creation revelation · the science of creation – lesson 05-01 fossils gen 1:20 and god said, let...

Creation Revelation

Robert & Mary Tozier

WWW.CREATIONREVELATION.ORG

[email protected]

Tel/Fax 808-672-7229

92-222 Hoalii Place, Kapolei, HI 96707.1



[email protected]

Tel/Fax 808-672-7229

92-222 Hoalii Place, Kapolei, HI 96707.

Opening PrayerOpening Prayer

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Opening PrayerOpening Prayer

THE SCIENCE OF CREATIONTHE SCIENCE OF CREATION –– LessonLesson0505--01 Fossils01 Fossils

GENGEN 11::2020 AndAnd GodGod said,said, LetLet thethe waterswaters bringbring forthforthabundantlyabundantly thethe movingmoving creaturecreature thatthat hathhath life,life,andand fowlfowl thatthat maymay flyfly aboveabove thethe earthearth inin thethe openopenfirmamentfirmament ofof heavenheaven..2121 AndAnd GodGod createdcreated greatgreat whales,whales, andand everyevery livinglivingcreaturecreature thatthat moveth,moveth, whichwhich thethe waterswaters broughtbroughtforthforth abundantlyabundantly,, afterafter theirtheir kind,kind, andand everyeverywingedwinged fowlfowl afterafter hishis kindkind:: andand GodGod sawsaw thatthat ititwaswas goodgood.. (Continued)(Continued)

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GENGEN 11::2020 AndAnd GodGod said,said, LetLet thethe waterswaters bringbring forthforthabundantlyabundantly thethe movingmoving creaturecreature thatthat hathhath life,life,andand fowlfowl thatthat maymay flyfly aboveabove thethe earthearth inin thethe openopenfirmamentfirmament ofof heavenheaven..2121 AndAnd GodGod createdcreated greatgreat whales,whales, andand everyevery livinglivingcreaturecreature thatthat moveth,moveth, whichwhich thethe waterswaters broughtbroughtforthforth abundantlyabundantly,, afterafter theirtheir kind,kind, andand everyeverywingedwinged fowlfowl afterafter hishis kindkind:: andand GodGod sawsaw thatthat ititwaswas goodgood.. (Continued)(Continued)

Genesis 1:20Genesis 1:20--2323

2222 AndAnd GodGod blessedblessed them,them, saying,saying, BeBe fruitful,fruitful, andandmultiplymultiply,, andand fillfill thethe waterswaters inin thethe seas,seas, andand letletfowlfowl multiplymultiply inin thethe earthearth..2323 AndAnd thethe eveningevening andand thethe morningmorning werewere thethe fifthfifthdayday..

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2222 AndAnd GodGod blessedblessed them,them, saying,saying, BeBe fruitful,fruitful, andandmultiplymultiply,, andand fillfill thethe waterswaters inin thethe seas,seas, andand letletfowlfowl multiplymultiply inin thethe earthearth..2323 AndAnd thethe eveningevening andand thethe morningmorning werewere thethe fifthfifthdayday..

Faith Based ScienceFaith Based Science

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Faith Based ScienceFaith Based Science

Faith is the substance….Faith is the substance….Faith is the substance….Faith is the substance….

AA.. LunnLunn onceonce wrotewrote aa parodyparody ofof HebrewsHebrews 1111::11 asas::

“Faith is the substance of fossils hoped for, the“Faith is the substance of fossils hoped for, theevidence of links unseen.”evidence of links unseen.” [47]

HEBHEB 1111::11 NowNow faithfaith isis thethe substancesubstance ofof thingsthingshopedhoped for,for, thethe evidenceevidence ofof thingsthings notnot seenseen..

Evolution is a faithEvolution is a faith--based religion.based religion.

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Faith is the substance….Faith is the substance….

AA.. LunnLunn onceonce wrotewrote aa parodyparody ofof HebrewsHebrews 1111::11 asas::

“Faith is the substance of fossils hoped for, the“Faith is the substance of fossils hoped for, theevidence of links unseen.”evidence of links unseen.” [47]

HEBHEB 1111::11 NowNow faithfaith isis thethe substancesubstance ofof thingsthingshopedhoped for,for, thethe evidenceevidence ofof thingsthings notnot seenseen..

Evolution is a faithEvolution is a faith--based religion.based religion.

Avoid False ScienceAvoid False Science -- 1 Timothy 6:201 Timothy 6:20

Paul admonishes Timothy, in 1 Timothy 6:20:Paul admonishes Timothy, in 1 Timothy 6:20:

1 TIM 6:201 TIM 6:20 O Timothy, keep that which isO Timothy, keep that which iscommitted to thy trust,committed to thy trust, avoiding profane andavoiding profane andvain babblings, and oppositions of science falselyvain babblings, and oppositions of science falselyso calledso called::

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Paul admonishes Timothy, in 1 Timothy 6:20:Paul admonishes Timothy, in 1 Timothy 6:20:

1 TIM 6:201 TIM 6:20 O Timothy, keep that which isO Timothy, keep that which iscommitted to thy trust,committed to thy trust, avoiding profane andavoiding profane andvain babblings, and oppositions of science falselyvain babblings, and oppositions of science falselyso calledso called::

Missing FossilsMissing FossilsInIn orderorder toto accountaccount forfor thethe missingmissing intermediateintermediatefossils,fossils, scientistsscientists speculatespeculate thatthat evolutionevolution movedmovedatat suchsuch colossalcolossal speedspeed inin thethe pastpast thatthat itit leftleft nonorecord,record, whilewhile todaytoday evolutionevolution movesmoves soso slowlyslowlythatthat itit cannotcannot bebe observedobserved.. [101]

•• ThisThis isis contrarycontrary toto theirtheir statementsstatements regardingregardinguniformitarianismuniformitarianism,, wherewhere thethe ratesrates ofofprocessesprocesses areare thethe samesame todaytoday asas inin thethe pastpast.. [47]

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InIn orderorder toto accountaccount forfor thethe missingmissing intermediateintermediatefossils,fossils, scientistsscientists speculatespeculate thatthat evolutionevolution movedmovedatat suchsuch colossalcolossal speedspeed inin thethe pastpast thatthat itit leftleft nonorecord,record, whilewhile todaytoday evolutionevolution movesmoves soso slowlyslowlythatthat itit cannotcannot bebe observedobserved.. [101]

•• ThisThis isis contrarycontrary toto theirtheir statementsstatements regardingregardinguniformitarianismuniformitarianism,, wherewhere thethe ratesrates ofofprocessesprocesses areare thethe samesame todaytoday asas inin thethe pastpast.. [47]

Missing FossilsMissing Fossils

EvolutionistsEvolutionists wantwant evolutionevolution toto havehave movedmoved atatcolossalcolossal speedspeed inin thethe pastpast andand microscopicallymicroscopicallyslowslow todaytoday.. [101]

TheyThey wantwant itit bothboth waysways whenwhen itit suitssuits themthem..

•• WeWe shouldshould havehave seenseen aa continuouscontinuous pathpath ofoftransitionaltransitional formsforms fromfrom nonnon--livingliving mattermatter totoman,man, butbut wewe dodo notnot.. [47]

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EvolutionistsEvolutionists wantwant evolutionevolution toto havehave movedmoved atatcolossalcolossal speedspeed inin thethe pastpast andand microscopicallymicroscopicallyslowslow todaytoday.. [101]

TheyThey wantwant itit bothboth waysways whenwhen itit suitssuits themthem..

•• WeWe shouldshould havehave seenseen aa continuouscontinuous pathpath ofoftransitionaltransitional formsforms fromfrom nonnon--livingliving mattermatter totoman,man, butbut wewe dodo notnot.. [47]

Hopeful MonstersHopeful Monsters

SinceSince thethe fossilfossil recordrecord showsshows nono transitionaltransitional forms,forms,inin 19401940,, Goldschmidt,Goldschmidt, ofof thethe UniversityUniversity ofofCaliforniaCalifornia atat Berkeley,Berkeley, proposedproposed suddensudden changeschangeswithwith hishis “Hopeful“Hopeful Monster”Monster” theorytheory,, wherebywhereby aareptilereptile laidlaid anan eggegg andand outout poppedpopped aa birdbird..

TheThe scientificscientific establishmentestablishment ridiculedridiculed himhim..

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SinceSince thethe fossilfossil recordrecord showsshows nono transitionaltransitional forms,forms,inin 19401940,, Goldschmidt,Goldschmidt, ofof thethe UniversityUniversity ofofCaliforniaCalifornia atat Berkeley,Berkeley, proposedproposed suddensudden changeschangeswithwith hishis “Hopeful“Hopeful Monster”Monster” theorytheory,, wherebywhereby aareptilereptile laidlaid anan eggegg andand outout poppedpopped aa birdbird..

TheThe scientificscientific establishmentestablishment ridiculedridiculed himhim..

Hopeful MonstersHopeful Monsters [47;101]

MoreMore recently,recently, inin 19771977,, respondingresponding toto thetheembarrassingembarrassing lacklack ofof transitionaltransitional forms,forms, NilesNilesEldridgeEldridge andand StephenStephen JayJay GouldGould proposedproposedessentiallyessentially thethe samesame thing,thing, butbut calledcalled itit“Punctuated“Punctuated EquilibriaEquilibria..””

UnderUnder thethe newnew titletitle itit hashas receivedreceived seriousseriousattentionattention..

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MoreMore recently,recently, inin 19771977,, respondingresponding toto thetheembarrassingembarrassing lacklack ofof transitionaltransitional forms,forms, NilesNilesEldridgeEldridge andand StephenStephen JayJay GouldGould proposedproposedessentiallyessentially thethe samesame thing,thing, butbut calledcalled itit“Punctuated“Punctuated EquilibriaEquilibria..””

UnderUnder thethe newnew titletitle itit hashas receivedreceived seriousseriousattentionattention..

Hopeful MonstersHopeful Monsters [47;101]

ThinkThink aboutabout itit..

TheThe suddensudden appearanceappearance ofof thethe hopefulhopefulmonstermonster wouldwould havehave toto occuroccur twicetwice inin thethesamesame generationgeneration inin closeclose proximityproximity forfor theretheretoto bebe reproductionreproduction ofof thethe newnew kindkind..

It would be necessary to have both male andIt would be necessary to have both male andfemale to reproduce!female to reproduce!

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ThinkThink aboutabout itit..

TheThe suddensudden appearanceappearance ofof thethe hopefulhopefulmonstermonster wouldwould havehave toto occuroccur twicetwice inin thethesamesame generationgeneration inin closeclose proximityproximity forfor theretheretoto bebe reproductionreproduction ofof thethe newnew kindkind..

It would be necessary to have both male andIt would be necessary to have both male andfemale to reproduce!female to reproduce!

ExcusesExcusesSinceSince thethe majormajor invertebrateinvertebrate faunafauna appearappear suddenlysuddenly ininthethe CambrianCambrian stratastrata withwith nono ancestorsancestors fromfrom whichwhich totoevolve,evolve, scientistsscientists andand textbookstextbooks excuseexcuse thisthis withwith::

“All“All thethe PrecambrianPrecambrian rocksrocks werewere metamorphosedmetamorphosed ororerodederoded awayaway andand thereforetherefore youyou dodo notnot findfind anyanyancestorsancestors ofof thethe complexcomplex lifelife formsforms..”” [47;101]

•• ThisThis isis nothingnothing moremore thanthan anan assumptionassumption..

•• ManyMany fossilsfossils foundfound inin thethe oldestoldest rocksrocks areare thethesamesame asas theirtheir livingliving counterpartscounterparts.. [47]

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SinceSince thethe majormajor invertebrateinvertebrate faunafauna appearappear suddenlysuddenly ininthethe CambrianCambrian stratastrata withwith nono ancestorsancestors fromfrom whichwhich totoevolve,evolve, scientistsscientists andand textbookstextbooks excuseexcuse thisthis withwith::

“All“All thethe PrecambrianPrecambrian rocksrocks werewere metamorphosedmetamorphosed ororerodederoded awayaway andand thereforetherefore youyou dodo notnot findfind anyanyancestorsancestors ofof thethe complexcomplex lifelife formsforms..”” [47;101]

•• ThisThis isis nothingnothing moremore thanthan anan assumptionassumption..

•• ManyMany fossilsfossils foundfound inin thethe oldestoldest rocksrocks areare thethesamesame asas theirtheir livingliving counterpartscounterparts.. [47]

The GeologicThe GeologicColumnColumn ––

Evolutionist’s ViewEvolutionist’s View

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The GeologicThe GeologicColumnColumn ––

Evolutionist’s ViewEvolutionist’s View

Geologic ColumnGeologic Column –– Evolutionist’s ViewEvolutionist’s View [101]

StrataIndexFossils

MYA

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PRECAMBRIAN

InvertebratesSuddenAppearance

No Fossils

The Geologic ColumnThe Geologic ColumnFrom a creationistFrom a creationistperspective, theperspective, theevolutionist’s soevolutionist’s so--calledcalledgeologic column would havegeologic column would havebeen formed during the yearbeen formed during the yearof the Flood rather than theof the Flood rather than themillions of years required bymillions of years required bythe current evolutionistthe current evolutionistthinking.thinking.

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From a creationistFrom a creationistperspective, theperspective, theevolutionist’s soevolutionist’s so--calledcalledgeologic column would havegeologic column would havebeen formed during the yearbeen formed during the yearof the Flood rather than theof the Flood rather than themillions of years required bymillions of years required bythe current evolutionistthe current evolutionistthinking.thinking.

The Geologic ColumnThe Geologic Column

This geologic columnThis geologic columnwould be formed by thewould be formed by therapid burial andrapid burial andfossilization of smallfossilization of smallcreatures, especially smallcreatures, especially smallmarine creatures, whichmarine creatures, whichwere not mobile enough towere not mobile enough toescape the comingescape the comingonslaught.onslaught.

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This geologic columnThis geologic columnwould be formed by thewould be formed by therapid burial andrapid burial andfossilization of smallfossilization of smallcreatures, especially smallcreatures, especially smallmarine creatures, whichmarine creatures, whichwere not mobile enough towere not mobile enough toescape the comingescape the comingonslaught.onslaught.


More intelligent, larger,More intelligent, larger,and/or more mobileand/or more mobilecreatures could escapecreatures could escapeburial by retreating toburial by retreating tohigher ground, and wouldhigher ground, and wouldbe buried higher on thebe buried higher on thegeologic column.geologic column.

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More intelligent, larger,More intelligent, larger,and/or more mobileand/or more mobilecreatures could escapecreatures could escapeburial by retreating toburial by retreating tohigher ground, and wouldhigher ground, and wouldbe buried higher on thebe buried higher on thegeologic column.geologic column.


Many would escape burialMany would escape burialaltogether, and wouldaltogether, and wouldinstead be exposed afterinstead be exposed afterdeath, floating on thedeath, floating on thewater, and would rapidlywater, and would rapidlydecompose and disappear.decompose and disappear.

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Many would escape burialMany would escape burialaltogether, and wouldaltogether, and wouldinstead be exposed afterinstead be exposed afterdeath, floating on thedeath, floating on thewater, and would rapidlywater, and would rapidlydecompose and disappear.decompose and disappear.

The Geologic ColumnThe Geologic ColumnThe Flood can betterThe Flood can betterexplain what we see in theexplain what we see in thegeologic column, since thisgeologic column, since thiscolumn is found to becolumn is found to beinconsistent regarding theinconsistent regarding theevolutionary time scale atevolutionary time scale atmany parts of the globe.many parts of the globe.

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The Flood can betterThe Flood can betterexplain what we see in theexplain what we see in thegeologic column, since thisgeologic column, since thiscolumn is found to becolumn is found to beinconsistent regarding theinconsistent regarding theevolutionary time scale atevolutionary time scale atmany parts of the globe.many parts of the globe.


The column does not existThe column does not existin complete formin complete formanywhere on earth.anywhere on earth. [11;47]

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The column does not existThe column does not existin complete formin complete formanywhere on earth.anywhere on earth. [11;47]

The Geologic ColumnThe Geologic ColumnCommenting on the strataCommenting on the strataevidence, Haroldevidence, Harold BooherBooherwrites:writes:“Not only are there entire“Not only are there entireformations missingformations missingbetween major geologicalbetween major geologicalstrata, there are alsostrata, there are alsonumerous examples ofnumerous examples ofcompletely reversed ordercompletely reversed orderof strata.”of strata.” [11]

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Commenting on the strataCommenting on the strataevidence, Haroldevidence, Harold BooherBooherwrites:writes:“Not only are there entire“Not only are there entireformations missingformations missingbetween major geologicalbetween major geologicalstrata, there are alsostrata, there are alsonumerous examples ofnumerous examples ofcompletely reversed ordercompletely reversed orderof strata.”of strata.” [11]


Many of the soMany of the so--calledcalledolder creatures are foundolder creatures are foundburied at higher levels (inburied at higher levels (inso called younger geologicso called younger geologicstrata) above many sostrata) above many socalled younger creatures.called younger creatures.[11;47]

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Many of the soMany of the so--calledcalledolder creatures are foundolder creatures are foundburied at higher levels (inburied at higher levels (inso called younger geologicso called younger geologicstrata) above many sostrata) above many socalled younger creatures.called younger creatures.[11;47]


Generally, the sortingGenerally, the sortingaction of the movingaction of the movingfloodwaters would alsofloodwaters would alsoaccount for placement ofaccount for placement ofcreatures as we see in thecreatures as we see in thegeologic column.geologic column. [47]

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Generally, the sortingGenerally, the sortingaction of the movingaction of the movingfloodwaters would alsofloodwaters would alsoaccount for placement ofaccount for placement ofcreatures as we see in thecreatures as we see in thegeologic column.geologic column. [47]


The smaller, less mobile,The smaller, less mobile,more primitive marinemore primitive marinecreatures are found on thecreatures are found on thebottom of the column, notbottom of the column, notbecause they lived in anbecause they lived in anearlier era, but because ofearlier era, but because ofthe flood action, relativethe flood action, relativeintelligence, and mobility.intelligence, and mobility.[47]

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The smaller, less mobile,The smaller, less mobile,more primitive marinemore primitive marinecreatures are found on thecreatures are found on thebottom of the column, notbottom of the column, notbecause they lived in anbecause they lived in anearlier era, but because ofearlier era, but because ofthe flood action, relativethe flood action, relativeintelligence, and mobility.intelligence, and mobility.[47]


VariousVarious fossilfossil “graveyards”“graveyards” aroundaround thethe worldworldmixmix warmwarm andand coldcold climateclimate animalsanimals andand plantsplantsinin massmass burialsburials..

ThisThis supportssupports theirtheir depositdeposit byby aa worldwideworldwidefloodflood.. [47]

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VariousVarious fossilfossil “graveyards”“graveyards” aroundaround thethe worldworldmixmix warmwarm andand coldcold climateclimate animalsanimals andand plantsplantsinin massmass burialsburials..

ThisThis supportssupports theirtheir depositdeposit byby aa worldwideworldwidefloodflood.. [47]

Circular Dating MethodCircular Dating Method [47;11]

GeologistsGeologists typicallytypically datedate thethe stratastrata (rocks)(rocks) bybythethe fossilsfossils foundfound therethere..

PaleontologistsPaleontologists datedate thethe fossilsfossils byby thethe stratastrata ininwhichwhich theythey areare foundfound..

This is a bit of circular reasoningThis is a bit of circular reasoning..

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GeologistsGeologists typicallytypically datedate thethe stratastrata (rocks)(rocks) bybythethe fossilsfossils foundfound therethere..

PaleontologistsPaleontologists datedate thethe fossilsfossils byby thethe stratastrata ininwhichwhich theythey areare foundfound..

This is a bit of circular reasoningThis is a bit of circular reasoning..

Large Scale fossilizationLarge Scale fossilization

LargeLarge scalescale fossilizationfossilization doesdoes notnot occuroccur today,today,butbut thethe fossilfossil recordrecord attestsattests thatthat itit diddid occuroccur ininthethe pastpast..

ThisThis isis evidenceevidence ofof rapidrapid burialburial byby aa floodflood..

WhereWhere areare thethe bonesbones ofof thethe NorthNorth AmericanAmericanBuffalo?Buffalo?

TheyThey havehave decayeddecayed andand vanishedvanished..

ThisThis evidenceevidence supportssupports aa worldwideworldwide floodflood.. [47]

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LargeLarge scalescale fossilizationfossilization doesdoes notnot occuroccur today,today,butbut thethe fossilfossil recordrecord attestsattests thatthat itit diddid occuroccur ininthethe pastpast..

ThisThis isis evidenceevidence ofof rapidrapid burialburial byby aa floodflood..

WhereWhere areare thethe bonesbones ofof thethe NorthNorth AmericanAmericanBuffalo?Buffalo?

TheyThey havehave decayeddecayed andand vanishedvanished..

ThisThis evidenceevidence supportssupports aa worldwideworldwide floodflood.. [47]

Read fromRead frombottom up.bottom up.

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Geologic ColumnGeologic Column –– Creationist’s ViewCreationist’s View[1]

[47]

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Geologic ColumnGeologic Column –– Creationist’s ViewCreationist’s View [1]

[47]

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[47]

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Pluviation = Abundant rain.

Date of Flood?Date of Flood? [12]

It’sIt’s interestinginteresting toto notenote thatthat ancientancient astronomicalastronomicalobservationsobservations showshow thatthat significantsignificant changeschangesoccurredoccurred inin thethe Earth’sEarth’s axisaxis tilttilt inin 23452345BC,BC, thethedatedate rangerange duringduring whichwhich wewe assumeassume thethe FloodFlood totohavehave takentaken placeplace..

ThisThis isis evidencedevidenced byby disruptionsdisruptions inin celestialcelestialmovementsmovements atat thatthat timetime..

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It’sIt’s interestinginteresting toto notenote thatthat ancientancient astronomicalastronomicalobservationsobservations showshow thatthat significantsignificant changeschangesoccurredoccurred inin thethe Earth’sEarth’s axisaxis tilttilt inin 23452345BC,BC, thethedatedate rangerange duringduring whichwhich wewe assumeassume thethe FloodFlood totohavehave takentaken placeplace..

ThisThis isis evidencedevidenced byby disruptionsdisruptions inin celestialcelestialmovementsmovements atat thatthat timetime..

Human EvolutionHuman Evolution

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Human EvolutionHuman Evolution

Human EvolutionHuman Evolution [101]

ThereThere areare basicallybasically twotwo theoriestheories regardingregarding evolution,evolution,eithereither itit happenedhappened graduallygradually ((gradualismgradualism),), oror suddenlysuddenlyinin spurtsspurts ((hopefulhopeful monstermonster oror punctuatedpunctuated equilibriaequilibria))..

•• AccordingAccording toto LutherLuther SunderlandSunderland::

“Today“Today manymany scientistsscientists areare abandoningabandoning gradualisticgradualisticevolutionevolution becausebecause ofof twotwo undeniableundeniable characteristicscharacteristics ofofthethe fossilfossil recordrecord:: thethe abruptabrupt appearanceappearance ofof newnew basicbasictypestypes ofof organismsorganisms followedfollowed byby littlelittle oror nono changechange..””

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ThereThere areare basicallybasically twotwo theoriestheories regardingregarding evolution,evolution,eithereither itit happenedhappened graduallygradually ((gradualismgradualism),), oror suddenlysuddenlyinin spurtsspurts ((hopefulhopeful monstermonster oror punctuatedpunctuated equilibriaequilibria))..

•• AccordingAccording toto LutherLuther SunderlandSunderland::

“Today“Today manymany scientistsscientists areare abandoningabandoning gradualisticgradualisticevolutionevolution becausebecause ofof twotwo undeniableundeniable characteristicscharacteristics ofofthethe fossilfossil recordrecord:: thethe abruptabrupt appearanceappearance ofof newnew basicbasictypestypes ofof organismsorganisms followedfollowed byby littlelittle oror nono changechange..””

Chart of Human EvolutionChart of Human Evolution

[57]

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(Lucy)

Chart of Human EvolutionChart of Human Evolution [57]

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DNA & NeanderthalDNA & Neanderthal [91]

RecentlyRecently therethere hashas beenbeen muchmuch mademade aboutabout DNADNAteststests ofof NeanderthalNeanderthal remainsremains showingshowing thatthat theytheyareare separateseparate speciesspecies fromfrom modernmodern manman..

However,However, thethe sequencesequence differencedifference betweenbetweenNeanderthalNeanderthal andand modernmodern humanshumans waswas foundfoundtoto bebe inin 2222--3636 placesplaces..

ModernModern humanshumans differdiffer fromfrom eacheach otherotherfromfrom 11--2424 placesplaces..

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RecentlyRecently therethere hashas beenbeen muchmuch mademade aboutabout DNADNAteststests ofof NeanderthalNeanderthal remainsremains showingshowing thatthat theytheyareare separateseparate speciesspecies fromfrom modernmodern manman..

However,However, thethe sequencesequence differencedifference betweenbetweenNeanderthalNeanderthal andand modernmodern humanshumans waswas foundfoundtoto bebe inin 2222--3636 placesplaces..

ModernModern humanshumans differdiffer fromfrom eacheach otherotherfromfrom 11--2424 placesplaces..


DespiteDespite thethe wishfulwishful thinkingthinking ofof evolutionistevolutionistscientists,scientists, thesethese differencesdifferences ofof thethe NeanderthalNeanderthalareare withinwithin thethe rangerange ofof modernmodern humanshumans..

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DespiteDespite thethe wishfulwishful thinkingthinking ofof evolutionistevolutionistscientists,scientists, thesethese differencesdifferences ofof thethe NeanderthalNeanderthalareare withinwithin thethe rangerange ofof modernmodern humanshumans..


DNADNA quicklyquickly breaksbreaks downdown byby waterwater andand oxygenoxygen..

DNADNA mightmight lastlast tenstens ofof thousandsthousands ofof yearsyears atatmostmost..

SoSo therethere isis seriousserious doubtdoubt aboutabout thethe assignedassigned100100,,000000 yearsyears ofof thethe skeletonskeleton fromfrom whichwhich thetheDNADNA waswas obtainedobtained..

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DNADNA quicklyquickly breaksbreaks downdown byby waterwater andand oxygenoxygen..

DNADNA mightmight lastlast tenstens ofof thousandsthousands ofof yearsyears atatmostmost..

SoSo therethere isis seriousserious doubtdoubt aboutabout thethe assignedassigned100100,,000000 yearsyears ofof thethe skeletonskeleton fromfrom whichwhich thetheDNADNA waswas obtainedobtained..

Neanderthal AppearanceNeanderthal Appearance

TheThe originaloriginal brutish,brutish, stooped,stooped, apelikeapelikeappearanceappearance ofof NeanderthalNeanderthal foundfound inin thethetextbookstextbooks andand museumsmuseums waswas purposelypurposely posed,posed,andand waswas duedue toto preconceivedpreconceived evolutionaryevolutionary biasbiaslookinglooking forfor thethe missingmissing linklink..

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TheThe originaloriginal brutish,brutish, stooped,stooped, apelikeapelikeappearanceappearance ofof NeanderthalNeanderthal foundfound inin thethetextbookstextbooks andand museumsmuseums waswas purposelypurposely posed,posed,andand waswas duedue toto preconceivedpreconceived evolutionaryevolutionary biasbiaslookinglooking forfor thethe missingmissing linklink..

