cscw – module 0 – page 1 p. dillenbourg & n. nova c s c w c omputer supported cooperative...

CSCW – Module 0 – P. Dillenbourg & N. Nova

CComputerSSupportedCCooperativeWWork

Prof. Pierre Dillenbourg

Nicolas Nova

CRAFT – I&C


Groupware

Same Place Different Places

Same Time

(synchronous)

Different Times

(asynchronous)

E-mail, news & forums, FAQs,

Blogs,community portails, reputation systems,voting systems, social navigation, …

Lotus Notes; project managment tools; workflow systems

Argumentation tools,

Single-display groupware;

Mixed reality enviornments

Chat, voice & videoconf.

Whiteboards, shared editors

Distributed games


Example of argumentation tool: Belvedere


Multi-User Game


Single Display Groupware: KidPad


Groupware (collecticiels): tools that support team collaborative process, from small teams to large communities

CSCW: the study concerned with groupware

• how to design groupware?

• how to implement it ?

• does it improve group performances?

• why is it adopted or rejected?

• …


PHASE X

Maia Engeli

Example: Asynchronous Collaborative Workspace

http://space.arch.ethz.ch/ss99/index.phtml?layout=3&img_size=small&show=3&vm=ph


Example of Mixed Reality Groupware:The Envisionment and Discovery Collaboratory

Gerhard FischerCenter for LifeLong Learning & Design (L3D) http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~l3d/Department of Computer Science and Institute of Cognitive ScienceUniversity of Colorado, Boulder



DesignDesign

Implementation

Implementation

AnalysisAnalysis


Examples of designdesign issues

WYSISIS


Non-WYSIWIS environments

require awareness tools



Visualizing group interactions


E. Churchill et al,

FX Palo Alto Lab

Examples of designdesign issues:

Contextualizedchats



Roomware



DesignDesign

Implementation

Implementation

AnalysisAnalysis


Technical features• Groupware architecture: automatically manage processes, interconnections, and communications: security, robustness, access control, … Client server versus peer-to-peer • Groupware abstractions: how to synchronize interaction events and the data model between processes as well as the views presented across displays• Development Tools• Session Management / access control: Mechanisms by which end-users create/join/leave ‘meetings’ and how access to these are restricted/controlled (e-g- “late comers”

Server

Client

Client

Client

Replica

Replica

Replica

Replica



DesignDesign

Implementation

Implementation

AnalysisAnalysis


Example of Analysis

Interwoven turns do not damage chat dialogues

88.5 r1 H page sherlock but what about the gun?

88.8 Priv S 'Hercule which motive jealousy? He would have killed hans no?

89.3 Priv S 'Hercule he stole it when the colonel was in the bar

90.3 r1 H page sherlock Giuzeppe wanted to avoid that one discovers that the painting was fake.

HSSH turns (from Pair 11, translated )

43.5 Bar H Why does Heidi have a motive ?

43.6 Bar S How do you propose we should go further?

43.9 Bar H Should we merge our note books?

44.1 Bar S She said that she didn't like her (and Hans)

HSHS turns (from Pair 12 )


Acknowledgment Delay:

Acknowledgment Rate:

MOO experiment, 20 pairs

39 sec

50%

59 sec.

34 %

Example of Analysis

Co-presence imparts on dialogueCo-presence imparts on dialogue


A

B

C

VIDEO + AUDIO

A

B

C

AUDIO

Example of Analysis: Perceiving my partner’s emotions:

Is video better than audio ?

.62 .70

Ren

é G

lau

s (T

EC

FA),

oct

. 2

00

2

Question to A: Were you nervous ? 1 2 3 4 5 � � � � �Question to B: Was A nervous ? 1 2 3 4 5 � � � � �


Belvedere

Example of Analysis: Perceiving my partner’s emotions:

Is video better than audio ?


