crimpro 1.fall.04.schaffer
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CRIMINALPROCEDUREOUTLINEPROFESSORSCHAFFER
FALL2004
I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3II. SEARCH& SEIZURE..................................................................................................................3
A. INTRODUCTIONTOTHEFOURTHAMENDMENT......................................................................3B. WHATISASEARCH?..............................................................................................................3C. THETENSIONBETWEENTHEREASONABLENESSANDWARRANTCLAUSES..........................5D. DEMONSTRATINGPROBABLECAUSE.....................................................................................5E. PROBABLECAUSE, SPECIFICITY, ANDREASONABLENESS......................................................6F. EXECUTINGTHEWARRANTREASONABLEEXECUTION........................................................7- WAS IT STALE?........................................................................................................................7- ARTICULATETHETIMEUWANT.................................................................................................7NOW! ANNOUNCEUNLESSNOTRESONBLETODOSO...............................................................7
CANTUSEDRUGSASAPERSAYRULETHATITSASSOSCIATEDW"#IOLENCE................................7-CANTBEEXECSSI#EORNECESSARY...........................................................................................7G. ARRESTS$ MATERIALWITNESSES.......................................................................................7H. STOPANDFRIS.....................................................................................................................%
1. DEFININGASTOP: THELINEBETWEENASTOPANDANENCOUNTER................................10
2. REASONABLESUSPICION....................................................................................................113. LIMITEDSEARCHESFORPOLICEPROTECTIONUNDERTHETERRYDOCTRINE.....................12
4. BRIEFANDLIMITEDDETENTIONS: THELINEBETWEENSTOPANDARREST...............13
I. SEARCHINCIDENTTOARREST& PRETEXTUALSTOPSANDARRESTS& PLAIN#IEWSEI'URES...................................................................................................................................................()
1. SEARCHINCIDENTTOARREST............................................................................................14
2. PRETEXTUALSTOPSANDARRESTS......................................................................................13. PLAIN!IEWSEI"URES........................................................................................................1*. AUTOMOBILESANDOTHERMO#ABLEOB*ECTS+ EXCEPTIONSTOTHEWARRANTREUIREMENT............................................................................................................................(. EXIGENTCIRCUMSTANCES...................................................................................................(%L. ADMINISTRATI#ESEARCHES................................................................................................/M. CONSENTSEARCHES............................................................................................................3N. WIRETAPPING, EA#ESDROPPING, ETC..................................................................................)
III. THEEXCLUSIONARYRULE...................................................................................................25
A. FRUITSOFANILLEGALSEARCH..........................................................................................7B. INDEPENDENTSOURCEANDINE#ITABLEDISCO#ERYDOCTRINES......................................7
IV. SELF-INCRIMINATIONANDCONFESSIONS...........................................................................28A. THEFIFTHAMENDMENTANDSELF-INCRIMINATION...........................................................1. POLICIES............................................................................................................................2#
2. WHATISCOMPULSION.......................................................................................................2$3. TOWHOMDOESTHEPRI!ILEGEBELONG% WHATISPROTECTED%...................................30
4. PROCEDURALASPECTOFSELF&INCRIMINATION.................................................................31
B. CONFESSIONSANDDUEPROCESS........................................................................................3C. CONFESSIONSUNDERTHEFIFTHAMENDMENT+ MIRANDAANDITSIMPACT.....................3
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1. APPLYINGMIRANDA...........................................................................................................34
2. WAI!EROFMIRANDARIGHTS............................................................................................3'
D. CONFESSIONSUNDERTHESIXTHAMENDMENT...................................................................371. DELIBERATEELICITATION..................................................................................................3
2. WAI!ER..............................................................................................................................3#
3. FRUITSOFASIXTHAMENDMENT!IOLATION......................................................................3$VI. THEGRANDURY.................................................................................................................40
A. E#IDENCEBEFORETHEGRAND*URY..................................................................................)/B. POWERSOFIN#ESTIGATION.................................................................................................)/
VII. THERIGHTTOEFFECTIVEASSISTANCEOFCOUNSEL.....................................................40
VIII. DISCOVERY.........................................................................................................................43
A. SPECIFICSOFDEFENSEDISCO#ERY.....................................................................................)3B. PROSECUTOR4SCONSTITUTIONALDUTYTODISCLOSE........................................................)3
IX. GUILTYPLEASAND!ARGAINING" RE#UIREMENTSFORAVALIDPLEA..........................45
X. CONSTITUTIONALLY!ASEDPROOFRE#UIREMENTS..........................................................4$
A. PROOFBEYONDAREASONABLEDOUBT.............................................................................)6
B. SCOPEOFTHEREASONABLEDOUBTREUIREMENT...........................................................)6C. PROOFOFALTERNATI#EMEANSOFCOMMITTINGASINGLECRIME..................................)7XI. TRIAL!YURY......................................................................................................................4%
A. REUISITEFEATURESOFTHE*URY.....................................................................................)7B. *URYSELECTIONANDCOMPOSITION...................................................................................)C. PEREMPTORYCHALLENGES..................................................................................................)%D. PRESER#INGTHEINTEGRITYOFDELIBERATIONS................................................................5/E. THETRIAL*UDGEANDTHERIGHTTO*URYTRIAL.............................................................5/
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I. INTRODUCTION
II. SEARCH& SEIZURE
A. INTRODUCTIONTOTHEFOURTHAMENDMENT
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C. THETENSIONBETWEENTHEREASONABLENESSANDWARRANTCLAUSES
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3. PLAIN!IEWSEI"URES
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A. FRUITSOFANILLEGALSEARCH
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VI. THEGRANDURY
A. E#IDENCEBEFORETHEGRAND*URY
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