Portfolio of Evidence to be presented by each student for:Unit 16: Film and Video Editing TechniquesSOCIAL ACTION & THE COMMUNITY FILM ASSIGNMENT Name:  Millenia RitchiePlease provide a written comment that deals with all the italicized tasks below. You don’t need to write about all of listed content but it essential that you write about a minimum of two of the sub headings for the learning outcomes.Unit content

Task 1. Provide a written report to explain your understanding of the above media terms, also provide written details about camera and audio equipment you use to record production work. P1 M1 D1

 P1. UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF EDITING

Following the action This is when you change the angles of the camera, usually based on where the actors are positioned, or whether they are moving or not.For an example, if one of the characters are in frame but then run out, to a point you can no longer see them, then the position will quickly change – to “follow the action.” This can be very beneficial when shooting fast paced scenes.

Multiple points of view Generally, this is when there is more than a singular character in a scene. The camera will cut to the other actors, gathering the different reactions taking place.

Manipulation of Diegetic Time and SpaceThis is when, in a film, the editor would change the speed of the clips, which would then portray a long period of time as a relatively short time, to the audience.

  P1.2 Purposes: storytelling, e.g. engaging the viewer, development of drama, relationship to genre, creating motivation; combining shots into sequences; creating pace.

Engaging the ViewerThe majority of stories/projects have a target audience. This is because it’s important to know who you’re trying to engage. If you have a really great piece of material, but you were unable to engage the viewer, you will ultimately bore your audience – and you don’t want that. This can be easily avoided by simple things, such as thinking of the angle you’re trying to achieve within the project, doing research beforehand to know your audience, engaging their emotions, keeping up to speed with current trends, asking questions and putting yourself in their shoes.

Creating Motivation

To edit a film together, successfully, an editor must always look for motivation, through the way they decide to cut, place and join the footage. This ultimately affects how the audiences feels, whilst watching the final outcome.

Combining Shots into SequencesThis is the process of placing shots together, and making them all flow into each other. (During the editing process)

The Importance of PaceEnsuring that pace is correctly executed is important during several stages of development of a film/project. Pacing refers to the way the film flows, how the shots and scenes connect in a way which feels fluid and 'correct'. Good pacing doesn’t necessarily mean the footage needs to be a certain speed, it could be either slow or fast. As long as it matches the story a film is trying to tell, it doesn’t matter.

Task 2. Describe how the above media terms are important to moving image productions. Give an account of you are intending to employ editing techniques and processes to tell your story? P1 M1 D1 P1.3 Conventions and techniques: seamless; continuity; motivated; montage; jump-cutting; parallel editing; 180o rule; splicing; transitions, e.g. cut, dissolve, fade, wipe; cutaways; point of view shot; shot-reverse-shot; providing and withholding information; editing rhythm; crosscutting; cutting to soundtrack.

Continuity This is one of the most important factors of a film, as it is when everything in the shot, scene and movie (such as the actions, character positions, props, background and even lighting) is consistent. For an example, if a character picks up a mug with her right hand, and in the next shot it is placed in her left, that would be a continuity error.

Jump Cutting A jump cut is when two shots are recorded with the exact same camera set up, but what was recorded in each shot is slightly different. Cutting these two shots together creates a jumping effect.

 

MontageA montage is a technique in which a series of shots/images are edited together, to form a sequence. This technique could be used especially during action sequences, as they’re commonly fast paced.

Task 3. Provide a written report to explain what the above editing conventions and techniques mean and give an account of the editing techniques you plan to use in your production. P1 M1 D1 P2. BE ABLE TO PREPARE MOVING IMAGE MATERIAL FOR EDITING P2.1 Preparation techniques: checking material for faults; marking up a script; labelling tapes; storing tapes or film; producing an edit decision list; creating bins; clarifying the purpose of the work with a client

Checking Material for FaultsIt is very important when filming and editing that you check everything to make sure that there are no faults in anything that you have produced. For footage, a few examples of some potential faults are exposure, whether it be overexposed or underexposed, playback failure or audio issues (such as sound of speech/dialogue recorded poorly).

 Working for a ClientWhilst working for/with a client, it is important to clarify the purpose of the work, as you move through the stages. You should be in constant contact with them, ensuring that what you’re doing with their project is what they want.

Preparing an Edit Decision ListThis is when you would write down the time code numbers, of the scenes you want to use, prior to the edit session. You can save time and also money by using this method.

Labeling Tapes Labeling tapes is a very important process, that you should remember to do before beginning to edit. If you fail to label the footage that you’ve filmed, your footage will most likely get muddled up, which will confuse you and as a result, delay the process of editing.

Task 4. Write about and describe the editing terms and processes mentioned above P2.2 Preparing to edit: importing clips; bins; timelines; storage and folder management; online and offline editing; formats; resolution

Importing ClipsWhilst editing, it is essential to import the clips and sound that you want to use, or else you will have nothing to edit with. An example of importing is shown below:

Bins/FoldersThis is where you should store your imported clips and sound, in editing software, to make it easier to find.

TimelinesThe timeline is placed horizontally in the software. It is the chronological order of the edited footage.