Neanderthal AppearanceNeanderthal Appearance [132]

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Recent artistRecent artistdepiction, no longerdepiction, no longerstoopstoop--like, but stilllike, but stillbrutish inbrutish inappearance.appearance.

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Recent artistRecent artistdepiction, no longerdepiction, no longerstoopstoop--like, but stilllike, but stillbrutish inbrutish inappearance.appearance.


Less biasedLess biaseddepiction.depiction.

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Neanderthal AppearanceNeanderthal Appearance [132;133]

Neanderthals wereNeanderthals weretoolmakers, hunters,toolmakers, hunters,skinned animals, andskinned animals, andmade fire.made fire.

“Neanderthals were most“Neanderthals were mostlikely no more hairy thanlikely no more hairy thanwe are, so they probablywe are, so they probablyused animal skins to keepused animal skins to keepthem warm.”them warm.”

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Neanderthals wereNeanderthals weretoolmakers, hunters,toolmakers, hunters,skinned animals, andskinned animals, andmade fire.made fire.

“Neanderthals were most“Neanderthals were mostlikely no more hairy thanlikely no more hairy thanwe are, so they probablywe are, so they probablyused animal skins to keepused animal skins to keepthem warm.”them warm.”


TheThe skeletonskeleton onon whichwhich thethe originaloriginal stoopedstooped brutishbrutishappearanceappearance waswas basedbased waswas ofof aa crippledcrippled manman withwithosteoarthritisosteoarthritis andand ricketsrickets..

WeWe nownow knowknow thatthat NeanderthalNeanderthal manman walkedwalked fullyfullyuprightupright andand wouldwould probablyprobably notnot causecause aa stirstir ifif hehewaswas dresseddressed inin aa businessbusiness suitsuit andand waswas sightedsightedwalkingwalking downdown MadisonMadison AvenueAvenue inin NewNew YorkYork CityCity..

WeWe alsoalso knowknow thatthat hishis cranialcranial capacitycapacity exceededexceededmodernmodern man’sman’s byby 1313 percentpercent..

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TheThe skeletonskeleton onon whichwhich thethe originaloriginal stoopedstooped brutishbrutishappearanceappearance waswas basedbased waswas ofof aa crippledcrippled manman withwithosteoarthritisosteoarthritis andand ricketsrickets..

WeWe nownow knowknow thatthat NeanderthalNeanderthal manman walkedwalked fullyfullyuprightupright andand wouldwould probablyprobably notnot causecause aa stirstir ifif hehewaswas dresseddressed inin aa businessbusiness suitsuit andand waswas sightedsightedwalkingwalking downdown MadisonMadison AvenueAvenue inin NewNew YorkYork CityCity..

WeWe alsoalso knowknow thatthat hishis cranialcranial capacitycapacity exceededexceededmodernmodern man’sman’s byby 1313 percentpercent..


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NeanderthalNeanderthalAppearanceAppearance [132]

NeanderthalNeanderthal

True man?True man?

What do youWhat do youthink?think?

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NeanderthalNeanderthal

True man?True man?

What do youWhat do youthink?think?

NeanderthalNeanderthal AppearanceAppearance [117]

NeanderthalNeanderthal andand CroCro--MagnonMagnon menmen werewere neverneverprimitiveprimitive..

ThereThere isis eveneven evidenceevidence thatthat NeanderthalNeanderthal mightmight stillstillbebe livingliving inin WesternWestern EuropeEurope todaytoday..

“In“In everyevery aspect,aspect, thethe shapeshape ofof thethe modernmodern WestWestEuropeanEuropean skullskull isis closercloser toto thethe shapeshape ofof thethe classicclassicNeanderthalNeanderthal craniumcranium thanthan toto thatthat ofof anyany otherothermodernmodern groupgroup inin otherother partsparts ofof thethe worldworld..”” CC.. LoringLoringBrace,Brace, Curator,Curator, UniversityUniversity ofof Michigan’sMichigan’s MuseumMuseum ofof AnthropologyAnthropology..

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NeanderthalNeanderthal andand CroCro--MagnonMagnon menmen werewere neverneverprimitiveprimitive..

ThereThere isis eveneven evidenceevidence thatthat NeanderthalNeanderthal mightmight stillstillbebe livingliving inin WesternWestern EuropeEurope todaytoday..

“In“In everyevery aspect,aspect, thethe shapeshape ofof thethe modernmodern WestWestEuropeanEuropean skullskull isis closercloser toto thethe shapeshape ofof thethe classicclassicNeanderthalNeanderthal craniumcranium thanthan toto thatthat ofof anyany otherothermodernmodern groupgroup inin otherother partsparts ofof thethe worldworld..”” CC.. LoringLoringBrace,Brace, Curator,Curator, UniversityUniversity ofof Michigan’sMichigan’s MuseumMuseum ofof AnthropologyAnthropology..

Chimpanzee andChimpanzee andHuman DNAHuman DNASimilaritiesSimilarities

51

Chimpanzee andChimpanzee andHuman DNAHuman DNASimilaritiesSimilarities

RecentlyRecently ((20092009),), PBSPBS airedaired “The“The CaseCase AgainstAgainstIntelligentIntelligent Design”Design” thatthat usedused similaritysimilarity inin DNADNAbetweenbetween chimpanzeeschimpanzees andand humanshumans..

TheThe PBSPBS documentarydocumentary assertedasserted thatthat evolutionevolution waswasprovenproven sincesince thethe DNADNA ofof humanhuman andand chimpschimps werewere9898%% similarsimilar..

Chimpanzee and Human DNA SimilaritiesChimpanzee and Human DNA Similarities [135]

52

RecentlyRecently ((20092009),), PBSPBS airedaired “The“The CaseCase AgainstAgainstIntelligentIntelligent Design”Design” thatthat usedused similaritysimilarity inin DNADNAbetweenbetween chimpanzeeschimpanzees andand humanshumans..

TheThe PBSPBS documentarydocumentary assertedasserted thatthat evolutionevolution waswasprovenproven sincesince thethe DNADNA ofof humanhuman andand chimpschimps werewere9898%% similarsimilar..


TheThe 9898%% similaritysimilarity statementstatement ofof thethe PBSPBSdocumentarydocumentary isis misleading,misleading, andand nownow consideredconsideredfalsefalse..

ScientistsScientists nownow believebelieve thethe similaritysimilarity isis inin thethe 9595--9696%% rangerange..

53

TheThe 9898%% similaritysimilarity statementstatement ofof thethe PBSPBSdocumentarydocumentary isis misleading,misleading, andand nownow consideredconsideredfalsefalse..

ScientistsScientists nownow believebelieve thethe similaritysimilarity isis inin thethe 9595--9696%% rangerange..


AccordingAccording thethe DrDr.. GeorgiaGeorgia PurdomPurdom::

HereHere areare somesome otherother interestinginteresting differencesdifferences betweenbetween thethehumanhuman andand chimpchimp genomesgenomes whichwhich areare oftenoften notnot reportedreported::

•• TheThe amountamount ofof chimpchimp DNADNA isis 1212%% largerlarger thanthan whatwhat ititisis inin humanshumans..

•• SeveralSeveral hundredhundred millionmillion basesbases (individual(individualcomponentscomponents ofof thethe DNA)DNA) ofof thethe chimpchimp genomegenome areare stillstillunanalyzedunanalyzed..(Continued)(Continued)

54

AccordingAccording thethe DrDr.. GeorgiaGeorgia PurdomPurdom::

HereHere areare somesome otherother interestinginteresting differencesdifferences betweenbetween thethehumanhuman andand chimpchimp genomesgenomes whichwhich areare oftenoften notnot reportedreported::

•• TheThe amountamount ofof chimpchimp DNADNA isis 1212%% largerlarger thanthan whatwhat ititisis inin humanshumans..

•• SeveralSeveral hundredhundred millionmillion basesbases (individual(individualcomponentscomponents ofof thethe DNA)DNA) ofof thethe chimpchimp genomegenome areare stillstillunanalyzedunanalyzed..(Continued)(Continued)

Chimpanzee and Human DNAChimpanzee and Human DNASimilaritiesSimilarities [135]

•• InIn manymany areasareas ofof thethe DNADNA sequence,sequence, majormajor“rearrangements”“rearrangements” seemseem apparentapparent.. TheseThese accountaccount forforperhapsperhaps 44––1010%% dissimilaritydissimilarity betweenbetween chimpschimps andandhumanshumans..

•• ChimpsChimps havehave 2323 chromosomeschromosomes andand humanshumans havehaveonlyonly 2222 (excluding(excluding sexsex chromosomeschromosomes forfor bothboth species)species)..

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•• InIn manymany areasareas ofof thethe DNADNA sequence,sequence, majormajor“rearrangements”“rearrangements” seemseem apparentapparent.. TheseThese accountaccount forforperhapsperhaps 44––1010%% dissimilaritydissimilarity betweenbetween chimpschimps andandhumanshumans..

•• ChimpsChimps havehave 2323 chromosomeschromosomes andand humanshumans havehaveonlyonly 2222 (excluding(excluding sexsex chromosomeschromosomes forfor bothboth species)species)..


AccordingAccording toto DrDr.. DavidDavid DeWittDeWitt::

TheThe useuse ofof percentagespercentages obscuresobscures thethe magnitudemagnitude ofof thethedifferencesdifferences.. ForFor example,example, 11..2323%% ofof thethe differencesdifferences arearesinglesingle basebase pairpair substitutionssubstitutions.. ThisThis doesn’tdoesn’t soundsound likelike muchmuchuntiluntil youyou realizerealize thatthat itit representsrepresents ~~3535 millionmillion mutations!mutations!ButBut thatthat isis onlyonly thethe beginning,beginning, becausebecause therethere areare ~~4040––4545millionmillion basesbases presentpresent inin humanshumans andand missingmissing fromfrom chimps,chimps,asas wellwell asas aboutabout thethe samesame numbernumber presentpresent inin chimpschimps thatthatisis absentabsent fromfrom manman..

(Continued)(Continued)

56

AccordingAccording toto DrDr.. DavidDavid DeWittDeWitt::

TheThe useuse ofof percentagespercentages obscuresobscures thethe magnitudemagnitude ofof thethedifferencesdifferences.. ForFor example,example, 11..2323%% ofof thethe differencesdifferences arearesinglesingle basebase pairpair substitutionssubstitutions.. ThisThis doesn’tdoesn’t soundsound likelike muchmuchuntiluntil youyou realizerealize thatthat itit representsrepresents ~~3535 millionmillion mutations!mutations!ButBut thatthat isis onlyonly thethe beginning,beginning, becausebecause therethere areare ~~4040––4545millionmillion basesbases presentpresent inin humanshumans andand missingmissing fromfrom chimps,chimps,asas wellwell asas aboutabout thethe samesame numbernumber presentpresent inin chimpschimps thatthatisis absentabsent fromfrom manman..



TheseThese extraextra DNADNA nucleotidesnucleotides areare calledcalled “insertions”“insertions” oror“deletions”“deletions” becausebecause theythey areare thoughtthought toto havehave beenbeen addedaddedinin oror lostlost fromfrom thethe sequencesequence.. ThisThis putsputs thethe totaltotal numbernumberofof DNADNA differencesdifferences atat aboutabout 125125 millionmillion.. However,However, sincesincethethe insertionsinsertions cancan bebe moremore thanthan oneone nucleotidenucleotide long,long,therethere areare aboutabout 4040 millionmillion separateseparate mutationmutation eventsevents thatthatwouldwould separateseparate thethe twotwo speciesspecies..

57

TheseThese extraextra DNADNA nucleotidesnucleotides areare calledcalled “insertions”“insertions” oror“deletions”“deletions” becausebecause theythey areare thoughtthought toto havehave beenbeen addedaddedinin oror lostlost fromfrom thethe sequencesequence.. ThisThis putsputs thethe totaltotal numbernumberofof DNADNA differencesdifferences atat aboutabout 125125 millionmillion.. However,However, sincesincethethe insertionsinsertions cancan bebe moremore thanthan oneone nucleotidenucleotide long,long,therethere areare aboutabout 4040 millionmillion separateseparate mutationmutation eventsevents thatthatwouldwould separateseparate thethe twotwo speciesspecies..

Modern Appearing FossilsModern Appearing Fossils [57]

AnatomicallyAnatomically modernmodern homohomo sapienssapiens fossilsfossils arearefoundfound inin stratastrata onon thethe evolutionist'sevolutionist's timetime chartschartsbackback toto 44..55 millionmillion yearsyears agoago..

•• TheseThese fossilsfossils areare contemporarycontemporary withwith allall thetheknownknown fossilfossil "ape"ape--men"men" thatthat evolutionistsevolutionists havehaveinin theirtheir treetree..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists ignoreignore andand discountdiscount thesethesefossilsfossils..

58

AnatomicallyAnatomically modernmodern homohomo sapienssapiens fossilsfossils arearefoundfound inin stratastrata onon thethe evolutionist'sevolutionist's timetime chartschartsbackback toto 44..55 millionmillion yearsyears agoago..

•• TheseThese fossilsfossils areare contemporarycontemporary withwith allall thetheknownknown fossilfossil "ape"ape--men"men" thatthat evolutionistsevolutionists havehaveinin theirtheir treetree..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists ignoreignore andand discountdiscount thesethesefossilsfossils..

Modern Appearing FossilsModern Appearing Fossils [57]

IfIf modernmodern humanhuman fossilsfossils existexist inin thethe samesame timetimeperiodperiod withwith humanoidhumanoid fossils,fossils, cancan thethe humanoidshumanoidsbebe man'sman's evolutionaryevolutionary ancestorsancestors??

