Criteria’sTo evaluate

Governmental Systems

Three GovernmentalSystems:

Pre

siden

tial S

yste

m

Westm

inte

r Type

Syste

m

Dire

ctoria

lS

yste

m

In Parliament Centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

In Parliament centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

In Parliament centralized Sovereignty

Parliament

Head of State

Cabinet

Criteria’s

Input - output

Minorities

Tra

nsp

are

ncy

Acco

unta

-bility

ParticipationCapacty to Learn

Legi

timac

y

Participation

Efficiency

Minimalis

e Hum

an

Failu

res

Democracy

Of the people – with the people – for the people

Why D

em

ocr

acy

?Liberty- Self-Determination

Finding the Truth

Rational Conflict Management

Efficiency Majority

Participation - Legitimacy

Accountability

Democracyand: …...

Efficiency

FragmentedNations

Transition

Globalization

Equality

Liberty

Rule of Law

Tyranny of theMajority

Transparency

Typ

es

of

Dem

ocr

acy

Procedural Substancial

Direct Represen-tative

Semi-direct

Winnertakes all

Consociacional Democracy

Problems ofDemocracy

LobbiesPrinciple

Of Oligarchie

Corruption Public InterestEconomy

ExclusionForeigners Minorities

Volonté Générale v.Volonté de Tous

Media

RepresentativeDemocracy

Representation Constituency

Pluralism of Parties

The whole peopleVolonté Générale

Higher being

Volonté de TousInterests

Electoral System

People

55%

Parliament

Executive

Wah

len

45%

Parties inGovernment

Semi-directDemocracy

Parliament

Parties

Economy

People:Elects and

decides

Executive

Admini-stration

VolontéGénérale?

Executive

Parliament

PeopleElections

Referendum

Parliament

Legisla-tion

Finan-ces

Semi-direct DemocracyPart

ies

Separation of Powers

Division of Labour

Separation of Powers

Checks and Balances

New ChallengesMediaTerrorismGlobalizationMigration

Legislation

Notion of LegislationUp to MontesquieuNatural law- PositivismNotion of Law and separation of powers