPhandshakeisencodedinanIPpacketthatis
encodedasEthernetframesthataredecodedandre-encodedastheypassthroughthenetwork
B. ThelocalrouterhasaroutingtablethatcontainsIPprefixesthatitmatchesagainsttheIPaddressthattellsitwhataddresstoforwardthepacketsto
C. ThepacketpassesthroughaseriesofAutonomousSystems(AS)D. E.g.sbcglobal.net ->att.net ->leve3.net->cenic.net ->ucsd.edu
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WorkingexampleYouconnectyourlaptoptoacaféwifi networkandtypeucsd.edu intoyourbrowser’sURLbar.Whathappens?
5.YourlaptopsendsaHTTPGETrequestinsidetheTCPconnection6.BasedontheHTTPresponse,yourlaptopperformsanewDNSlookup,TCPhandshake,andHTTPGETforeveryresourceintheHTMLasitrenders
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Networkattacksoverview
• DNSCachepoisoning
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https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-over-tls/
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https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/dns-over-tls/
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DNSoverTLSandDNSoverHTTPS
• DNSoverTLS– usesTLSoverUDPtoprotectDNSqueries• Port853
• DNSoverHTTPS– usesHTTPSprotocol/porttotransferDNSqueries• Port443
• Whytwodifferentsolutions?Aren’ttheythesame?• Twodifferentprotocols/groupsofpeoplewritingthem• ProsandConsofeach
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https://blog.chromium.org/2020/05/a-safer-and-more-private-browsing-DoH.html
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Networkattacksoverview
• DNSCachepoisoning• DenialofService• Resourceconsumptionofservice• TCPhandshakesareexpensive
• Networkperimeterdefenses• Heyyou!Getoffmyfirewall!
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PA5Overview!
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PA5overview
• PlannedtobereleasedThursdayorFriday,2weekstofinishit(harddeadlineofJune11th becauseweneedtoturningrades)• Scavengerhunt!YouneedtofindStefan’s“password”• Nothisactualpassword…
• We’llsendyouanemailwithatarfile• Fromthere,needtofigureouthowtogetthepassword• Scavengerhuntsopleasebecautiousofspoilers…cometoofficehoursorutilizeprivatepostsonPiazza
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Overviewoftoolsyoumayneed
• nc• nmap• ssh• tcpdump• wget
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Overviewoftoolsyoumayneed
• Nc – allowsyoutomakeconnectionslocally• Nmap – scanports/IPs(locallyandexternally)• Ssh – connecttoservers• Tcpdump – viewtrafficonmachine• Wget – downloadoffilesfrominternet
• Allofthesehave“man”pages!
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NetCat (shoutout toJuliaEvans)
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Happyhunting!