csce 101 introduction to computer concepts

CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts

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Lecturer

Benito Mendoza E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: (803) 777-5609 (803) 447-6303

Meeting Time: MW 1:25PM- 2:15PM (Sections 7, 8, and 9)TTH 11:00AM-11:50AM (Sections 10, 11, and

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Office Hours: M 11:30 PM - 1:00 PM T 9:30 AM- 11:00 AM (appointment for other time)

Website: www.cse.sc.edu/~mendoza2/csce101/

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What you’ll learn in this semester

Intro to Information Technology Application and System Software Hardware Networking and Telecommunication

Basics Introductory Coverage of Programming Databases Number Systems Web Design

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Pattern of teaching

We’ll have 50 minutes lectures sessions. Lectures will be focusing on theory

50 minutes of lab sessions Hands-on exercises will be given during labs Hands-on will be related to application programs, covering part of the features

in HTML and MS Office (Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint), programming languages and tools.

With the following schedule:

Section Schedule Instructor

007 F 1:25PM- 2:15PM Sombuddha Poddar

008 F 2:30PM- 3:20PM Ryan Yandle

009 TH 2:00PM- 2:50PM Ryan Yandle

010 W 11:15AM-12:05PM Alicia Ruvinsky

011 W 12:20PM- 1:10PM Maryam Jafari-Lafti

012 W 1:25PM- 2:15PM Alicia Ruvinsky

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Assessment

Homework/Quizzes 10%, Lab 30%, 2 Tests 40% (20% each), Final Exam 20%

The lowest homework/quiz grade will be dropped. Exams are typically a combination of true/false (~ 35% of total

points) and short answer questions (~ 65% of total points). The exams are not trivial and require thorough understanding of the course material.

A cumulative make-up test/quiz will be given at the end of the semester for students who have legitimate excuses confirmed before hand with the instructor.

Absolutely no late work is accepted except for documented emergencies.

The quality of your work and overall effort will greatly affect your assignment grades.

You must pass the lab to pass the course. In other words, you cannot pass the course if you fail the lab even if you have a passing grade for the lecture part of the course.

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Frequently asked questions

Is CSCE101 an easy course? How about textbook?

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Chapter 1 – Expected Outcome

After this lecture, students are expected to be able to

Understand what “being computer savvy” means

Describe the roles of computer in daily life.

Name the different types of computer and briefly describe their common use.

Describe what are software and hardware with examples.

Name the hardware (Input / Output / Process / Storage / Communication) found in typical computer and briefly explain their respective usage.

Give examples on the major types of computer abuse.

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Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing

1. USB Darts (Engadget)

2. USB Eye Massager (Engadget)

3. Flying Alarm (Sleeptracker)

4. USB Slippers (Thanko)

5. Transparent Toaster (Inventables)

6. Spoon (Makezine)

7. USB Gloves (USBGeek)

8. Origami DVD Player (Inventables)

9. Scented MP3 Player (Akihabanews)

10. Roomba (IRobot)

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Pervasive Computing

Effects of pervasive computing Information overload Lesser use of memory & surge is multitasking Privacy concerns “Smart” & “dumb” mobs

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The “Net” Generation

Characteristics of Netgeners Staying connected is essential Multitasking is a way of life Students are impatient and results-oriented (e.g. doing rather than

listening) They gravitate towards group activity

Being Computer Savvy Computer literacy Know how to make better buying decisions, fix ordinary computer

problems, upgrade hardware and integrate it with new products, use the Internet most effectively, protect yourself against cyber villains, advance your career using IT

What is the worse computer problem you’ve encountered? What intimidates you the most about computers?

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Information Technology (IT)

Computer Technology Programmable, multiuse machines that accept data and

process it into information Speeds up problem solving and increases productivity There are various categories of computers with respect to

their size and the way in which they are used

Communications Technology Electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over

long distances Allows for transmission of data over various mediums in a

wired (e.g. via cables) or wireless (e.g. via IR and RF signals) manner

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How is IT being used in Education?

99% of schools have internet access 85% of college students own their own computer ¾ of college students use the internet 4 or more hours

per week ½ of all college professors require students to use

email in their classes Many college classes are either taught online or have

a class websiteDistance Learning is online education

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Health: High Tech for Wellness

Health websites provide medical information Telemedicine: Medical care via telecommunications lets

doctors treat patients from far away 3D Computer models allow accurate tumor location

inside a skull Robots permit precise microsurgery Handheld computers allow patients to measure blood

sugar Medical implants allow stroke patients to directly

control computers to talk for them

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Money: Cashless Society?

