Criminal Hotspot Across the Country: India

Ms. Janki M. Adhvaryu (M.tech Geomatics Student)

Mr. Mayank Singh Sakla (M.tech Geomatics Student)

Dr.Anjana Vyas (Professor & Program Coordinator)

Faculty of Technology ,CEPT University, INDIA

Session Title: GIS for Crime Analysis

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Aim and Objectives

• Aim:

To spread the attentiveness about the crime occurring in the Indian state and to facilitate the security strategy for the major affecting regions using geospatial technology.

• Objectives

To analyze the trends of the types of the crime which affects the most in the different zones of the Indian states.

Analyzing ten years crime hotspot

Building a horizontal relationship between the different departments working for this crime affected issues.

To use the spatial statistics methods to finding out the relationships

Introduction

• Crime is increasing day-by-day all over India

• The main characterization for crime analysis is –” to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention and evaluation”.

• Different types of crime focused

Murder

Dowry

kidnapping

Rape

Theft Riots

Dacoity

Data usedData SourceCrime data Official government website www.data.gov.in

India shape file – Boundary, Road, Railway network www.diva-gis.org

Population data Census of India

• In India, Police is a critical component of civil administration. There has been an enormous increase in crime in the recent past. India is a vast country with more than one billion populations, and has a police force of 1.5 million.

• The cops in their role to catch criminals are required to remain convincingly ahead in the eternal race between law breakers and law enforcers. One of the key concerns of the law enforcers is how to enhance investigative effectiveness of the police.

• There is an urgent need to analyse the increasing number of crimes as approximately 17 lakhs Indian Penal Code (IPC) crime, and 38 lakhs local and Special Law crimes per year.

• The police should use the current technologies to give themselves the much-needed edge.

• Need of the crime analysis as it is the systematic study of crime and disorder problems as well as other police-related issues-including sociodemographic, spatial and temporal factors-to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation.

• Usage of the Information Technology and mainly the GIS is very much necessary.

Background

Methodology

Dat

a co

llect

ion

Location wise crime data

Visu

aliz

ing

and

anal

ysis

Linking Spatial data to non spatial

Rel

atin

g ce

nsus

and

cr

ime

Hot

spo

t ana

lysi

s

Inte

rpre

tatio

n

Con

clus

ion

and

reco

mm

enda

tion

Methodology is adopted in such a way that result should come in flow of optimum and quick way

Major outcome as Strategy and Recommendation to governing body

Study Area

Indian states covering 29 states and 7 union territory

Zone Wise Spatial Representation

• Six major zone• Designed according to flexibility in

data handling

For example Map showing zone III

Analysis

Focus Scale wise analysis

Hence

zonal wise analysis

MAP SHOWING CRIME RATE

In these as shown theft is caused more then other crimes

POPULATION DENSITY V/S CRIME

Pie-chart showing different crimes1 single dot represents “50 people”.

Analysis

MAP SHOWING LITERACYRATE V/S CRIME Understanding the side effects of

un employment .

CRIME IN RELATION TO UNEMPLOYED POPULATION

Analysis

Other zone analysis

COMPARISION OF CRIMES FOR THE YEAR 2001 AND 2012(DISTRICT LEVEL)

Analysis

• It can be concluded that in year 2001 the number of thefts was highest, and in the year 2012 it did not decrease that much.

• It can be seen that there was an increase in assault in 2012 as compared to 2001.• Rape ,kidnapping & abduction also increased.

North-eastern region is mostly, tourism based. Moretourist, risk of theft is more.Theft normally occurs in narrow road where its easy tocommit the crime. Here we can see, primary road isthe most feasible place.

Road & theft Railway & Kidnapping

A kidnapper needs a transport system, to cover up his deeds and to migrate as soon as possible. Best way is the railway. And here we can see, most of the abduction has happened near these

lines.

Analysis

Workforce & Crime

Analysis

Analysis

• Murder • Rape

• Kidnapping

Zone V

Hot spot analysis

• Over India• From 2005 to 2015 (11 Years)

• Focusing state wise crime• Eight category of Crime Case

• Spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots)

• Output Feature Class with a z-score, p-value, and confidence level bin (Gi_Bin).

Spatial statistics

Hot Spot Analysis

Murder Madhya Pradesh and Uttar

Pradesh – Hot and east region as cold

Theft Maharashtra, UP, MP as hot

while east region as cold

Murder

Theft

Hot Spot Analysis

Dacoity

IPC crime

Dowery

Riots

Rapekidnapping

Conclusion and recommendation

• GIS could be effectively and extensively used for crime analysis, and visualrepresentation of data always gives better understanding.

• From this study we could find the zones, states and even districts with higher orlower crime occurrence.

• The study would help the local and national bodies with higher crimeoccurrence to refer to the policies adopted by the lower crime occurrence area.

• Space with reference to Time and Crime could be brought into picture with suchanalysis.

• Many more parameters such as livelihood, per capita income, literacy rate, malefemale ratio etc.. Could be related in similar studies for better understanding ofthe situation and acquiring apt strategy.

• This analysis could be uploaded in web so that awareness could be createdamong the public.

References

• Census of India Govt. of India, Ministry ofHome Affairs, http://censusindia.gov.in/

• Crime data- data.gov.in• Spatial data-http://www.diva-gis.org/

Acknowledgement

We authors would like to acknowledge all the staff members of CEPT University,INDIA who have helped timely.

Thank you for your kind Attention