crop scouting basics - women in agriculture | nebraska · 2020-02-19 · •round up ready 2 xtend-...
TRANSCRIPT
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
1
Crop Scouting BasicsUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension
Sarah Sivits , Megan Taylor, Jenny Rees
1. What pattern would you use to scout your field?
• A = around the perimeter
• B = X pattern
• C = 55 mph drive by
• D = Z pattern
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
2
2. Soybean Gall Midge Larvae are Most Likely Found?
• A = In the roots
• B =In the middle of the plant
• C = At the top of the plant
• D = At the bottom of the plant near ground level
A
3. Palmer Amaranth has a _______ Petiole Compared to Waterhemp?
• A = Same Length
• B = Longer Length
• C= Shorter Length
B
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
3
4. What is the economic threshold of soybean aphids?
• A = 100
• B = 250
• C = 50
• D = 328
5. What is this soybean foliar symptom?
• A = PPO damage
• B = frog eye leaf spot
• C = Soybean mosaic virus
• D = dicamba drift
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
4
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
5
Types of Pests
Weeds Diseases Insects
Photos courtesy Megan Taylor
Pest Development and Biology
• Insects—complete or gradual metamorphosis
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
6
Thistle Caterpillar
Complete Metamorphosis
Stink Bugs
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
7
Soybean Gall Midge
Damage in Field
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
8
The Big Five
• Western Bean Cutworm (WBC)
• Soybean Gall Midge
• European Corn Borer
• Aphids
• Japanese Beetles
Pest Development and Biology
Environment Pathogen
Host
Disease
• Diseases—understanding the disease triangle
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
9
Sudden Death Syndrome
Frogeye Leaf Spot
Gray Leaf Spot
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
10
2019 - QoI Fungicide Resistance Confirmed in Cercospora sojinacausing Frogeye Leaf Spot in 10 Nebraska Counties
Neves, D., Jackson-Ziems, T., and Bradley, C. 2019.
#IRPests
FUNGICIDE
RESISTANCE
IS HERE!
Ribbet-ing
Pest Development and Biology• Weeds - annuals, biennials, perennials
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
11
Palmer Amaranth• Most problematic weed (32 states)
• High water use efficiency
• High photosynthesis rate (96°F-120°F)
Male
Female
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
12
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
13
Integrated Pest Management
• Broad based approach
• Integration of practices for economic control of pests
Type of Pest
Management Thresholds
Resistance Management
Type of Control Method
IPM
IPM Steps
1. Identify pest
2. Evaluate pest damage
3. Determine need for controls
4. Consider multiple control options
5. Select best combination of control options
6. Monitor your selection
Control
Resistance/
TolerancePhysical/
Mechanical
Cultural
Biological
Chemical
Regulatory
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
14
Management
Biological Control
Photo Cred: W. Archibald, J. Peterson
Photos courtesy Julie Peterson
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
15
Management Thresholds
• Aesthetic
• Action
• Economic
Economic Threshold
Figure credit: Ed Zaborski, University of Illinois.
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
16
Application of economic thresholds
• Soybean Aphids-250 aphids per plant reaches ET
• What about Frogeye and White Mold?• Risk Management Thresholds
• Iwilltakeaction.com
Risk Thresholds
www.iwilltakeaction.com
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
17
Application of economic thresholds
Economic thresholds for bean leaf beetles
in soybeans at the V1 stage.
Management costs
Crop Value $6 $8 $10 $12
Threshold number of beetles/plant
$7 3 4 5 6
$8 3 3 4 5
$9 2 3 4 4
$10 2 3 3 4
Source: Tom Hunt University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Pesticide Resistance Development• Application of a pesticide creates selection pressure,
leading to survival of individuals that possess genes conferring resistance
• Percentage of population with resistance increases with selection over time
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
18
Frogeye Leaf Spot
Questions for Trivapro Fungicide Label (selected pages)• 4. What potential hazards to the environment exist when using this pesticide?
• 6. If a restricted-entry interval (REI) is present, what is the REI?
