crossing the bridge: natural areas & human health · 2017-01-20 · crossing the bridge:...
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Crossing the Bridge:
Natural Areas & Human Health
Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D.Research Social Scientist
University of Washington (Seattle)School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUSFS Pacific NW Research Station
Urban Natural Areas Seminar
12 January 2017
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SYSTEMS THINKING
AIRQUALITYSTORMWATER
WASTEWATER
SOLIDWASTE
CULTURALHERITAGE
BIOTA
EXERCISE&FITNESS
ACTIVEMOBILITY
CARBON
ENERGY
HEATISLAND
CONNECTVITY
SOCIALCAPITALALLERGENS
BMP’S
COMMUNITYIDENTITY
PUBLICART
NOISE
credit: American Planning Association
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WHO Health Definition
A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity (1946)
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Determinants of Health
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Landscape
Community
Gardencredit: Ignacio Bunster-Ossa
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Diversity in Metro Nature
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x x
including natural areas
public access?
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evidence of health benefits?
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Sponsors:
USDA Forest Service, U&CF Program
University of Washington
NGO partners
Thanks!
to U of WA students:
Katrina Flora
Mary Ann Rozance
Sarah Krueger
www.greenhealth.washington.edu
Research Reviews & Summaries
Green Cities: Good Health
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co-author:
design by:
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Green Cities: Good Healthdatabase of >4,000 peer reviewed publications
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how to interpret the evidence?
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16
Discovery: Human Health Benefits Across the Life Cycle
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Urban Forests and Newbornsthe natural environment affects pregnancy outcomes . . .
10% increase in tree-canopy coverwithin 50m of a house
= lower number of low weight births (1.42 per 1000 births)
Donovan et al., Health & Place 2011;
Hystad et al., Env Health Perspectives 2014
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Hygiene Hypothesispresence of soil bacteria in body, Mycobacterium vaccae = increased seratoninmay alleviate depressiondirt or Prozac?
Lowry et al. 2007. Neuroscience
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Eat Dirt!
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WalkingProgramschildreneldersfamilies
walkingmeetings
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Shinrin yoku (forest bathing)
• extensive research
• restorative experiences
• workers retirees
• networkedsystem, 52 bases in Japan
complexity - productivity
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evidence of lower frustration and higher meditation when moving into the greener streets
Green Streets for Walkability
23
Aspinall et al. 2013. The Urban Brain: Analysing Outdoor Physical Activity with Mobile EEG. British Journal of Sports Medicine
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Improving Depression20 adults with major depression walk in a park setting and a built setting
50-minute walks one week apartbefore-after testing:
Mood: Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS)Cognition: Backward Digit Span (BDS)
Berman et al. 2012. Journal of Affective
Disorders
cognitive and affective improvements after walking in a nature setting
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Alzheimer’s Disease & DementiaProvide wander gardens & horticulture therapy
10.5% reduction in amount of medications used in dementia facility30% fewer falls, accompanied by a reduction in fall severity
Detweiler et al. 2009. American Journal of
Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias
www.rph.org/eden.html
Tim Lynch Associates
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• Iraq/Afghan wars: Brain injury and PTSD in 30% of force
• Military/Vet suicides: 20% of all U.S. suicides• Drugs and surgery relatively ineffective
project support: The TKF Foundation, Nature Sacred program
slides credit: Frederick Foote, M.D. Project Manager for the Green Road Project
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
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The Green Road: Healing with Wild Nature
Natural woodlandMaximum encounter, minimum disruptionHighlight core elements
Water – Stone – Trees - Animals
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woodydebris::fallentreetrunkssymbolizethefallensoldiers’legacyinconflicts
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Streamrestorationhealsthelandscapeandinvitesaccesstothewater
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Green Road Research Team
measures of veterans (and associates):
cognitionmental health physiology and healingsocial
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Veterans Outdoor Therapy
Les Winkeler/The Southern Illinoisan World-Herald News Service
Outward BoundHope for the Warriors
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Military Service & Health Impacts
• Military service to civilian transition• Prevalence of Stress Response• Service carry-overs
• Purpose/mission oriented• High commitment & exertion• Advanced skill sets• Social cohesion/comraderie
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urban forest restoration
Civic Stewardship for Healing
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community tree
plantings
parks
public gardens
street trees
neighborhood
American Forests Tree People, Los Angeles
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community
gardens
local food
food security
child education
nutrition
food donations
Keep Oakland Beautiful
The Heights Community Garden, Dayton OH
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why is this important?
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Economic Values!Wolf, K.L. 2016. Uncovering benefits of the urban forest: A look at how urban forestry investment assists local economies, public health. Properties Magazine 70, 2: 55-57.Wolf, K.L., M.K. Measells, and S.C. Grado. (in review). Economics of nearby nature and elder health: A quantitative review. Environmental Health Perspectives.Wolf, K.L., M.K. Measells, S.C. Grado, and A.S.T. Robbins. 2015. Economic values of metro nature health benefits: A life course approach. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 14: 694-701.Wolf, K.L., and A.S.T. Robbins. 2015. Metro nature, environmental health, and economic value. Environmental Health Perspectives 123, 5: 390-8.Wolf, K.L. 2015. Green strategies to improve public health and save billions. International Innovations 195: 54-55.Wolf, K.L. 2013. The urban forest. Communities & Banking 24, 2: 25-27.* Research and publications were funded in part by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, National Urban and Community Forestry program, as recommended by the National Urban and Community Forestry Advisory Council (NUCFAC).
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annual value of $11.7 billion
U.S. (2015 dollars)
• cradle to grave human life cycle• varied expressions of urban greening
(metro nature)• evidence based human health and
wellness benefits• just beginning the analysis!
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printing:
design:
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contributing analysts: Dr. Stephen Grado & Marcus Measells, MSU; Dr. Alicia Robbins, Weyerhaueser
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the suggestion?
co-design for co-benefits
consider user & visitor benefits
welcome but guide
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making sense & legibilitycues to careright amount of complexity
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The Green Road, Bethesda
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Summary• evidence-based human health &
wellness benefits• across the human life cycle, from
cradle to grave
• economic values• co-design for co-benefits of natural
areas
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