59

Foss

il Ti

me

Char

tFo

ssil

Tim

e Ch

art[1

1;57

]FOSSIL TIME CHART

mya = MILLION YEARS AGO (evolution time scale)1mya 2mya 3mya 4mya 5mya

Homo Sapien Like Fossils(Anatomically Modern)

Archaic Homo Sapiens

Neandertal

Homo Erectus

Homo Habilis

Australopithicus Africanus

Australopithicus Afarensis("Lucy")

Australopithicus Robustus/Boisei

Since these fossils are contemporary with anatomically modern Homo Sapien likefossils, can any be the missing link in an evolutionary system???

Modern Appearing HomoSapien Like Fossils(Anatomically Modern)

Neandertal

Homo Erectus


60

Foss

il Ti

me

Char

tFo

ssil

Tim

e Ch

art[1

1;57

]FOSSIL TIME CHART

mya = MILLION YEARS AGO (evolution time scale)1mya 2mya 3mya 4mya 5mya

Homo Sapien Like Fossils(Anatomically Modern)


Neandertal

Homo Erectus

Homo Habilis


Australopithicus Afarensis("Lucy")

Australopithicus Robustus/Boisei

Since these fossils are contemporary with anatomically modern Homo Sapien likefossils, can any be the missing link in an evolutionary system???

Homo Erectus

Homo Habilis


Australopithicus Afarensis (Lucy)

AustralopithicusRobustis/Boisei

Fossil Time ChartFossil Time Chart [11;57]

SinceSince thethe fossilsfossils shownshown onon thethe chartchart areare inin thethesamesame timetime periodperiod withwith anatomicallyanatomically modernmodernhomohomo sapiensapien likelike fossilsfossils cancan anyany bebe thethe soso--calledcalled missingmissing link?link?

AccordingAccording toto BooherBooher,, HomoHomo erectuserectus mightmight bebeaa candidate,candidate, butbut hehe maymay justjust asas wellwell bebe “fully“fullymanman..””

61

SinceSince thethe fossilsfossils shownshown onon thethe chartchart areare inin thethesamesame timetime periodperiod withwith anatomicallyanatomically modernmodernhomohomo sapiensapien likelike fossilsfossils cancan anyany bebe thethe soso--calledcalled missingmissing link?link?

AccordingAccording toto BooherBooher,, HomoHomo erectuserectus mightmight bebeaa candidate,candidate, butbut hehe maymay justjust asas wellwell bebe “fully“fullymanman..””

RAMAPITHECUSRAMAPITHECUS [11;47]

62

RAMAPITHECUSRAMAPITHECUS [11]

AsAs ofof thethe midmid 19701970’s,’s, thetheillustrationillustration usedused atat leftleft waswasbasedbased entirelyentirely onon thethe jawjaw andandteethteeth fragmentsfragments –– nono otherotherbonesbones werewere foundfound..

OnOn thethe basisbasis ofof onlyonly thethe jawjawandand teethteeth fragments,fragments, thethecreaturecreature waswas consideredconsidered toto bebeanan evolutionaryevolutionary linklink inin thethechainchain leadingleading toto modernmodern manman..

63

AsAs ofof thethe midmid 19701970’s,’s, thetheillustrationillustration usedused atat leftleft waswasbasedbased entirelyentirely onon thethe jawjaw andandteethteeth fragmentsfragments –– nono otherotherbonesbones werewere foundfound..

OnOn thethe basisbasis ofof onlyonly thethe jawjawandand teethteeth fragments,fragments, thethecreaturecreature waswas consideredconsidered toto bebeanan evolutionaryevolutionary linklink inin thethechainchain leadingleading toto modernmodern manman..

RAMAPITHECUSRAMAPITHECUS [11]

ItIt waswas notnot untiluntil 19791979 thatthat aacompletecomplete skullskull waswasdiscovereddiscovered –– itit turnedturned outout totobebe similarsimilar toto aa modernmodernorangutanorangutan..

64

ItIt waswas notnot untiluntil 19791979 thatthat aacompletecomplete skullskull waswasdiscovereddiscovered –– itit turnedturned outout totobebe similarsimilar toto aa modernmodernorangutanorangutan..

Nebraska ManNebraska Man

NebraskaNebraska manman waswas constructedconstructed onon thethe findfind ofofonlyonly oneone toothtooth.. [47]

AnAn illustrationillustration ofof NebraskaNebraska Man,Man, mademade bybyartistartist AmedeeAmedee ForestierForestier,, waswas modeledmodeled onon thetheJavaJava ManMan.. [111]

65

NebraskaNebraska manman waswas constructedconstructed onon thethe findfind ofofonlyonly oneone toothtooth.. [47]

AnAn illustrationillustration ofof NebraskaNebraska Man,Man, mademade bybyartistartist AmedeeAmedee ForestierForestier,, waswas modeledmodeled onon thetheJavaJava ManMan.. [111]

Nebraska ManNebraska Man [1]

66

Nebraska ManNebraska Man [47]

SomeSome yearsyears laterlater theythey dugdug upup thethe completecompleteskeletonskeleton thatthat thethe toothtooth belongedbelonged toto..

ItIt turnedturned outout toto bebe aa speciesspecies ofof extinctextinct pigpig..

67

SomeSome yearsyears laterlater theythey dugdug upup thethe completecompleteskeletonskeleton thatthat thethe toothtooth belongedbelonged toto..

ItIt turnedturned outout toto bebe aa speciesspecies ofof extinctextinct pigpig..

Nebraska ManNebraska Man

68

The real picture.The real picture.

Southwest Colorado ManSouthwest Colorado Man

SouthwestSouthwest ColoradoColorado manman waswas likewiselikewiseconstructedconstructed fromfrom aa toothtooth thatthat laterlater turnedturned outout totobebe thatthat ofof aa horsehorse.. [47]

69

SouthwestSouthwest ColoradoColorado manman waswas likewiselikewiseconstructedconstructed fromfrom aa toothtooth thatthat laterlater turnedturned outout totobebe thatthat ofof aa horsehorse.. [47]

FOSSIL MANFOSSIL MAN [12]

BonesBones ofof manymany modernmodern lookinglooking humanshumans havehavebeenbeen foundfound inin undisturbedundisturbed rocks,rocks, thatthat accordingaccordingtoto evolutionistsevolutionists formedformed longlong beforebefore humanshumanssupposedlysupposedly evolvedevolved..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists almostalmost alwaysalways ignoreignore thesetheseremainsremains..

70

BonesBones ofof manymany modernmodern lookinglooking humanshumans havehavebeenbeen foundfound inin undisturbedundisturbed rocks,rocks, thatthat accordingaccordingtoto evolutionistsevolutionists formedformed longlong beforebefore humanshumanssupposedlysupposedly evolvedevolved..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists almostalmost alwaysalways ignoreignore thesetheseremainsremains..

FOSSIL MANFOSSIL MAN [12;18]

SpeakingSpeaking ofof oneone suchsuch find,find, thethe CastenedoloCastenedolo (Italy)(Italy)skeletons,skeletons, SirSir ArthurArthur KeithKeith writeswrites::

"As"As thethe studentstudent ofof prehistoricprehistoric manman readsreads andandstudiesstudies thethe recordsrecords ofof thethe ''CastenedoloCastenedolo'' find,find, aafeelingfeeling ofof incredulityincredulity risesrises withinwithin himhim.. HeHe cannotcannotrejectreject thethe discoverydiscovery asas falsefalse withoutwithout doingdoing ananinjuryinjury toto hishis sensesense ofof truth,truth, andand hehe cannotcannot acceptaccept ititasas aa factfact withoutwithout shatteringshattering hishis acceptedaccepted beliefsbeliefs..ArthurArthur Keith,Keith, THETHE ANTIQUITYANTIQUITY OFOF MAN,MAN, LondonLondon:: WilliamsWilliams andand NorgateNorgate,, LtdLtd..,, 19251925,, pp..334334..

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SpeakingSpeaking ofof oneone suchsuch find,find, thethe CastenedoloCastenedolo (Italy)(Italy)skeletons,skeletons, SirSir ArthurArthur KeithKeith writeswrites::

"As"As thethe studentstudent ofof prehistoricprehistoric manman readsreads andandstudiesstudies thethe recordsrecords ofof thethe ''CastenedoloCastenedolo'' find,find, aafeelingfeeling ofof incredulityincredulity risesrises withinwithin himhim.. HeHe cannotcannotrejectreject thethe discoverydiscovery asas falsefalse withoutwithout doingdoing ananinjuryinjury toto hishis sensesense ofof truth,truth, andand hehe cannotcannot acceptaccept ititasas aa factfact withoutwithout shatteringshattering hishis acceptedaccepted beliefsbeliefs..ArthurArthur Keith,Keith, THETHE ANTIQUITYANTIQUITY OFOF MAN,MAN, LondonLondon:: WilliamsWilliams andand NorgateNorgate,, LtdLtd..,, 19251925,, pp..334334..

FOSSIL MANFOSSIL MAN [12;18]

InIn spitespite ofof hishis statement,statement, andand withwith nono furtherfurtherevidence,evidence, KeithKeith wrotewrote thisthis offoff asas anan intrusiveintrusiveburial,burial, citingciting thethe factfact ofof thethe bonesbones beingbeing unun--fossilizedfossilized..

KeithKeith ignoredignored thethe factfact thatthat thethe bonesbones werewereencasedencased inin aa clayclay layerlayer thatthat wouldwould havehavepreventedprevented contactcontact withwith mineralmineral bearingbearing water,water,aa requirementrequirement forfor fossilizationfossilization..

72

InIn spitespite ofof hishis statement,statement, andand withwith nono furtherfurtherevidence,evidence, KeithKeith wrotewrote thisthis offoff asas anan intrusiveintrusiveburial,burial, citingciting thethe factfact ofof thethe bonesbones beingbeing unun--fossilizedfossilized..

KeithKeith ignoredignored thethe factfact thatthat thethe bonesbones werewereencasedencased inin aa clayclay layerlayer thatthat wouldwould havehavepreventedprevented contactcontact withwith mineralmineral bearingbearing water,water,aa requirementrequirement forfor fossilizationfossilization..

5 Minute Break5 Minute Break

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5 Minute Break5 Minute Break

THE SCIENCE OF CREATIONTHE SCIENCE OF CREATIONLesson 05Lesson 05--0202

Missing Links & The Search forMissing Links & The Search forAdam and EveAdam and Eve

74

Missing Links & The SearchMissing Links & The Searchfor Adam and Evefor Adam and Eve

References to geologic ages or age of fossilsReferences to geologic ages or age of fossilsrepresent the assumptions of evolutionaryrepresent the assumptions of evolutionaryscientists.scientists.

These ages are used for illustrative purposesThese ages are used for illustrative purposesonly.only.

These evolutionary dates are not accepted byThese evolutionary dates are not accepted bythe creationist position represented in thisthe creationist position represented in thisclass.class. 75

References to geologic ages or age of fossilsReferences to geologic ages or age of fossilsrepresent the assumptions of evolutionaryrepresent the assumptions of evolutionaryscientists.scientists.

These ages are used for illustrative purposesThese ages are used for illustrative purposesonly.only.

These evolutionary dates are not accepted byThese evolutionary dates are not accepted bythe creationist position represented in thisthe creationist position represented in thisclass.class.

LucyLucy

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LucyLucy

AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines

LucyLucy maymay bestbest bebe describeddescribed as,as, “an“an unusualunusual apeapewithwith smallsmall frontfront teeth,teeth, largelarge jawjaw andand broadbroad cheekcheekteethteeth..””

AA BritishBritish anatomistanatomist describesdescribes Australopithecines,Australopithecines,ofof whichwhich thethe bestbest knownknown isis Lucy,Lucy, asas apesapesunrelatedunrelated toto manman..

HomoHomo SapiensSapiens (modern(modern man)man) areare foundfound inin stratastratalowerlower thanthan bothboth HomoHomo ErectusErectus andandAustralopithecusAustralopithecus.. [11]

77

LucyLucy maymay bestbest bebe describeddescribed as,as, “an“an unusualunusual apeapewithwith smallsmall frontfront teeth,teeth, largelarge jawjaw andand broadbroad cheekcheekteethteeth..””

AA BritishBritish anatomistanatomist describesdescribes Australopithecines,Australopithecines,ofof whichwhich thethe bestbest knownknown isis Lucy,Lucy, asas apesapesunrelatedunrelated toto manman..

HomoHomo SapiensSapiens (modern(modern man)man) areare foundfound inin stratastratalowerlower thanthan bothboth HomoHomo ErectusErectus andandAustralopithecusAustralopithecus.. [11]

LucyLucy [136;137]

Artist depiction ofAustralopithecusAfarensis motherand baby at left.

78

Complete baby skull found inDec. 2000 at right.

LucyLucyThe HoustonThe HoustonMuseum ofMuseum ofNatural ScienceNatural Sciencemagazinemagazineadvertisement foradvertisement for2007 exhibit of2007 exhibit ofLucy’s skeleton.Lucy’s skeleton.

“How do you“How do yourelate?”relate?”

“Her story is Your“Her story is Yourstory”story”

79

The HoustonThe HoustonMuseum ofMuseum ofNatural ScienceNatural Sciencemagazinemagazineadvertisement foradvertisement for2007 exhibit of2007 exhibit ofLucy’s skeleton.Lucy’s skeleton.

“How do you“How do yourelate?”relate?”

“Her story is Your“Her story is Yourstory”story”

LucyLucy [11;136]

Not much found.Not much found.

Notice that the feet areNotice that the feet aremissing.missing.

This makes it easy forThis makes it easy forevolutionists toevolutionists to assumeassumethat a Lucy like creaturethat a Lucy like creaturemade the human likemade the human likefootprints atfootprints at LaetoliLaetoli,,Tanzania.Tanzania.

80

Not much found.Not much found.

Notice that the feet areNotice that the feet aremissing.missing.

This makes it easy forThis makes it easy forevolutionists toevolutionists to assumeassumethat a Lucy like creaturethat a Lucy like creaturemade the human likemade the human likefootprints atfootprints at LaetoliLaetoli,,Tanzania.Tanzania.

LucyLucy [11;136]

DiscoveredDiscovered byby DonaldDonald JohansonJohansonandand TomTom GrayGray inin 19741974 atat HadarHadar ininEthiopiaEthiopia..

Lucy’sLucy’s ageage isis saidsaid toto bebe aboutabout 33..22millionmillion yearsyears..

LucyLucy waswas anan adultadult femalefemale ofof aboutabout2525 yearsyears andand waswas assignedassigned toto thethespeciesspecies AustralopithecusAustralopithecus AfarensisAfarensis..AboutAbout 4040%% ofof herher skeletonskeleton waswasfoundfound..

81

DiscoveredDiscovered byby DonaldDonald JohansonJohansonandand TomTom GrayGray inin 19741974 atat HadarHadar ininEthiopiaEthiopia..

Lucy’sLucy’s ageage isis saidsaid toto bebe aboutabout 33..22millionmillion yearsyears..

LucyLucy waswas anan adultadult femalefemale ofof aboutabout2525 yearsyears andand waswas assignedassigned toto thethespeciesspecies AustralopithecusAustralopithecus AfarensisAfarensis..AboutAbout 4040%% ofof herher skeletonskeleton waswasfoundfound..

LucyLucy [11;136]

SheShe isis claimedclaimed toto bebe bipedalbipedal(walked(walked upright),upright), butbut atat leastleast twotwoauthoritiesauthorities havehave claimedclaimed thatthatAustralopithecinesAustralopithecines werewere notnotbipedalbipedal..

SheShe isis saidsaid toto alsoalso showshow evidenceevidenceofof treetree dwellingdwelling..

SheShe waswas aboutabout 33‘‘66"" talltall (small(small forforherher species)species) andand aboutabout 6262 lbslbs ininweightweight..

82

SheShe isis claimedclaimed toto bebe bipedalbipedal(walked(walked upright),upright), butbut atat leastleast twotwoauthoritiesauthorities havehave claimedclaimed thatthatAustralopithecinesAustralopithecines werewere notnotbipedalbipedal..

SheShe isis saidsaid toto alsoalso showshow evidenceevidenceofof treetree dwellingdwelling..

SheShe waswas aboutabout 33‘‘66"" talltall (small(small forforherher species)species) andand aboutabout 6262 lbslbs ininweightweight..

Lucy’s Prints?Lucy’s Prints? [11; 113]

ThereThere isis aa findfind ofof footprintsfootprints fromfrom LaetoliLaetoli,, Tanzania,Tanzania,foundfound inin volcanicvolcanic ash,ash, claimedclaimed byby MaryMary LeakeyLeakey totobebe ofof AustralopithecusAustralopithecus AfarensisAfarensis (Lucy),(Lucy), anan extinctextinctmonkeymonkey..

SheShe sayssays thethe footprintsfootprints areare 33..66 millionmillion yearsyears oldold..

InIn comparisoncomparison withwith modernmodern animals,animals, thetheAustralopitecinesAustralopitecines,, ofof whichwhich LucyLucy isis consideredconsidered aamember,member, resembleresemble orangutansorangutans..

83

ThereThere isis aa findfind ofof footprintsfootprints fromfrom LaetoliLaetoli,, Tanzania,Tanzania,foundfound inin volcanicvolcanic ash,ash, claimedclaimed byby MaryMary LeakeyLeakey totobebe ofof AustralopithecusAustralopithecus AfarensisAfarensis (Lucy),(Lucy), anan extinctextinctmonkeymonkey..

SheShe sayssays thethe footprintsfootprints areare 33..66 millionmillion yearsyears oldold..

InIn comparisoncomparison withwith modernmodern animals,animals, thetheAustralopitecinesAustralopitecines,, ofof whichwhich LucyLucy isis consideredconsidered aamember,member, resembleresemble orangutansorangutans..

Lucy’s Prints?Lucy’s Prints? [11]

AccordingAccording toto HaroldHarold BooherBooher::

[T]he[T]he footprintsfootprints [at[at LaetoliLaetoli]] areare indistinguishableindistinguishablefromfrom humanhuman prints,prints, soso couldcould notnot havehave beenbeen mademadebyby AA.. AfarensisAfarensis whosewhose feetfeet werewere long,long, curved,curved,andand heavilyheavily muscledmuscled forfor arborealarboreal [tree][tree]movementmovement.. NoNo evolutionistevolutionist hashas signedsigned upup yetyet forforthethe obvious,obvious, thatthat humanshumans mademade thethe printsprints –– butbutwhoeverwhoever mademade them,them, itit waswas notnot LucyLucy andand herherfriendsfriends..

84

AccordingAccording toto HaroldHarold BooherBooher::

[T]he[T]he footprintsfootprints [at[at LaetoliLaetoli]] areare indistinguishableindistinguishablefromfrom humanhuman prints,prints, soso couldcould notnot havehave beenbeen mademadebyby AA.. AfarensisAfarensis whosewhose feetfeet werewere long,long, curved,curved,andand heavilyheavily muscledmuscled forfor arborealarboreal [tree][tree]movementmovement.. NoNo evolutionistevolutionist hashas signedsigned upup yetyet forforthethe obvious,obvious, thatthat humanshumans mademade thethe printsprints –– butbutwhoeverwhoever mademade them,them, itit waswas notnot LucyLucy andand herherfriendsfriends..

Lucy’sLucy’sPrints?Prints? [11]

85

Lucy’sLucy’sPrints?Prints? [11]

86


II havehave excerptedexcerpted somesome keykey statementsstatements fromfrom ananarticlearticle fromfrom ScientificScientific AmericanAmerican,, 11 AugustAugust 20052005,,thatthat callscalls intointo questionquestion thethe standardstandard explanationexplanationconcerningconcerning whetherwhether aa creaturecreature likelike LucyLucy mademade thetheLaetoliLaetoli printsprints..

ToTo bebe fairfair thethe articlearticle doesdoes notnot suggestsuggest thatthatmodernmodern humanshumans mademade thethe prints,prints, onlyonly thatthatwhoeverwhoever mademade themthem hadhad feetfeet andand aa stridingstridinggaitgait likelike modernmodern humanshumans..

87

II havehave excerptedexcerpted somesome keykey statementsstatements fromfrom ananarticlearticle fromfrom ScientificScientific AmericanAmerican,, 11 AugustAugust 20052005,,thatthat callscalls intointo questionquestion thethe standardstandard explanationexplanationconcerningconcerning whetherwhether aa creaturecreature likelike LucyLucy mademade thetheLaetoliLaetoli printsprints..

ToTo bebe fairfair thethe articlearticle doesdoes notnot suggestsuggest thatthatmodernmodern humanshumans mademade thethe prints,prints, onlyonly thatthatwhoeverwhoever mademade themthem hadhad feetfeet andand aa stridingstridinggaitgait likelike modernmodern humanshumans..


TheThe printsprints showshow thatthat whoeverwhoever mademade themthem hadhad aahumanlikehumanlike footfoot archarch…… thethe ancientancient footprintsfootprints werewereleftleft byby individualsindividuals whowho hadhad aa stridingstriding bipedalbipedal gaitgaitveryvery muchmuch likelike thatthat ofof peoplepeople todaytoday…….... thethe AA..afarensisafarensis bonebone resembledresembled thatthat ofof thethe flatflat--footedfootedapes,apes, makingmaking itit improbableimprobable thatthat itsits footfoot hadhad anan archarchlikelike ourour ownown.. AsAs such,such, thethe researchersresearchers report,report, AA..afarensisafarensis almostalmost certainlycertainly diddid notnot walkwalk likelike usus or,or, bybyextension,extension, likelike thethe hominidshominids atat LaetoliLaetoli.. Kate Wong,FOOTPRINTS TO FILL, Flat feet and doubts about makers of theLaetoli tracks, Scientific American, In Focus, August 1, 2005.

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TheThe printsprints showshow thatthat whoeverwhoever mademade themthem hadhad aahumanlikehumanlike footfoot archarch…… thethe ancientancient footprintsfootprints werewereleftleft byby individualsindividuals whowho hadhad aa stridingstriding bipedalbipedal gaitgaitveryvery muchmuch likelike thatthat ofof peoplepeople todaytoday…….... thethe AA..afarensisafarensis bonebone resembledresembled thatthat ofof thethe flatflat--footedfootedapes,apes, makingmaking itit improbableimprobable thatthat itsits footfoot hadhad anan archarchlikelike ourour ownown.. AsAs such,such, thethe researchersresearchers report,report, AA..afarensisafarensis almostalmost certainlycertainly diddid notnot walkwalk likelike usus or,or, bybyextension,extension, likelike thethe hominidshominids atat LaetoliLaetoli.. Kate Wong,FOOTPRINTS TO FILL, Flat feet and doubts about makers of theLaetoli tracks, Scientific American, In Focus, August 1, 2005.

LaetoliLaetoli PrintsPrints [138]

In this videopresentation Dr. Mentondescribes that Lucy wasreconstructed usinghuman like feet,because they firmlybelieve that a Lucy likecreature made theprints.

89

In this videopresentation Dr. Mentondescribes that Lucy wasreconstructed usinghuman like feet,because they firmlybelieve that a Lucy likecreature made theprints.

LaetoliLaetoli PrintsPrints [138]

InIn thethe videovideo presentation,presentation, LUCY,LUCY, SHE’SSHE’S NoNo LADY,LADY,DrDr.. MentonMenton describesdescribes thethe biasbias ofof evolutionistsevolutionists bybyrelatingrelating aa responseresponse toto hishis questionquestion toto MaryMaryLeakey,Leakey, whenwhen hehe askedasked why,why, sincesince thethe footprintsfootprintswerewere humanlike,humanlike, couldn’tcouldn’t theythey havehave beenbeen mademadebyby humans?humans?

She responded that:She responded that:

“Surely“Surely youyou know,know, thatthat humanshumans werewere notnot aroundaround33 millionmillion yearsyears agoago..””

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InIn thethe videovideo presentation,presentation, LUCY,LUCY, SHE’SSHE’S NoNo LADY,LADY,DrDr.. MentonMenton describesdescribes thethe biasbias ofof evolutionistsevolutionists bybyrelatingrelating aa responseresponse toto hishis questionquestion toto MaryMaryLeakey,Leakey, whenwhen hehe askedasked why,why, sincesince thethe footprintsfootprintswerewere humanlike,humanlike, couldn’tcouldn’t theythey havehave beenbeen mademadebyby humans?humans?

She responded that:She responded that:

“Surely“Surely youyou know,know, thatthat humanshumans werewere notnot aroundaround33 millionmillion yearsyears agoago..””

Laetoli Prints Clip

Missing LinksMissing Links

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AA missingmissing linklink isis anan organismorganism thatthat accordingaccording totoevolutionevolution theorytheory isis inin transitiontransition fromfrom oneonespeciesspecies toto anotheranother (macroevolution)(macroevolution)..

AnAn exampleexample wouldwould bebe aa fossilfossil thatthat isis ananintermediateintermediate betweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds..

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AA missingmissing linklink isis anan organismorganism thatthat accordingaccording totoevolutionevolution theorytheory isis inin transitiontransition fromfrom oneonespeciesspecies toto anotheranother (macroevolution)(macroevolution)..

AnAn exampleexample wouldwould bebe aa fossilfossil thatthat isis ananintermediateintermediate betweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds..

ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?)ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?) [12;47]

94(Arch-ae-op-te-ryx)


"Found""Found" inin 18611861,, andand soldsold forfor aa highhigh price,price,ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx isis aa supposedsupposed "missing"missing linklink..““

ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx meansmeans:: ArchaeArchae (ancient),(ancient), pteryxpteryx(wing)(wing)..

ItIt isis supposedlysupposedly aa halfhalf bird,bird, halfhalf dinosaurdinosaur..

ItIt isis aa featheredfeathered dinosaurdinosaur..

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"Found""Found" inin 18611861,, andand soldsold forfor aa highhigh price,price,ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx isis aa supposedsupposed "missing"missing linklink..““

ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx meansmeans:: ArchaeArchae (ancient),(ancient), pteryxpteryx(wing)(wing)..

ItIt isis supposedlysupposedly aa halfhalf bird,bird, halfhalf dinosaurdinosaur..

ItIt isis aa featheredfeathered dinosaurdinosaur..


ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx andand otherother featheredfeathered dinosaursdinosaurshavehave appearedappeared inin numerousnumerous publicationspublications andandtextbookstextbooks asas proofproof ofof evolution,evolution, thethe supposedsupposedmissingmissing linklink..

TheThe factfact isis thatthat thesethese areare assumptions,assumptions, andand thethefossilfossil may,may, inin fact,fact, bebe onlyonly anan extinctextinct birdbird oror aafraudfraud..

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ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx andand otherother featheredfeathered dinosaursdinosaurshavehave appearedappeared inin numerousnumerous publicationspublications andandtextbookstextbooks asas proofproof ofof evolution,evolution, thethe supposedsupposedmissingmissing linklink..

TheThe factfact isis thatthat thesethese areare assumptions,assumptions, andand thethefossilfossil may,may, inin fact,fact, bebe onlyonly anan extinctextinct birdbird oror aafraudfraud..


ThereThere isis aa problemproblem withwith thesethese fossilsfossils..

SinceSince thethe earlyearly 19801980's's severalseveral prominentprominent scientistscientisthavehave chargedcharged thatthat ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx isis aa forgeryforgery..

InIn fact,fact, withoutwithout thethe forgedforged feathers,feathers,ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx wouldwould bebe thethe smallsmall catcat sizedsizeddinosaur,dinosaur, CompsognathusCompsognathus..

(Comp(Comp--sogsog--nathnath--us)us)

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ThereThere isis aa problemproblem withwith thesethese fossilsfossils..

