cronhns & ulcerative colitis. what are these diseases? crohns inflammation of segments of the gi...
TRANSCRIPT
Cronhns&
Ulcerative Colitis
What are these diseases?
Crohns• Inflammation of segments of
the GI tract in any part. Primarily the small intestine or colon.
• Affects ages 15-30yrs• In the early stages tiny ulcers
form on various parts of the intestinal wall, over time horizontal rows of these ulcers fuse with vertical rows causing mucus to take on a cobblestone appearance
Ulcerative Colitis• Twice that of Crohns• Common enteric bacterium
E.coli• Confined to the mucosa and
submucosa of the colon, starts in the left then moves to the right.
• Tiny abscesses form which grow and produce purulent drainage, capillaries become friable and blood causing diarrhea and pus.
Pictures!!
Clinical Manifestations
Crohns• Onset is usually insidious
with nonspecific complaints of diarrhea,fatigue abdominal pain weight loss and fever,dehydration,malnutrition,anemia and increased peristalsis
Ulcerative colitis• Diarrhea is a predominate
sign• Usually 15-20 liquid stools a
day containing blood, mucus and pus.
• Abdominal cramps• Involuntary leakage of stools• May include toxic
megacolon ( toxic dilation of large bowel) a lifethreating condition.
What should we look for in Crohns??
Subjective • Weakness• Loss of appetite• Abdominal pain and
cramps• Low grade fever• Stress
Objective• Complaints of diarrhea• 3-4 semisolid stools
daily containing mucus and blood
What should we look for in Ulcerative Colitis?
Subjective• Rectal bleeding • Abdominal distention• Lethargy• Unpredictable bowel
movements
Objective• Weight loss • Abdominal distention• Fever• Leukocytosis• Tachycardia
Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy•
•
Tests
Crohn’s• Colonoscopy with
multiple biopsies of the colon
• Granulomas in the biopsy specimen confirm Crohns
Ulcerative Colitis• Barium studies of the
intestine• Sigmoidoscopy• Colonoscopy with
possible biopsy• Radiological
examination of the abdomen
How you would treat these diseases?
Drug therapy (1) drugs that affect the inflammatory
response. Corticosteriods(2) Antibacterial drugs(3) Drugs that affect the immune system(4) Antidiarrheal preparations. Lomotil-Remission pills such as Mesalmine
Surgical Interventions» Iiestomy» Proctocolectomy» Colon resection» Kock pouch
Diet therapy• Exclude milk products and
highly spicy foods
• High protein and high calorie diet
• Exclude caffeine
Interventions as a nurse
• Nutrition, fluid balance, elimination, medications, psychological aspects and sexuality must be considered.
• Thorough assessment of patients bowel elimination.
• Oral diets of 2500mL per day for fluid loss• Monitor weight• Record I&O at least 1500mL per day• Support Support Support!!
Prognosis
• A patient with chronic ulcerative colitis is directly related to the number of years they have had the disease.
• List of food that are known to cause constipation,diarrhea, blockage,odors, and flatus is helpful for the patient
• Crohns disease is a chronic disorder and has a high rate of recurrence in pats under 25 yrs.
• Prognosis depends on the extent of involvement,duration of illness, and success of medical intervention. No known therapy will maintain a patient with Crohn’s disease in remission.
Review Questions
1) What is the lifethreating complication that can occur in UC?
a) Abdominal distention
b) Low grade temp
c) Toxic megacolon
d) All of the above
2) A high ____ and _____ diet should be consumed with Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis.