NETWORK PROJECT ON “HARVESTING, PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF

NATURAL RESIN AND GUMS"

CENTRE: Department of Forest Products, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP)

Crop/Activity assigned: Rosin (Oleoresin from Chirpine)

Principal Investigator : Dr Kulwant Rai Sharma Co- Principal Investigator : Dr Bhupender Dutt

Research/Technical Man Power Name Designation From To

Dr. Narender Thakur Research Associate 07-11-2009 23-06-2010

Dr. Chander Lekha Research Associate 12-08-2010 26-04-2014

Dr. Suresh Kumar Research Associate 21-06-2014 Contd.

OBJECTIVES To carry out survey for collection and documentation of information on present status

of production, processing, marketing, utilization & characterization of gum arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, guggul and rosin.

Identification of technological gaps in harvesting/tapping, post harvest processing and value addition of gum Arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, guggul and rosin.

To develop agro-forestry models based on gum, resin and gum-resin trees.

Salient achievements:

• Bore Hole Method a new method has been experimented and standardized. This method involves drilling holes into the wood to open the maximum number of resin ducts. The advantages of this technique over conventional methods include higher labour productivity, improved product quality and reduced tree stress.

• The tree diameter and number of boreholes has significant effect on oleoresin yield. Highest oleoresin yield has been obtained from 40-45cm and 45-50 cm diameter class.

• High resin yielders have maximum number of vertical and horizontal resin ducts. The number of epithelial cells in vertical and horizontal resin ducts was found to be highest in high resin yielders as compare to medium and low resin yielders.

• Oleoresin yield was highly significantly and positively correlated with needle thickness, needle length, number of vertical resin ducts, diameter of vertical resin ducts, number of epithelium cells in a vertical resin duct, number of horizontal resin ducts, diameter of horizontal resin duct and number of epithelium cells in a horizontal resin duct.

• Experiment has been laid out on resin tapping potential of chir pine progenies of superior trees. Among 22 progenies of Pinus roxburghii selected for tapping, Kopra-P5 has performed best in oleoresin yield (1527.5 g/season).

• Higher oleoresin yielders have been recorded in progenies having dark green (136 A) needle colour, followed by green (137 B) needle colour. Progenies with yellowish- green (145 A) needles have given lowest oleoresin yield.

• Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients have been found to be significant for oleoresin vs needle length, oleoresin yield vs needle thickness, oleoresin yield vs number of stomata per mm of a row.

• In factor analysis technique, first factor (oleoresin yield, needle length, needle thickness, number of stomatal rows on round surface) had variance of 2.39 (39.78% of total variation), second factor (number of stomata per mm of a row) had variance of 1.17 (19.45% of total variation) and third factor (bark thickness) had variance of 1.01 (16.90% of total variation) which aggregated to 76.13 per cent of total variation.

• Out of five characters (bark thickness, needle length, needle thickness, number of stomatal rows on round surface and number of stomata per mm of a row) , three characters have been found to be significant in the multivariate analysis, thus oleoresin yield can be predicted on the basis of three characters i.e., needle length, needle thickness and number of stomata per mm of a row.

• The maximum oleoresin yield of 2.667kg/tree in 40-45 cm diameter class was recorded in research experiment laid out on multiple borehole method of oleoresin tapping in chir pine at Bhota and Minimum oleoresin yield of 1.063kg/tree was recorded in 30-35 cm diameter class.

• The trees with yellow (13 B) colour oleoresin are found to be higher yielder, followed by trees with yellowish-white colour (10 B). Trees with white (155 A & B) colour oleoresin have been observed to be poor yielder.

• Highest turpentine content was recorded in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May and lowest turpentine content was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of September, whereas, the maximum rosin content was recorded in white colour oleoresin.

• The canopy parameters such as leaf area index, mean leaf angle varied significantly among different progenies.

• The tree diameter and number of boreholes has significant effect on oleoresin yield. Highest oleoresin yield has been obtained from 40-45cm and minimum from 30-35 cm diameter class.

• The highest melting point of 77.940C was observed in rosin of white colour oleoresin in the month of June and lowest melting point of 64.000C was found in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of March

• Highest turpentine content was recorded in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May and lowest turpentine content was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of July, whereas, the maximum rosin content was recorded in white colour oleoresin.

• The highest viscosity (25330 cps) was observed in white colour oleoresin in the month of July and lowest viscosity (6000cps) was found in yellow colour oleoresin in the month of May.

• Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between oleoresin yield and temperature. The rainfall had negative and non-significant correlation with oleoresin yield.

Events:

i. Organized: Second Coordination Meeting of Network Project on “Harvesting, Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums”

ii. Training: - Deputy Rangers from Forest Training Institute and RC, Sundernagar (HP) were trained for oleoresin tapping using Borehole Method on 09-07-2014.

