crosswind dependent separations and update on tbs concept...
TRANSCRIPT
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Crosswind dependent separations and update on TBS concept (transitional step)
28-29 June 2010WAKENET 3 EUROPE – 2nd workshopAirbus, Toulouse
Peter CHOROBA, [email protected]
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
2/22
Agenda
• Crosswind operations (CROPS)• High-level generic concept of operations• Initial benefit assessment
• Updated EUROBEN results• LHR wind stability• LHR & CDG benefits
• Safety criteria• Update on Transitional TBS project• LHR LIDAR campaign• Next steps
3/22
Introduction
• CROPS = CRosswind OPerationS
• Implementation project (SESAR IP1) focused on runway use optimisation
• Conditional reduction of separations for departures and arrivals in crosswind operations
• Wake transported by wind away from the following aircraft path
• Atmospheric turbulence is sufficient to enhance the wake decay in a timeframe shorter than ICAO minimum separation
4/22
Who is involved
EUROCONTROL – generic concept validation
Local adaptation:
• BAA - OPS team (ops expertise), R&D (data analysis)• NATS – OPS team (ops expertise), R&D (data analysis, safety
assessment)• UK Met Office – MET expertise, MET data
Consultation:• UK CAA SRG• Airlines• EUROCONTROL Wake Vortex Task Force members
5/22
High-level concept of operations
• Based on CREDOS & ATC-WAKE concepts
• Procedure change only, with limited system support
• Authorise on the runway, during initial climb and on a final approach reduction or suspension of wake turbulence separation (time or distance) between WT pairs (as per ICAO Doc 4444)
• Conditional application – only in specific crosswind conditions
6/22
Separation reduction
• Departures: • Suspension of WT separation, resulting into
spacing of 60-100 sec (depending on SID layout and selection)
• Arrivals: • Reduction by 0.5 NM - low case• Reduction by 1.0 NM - high case
7/22
Required wind conditions
• Surface crosswind component wind is equal to or stronger than X kt
• Wind forecast confirms favourable wind speed and directions for winds aloft for the entire planning period (duration of this period will be shorter for departures = X min and larger for arrivals = Y min)
• No significant MET situations are forecasted• Unfavourable MET conditions will need to be defined,
e.g. thunderstorms, wind shear.
8/22
Expected benefits
• Expected benefits are of tactical nature:• Reduced delays (ground and/or airborne)• Improved RWY resilience
• Benefits dependent on:• Traffic mix (e.g. H-H, H-M pairs)• Wind distribution around the year• Density
9/22
New results based on EUROBEN study*
• Update EUROBEN WP4 wind analysis to include winds from 5 to 10kt (use of 2009 LHR RWY anemometer data)
• Recalculate delay reduction using delay profiles from WP4 using new MET data analysis
• Note difference between CROPS and ATC-WAKE/CREDOS concepts from EUROBEN: • Reduction for H-H pair was 0.5 or 1.0 NM (good match)• Reduction for H-M pair was 1.5 to 2.0 NM
(overestimation of delay reduction for this pair)• Underestimation of benefits due to large applicability
windows (all day, 5h-9h,9h-15h,15h-22h)
* Ref.: EUROBEN deliverables WP3, WP4 D4.1 & D4.2, 2006
10/22
New results based on EUROBEN study - Annual delay reduction at LHR
4 694(0.4%)
2 548(0.2%)
6 125(0.4%)
5 482(0.4%)
10 kt
9388(0.9%)
5 095(0.5%)
12 249(0.8%)
10 965(0.7%)
9 kt
13750(1.3%)
7643(0.7%)
18 513(1.1%)
16 644(1.2%)
8 kt
33 149(3.1%)
19 163(1.8%)
50 414(3.4%)
45 508(3%)
7 kt
70 894(6.6%)
41 705(3.9%)
118 954(7.9%)
107 624(7.2%)
6 kt
112 420(10.4%)
67 514(6.3%)
201 451(13.4%)
182 588(12.2%)
5 kt
High case
Low case
High case
Low case
CROPS – departures
CROPS – arrivals
Annual delay reduction in minutes(% reduction of annual delay)
