CSCE101 – Op Codes (continued), 4.4, 4.5, 5.2Tuesday, October 31, 2006 and Thursday, November 2, 2006

Secondary Storage

• Floppy disks and zip disks• Hard disks

– How it works– Head crash– Controllers– RAID (Redundant array of independent disks)

• CDs and DVDs– How they work– DVD Zones

Secondary Storage (continued)

• Magnetic Tape

• Cards– Magnetic Strip– Smart Cards– Optical Cards

• Flash Memory– Non-volatile– Cards, sticks, drives

Future Developments in Processing

• Selling processing power

• Nanotechnology - molecules

• Optical computing – or opto-electronic

• DNA computing – DNA strands store information using CTGA

• Quantum computing – atoms

Future Developments in Storage

• Higher-density disks – perpendicular recording

• Polymer memory – probe storage (200 gigabits per square inch)

5.2 –Input Hardware

• Keyboards– Wired or wireless (RF or IR)– Virtual– Specialty

• Mouse– Mechanical– Optical– Specialty

Input Hardware (continued)

• Touch screens

• Pen input– Pen input for handwriting– Light pens– Digitizer with digitizing tablet

• Scanners– Like photocopiers– Dots and bitmaps

Input Hardware (continued)

• Scanners (continued)– Color depth or bit depth (48-bit color depth is

considered high quality.)– Resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi)– Dpi can be 300 X 200 up to 2400 X 2400

• Bar-Code readers– 1D, 2D, 3D

• Mark and character recognition– MICR, OMR, OCR

Input Hardware (continued)

• Fax machines– Dedicated or circuit board

• Bar-Code readers– 1D, 2D, 3D

• Mark and character recognition– MICR, OMR, OCR

Input Hardware (continued)

• Audio input devices– Sound board or MIDI board– Microphone– Speech recognition software

• For computer control• To translate spoken word into text

Input Hardware (continued)

• Video input– Video cameras

• Videoconferencing• Frame-grabber video card or full-motion video

card• Software• Video Camera

– Digital cameras• Photosites on a light-sensitive processor chip

capture images• Light->electrons->bits

Input Hardware (continued)

• Video input (continued)– Digital cameras (continued)

• Can be connected to the computer using a USB or Firewire connection

• Or disk is inserted into computer drive

• Sensors – everywhere and used to monitor environment

• RFID tags – cattle, pets, library books• Biometric input devices – hand scanners,

fingerprint scanner, retinal scanners