crisis mapping
DESCRIPTION
A brief history of Crisis Mapping, taken mostly from Patrick Meier's blog iRevolution and some case studies.TRANSCRIPT
CRISIS MAPPING
Global Health Emergencies Course
Global Emergency Medicine Program
Anahi Ayala Iacucci – [email protected]
WHAT IS CRISIS MAPPING?
Crisis Mapping is composed four key components:
1. Information collection2. Visualization3. Analysis
INFORMATION COLLECTION
Surveys
Groups
Mobile Phones
Automated Systems
Satellite Images
VISUALIZATION
Social 3D GIS PDF Dynamic
ANALYSIS
Spatial Temporal Mix Analysis Demographic Analysis ……
HISTORY
Ones upon a time there was the static Map:
STATIC MAPS WERE:
Created by experts Users and creators were not coinciding Created by using expensive or time
consuming methodologies They were a mere representation of the
physical space
THE LAST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY: COMPUTER BASED MAPS
From the last quarter of the 20th century, the indispensable tool of the cartographer has been the computer. Much of cartography, especially at the data-gathering survey level, has been subsumed by Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
GIS MAPS:
Allow for the superimposition of spatially located variables onto existing geographical maps.
Needs a variety of computer graphics programs to generate new maps (expertise)
Interactive, computerised maps are commercially available, allowing users to zoom in or zoom out (respectively meaning to increase or decrease the scale), sometimes by replacing one map with another of different scale, centered where possible on the same point.
FROM GIS TO NEOGEOGRAPHY: 2003-2005
The three core drivers of this change are the increasingly available and accessible of:
(1) open-source, dynamic mapping tools; (2) mobile data collection technologies; (3) the development of new methodologies.
NEOGEOGRAPHY: 2005
In 2005 Google rolled out Google Earth. The application marks an important milestone in Neogeography because the free, user-friendly platform drastically reduced the cost of dynamic and interactive mapping—cost in terms of both availability and accessibility.
FROM GIS TO NEOGEOGRAPHY: 2003-2005
“Neogeography,” is essentially about “people using and creating their own maps, on their own terms and by combining elements of an existing toolset.” The revolution in applications for user-generated content and mobile technology provides the basis for widely distributed information collection and crowdsourcing.
Don’t require expensive software or training Are created by the users Allow for more data sharing than proprietary data Allow for more real time data Allow to analyze sub-national and inter-annual
variations for patterns
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRISIS MAPPING: 2007-2008
Automated Crisis Mapping (ACM), real-time and automated information collection mechanisms using natural language processing (NLP) that allow for the automated and dynamic mapping of disaster and health-related events.
Mobile crowdsourcing platforms designed for the dynamic mapping of conflict and human rights data
Participatory GIS preceded by the recognition that social maps and conflict maps can empower local communities and be used for conflict resolution.
THE FUTURE OF CRISIS MAPPING
USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND UP-TO-DATE SATELLITE IMAGERY AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION
THE RISE OF ONLINE VOLUNTEERS ENGAGED IN CRISIS MAPPING
The Standby Task Force
COMBINATION CROWDSOURCING WITH CROWDFEEDING TO CREATE A CROWDSOURCING “MARKET PLACE” THAT MATCHES NEEDS WITH RESOURCES.
ABILITY TO PROCESS LARGE VOLUMES OF GEO-DATA IN REAL TIME: AUTOMATED DATA-MINING, ENTITY-EXTRACTION, GEO-LOCATION, CATEGORIZATION AND LANGUAGE TRANSLATION COMBINED WITH HUMAN-DRIVEN CURATION TOOLS AND THE APPLICATION OF “MECHANICAL TURK” SERVICES.
THE GROWING AVAILABILITY OF MOBILE PHONES AND SMART PHONES, DRIVEN BY THE INCREASE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
CASE STUDIES
OPEN STREET MAP: MAP KIBERA PROJECT
KENYA: THE TEXTHEALTH PROJECT
TOOLS
USING SMS TO DO CROWDSOURCING AND CROWDFEEDING
FrontlineSMS is a free, open source software that turns a laptop and a mobile phone into a central communications hub. Once installed, the program enables users to send and receive text messages with groups of people through mobile phones. FLSM does not require an Internet connection and it can store all phone numbers and records all incoming and outgoing messages. The software also allows to send messages to individuals or large groups, and reply individually.
WHAT FLSM CAN DO ?
Create and manage all of your SMS-related contact groups
Send and receive messages via special on-screen consoles
Provides incoming and outgoing message history for each contact
Engage with your contact groups – run surveys, competitions etc. via the SurveyManager
Run your own text-based information service via the automated ReplyManager
Export data to Excel and other programs
: CROWDSOURCING, MAPPING, AND CROWDFEEDING TOOL
Ushahidi, which means “testimony” in Swahili, began as a one-off deployment for mapping reports of election violence after the December 2007 Kenyan elections. Ushahidi is a crowdsourcing mapping system that people to report into the platform by web submission, SMS, Twitter or e-mail. The Ushahidi platform is right now being used in more than 30 countries and 60 projects, from electoral monitoring in Burundi to violence in Congo to Early Warning system in the Rift Valley.
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
Using the Crowdsourcing methodology The sustainability of new technologies The need to preserve traditional knowledge The risks associated with using crisis
mapping in Repressive regime The need to preserve privacy and sensitive
information when using mobile phones in health related issues
The excessive enthusiasm created by the availability of new technologies and social media