• 8. List the different methods of application that can be used?
• 9. What (soybean) pest(s) does this product aim to controlled? List at least three pests controlled
• Extra: What does the label state about resistance management
• DEQ and NDA want a level of competency for reading and understanding what is on a pesticide label
Cost of Resistance • Obsolete technology• Increased pest pressure• Increased cost of production for growers
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
19
Soybean Trait Selection
• Soybean Traits • Round Up Ready 2 Xtend- Glyphosate and Dicamba
• Enlist E3- 2-4D choline, Glyphosate, and Liberty
• Liberty Link GT27- Glyphosate, Liberty, and HPPD
• Roundup Ready 2 Yield- Glyphosate• Liberty Link- Glufosinate
• Conventional-no herbicide resistance
• WG 127-140
Resistance Management • Accurate identification of pest • Multiple modes of action• Timing • Crop rotation
• https://iwilltakeaction.com/
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
20
Weed Guide Picture
Scouting Activity
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
21
Field Results—Soybeans
Diseases
• Frogeye Leaf Spot
• Sclerotinia Stem Rot (White Mold)
• Sudden Death Syndrome
Insects
• Aphids
• Dectes Stem Borer
• Thistle Caterpillar
Field Results—Soybeans
Deficiencies/Other• Iron Deficiency
• Soybean Cyst Nematodes
Herbicide Injury• PPO Inhibitors
• ALS Inhibitors
• Photosystem II Inhibitors
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
22
Field Results—Corn
Diseases• Gray Leaf Spot
• Northern Corn Leaf Blight
• Common Rust
Insects• Spider Mites
• European Corn Borer
• Western Bean Cutworm
Field Diseases—Corn
Deficiencies/Other
• Nitrogen Deficiency
• Potassium Deficiency
• Wind/Hail Damage
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
23
Speed scouting apps available
•First generation European corn borer•Second generation European corn borer•Western bean cutworm•Soybean aphid
•https://extension.unl.edu/extension-apps/
Speed scouting apps
This spreadsheet is designed to be used in the field on mobile devices, allowing the user to make management decisions immediately after scouting. Speed scouting is one method for determining whether soybean aphids have reached the treatment threshold of 250 aphids per plant. It relies on the
number of "infested" plants rather than estimating the number of aphids on each plant. Plants are considered "infested" if there are 40 or more aphids on the plant. After inputting your field information, the spreadsheet will suggest the next step: "Resample in 7-10 days," "Sample 5 more plants," or "Treat,
confirm in 3-4 days."
Wayne J. Ohnesorg, Extension Educator; Thomas E. Hunt, Extension Entomologist;
and Robert J. Wright, Extension Entomologist
EC 1582
Soybean Aphid Speed Scouting Spreadsheet
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
24
1. What pattern would you use to scout your field?
• A = around the perimeter
• B = X pattern
• C = 55 mph drive by
• D = Z pattern
2. Soybean Gall Midge Larvae are Most Likely Found?
• A = In the roots
• B =In the middle of the plant
• C = At the top of the plant
• D = At the bottom of the plant near ground level
A
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
25
3. Palmer Amaranth has a _______ Petiole Compared to Waterhemp?
• A = Same Length
• B = Longer Length
• C= Shorter Length
B
4. What is the economic threshold of soybean aphids?
• A = 100
• B = 250
• C = 50
• D = 328
Jennifer Rees, Sarah Sivits, and Megan TaylorNebraska Extension Educators
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
26
5. What is this soybean foliar symptom?
• A = PPO damage
• B = frog eye leaf spot
• C = Soybean mosaic virus
• D = dicamba drift
Questions?
• Check out UNL CropWatch https://cropwatch.unl.edu/
• Check PSEP (Pesticide Safety Education Program) for more information https://pested.unl.edu/ipmpolicy
• Crop Protection Network: https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/
• Contacts:• Jenny Rees ([email protected])
• Megan Taylor ([email protected])
• Sarah Sivits ([email protected])