SinceSince thethe earlyearly 19801980's's severalseveral prominentprominent scientistscientisthavehave chargedcharged thatthat ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx isis aa forgeryforgery..

InIn fact,fact, withoutwithout thethe forgedforged feathers,feathers,ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx wouldwould bebe thethe smallsmall catcat sizedsizeddinosaur,dinosaur, CompsognathusCompsognathus..

(Comp(Comp--sogsog--nathnath--us)us)


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EvidenceEvidence ofof thethe forgeryforgery includesincludes thethe factfact thatthat thethematingmating facesfaces ofof thethe rockrock wherewhere thethe fossilfossilimpressionimpression residesresides dodo notnot matemate..

TheThe featherfeather impressionsimpressions alsoalso showshow aa doubledoublestrike,strike, duedue toto slippageslippage duringduring thethe forgeryforgeryprocessprocess..

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EvidenceEvidence ofof thethe forgeryforgery includesincludes thethe factfact thatthat thethematingmating facesfaces ofof thethe rockrock wherewhere thethe fossilfossilimpressionimpression residesresides dodo notnot matemate..

TheThe featherfeather impressionsimpressions alsoalso showshow aa doubledoublestrike,strike, duedue toto slippageslippage duringduring thethe forgeryforgeryprocessprocess..


TwoTwo modernmodern birdsbirds havehave recentlyrecently beenbeen discovereddiscoveredinin rockrock stratastrata dateddated olderolder thatthat thethe rockrock strata,strata, ininwhichwhich ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx waswas foundfound..

ThisThis showsshows thatthat ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx couldcould notnot bebethethe "missing"missing link"link" betweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds..

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TwoTwo modernmodern birdsbirds havehave recentlyrecently beenbeen discovereddiscoveredinin rockrock stratastrata dateddated olderolder thatthat thethe rockrock strata,strata, ininwhichwhich ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx waswas foundfound..

ThisThis showsshows thatthat ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx couldcould notnot bebethethe "missing"missing link"link" betweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds..


AnotherAnother featheredfeathered dinosaurdinosaur foundfound inin China,China, andandfeaturedfeatured inin anan articlearticle inin thethe NationalNational GeographicGeographicNovemberNovember 19991999 issueissue asas thethe missingmissing linklinkbetweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birds,birds, waswas laterlater denounceddenouncedasas aa possiblepossible hoaxhoax inin thethe NationalNational GeographicGeographicOctoberOctober 20002000 editionedition..

ItIt isis supposedlysupposedly aa compositecomposite..

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AnotherAnother featheredfeathered dinosaurdinosaur foundfound inin China,China, andandfeaturedfeatured inin anan articlearticle inin thethe NationalNational GeographicGeographicNovemberNovember 19991999 issueissue asas thethe missingmissing linklinkbetweenbetween reptilesreptiles andand birds,birds, waswas laterlater denounceddenouncedasas aa possiblepossible hoaxhoax inin thethe NationalNational GeographicGeographicOctoberOctober 20002000 editionedition..

ItIt isis supposedlysupposedly aa compositecomposite..

ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?)ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?)ItIt isis saidsaid thatthat sincesince ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx hadhad teethteeth itit isis aatransitionaltransitional formform..

•• However,However, otherother ancientancient birdsbirds hadhad teethteeth..

•• Likewise,Likewise, somesome fishfish havehave teeth,teeth, andand somesome don’tdon’t ––theythey areare stillstill fishfish..

•• SomeSome amphibiansamphibians andand animalsanimals havehave teeth,teeth, andandsomesome don’tdon’t..

TheThe presencepresence ofof teethteeth inin ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx doesdoes notnot makemakeitit transitionaltransitional betweenbetween reptilereptile andand birdsbirds..

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ItIt isis saidsaid thatthat sincesince ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx hadhad teethteeth itit isis aatransitionaltransitional formform..

•• However,However, otherother ancientancient birdsbirds hadhad teethteeth..

•• Likewise,Likewise, somesome fishfish havehave teeth,teeth, andand somesome don’tdon’t ––theythey areare stillstill fishfish..

•• SomeSome amphibiansamphibians andand animalsanimals havehave teeth,teeth, andandsomesome don’tdon’t..

TheThe presencepresence ofof teethteeth inin ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx doesdoes notnot makemakeitit transitionaltransitional betweenbetween reptilereptile andand birdsbirds..

ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?)ARCHAEOPTERYX (A MISSING LINK?)

SinceSince ancientancient modernmodern birdbird fossilsfossils thatthat prepre--datedateArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx havehave beenbeen found,found, ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryxcannotcannot bebe consideredconsidered aa transitionaltransitional formform betweenbetweenreptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds.. [32;101]

AtAt best,best, ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx cancan bebe describeddescribed asas ananextinctextinct creature,creature, notnot anan intermediateintermediate formform..

PaleontologistsPaleontologists nownow acknowledgeacknowledge ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryxtoto havehave beenbeen aa truetrue birdbird.. [32;47]

But,But, itit isis stillstill representedrepresented asas evidenceevidence forforevolutionevolution.. 103

SinceSince ancientancient modernmodern birdbird fossilsfossils thatthat prepre--datedateArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx havehave beenbeen found,found, ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryxcannotcannot bebe consideredconsidered aa transitionaltransitional formform betweenbetweenreptilesreptiles andand birdsbirds.. [32;101]

AtAt best,best, ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryx cancan bebe describeddescribed asas ananextinctextinct creature,creature, notnot anan intermediateintermediate formform..

PaleontologistsPaleontologists nownow acknowledgeacknowledge ArchaeopteryxArchaeopteryxtoto havehave beenbeen aa truetrue birdbird.. [32;47]

But,But, itit isis stillstill representedrepresented asas evidenceevidence forforevolutionevolution..

GapsGaps [47;91;101]

EvenEven thoughthough wewe cannotcannot findfind evidenceevidence ofofintermediateintermediate formsforms inin thethe fossilfossil record,record,evolutionistsevolutionists believebelieve therethere areare gapsgaps,, andand thusthuscontinuallycontinually seekseek thethe soso--calledcalled missingmissing linklink..

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EvenEven thoughthough wewe cannotcannot findfind evidenceevidence ofofintermediateintermediate formsforms inin thethe fossilfossil record,record,evolutionistsevolutionists believebelieve therethere areare gapsgaps,, andand thusthuscontinuallycontinually seekseek thethe soso--calledcalled missingmissing linklink..

GapsGaps [91]

WeWe shouldshould seesee manymany transitional,transitional, ororintermediate,intermediate, formsforms inin thethe fossilfossil recordrecord ififevolutionevolution isis truetrue..

IfIf evolutionevolution isis notnot truetrue,, andand eacheach “kind”“kind” ofofcreaturecreature waswas createdcreated separatelyseparately,, thenthen “the“the fossilfossilrecordrecord shouldshould showshow creaturescreatures appearingappearingabruptlyabruptly andand fullyfully formedformed..””

This is exactly what we do find.This is exactly what we do find.

105

WeWe shouldshould seesee manymany transitional,transitional, ororintermediate,intermediate, formsforms inin thethe fossilfossil recordrecord ififevolutionevolution isis truetrue..

IfIf evolutionevolution isis notnot truetrue,, andand eacheach “kind”“kind” ofofcreaturecreature waswas createdcreated separatelyseparately,, thenthen “the“the fossilfossilrecordrecord shouldshould showshow creaturescreatures appearingappearingabruptlyabruptly andand fullyfully formedformed..””

This is exactly what we do find.This is exactly what we do find.

GapsGaps

“All 32 mammal orders appear“All 32 mammal orders appearabruptly and fully formed in the fossilabruptly and fully formed in the fossilrecord.”record.”

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“All 32 mammal orders appear“All 32 mammal orders appearabruptly and fully formed in the fossilabruptly and fully formed in the fossilrecord.”record.”

GapsGaps [109]

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Chart documenting that the major animal phyla foundChart documenting that the major animal phyla foundin the fossil record are living today.in the fossil record are living today.

GapsGaps [109]

Key to chart.Key to chart.(a) Annelida (clamworms, earthworms, leeches)(b) Arthropoda (insects, crabs, centipedes, spiders}(c) Brachiopoda (lamp shells)(d) Bryozoa (small aquatic animals with tentacle-ringedmouths)(e) Chaetognatha (arrow worms)(f) Chordata (tunicates, lancelets, vertebrates)(g) Cnidaria (corals, jellyfish, hydras)(h) Ctenophora (comb jellies, sea walnuts)(i) Echinodermata (crinoids, sea urchins, starfish, seacucumbers)

108

(a) Annelida (clamworms, earthworms, leeches)(b) Arthropoda (insects, crabs, centipedes, spiders}(c) Brachiopoda (lamp shells)(d) Bryozoa (small aquatic animals with tentacle-ringedmouths)(e) Chaetognatha (arrow worms)(f) Chordata (tunicates, lancelets, vertebrates)(g) Cnidaria (corals, jellyfish, hydras)(h) Ctenophora (comb jellies, sea walnuts)(i) Echinodermata (crinoids, sea urchins, starfish, seacucumbers)

GapsGaps [109]

Key to chart.Key to chart.(j) Hemichordata (acorn worms)(k) Mollusca (clams, octopuses, snails)(I) Nematoda (eelworms, roundworms)(m) Onychophora (small terrestrial worms with shortlegs)(n) Phoronida (tube-dwelling marine worms withtentacles)(0) Platyhelminthes (flatworms, flukes, tapeworms)(p) Pogonophora (giant deep-sea tube worms)(q) Porifera (sponges)(r) Rotifera (small animals with a crown of cilia)

109

(j) Hemichordata (acorn worms)(k) Mollusca (clams, octopuses, snails)(I) Nematoda (eelworms, roundworms)(m) Onychophora (small terrestrial worms with shortlegs)(n) Phoronida (tube-dwelling marine worms withtentacles)(0) Platyhelminthes (flatworms, flukes, tapeworms)(p) Pogonophora (giant deep-sea tube worms)(q) Porifera (sponges)(r) Rotifera (small animals with a crown of cilia)

GapsGaps [109]

Key to chart.Key to chart.

Sponges ( q) first appeared in the late Precambrian, andsome paleontologists believe that Cnidaria (g) andMollusca (k) did, too.Bryozoa (d) are first found in the Ordovician. All phylashown as appearing in the Cambrian occur in the LowerCambrian except Chaetognatha (e) and Hemichordata (j),which first appeared in the Middle Cambrian.

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Sponges ( q) first appeared in the late Precambrian, andsome paleontologists believe that Cnidaria (g) andMollusca (k) did, too.Bryozoa (d) are first found in the Ordovician. All phylashown as appearing in the Cambrian occur in the LowerCambrian except Chaetognatha (e) and Hemichordata (j),which first appeared in the Middle Cambrian.

FOSSIL GAPSFOSSIL GAPS [12]

FossilFossil linkslinks areare missingmissing betweenbetween allall lifelife formsforms..

ThereThere isis nono "missing"missing linklink..""

TheThe world'sworld's foremostforemost evolutionist,evolutionist, StephenStephen JayJayGould,Gould, admitsadmits::

"New species almost always appeared suddenly"New species almost always appeared suddenlyin the fossil record with no intermediate links toin the fossil record with no intermediate links toancestors in older rocks of the same region."ancestors in older rocks of the same region."

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FossilFossil linkslinks areare missingmissing betweenbetween allall lifelife formsforms..

ThereThere isis nono "missing"missing linklink..""

TheThe world'sworld's foremostforemost evolutionist,evolutionist, StephenStephen JayJayGould,Gould, admitsadmits::

"New species almost always appeared suddenly"New species almost always appeared suddenlyin the fossil record with no intermediate links toin the fossil record with no intermediate links toancestors in older rocks of the same region."ancestors in older rocks of the same region."

FOSSIL GAPSFOSSIL GAPS [12]

AccordingAccording toto DavidDavid BB.. KittsKitts::"Despite"Despite thethe brightbright promisepromise thatthat paleontologypaleontologyprovidesprovides aa meansmeans ofof 'seeing''seeing' evolution,evolution, itit hashaspresentedpresented somesome nastynasty difficultiesdifficulties forfor evolutionistsevolutioniststhethe mostmost notoriousnotorious ofof whichwhich isis thethe presencepresence ofof'gaps''gaps' inin thethe fossilfossil recordrecord.. EvolutionEvolution requiresrequiresintermediateintermediate formsforms betweenbetween speciesspecies andandpaleontologypaleontology doesdoes notnot provideprovide themthem..““David B. Kitts (School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma,David B. Kitts (School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma,PALEONTOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, "Evolution," Vol. 28, SeptemberPALEONTOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, "Evolution," Vol. 28, September1974, p. 467.1974, p. 467.

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AccordingAccording toto DavidDavid BB.. KittsKitts::"Despite"Despite thethe brightbright promisepromise thatthat paleontologypaleontologyprovidesprovides aa meansmeans ofof 'seeing''seeing' evolution,evolution, itit hashaspresentedpresented somesome nastynasty difficultiesdifficulties forfor evolutionistsevolutioniststhethe mostmost notoriousnotorious ofof whichwhich isis thethe presencepresence ofof'gaps''gaps' inin thethe fossilfossil recordrecord.. EvolutionEvolution requiresrequiresintermediateintermediate formsforms betweenbetween speciesspecies andandpaleontologypaleontology doesdoes notnot provideprovide themthem..““David B. Kitts (School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma,David B. Kitts (School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma,PALEONTOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, "Evolution," Vol. 28, SeptemberPALEONTOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY, "Evolution," Vol. 28, September1974, p. 467.1974, p. 467.