- Dr Rajappa, Scientist, Dr Jimmy, RA and Sh. Arjun, TSM from ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Umiam (Barapani), Meghalaya-793 103 were given training on Oleoresin Tapping Technology w.e.f. 21-08-2014 to 26-08-2014.

iii. Forthcoming: Sixth Coordination Meeting of Network Project on “Harvesting,

Processing and Value Addition of Natural Resins and Gums” fixed at Parbani, Maharastra (date yet to be decided)  

g. PUBLICATIONS Research papers published:  Sharma KR 2009. Stem oleoresin tapping potential of Pines in India. In: Ethnoforestry: The

Future of Indian Forestry (Edt. by S.C. Tiwari). Published by Bishen Singh Mohendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India. pp: 243-262.

Lekh C and Sharma KR 2010. Healing of boreholes in Pinus roxburghii Sargent (Chir

pine). The Indian Forester. 136 (3): 369-374. Lekha C and Sharma KR 2010. Effect of borehole freshening on oleoresin yield in chir pine

(Pinus roxburghii Sargent). Ecology and Environment. 28(1):107-111. Lekha C and Sharma KR 2011. Anatomical studies on healed boreholes in Pinus roxburghii

Sargent. The Indian Forester. 137(9):1062-1065. Sharma KR Murtem G. and Lekha C 2011. Effect of morphological and environmental

parameters on oleoresin yield in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent). The Indian Forester (Sent).

Sharma KR and Lekha C 2012. Rosin-Oleoresin from Indian Pines. Review article. IINRG Ranchi (Sent).

Sharma KR, Dutt B and Lekha C 2011. Potential Gum and Resin Yielding Trees of Himachal Pradesh. (Book Chapter).

Sharma KR, Dutt B and Lekha C 2011. Pharmaceutically Important Gum and Resin

Yielding Herbs of India (Book Chapter). Sharma KR and Lekha C. 2011. Pine Oleoresin tapping technologies in Himachal Pradesh.

ENVIS Forestry Bulletin 11(1):74-78 Prasad N, Sharma KR, Gupta R and Thomas, M. 2012. Mechanization of natural gums and

resin tapping. Journal of Non Timber Forest Products. 19(4):279-289. Sharma KR and Lekha C. 2013.  Tapping of Pinus Roxburghii (Chir Pine) for Oleoresin in

Himachal Pradesh, India. Advances in Forestry Letters. 2 (3): 51-55.  Sharma KR, Murtem G and Lekha C 2013. Effect of morphological and environmental

parameters on oleoresin yield in chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent). The Indian Forester. 139 (6): 525-529.

Sikarwar R, Rajawat BS and Sharma KR 2014. Studies on relationship between Stomatal

density and oleoresin yield in Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent) International Journal of Advanced Research 2 (3): 751-758.

    

Research papers presented in Seminar/Symposium: Barthwal S, Rawat A, Ginwal HS, Khurana DK and Sharma KR 2011 Studies on molecular

marker development for oleoresin production in Pinus roxburghii Sarg. 1st Indian Forest Congress 22-25 Nov 2011, New Delhi (oral presentation)

Sharma KR, Lead lecture on Chir ral ka utpadan, presanskaran evam sambardhan.

Workshop on “Prakirtik ral evam gond” on 5.3.2014 at IINRG (ICVAR), Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Extension folder:

Sharma KR and Lekha C. 2012. Borehole method for oleoresin tapping in chir pine. [Brochure bilingual], Department of Forest Products, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, (Solan) 4pp.

Dhiman KR 2011. Borehole method of resin extraction. The Tribune, Chandigarh,

India, Himachal Pradesh edition of 22nd Feb, 2011.

Sharma KR 2011. Ab chhalni nahin honge chir ke paudhen. Denik Bhasker newspaper of 20th June 2011. (Appended)

Sharma KR 2011. Borehole vidhi se nikala jayega biroja. Punjab kesri (Hamirpur

Kesri). Newspaper of 20th June 2011. (Appended)

Sharma KR 2014. Chir aur gavar ral kisanon ke liye faydemand. Hindustan. Newspaper of 6th March 2014. (Appended)

Sharma KR 2014. Aadhunik tarike se braye utpadan. Denik jagran. Newspaper of 6th March 2014. (Appended)

Sharma KR 2014. Tapedik se bachane wale chir ki umr baregi. Denik jagran. Newspaper of 14th July 2014. (Appended)

  Video films: Two (On Oleoresin tapping technologies both in Hindi and English)

  TV/Radio Telecast: 5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Borehole Method

PHOTO GALLERY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rosin

Oleoresin colours

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Turpentine

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wind Broken Tree Weaken by French Cup & Lip Method 

French Cup & Lip Method 

Rill Method

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Multiple Borehole Method

Recording of Morphological data

2nd Coordination Meeting held at Department of Forest Products, UHF, Nauni, Solan (17th &18th August 2010) 

Field Visit of Delegates of Coordination Meeting

 

 

  Experiments on Freshening

 

 

 

Visit of Project Coordinator to the Experimental Fields

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4th coordination meeting Held at IINRG, Ranchi (14th & 15th Sep. 2012)

 

 

 

 

 

Healing of borehole

Viscosity Determination

Hemispherical photographs

 5th coordination meeting Held at JNKVV, Jabalpur (8th & 9th October 2013)

Field visit of Trainees to the demonstration areas

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Newspapers Clippings