Virtual means something that is created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or a computer network

Virtual airline tickets Virtual money

Online bill paying PayPal Electronic payroll deposit Micropayments for online music

How important is security if all your money is virtual?

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How computers change our life?

Communication (Long dist. phone v.s. Skype 1:1->M:M)

Gathering after school -> icq -> msn Entertainment (cinema -> DVD / youtube) Project/Reports (paper-based -> doc / ppt) Activities in daily life:

News: http://www.cnn.com Banking: http://ww.bankofamerica.com Shopping: http://www.amazon.com

http://www.ebay.com/

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Communications

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Communications

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Media / Entertainment

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Media / Entertainment

Computer graphics is used in films nowadays To replace expensive physical models Objects can be duplicated easily Shorten the time-to-market

Examples: Jurassic Park Terminator

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IT in Government & Democracy

Governments can’t control information Individuals can find multiple viewpoints on

internet Email makes it easier to contact the

government Competing websites promote & criticize

politicians www.whitehouse.gov www.whitehouse.org

Blogs are a tool for political candidates

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Jobs & Careers

Hotels: Desk clerks use computerized reservations systems

Law Enforcement: Officers use computers On patrol To check stolen cars To check criminal records To check arrest warrants

Entertainment: Office uses like budgets, payroll, ticketing Also virtual set design, 3-D animation, special

effects

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Jobs & Careers

Office careers: Budget, payroll, letter-writing, email Teaching: Automated grading systems, emailing

parents Fashion: Sales/inventory control systems, ordering,

personnel Job-hunting:

Use word processor to create resumes Post resumes online Online job searches

Can you think of a career that does NOT require computer skills?

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The Telephone Grows Up

1973: First cellphone call 2006: Nokia estimates 2 billion mobile phone

subscribers Today’s cellphones:

Are mobile Can take and send pictures Can connect to the internet Can send and receive text messages

Why are cellphones banned in high-security military bases?

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Internet, World Wide Web, & Cyberspace

Internet The worldwide computer network Links thousands of smaller networks Links educational, commercial, military entities,

and individuals Originally developed to share only text and

numeric data

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World Wide Web The multimedia part of the internet An interconnected system of servers that support

specially formatted documents in multimedia form

Includes text, still images, moving images, sound Responsible for the growth and popularity of the

internet

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Cyberspace Term coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer

(1984) Described a futuristic computer network people

“plugged” into directly with their brains Now means

The web Chat rooms Online diaries (blogs) The wired and wireless communications world

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What’s so special about computer?

What makes computer different from other machines is that:

Computerruns program!By changing the

program (instructions), the same computer can be used to perform different function

(That’s why X-Box can be hacked to run Linux OS)

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Moore’s Law

It is an empirical observation attributed to Gordon Moore, a co-founder of Intel

The number of transistors on integrated circuits (a rough measure of computer processing power) doubles every 18 months

Why and for how long will it hold?

How “fast” will our computers become?

Does processor improvement always yield a faster computer?

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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great & Small: The Categories of Machines

1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Supercomputer

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Supercomputer

Example Application: weather maps, construction of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake prediction, etc.

Fastest, most powerful, most expensive among the categories

Priced from $1 million to $350 million

Suitable for intensive calculations and processing

High-capacity machines with thousands of processors

Multi-user systems To learn more about one, go to

http://www.llnl.gov/asc/computing_resources/bluegenel/bluegene_home.html

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. MicrocontrollersMainframe

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Mainframesmainframes support more simultaneous programs.

But supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe

Until late 1960’s, the only computer availableAllows hundreds of people to have simultaneous computer usage

Multi-user systems; accessed using a terminalProcessing speed: > 1,000,000,000,000 instructions per secondCost $5,000 - $5 millionTerminals only have a keyboard and monitor; can’t be used aloneTo see one, go to

http://www3.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Workstation:

Sun Ultra450

Expensive, powerful computers usually used for complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering calculations and for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing.Workstations provide capabilities comparable to midsize mainframes.

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

HP Compaq Business d220 tower microcomputer

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Compaq Evo desktop microcomputer

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Apple i-Mac computer

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Laptop computer

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

Personal Digital Assistant

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

Perform simple tasksSmall screenInput and output ?