VideoSpace (Roussel, 2001)

I see what you see

I see you

+



This course is about the

user side of technology

In CSCW, the user is an organization

See the course. « Human-Computer Interaction » (P. Pu )


CSCW: Objectives

To analyze the impact of a groupware system on the cooperative processes. This requires constructing an experiment and analyzing team interactions with both qualitative

and quantitative data analysis techniques ( project 1)

To specify a groupware system that supports specific teamwork processes. This requires analyzing the process to be supported and understanding the relationship between groupware features (architecture and functionalities) and

cooperative processes. ( project 2)


Part 1. Groupware AnalysisPart 1. Groupware Analysis26.10.2004 1. Coordinating teamwork

Coordination theory, workflows and WF-XML; standard groupware, knowledge management & project management.

PROJECT 1 Learning the experimental

environment, selecting the task and recruiting subjects

02.11.2004 2. Supporting organizations Institutional factors, resistance to change, innovation

management, community platforms, peer rating, networking environments (FOAF,…), reputation systems;…

Running four experiments D1: Data files with actions and

interactions

09.11.2004 3. Mediating informal communication Media spaces, opportunistic communication,

distributed teams

16.11.2004 4. Group Cognition Distributed cognition, group memory. WYSIWIS,

awareness tools, group mirrors, social-network analysis

Building a graphical representations of group interactions

D2: Group representation

23.11.2004 5. Methods for evaluation Experimental methodology; statistics: introduction to

inferential tests.

Analysing experimental data D3: Quantitative data analysis

30.11.2004 6. Dialogue Models Argumentation tools, semi-structured dialogue

interfaces, speech acts theory, turn-taking rules; conversational rules, dialogue grammars …

Dialogue analysis D4: Graphical representation of a

dialogue episode

07.12.2004 7. Shared understanding Psycholinguistics, grounding theories, why do pairs

learn better than individuals?

Analyzing grounding mechanisms D5: Measuring the acknowledgment

rate in the interactions files


PR

OJE

CT 1


PR

OJE

CT 1

Deliverables

1. Experiment (3 weeks)• Find 4 pairs• Run 3 experiments in settings 1• Run 3 experiments in settings 2• D1: Raw data

2. D2: Graphical representation of group interactions3. D3: Quantitative comparison of settings 1 and 24. D4: Qualitative dialogue analysis5. D5: Measuring grounding effort

Report.doc = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5 + Synthesis = 6 pages


PR

OJE

CT 1

Using a groupware environment


Part 2. Roomware DesignPart 2. Roomware Design14.12.2004 8. Design methodology

Usability testing, ethnographical methods, participatory design, contextual inquiry.

PROJECT 2Designing a collaboration table D1: Table shape

21.12.2004 9. Physical collaboration Embodiment, single-display

groupware, roomware, tangibles, phidgets, multi-input device, context aware

Building the table

11.01.2005 10. Nomadic Teams Context awareness; locative devices ;

spatial coordination; proxemics; …

Running experiments with a plastic whiteboard and laptops D2: Videotapes of group interactions

18.01.2005 11. Groupware ArchitecturesArchitectures and development platforms

Designing a groupware for the task & tables

25.01.2005 Finalizing project 2 D3: Paper mock-up of the roomware

01.02.2005 Presenting project 2


PR

OJE

CT 2


whiteboard

video P

RO

JEC

T 2


PR

OJE

CT 2

Deliverables

1. D1: Table Shape2. D2: VideoTape3. D3: Roomware Mock-Up

Presenting D3


Other Course Info

• [email protected]

• [email protected]

• 6 credits significant workload• Mark :

– 60 % : Project 1 (report)– 40 % : Project 2 (presentation)

• Projects: groups of 3• Course

– Lectures: Tuesday 08:15 10:00– Exercices: Tuesday 10:15 12:00 <to be discussed>

• Use the TeamFrame environments (Also accessible on IPAQs)• For next week: mail to Nicolas Team = 3 X [name + sciper # + email]

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