Creative Economy in a Mixed Society: Approaches to

Measuring its Potential Inga Tomić-Koludrović & Mirko Petrić Department of Sociology University of Zadar

Cultural transitions

An international conference on policy, industry and aesthetics Interuniversity Centre Dubrovnik Dubrovnik, 10. 5. 2006

cultural creative------------------------------------------------

- cultural industry

- cultural industries

- creative industries

- creative economy

Creative Industriesdefinition

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”The Creative Industries are those that have their origin in individual creativity, skill, and talent and that have a potential for wealth and job creation through

the generation and exploitation of intellectual property.”

The Creative Industries Mapping DocumentDepartment for Culture, Media and Sport,

UK, 1998

Creative Industries : culture-----------------------------------------------------------

”Government and the Value of Culture”

Tessa Jowell (2004)

- a role for subsidized culturehigh art

- recognized but described in terms of investment

- potential of an individual

Creative Economy-----------------------------------------------------------

- disappearance of “culture” ?

“creative” + “economy”

- the term = more straigthforward /obscures less/

BUT

“CULTURE MATTERS”

Harrison / Huntington (2000)

Mapping Index of Creativity-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DCMS Mapping of Creative Industries

(1997, 2000)

- exclusively “industrial” aspect

- economic contribution

--------------------------------------------------------------------

“audit of cultural resources” = different

Mapping Index of Creativity-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Florida’s indices of creativity

% workforce in the creative class

presence of advanced technology

innovation

diversity (gay index)

---------------------------------------------------------------

Percent of workforce in the creative class

3Ts values---------------------------------------------------------------

“3Ts of economic growth”

TalentTechnologyTolerance

the original indices

World Index of Creativityoutline (2005)

---------------------------------------------------------------

based on empirical research of values

World Values Survey /Inglehart/

Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania = included

Mapping Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

Hong Kong : Mappingmost comprehensive : economic

Hong Kong : Index of creativity

Desmond Hui

social + cultural capital

SEE - Index of Creativity?---------------------------------------------------------------

-how to measure the potential ofthe creative economy

in the region?

/ Florida’s nascent World Index of Creativity =/= specific enough /

SEE - Index of Creativity?---------------------------------------------------------------

- the task = creation of more specific,more sensitive indices

- the question: is the region a good focusfor such exercises?

- the question : are individual nation-statesin the region a good focus for such exercises?

Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

- the need for diversified levels of reference

- the focus =/= territory of a nation-state

- the focus =/= the “region” in Florida’s sense/”city + surrounding areas”/

Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

the focus = city, region

/including historical traditions & a sense of place/

diversified national or SEE-levelindices

Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

the focus = micro-histories, traditions, cultures

the purpose = interpret in order to understand /Bauman/

“case by case” “step by step”

Index of Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

- the focus /locus/ = the sense of place/what it is about/

- methods to measure it = should be devised

- but what exactly is measured?

- “what is creativity?”

Creativity---------------------------------------------------------------

- an evasive term

- one attempt:

“the ability to think at the edge of yourcompetence”

Charles Landry

Creativity---------------------------------------------------

- but what are “competences”?

- how are they acquired?

- how are they recognized?

------------------------------------------------SOCIAL locus of reference

Creativity---------------------------------------------------

- but also CULTURE plays a part

- VALUES : socialization/learning of culture/

- by means of socialization onemasters the culture of one’s society------------------------------------------------

values = a good start/but not enough: too generalized/

Focus---------------------------------------------------

- not only “market” / “economy” indicators

(Porter: 17.000 $ +)

but

“society” + “culture”

Society---------------------------------------------------

- how to describe it?

- what to study about it?

“transition” “mixed” society---------------------------------------------------

“transition”

- political /single-party multiparty/

- economic /state or “social ownership” market economy/

- social / cultural /e.g. from active suppressionof religion to its dominance in the social life/

why “mixed” society?---------------------------------------------------

“transition” in SEE = an unfinished process

EU accession = marks the end/in political terms/

EU candidate countries : nearing“mature transition”

but in social terms?

“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------

“transition” processes

- varied from country to country

- in common :

(recent) radical break with the past& influence of the globalization process

in the present

“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------

“transitional societies” = now stabilizing

- old mechanisms destroyed but new have formed

- these societies exihibit characteristics of both traditional and modern social structures

- can therefore be described as mixed societies

“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------

- different outcomes /also within one nation/

- should be studied “step by step, case by case”

- in the case of Croatia: two modernizationprocesses simultaneously at work

/Tomić-Koludrović/

“mixed” society---------------------------------------------------

“first” or “simple”, “industrial” modernization/premodern modern/

second or “reflexive”, “postindustrial” modernization

/”modernization of modernization”/

U. Beck

------------------------------------------------

Split Riva

------------------------------------------------

Splitska riva

------------------------------------------------

Splitska riva

------------------------------------------------

Splitska riva

“mixed” society -----------------------------------------------

by analogy with

mixed economy

mixed agriculture

transitional society process : from → to

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mixed society = outcome : what we start from in analysis

mixed society =/= static

various processes take place but constellations = established

mixed society----------------------------------------------

- should be studied

in order to understand it & be ableto interpret it

/such studies in themselves emphasize or develop its reflexive character /

mixed society----------------------------------------------

- methods should be devisedto study its social & cultural aspects

“market” = too narrow a descriptor and insufficient in general as focus of

development

“people” = the most valuable resource

/this = also an “investment” in them

and in society/

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