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1. Supercomputers

2. Mainframes

3. Workstations

4. Microcomputers

5. Microcontrollers

DSP: Digital Signal Processor

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How about “Servers” ?

“Server” is not the name of a type of computer…

Generic definition: Server is the party providing

service and Client is the party requesting service

For Example: Server - a machine which stores your email / web page

Clients - PCs, workstations which access mail / webpage (e.g.

running I.E.)

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Roles of Computers

The client-server model Server: central computer that holds

collections of data & programs Processes requests from clients Must be able to handle load E.g. web, e-mail, and file servers

Client: PCs, workstations, and other devices that issue requests and receive data and services from servers

Features: Highly structured Server is a centralized point of

failure

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Roles of Computers

The peer-to-peer (P2P) model Peer = client + server Various degrees of distribution of load

and tasks including the indexed (e.g. Napster), hybrid, and pure P2P (e.g. Gnutella) models

Features: Pooling of resources No single point of failure Flexible structure Reliability, trust, and privacy

concerns Some P2P Systems:

BitTorrent Freenet

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How Computers WorkConcept #1

The purpose of the computer is to process data into information

Data: raw facts and figures Information: data that has been summarized or otherwise manipulated

for use in decision making

Test 1: 85Test 2: 65Final: 95

Total Grade: 83Letter Grade: B

Total Grade = Test 1 x 0.3 + Test 2 x 0.3+Final x 0.4

Input Data Output InfoProcess

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Hardware

All the machinery and equipment in a computer system

Software

All the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task

How Computers Work - Concept #2Computers consist of hardware and software.

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How Computers WorkConcept #3

All computers perform the same five basic tasks

Input Data

Processing

Storage

OutputCommunications

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How Computers Work - Concept #3All computers follow the same five basic operations.

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Keyboard

Mouse

Thanks to the improvement

of technology. Wireless version

is more common

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Case or system cabinet

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Processor chip

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Motherboard

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Primary storage (memory) - RAM Computer circuitry that

temporarily holds data waiting to be processed

Secondary storage (storage) - The area in the computer where

data or information is held permanently

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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Memory chips

1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Zip disk

Floppy disk

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Hard-disk drive

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

CD drive

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Flash Memory and USB Drive

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Sound card

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Speakers

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Monitor

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

Printer

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1. Input

2. Processing

3. Storage

4. Output

5. Communications

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You still need the software!System Software and Application Software

System software

Helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run

(Resource Manager)

and…

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You still need the software! System Software vs. Application Software

Application software

Enables you to perform specific tasks. e.g:

Word Processing Photo Editing Creating web pages Computer Games…

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Building Your Own PC

What would you need? Keyboard & Mouse Inside the system cabinet

Case and power supply Processor chip – the Central Processor Unit (CPU) Memory chips – Random Access Memory (RAM) Motherboard – the system board

1. Memory chips plug in2. Processor chip plugs in3. Motherboard attaches to system cabinet4. Power supply is connected to system cabinet5. Power supply wire is connected to motherboard

Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB

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Storage Hardware: Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip, CD/DVD, USB Storage capacity is represented in bytes

1 byte = 1 character of data 1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters 1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters 1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters 1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters 1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters

Permanently installed: floppy drives, hard drives, Zip drives, CD/DVD drives, USB ports

Removable media: floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs, DVDs, flash drives

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Output hardware Video and sound cards Monitor Speakers Printer Joystick

Communications hardware Modem (internal or external) Network Card

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Software

System Software (Operating System) Must be installed before application software Operating System (OS) options for the PC

Linux Windows Unix

Operating System (OS) options for the Mac Mac OS

Application Software Install after the OS Application depends on OS, for example

Linux applications won’t work on Windows Windows applications won’t work on Linux

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Future of Information Technology

3 directions of Computer Development Miniaturization Speed Affordability

3 directions of Communications Development Connectivity Interactivity Multimedia

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Convergence, Portability, & Personalization

Convergence: the combination of Computers Consumer electronics Entertainment Mass media

Portability Collaboration: software that allows

People to share anything instantly People to enhance the information as they forward it

csce 101 introduction to computer concepts

Documents

typical computer

roles of computer

different types of computer

ordinary computer problems

computer savvy means

major types of computer

easy course

course material