Crosswind threshold
11/22
36,7%
34,2%
32,5%
31,1%
29,1%
27,8%
25,8%
27,4%
25,1%
23,5%
22,1%
20,5%
19,3%
17,8%
19,4%
17,4%
16,0%
15,0%
13,6%
12,5%
11,1%
13,5%
11,8%
10,7%
9,9%
8,6%7,9%
7,0%
8,9%
7,6%6,7%
6,1%5,4%
4,8%4,1%
5,7%
4,7%4,1%
3,6%3,0%
2,5%2,0%
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
5 10 15 20 30 40 60
Minimum duration of crosswind component conditions (in minutes)
Cumulative occurence of crosswind component as % of total hours of operations
(1 year of anemometer data - Q4/08-Q3/09)
%_5kt %_6kt %_7kt %_8kt %_9kt %_10kt
Initial high-level X-wind component stability analysis for LHR
Departures Arrivals
12/22
Results from analytical modelling for LHR and CDG airports
• WT reduction by 1.0 NM for H-H and H-M pairs only• Arrivals only• OPS data correlated with one year of RWY anemometer
data for crosswind criteria from 5 to 10 kt• Two groups of benefits assessed:
• Real – only taking into account H-H and H-M pairs separated close to ICAO separation (+20 seconds max)
• Max – taking into account all H-H and H-M pairs with full distribution of separations
• Sum of total separations saved – converted to potentially gained slots => tactical benefit only => resulting in reduction of airborne delay if wind conditions are met
13/22
Potentially gained arrival slots in 1 yearper one RWY
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
5kt 6kt 7kt 8kt 9kt 10kt
Crosswind threshold
Number of potentially gained slots in 1 year per one
arrival runway with CROPS operations
CDG max
CDG real
LHR max
LHR real
14/22
Annual % of potentially gained arrival slots per one RWY
0,00%
0,50%
1,00%
1,50%
2,00%
2,50%
3,00%
3,50%
4,00%
4,50%
5,00%
5 6 7 8 9 10
Crosswind threshold
Annual % of potentially gained slots per one arrival
runway with CROPS operations (no HW)
CDG max
CDG real
LHR max
LHR real
15/22
Safety criteria
• Safety assessment activities are on-going
• Relative risk assessment criteria is proposed:
• WT risk per movement for a follower on final approach with reduced separations in crosswind conditions (CROPS procedure) being equal to or less than that of current ICAO approved in-trail WT risk (in calm wind conditions)
16/22
Transitional TBS – current status
• Full TBS concept• Initial validation of the concept undertaken by
EUROCONTROL and NATS UK• Further development undertaken in SESAR P6.8.1
Phase 1 – TBS – 2010-2012
• Transitional step towards full TBS (IP1 improvement)• Draft concept of operations discussed with stakeholders• Generic safety case under development
17/22
Transitional TBS – current status
• Specific reduction of ICAO DBS in specified headwinds• Reduction by 0.5nm
• Only on final approach• Between wake turbulence separated a/c pairs• Applied without new controller support tool (on/off
procedure)• Reliable MET information is essential:
• Approx. 15kt headwind component required on final approach
• Wind forecast for winds aloft
18/22
27R 008
27L 168~1550m
~1516m
~635m
~796m
Vortex tracks + Crosswind
Vortex tracks + Crosswind
Headwind (from 2 to 15 deg)
VAD scan since March 2010
+ RWY anemometer data & METAR
19/2219 / 57
Phase 1 (300ft) Oct 08 – Sept 10
27L + 27R
LIDAR
Phase 2 (1000ft) Sept 10 – Oct 11
27L + 27R
LIDAR
NGEOGE
LIDAR positions are only schematic
20/22
Next steps
• Finalise Concept of Operations & OSED
• Refine benefit assessment for CROPS• TAAM simulations for generic airport model• HERMES simulations for LHR – on-going
• Develop Safety Case – CROPS – Initial planning
• Safety Plan – on-going• Safety assessment - starting• Preliminary Safety Case• Guidance material for local SC
• Continue collaboration with local stakeholders addressing adaptation of generic concept to local conditions (LHR)
The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
Thank you for your attention!