The EternalThe EternalConversationConversation --The Search forThe Search forAdam and EveAdam and Eve

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The EternalThe EternalConversationConversation --The Search forThe Search forAdam and EveAdam and Eve

Genesis 1:26Genesis 1:26--2727The Eternal ConversationThe Eternal Conversation

GENGEN 11::2626 AndAnd GodGod said,said, LetLet usus makemake manman inin ourourimageimage,, afterafter ourour likenesslikeness:: andand letlet themthem havehavedominiondominion overover thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andand overover thethefowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand overover thethe cattle,cattle, andand overover allallthethe earth,earth, andand overover everyevery creepingcreeping thingthing thatthatcreepethcreepeth uponupon thethe earthearth..2727 SoSo GodGod createdcreated manman inin hishis ownown image,image, inin thetheimageimage ofof GodGod createdcreated hehe himhim;; malemale andand femalefemalecreatedcreated hehe themthem..

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GENGEN 11::2626 AndAnd GodGod said,said, LetLet usus makemake manman inin ourourimageimage,, afterafter ourour likenesslikeness:: andand letlet themthem havehavedominiondominion overover thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andand overover thethefowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand overover thethe cattle,cattle, andand overover allallthethe earth,earth, andand overover everyevery creepingcreeping thingthing thatthatcreepethcreepeth uponupon thethe earthearth..2727 SoSo GodGod createdcreated manman inin hishis ownown image,image, inin thetheimageimage ofof GodGod createdcreated hehe himhim;; malemale andand femalefemalecreatedcreated hehe themthem..

“Let Us”“Let Us”

“Let“Let UsUs”” –– Elohim (plural “Gods”)Elohim (plural “Gods”)

•• GodGod cannotcannot bebe speakingspeaking toto angelsangels becausebecausemanman waswas notnot mademade inin thethe likenesslikeness ofof angelsangels butbutofof GodGod..

•• HeHe waswas thereforetherefore speakingspeaking asas thethe TrinityTrinity..

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“Let“Let UsUs”” –– Elohim (plural “Gods”)Elohim (plural “Gods”)

•• GodGod cannotcannot bebe speakingspeaking toto angelsangels becausebecausemanman waswas notnot mademade inin thethe likenesslikeness ofof angelsangels butbutofof GodGod..

•• HeHe waswas thereforetherefore speakingspeaking asas thethe TrinityTrinity..

“Let Us”“Let Us”

God’s planGod’s plan took placetook place before the beginning ofbefore the beginning oftimetime..

•• HeHe hadhad anan eternaleternal purposepurpose..

•• WeWe seesee inin GenesisGenesis 11::2626 andand 2727 thetheconversationconversation puttingputting thethe planplan intointo effecteffect..

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God’s planGod’s plan took placetook place before the beginning ofbefore the beginning oftimetime..

•• HeHe hadhad anan eternaleternal purposepurpose..

•• WeWe seesee inin GenesisGenesis 11::2626 andand 2727 thetheconversationconversation puttingputting thethe planplan intointo effecteffect..

InIn thethe followingfollowing versesverses wewe seesee thatthat GodGod hadhad ananeternaleternal purposepurpose::

JohnJohn 1717::2424 Father,Father, II willwill thatthat theythey also,also, whomwhomthouthou hasthast givengiven me,me, bebe withwith meme wherewhere II amam;;thatthat theythey maymay beholdbehold mymy glory,glory, whichwhich thouthou hasthastgivengiven meme:: forfor thouthou lovedstlovedst meme beforebefore thethefoundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld..

An Eternal PurposeAn Eternal Purpose

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InIn thethe followingfollowing versesverses wewe seesee thatthat GodGod hadhad ananeternaleternal purposepurpose::

JohnJohn 1717::2424 Father,Father, II willwill thatthat theythey also,also, whomwhomthouthou hasthast givengiven me,me, bebe withwith meme wherewhere II amam;;thatthat theythey maymay beholdbehold mymy glory,glory, whichwhich thouthou hasthastgivengiven meme:: forfor thouthou lovedstlovedst meme beforebefore thethefoundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld..

11 PeterPeter 11::1919 ButBut withwith thethe preciousprecious bloodblood ofofChrist,Christ, asas ofof aa lamblamb withoutwithout blemishblemish andandwithoutwithout spotspot::2020 WhoWho verilyverily waswas foreordainedforeordained beforebefore thethefoundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld,, butbut waswas manifestmanifest ininthesethese lastlast timestimes forfor you,you,

An Eternal PurposeAn Eternal Purpose

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11 PeterPeter 11::1919 ButBut withwith thethe preciousprecious bloodblood ofofChrist,Christ, asas ofof aa lamblamb withoutwithout blemishblemish andandwithoutwithout spotspot::2020 WhoWho verilyverily waswas foreordainedforeordained beforebefore thethefoundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld,, butbut waswas manifestmanifest ininthesethese lastlast timestimes forfor you,you,

Revelation 17:8Revelation 17:8

RevelationRevelation 1717::88 TheThe beastbeast thatthat thouthou sawestsawestwas,was, andand isis notnot;; andand shallshall ascendascend outout ofof thethebottomlessbottomless pit,pit, andand gogo intointo perditionperdition:: andand theytheythatthat dwelldwell onon thethe earthearth shallshall wonder,wonder, whosewhosenamesnames werewere notnot writtenwritten inin thethe bookbook ofof lifelife fromfromthethe foundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld,, whenwhen theythey beholdbeholdthethe beastbeast thatthat was,was, andand isis not,not, andand yetyet isis..

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RevelationRevelation 1717::88 TheThe beastbeast thatthat thouthou sawestsawestwas,was, andand isis notnot;; andand shallshall ascendascend outout ofof thethebottomlessbottomless pit,pit, andand gogo intointo perditionperdition:: andand theytheythatthat dwelldwell onon thethe earthearth shallshall wonder,wonder, whosewhosenamesnames werewere notnot writtenwritten inin thethe bookbook ofof lifelife fromfromthethe foundationfoundation ofof thethe worldworld,, whenwhen theythey beholdbeholdthethe beastbeast thatthat was,was, andand isis not,not, andand yetyet isis..

2 Timothy 1:92 Timothy 1:9

22 TimothyTimothy 11::99 whowho hashas savedsaved usus andand calledcalled ususwithwith aa holyholy calling,calling, notnot accordingaccording toto ourour works,works,butbut accordingaccording toto HisHis ownown purposepurpose andand gracegracewhichwhich waswas givengiven toto usus inin ChristChrist JesusJesus beforebefore timetimebeganbegan,, NKJVNKJV

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22 TimothyTimothy 11::99 whowho hashas savedsaved usus andand calledcalled ususwithwith aa holyholy calling,calling, notnot accordingaccording toto ourour works,works,butbut accordingaccording toto HisHis ownown purposepurpose andand gracegracewhichwhich waswas givengiven toto usus inin ChristChrist JesusJesus beforebefore timetimebeganbegan,, NKJVNKJV

Ephesians 3:9Ephesians 3:9--1111EphesiansEphesians 33::99 AndAnd toto makemake allall menmen seesee whatwhat isisthethe fellowshipfellowship ofof thethe mystery,mystery, whichwhich fromfrom thethebeginningbeginning ofof thethe worldworld hathhath beenbeen hidhid inin God,God,whowho createdcreated allall thingsthings byby JesusJesus ChristChrist::1010 ToTo thethe intentintent thatthat nownow untounto thethe principalitiesprincipalitiesandand powerspowers inin heavenlyheavenly placesplaces mightmight bebe knownknownbyby thethe churchchurch thethe manifoldmanifold wisdomwisdom ofof God,God,1111 AccordingAccording toto thethe eternaleternal purposepurpose whichwhich hehepurposedpurposed inin ChristChrist JesusJesus ourour LordLord::

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EphesiansEphesians 33::99 AndAnd toto makemake allall menmen seesee whatwhat isisthethe fellowshipfellowship ofof thethe mystery,mystery, whichwhich fromfrom thethebeginningbeginning ofof thethe worldworld hathhath beenbeen hidhid inin God,God,whowho createdcreated allall thingsthings byby JesusJesus ChristChrist::1010 ToTo thethe intentintent thatthat nownow untounto thethe principalitiesprincipalitiesandand powerspowers inin heavenlyheavenly placesplaces mightmight bebe knownknownbyby thethe churchchurch thethe manifoldmanifold wisdomwisdom ofof God,God,1111 AccordingAccording toto thethe eternaleternal purposepurpose whichwhich hehepurposedpurposed inin ChristChrist JesusJesus ourour LordLord::

Man FormedMan Formed

ManMan wouldwould bebe formedformed likelike thethe bodiesbodies ofof thetheanimalsanimals hadhad beenbeen formedformed..

HeHe wouldwould receivereceive thethe soulsoul (life(life consciousness)consciousness)likelike thethe animalsanimals..

WhileWhile hishis structure,structure, physicalphysical andand mental,mental, waswaslikelike thethe animals,animals, GodGod createdcreated (bara)(bara) manman ininGod’sGod’s imageimage..

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ManMan wouldwould bebe formedformed likelike thethe bodiesbodies ofof thetheanimalsanimals hadhad beenbeen formedformed..

HeHe wouldwould receivereceive thethe soulsoul (life(life consciousness)consciousness)likelike thethe animalsanimals..

WhileWhile hishis structure,structure, physicalphysical andand mental,mental, waswaslikelike thethe animals,animals, GodGod createdcreated (bara)(bara) manman ininGod’sGod’s imageimage..

Man Created In God’s ImageMan Created In God’s Image

InIn GenesisGenesis verseverse 2626 wewe havehave seenseen manman mademade ininGod’sGod’s imageimage andand inin verseverse 2727 wewe findfind manmancreatedcreated inin God’sGod’s imageimage..

ManMan wouldwould havehave anan eternaleternal spiritspirit existence,existence, hishisrealreal eternaleternal selfself..

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InIn GenesisGenesis verseverse 2626 wewe havehave seenseen manman mademade ininGod’sGod’s imageimage andand inin verseverse 2727 wewe findfind manmancreatedcreated inin God’sGod’s imageimage..

ManMan wouldwould havehave anan eternaleternal spiritspirit existence,existence, hishisrealreal eternaleternal selfself..

Ecclesiastes 3:18Ecclesiastes 3:18--2121EcclesiastesEcclesiastes 33::1818 II saidsaid inin minemine heartheart concerningconcerningthethe estateestate ofof thethe sonssons ofof menmen,, thatthat GodGod mightmightmanifestmanifest them,them, andand thatthat theythey mightmight seesee thatthattheythey themselvesthemselves areare [like][like] beastsbeasts..1919 ForFor thatthat whichwhich befallethbefalleth thethe sonssons ofof menmenbefallethbefalleth beastsbeasts;; eveneven oneone thingthing befallethbefalleth themthem::asas thethe oneone diethdieth,, soso diethdieth thethe otherother;; yea,yea, theytheyhavehave allall oneone breathbreath;; soso thatthat aa manman hathhath nonopreeminencepreeminence aboveabove aa beastbeast:: forfor allall isis vanityvanity..


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EcclesiastesEcclesiastes 33::1818 II saidsaid inin minemine heartheart concerningconcerningthethe estateestate ofof thethe sonssons ofof menmen,, thatthat GodGod mightmightmanifestmanifest them,them, andand thatthat theythey mightmight seesee thatthattheythey themselvesthemselves areare [like][like] beastsbeasts..1919 ForFor thatthat whichwhich befallethbefalleth thethe sonssons ofof menmenbefallethbefalleth beastsbeasts;; eveneven oneone thingthing befallethbefalleth themthem::asas thethe oneone diethdieth,, soso diethdieth thethe otherother;; yea,yea, theytheyhavehave allall oneone breathbreath;; soso thatthat aa manman hathhath nonopreeminencepreeminence aboveabove aa beastbeast:: forfor allall isis vanityvanity..


Ecclesiastes 3:18Ecclesiastes 3:18--2121

2020 AllAll gogo untounto oneone placeplace;; allall areare ofof thethe dust,dust, andandallall turnturn toto dustdust againagain..2121 WhoWho knowethknoweth thethe spiritspirit ofof manman thatthat goethgoethupward,upward, andand thethe spiritspirit ofof thethe beastbeast thatthat goethgoethdownwarddownward toto thethe earthearth??

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2020 AllAll gogo untounto oneone placeplace;; allall areare ofof thethe dust,dust, andandallall turnturn toto dustdust againagain..2121 WhoWho knowethknoweth thethe spiritspirit ofof manman thatthat goethgoethupward,upward, andand thethe spiritspirit ofof thethe beastbeast thatthat goethgoethdownwarddownward toto thethe earthearth??

Man would have dominion.Man would have dominion.

GENGEN 11::2828 AndAnd GodGod blessedblessed them,them, andand GodGod saidsaiduntounto them,them, BeBe fruitful,fruitful, andand multiply,multiply, andandreplenishreplenish thethe earth,earth, andand subduesubdue itit:: andand havehavedominiondominion overover thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andand overover thethefowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand overover everyevery livingliving thingthing thatthatmovethmoveth uponupon thethe earthearth..

ManMan wouldwould havehave dominiondominion..

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GENGEN 11::2828 AndAnd GodGod blessedblessed them,them, andand GodGod saidsaiduntounto them,them, BeBe fruitful,fruitful, andand multiply,multiply, andandreplenishreplenish thethe earth,earth, andand subduesubdue itit:: andand havehavedominiondominion overover thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andand overover thethefowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand overover everyevery livingliving thingthing thatthatmovethmoveth uponupon thethe earthearth..

ManMan wouldwould havehave dominiondominion..