Below is an example of my timeline in Final Cut Pro, whilst editing our Social Action environmental project.

ResolutionThe resolution refers to how many pixels are on the screen. It’s measured in length and width. Here are some examples of the different resolutions that could be used in film:

Task 5. Provide screen shots of the editing techniques used. Command – Shift – 4 and select the relevant material on screen.Screen shots of clips, bins, timeline, etc. P3. BE ABLE TO EDIT MOVING IMAGE MATERIAL 

Editing Technology:

Software ApplicationsThis is a computer program, that’s available to download. They perform functions, which benefit the user. Some examples of video editing software would be Final Cut Pro (which we use at the college), Sony Vegas Pro, Adobe Premier Pro, Windows Movie Maker and iMovie.

HardwareComputer hardware is the physical parts, or components, of a computer. This includes things like the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes parts inside of the computer itself, such as the video card and motherboard etc.. In college, I would use the Apple Mac computers, which are provided to our class, to complete my projects. Generally, I’d bring in my own earphones, but the college also provides headphones for us to use whilst working, if needed.

Non-linearNon-linear editing is a method that allows you to access any frame from a video clip, regardless of the sequence. It means that whilst editing, you are able to go back and fix any mistakes that you may have made. You can edit the footage in any type of order.

LinearLinear editing is editing which you are unable to go back and fix mistakes. You are only able to edit the footage consecutively.

High Definitionimages that are sharper and more detailed, than normal. Some examples would include 1080p and 4k.

Hard DiskA hard-disc is a non-removable disc which has a large data storage capacity.

Exporting ProductionsWhen exporting projects, they can either be shared as a master file or directly shared to social media sites, like YouTube and Vimeo.

File   compression types MP3 is a digital music format for creating high-quality sound files.MP4 allows a combination of audio, video, subtitles and/or still images to be held in the one single file.Avi files are used to save video and audio.Flv files are used to save video and audio, from flash videos.

P3.1 Editing technology: software applications; hardware, e.g. non-linear, linear; high definition; standard definition; tapes; hard disc; data transfer rates; exporting productions; file types, e.g. mov, avi, flv; compression Task 6. Describe what editing techniques you used to produce the work and provide a list of all editing equipment employed in production process.

Editing Process:

Cut - when one shot cuts to another.

Dissolve - a gradual change from one shot to another. Fade - a transition to and from a blank image.Wipe - when one shot transitions to the next from one particular part of the frame.

Cutaways - A cutaway is a shot that only lasts for a few seconds and relates to the shot that was previously being shown.

Cutting on action - cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. For example, a man walking up to a door and then reaching for the knob.

Creating juxtapositions - the act of placing two or more shots (which often contrast with each other) side by side.

Rhythm - Rhythm editing describes an assembling of shots and/or sequences according to a rhythmic pattern of some kind, usually dictated by music.

Use sound to create impact – Sound is often used to draw attention in a film. It’s incredibly important to use appropriate noises/sound fx at the right time, to achieve the wanted response from the audience.

Synchronise sound and vision – Aligning the video with the audio on screen, and making sure they are in place is important during the editing process of creating a film.

P3.2 Editing process: use appropriate techniques, e.g. seamless, continuity, motivated, montage, jump-cutting, parallel editing; use appropriate transitions, e.g. cut, dissolve, fade, wipe; use appropriate conventions, e.g. cutaways, cutting on action, creating juxtapositions, intercutting; pace effectively; convey information effectively; use sound to create impact; synchronize sound and vision; mix soundtracks; overlap sound; offline edit; online edit Task 7. Describe editing techniques used and provide screen shots of editing techniques employed Here’s an example of on screen text, from my own work:

This is an example of audio editing, using different tracks. Also extracted from my Social Action Project:

P3.3 Post-production tools: on screen text; image editing; audio editing Assessment and grading criteria. Task 8. What credit and title techniques, audio techniques and music clips did you use?

For my social action project, I used the typewriter text effect at the beginning (in the introduction section)

Throughout the film, at certain parts I have changed the speed of the footage to make the clips faster. I also reversed one of the clips.

 ASSESSMENT AND GRADING CRITERIAIn order to pass this unit, the evidence that the learner presents for assessment needs to demonstrate that they can meet all the learning outcomes for the unit.The assessment criteria for a pass grade describe the level of achievement required to pass this unit. To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: P1 Describe the development and principles of editing with some appropriate use of subject terminologyP2 Apply editing preparation techniques with some assistanceP3 Apply editing techniques working within appropriate conventions and with some assistance.[CT] To achieve a merit grade the evidence must show that, in

addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to: M1 Explain the development and principles of editing with reference to detailed illustrative examples and with generally correct use of subject terminologyM2 Apply editing preparation techniques competently with only occasional assistanceM3 Apply editing techniques to a good technical standard showing some imagination and with only occasional assistance. To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to: D1 Critically assess the development and principles of editing with supporting arguments and elucidated examples, and consistently using subject terminology correctlyD2 Apply editing preparation techniques to a technical quality that reflects near- professional standards, working independently to professional expectationsD3 Apply editing techniques to a technical quality that reflects near-professional standards, showing creativity and flair and working independently.