Psalm 8:4Psalm 8:4--88PsalmPsalm 88::44 WhatWhat isis manman,, thatthat thouthou artart mindfulmindful ofofhim?him? andand thethe sonson ofof man,man, thatthat thouthou visitestvisitest him?him?55 ForFor thouthou hasthast mademade himhim aa littlelittle lowerlower thanthan thetheangels,angels, andand hasthast crownedcrowned himhim withwith gloryglory andandhonourhonour..66 ThouThou madestmadest himhim toto havehave dominiondominion overover thetheworksworks ofof thythy handshands;; thouthou hasthast putput allall thingsthings underunderhishis feetfeet::


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PsalmPsalm 88::44 WhatWhat isis manman,, thatthat thouthou artart mindfulmindful ofofhim?him? andand thethe sonson ofof man,man, thatthat thouthou visitestvisitest him?him?55 ForFor thouthou hasthast mademade himhim aa littlelittle lowerlower thanthan thetheangels,angels, andand hasthast crownedcrowned himhim withwith gloryglory andandhonourhonour..66 ThouThou madestmadest himhim toto havehave dominiondominion overover thetheworksworks ofof thythy handshands;; thouthou hasthast putput allall thingsthings underunderhishis feetfeet::


Psalm 8:4Psalm 8:4--88

77 AllAll sheepsheep andand oxen,oxen, yea,yea, andand thethe beastsbeasts ofof thethefieldfield;;88 TheThe fowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andandwhatsoeverwhatsoever passethpasseth throughthrough thethe pathspaths ofof thetheseasseas..

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77 AllAll sheepsheep andand oxen,oxen, yea,yea, andand thethe beastsbeasts ofof thethefieldfield;;88 TheThe fowlfowl ofof thethe air,air, andand thethe fishfish ofof thethe sea,sea, andandwhatsoeverwhatsoever passethpasseth throughthrough thethe pathspaths ofof thetheseasseas..

THE IMAGE OF GODTHE IMAGE OF GOD

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THE IMAGE OF GODTHE IMAGE OF GODTheThe imageimage ofof GodGod isis thosethose attributesattributes ofof humanhumannaturenature notnot sharedshared byby animalsanimals suchsuch asas::

Moral consciousness.Moral consciousness.

Able to reason abstractly.Able to reason abstractly.

Understanding of beauty and emotion.Understanding of beauty and emotion.

Capacity for worshipping and loving God.Capacity for worshipping and loving God.

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TheThe imageimage ofof GodGod isis thosethose attributesattributes ofof humanhumannaturenature notnot sharedshared byby animalsanimals suchsuch asas::

Moral consciousness.Moral consciousness.

Able to reason abstractly.Able to reason abstractly.

Understanding of beauty and emotion.Understanding of beauty and emotion.

Capacity for worshipping and loving God.Capacity for worshipping and loving God.


Man’sMan’s bodybody mustmust alsoalso bebe inin God’sGod’s imageimage capablecapableofof expression,expression, emotionemotion andand communicationcommunication..

Man’sMan’s threefoldthreefold naturenature ofof spirit,spirit, soulsoul andand bodybodyreflectreflect thethe threefoldthreefold imageimage ofof thethe CreatorCreator..

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Man’sMan’s bodybody mustmust alsoalso bebe inin God’sGod’s imageimage capablecapableofof expression,expression, emotionemotion andand communicationcommunication..

Man’sMan’s threefoldthreefold naturenature ofof spirit,spirit, soulsoul andand bodybodyreflectreflect thethe threefoldthreefold imageimage ofof thethe CreatorCreator..


ManMan ((AdamahAdamah)) == OfOf thethe groundground oror takentaken outout ofofredred earthearth..

BothBoth manman andand womanwoman werewere “created”“created” ininGod’sGod’s imageimage..

BothBoth werewere capablecapable ofof aa personalpersonal fellowshipfellowshipwithwith GodGod..

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ManMan ((AdamahAdamah)) == OfOf thethe groundground oror takentaken outout ofofredred earthearth..

BothBoth manman andand womanwoman werewere “created”“created” ininGod’sGod’s imageimage..

BothBoth werewere capablecapable ofof aa personalpersonal fellowshipfellowshipwithwith GodGod..


WeWe werewere createdcreated inin thethe imageimage ofof thethe SonSon ofof GodGod,,HimselfHimself thethe expressexpress imageimage ofof thethe FatherFather asasdescribeddescribed byby thethe followingfollowing versesverses::

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InIn HebrewsHebrews 11::33 wewe seesee thisthis descriptiondescription ofof God’sGod’sSonSon::

HEBHEB 11::33 WhoWho beingbeing thethe brightnessbrightness ofof hishis glory,glory,andand thethe expressexpress imageimage ofof hishis personperson……..

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InIn HebrewsHebrews 11::33 wewe seesee thisthis descriptiondescription ofof God’sGod’sSonSon::

HEBHEB 11::33 WhoWho beingbeing thethe brightnessbrightness ofof hishis glory,glory,andand thethe expressexpress imageimage ofof hishis personperson……..


AlsoAlso::

COLCOL 11::1515 WhoWho [Jesus][Jesus] isis thethe imageimage ofof thetheinvisibleinvisible GodGod……..

22COCO 44::44 ……Christ,Christ, whowho isis thethe imageimage ofof GodGod……..

COLCOL 33::1010 AndAnd [we][we] havehave putput onon thethe newnew manman,,whichwhich isis renewedrenewed inin knowledgeknowledge afterafter thethe imageimageofof himhim thatthat createdcreated himhim::

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AlsoAlso::

COLCOL 11::1515 WhoWho [Jesus][Jesus] isis thethe imageimage ofof thetheinvisibleinvisible GodGod……..

22COCO 44::44 ……Christ,Christ, whowho isis thethe imageimage ofof GodGod……..

COLCOL 33::1010 AndAnd [we][we] havehave putput onon thethe newnew manman,,whichwhich isis renewedrenewed inin knowledgeknowledge afterafter thethe imageimageofof himhim thatthat createdcreated himhim::

We Have Christ’s ImageWe Have Christ’s Image

WeWe havehave Christ’sChrist’s imageimage..

WeWe werewere intendedintended toto bebe aboveabove andand havehavedominiondominion overover thethe EarthEarth itselfitself asas wellwell asas allallcreaturescreatures..

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WeWe havehave Christ’sChrist’s imageimage..

WeWe werewere intendedintended toto bebe aboveabove andand havehavedominiondominion overover thethe EarthEarth itselfitself asas wellwell asas allallcreaturescreatures..

The Search ForThe Search ForAdam And EveAdam And Eve

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The Search ForThe Search ForAdam And EveAdam And Eve

The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve

InIn GenesisGenesis 11::2626 && 2727 GodGod createdcreated manman inin HisHis ownownimage,image,

but,but,

Generally,Generally, evolutionistsevolutionists believebelieve thatthat menmen andand apesapesevolvedevolved fromfrom aa commoncommon ancestorancestor aboutabout 3030 toto 7070millionmillion yearsyears agoago.. [47]

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InIn GenesisGenesis 11::2626 && 2727 GodGod createdcreated manman inin HisHis ownownimage,image,

but,but,

Generally,Generally, evolutionistsevolutionists believebelieve thatthat menmen andand apesapesevolvedevolved fromfrom aa commoncommon ancestorancestor aboutabout 3030 toto 7070millionmillion yearsyears agoago.. [47]


DNADNA studiesstudies havehave attemptedattempted toto tracetrace AdamAdam andandEve,Eve, andand havehave foundfound evidenceevidence contradictingcontradicting thethe“millions“millions ofof years”years” claimclaim ofof thethe evolutionistsevolutionists..

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The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve [30;91]

DNADNA studiesstudies revealreveal AdamAdam andand EveEve andand refuterefute thetheevolutionist’sevolutionist’s claimclaim ofof millionsmillions ofof yearsyears..

AA scientistscientist doingdoing MitochondriaMitochondria DNADNA studiesstudieshashas tracedtraced EveEve toto AfricaAfrica nono moremore thanthan 140140,,000000toto 280280,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

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DNADNA studiesstudies revealreveal AdamAdam andand EveEve andand refuterefute thetheevolutionist’sevolutionist’s claimclaim ofof millionsmillions ofof yearsyears..

AA scientistscientist doingdoing MitochondriaMitochondria DNADNA studiesstudieshashas tracedtraced EveEve toto AfricaAfrica nono moremore thanthan 140140,,000000toto 280280,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve [30;91]

AnotherAnother scientistscientist doingdoing anan independentindependent study,study,usingusing evidenceevidence fromfrom thethe YY--chromosome,chromosome, hashastracedtraced AdamAdam toto thethe samesame AfricanAfrican regionregionapproximatelyapproximately 200200,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

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AnotherAnother scientistscientist doingdoing anan independentindependent study,study,usingusing evidenceevidence fromfrom thethe YY--chromosome,chromosome, hashastracedtraced AdamAdam toto thethe samesame AfricanAfrican regionregionapproximatelyapproximately 200200,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve [30;91;117]

TheThe calculationscalculations thatthat showshow aboutabout 200200,,000000 yearsyearsareare admittedlyadmittedly conservativeconservative andand furtherfurther studiesstudiesmaymay showshow manman toto bebe onlyonly aa fewfew thousandthousand yearsyearsoldold..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists andand paleontologistspaleontologists arearealarmedalarmed andand areare tryingtrying toto refuterefute thesethesestudiesstudies..

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TheThe calculationscalculations thatthat showshow aboutabout 200200,,000000 yearsyearsareare admittedlyadmittedly conservativeconservative andand furtherfurther studiesstudiesmaymay showshow manman toto bebe onlyonly aa fewfew thousandthousand yearsyearsoldold..

EvolutionistsEvolutionists andand paleontologistspaleontologists arearealarmedalarmed andand areare tryingtrying toto refuterefute thesethesestudiesstudies..

The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve [91]

AccordingAccording toto DrDr.. JonathanJonathan SarfatiSarfati::

“Recent“Recent evidenceevidence showsshows thatthat mitochondrialmitochondrialDNADNA mutatesmutates muchmuch fasterfaster thanthan previouslypreviouslythoughtthought.. IfIf thisthis newnew evidenceevidence isis appliedapplied toto‘‘mitochrondrialmitochrondrial Eve,’Eve,’ itit indicatesindicates thatthat sheshewouldwould havehave livedlived onlyonly 66,,000000--66,,500500 yearsyearsagoago..””

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AccordingAccording toto DrDr.. JonathanJonathan SarfatiSarfati::

“Recent“Recent evidenceevidence showsshows thatthat mitochondrialmitochondrialDNADNA mutatesmutates muchmuch fasterfaster thanthan previouslypreviouslythoughtthought.. IfIf thisthis newnew evidenceevidence isis appliedapplied toto‘‘mitochrondrialmitochrondrial Eve,’Eve,’ itit indicatesindicates thatthat sheshewouldwould havehave livedlived onlyonly 66,,000000--66,,500500 yearsyearsagoago..””

The Search For Adam And EveThe Search For Adam And Eve [117]

AnnAnn Gibbons,Gibbons, inin herher articlearticle forfor Science,Science, 22 JanuaryJanuary19981998,, CalibratingCalibrating thethe MitochondrialMitochondrial ClockClock,, writeswrites::“Regardless“Regardless ofof thethe cause,cause, evolutionistsevolutionists areare mostmostconcernedconcerned aboutabout thethe effecteffect ofof aa fasterfaster mutationmutation raterate..ForFor example,example, researchersresearchers havehave calculatedcalculated thatthat“mitochondrial“mitochondrial Eve”Eve” –– thethe womanwoman whosewhose mtDNAmtDNAwaswas ancestralancestral toto allall livingliving peoplepeople –– livedlived 100100,,000000 toto200200,,000000 yearsyears agoago inin AfricaAfrica.. UsingUsing thethe newnew clock,clock,sheshe wouldwould bebe aa meremere 60006000 yearsyears oldold..””

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AnnAnn Gibbons,Gibbons, inin herher articlearticle forfor Science,Science, 22 JanuaryJanuary19981998,, CalibratingCalibrating thethe MitochondrialMitochondrial ClockClock,, writeswrites::“Regardless“Regardless ofof thethe cause,cause, evolutionistsevolutionists areare mostmostconcernedconcerned aboutabout thethe effecteffect ofof aa fasterfaster mutationmutation raterate..ForFor example,example, researchersresearchers havehave calculatedcalculated thatthat“mitochondrial“mitochondrial Eve”Eve” –– thethe womanwoman whosewhose mtDNAmtDNAwaswas ancestralancestral toto allall livingliving peoplepeople –– livedlived 100100,,000000 toto200200,,000000 yearsyears agoago inin AfricaAfrica.. UsingUsing thethe newnew clock,clock,sheshe wouldwould bebe aa meremere 60006000 yearsyears oldold..””


StatisticalStatistical populationpopulation studiesstudies reportedreported byby TheTheAssociatedAssociated Press,Press, FoxFox News,News, USAUSA Today,Today, andandAnthropologyAnthropology..netnet (all(all reportingreporting betweenbetween 11 andand 55JulyJuly 20062006)) indicateindicate thatthat allall humanshumans livingliving ononearthearth camecame fromfrom aa commoncommon ancestorancestor aboutabout55,,000000 –– 77,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

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StatisticalStatistical populationpopulation studiesstudies reportedreported byby TheTheAssociatedAssociated Press,Press, FoxFox News,News, USAUSA Today,Today, andandAnthropologyAnthropology..netnet (all(all reportingreporting betweenbetween 11 andand 55JulyJuly 20062006)) indicateindicate thatthat allall humanshumans livingliving ononearthearth camecame fromfrom aa commoncommon ancestorancestor aboutabout55,,000000 –– 77,,000000 yearsyears agoago..

End ofEnd of THE SCIENCE OF CREATIONTHE SCIENCE OF CREATION ––Lesson 05Lesson 05

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Closing PrayerClosing Prayer

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Closing PrayerClosing Prayer

Creation Revelation



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92-222 Hoalii Place, Kapolei, HI 96707.148



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Tel/Fax 808-672-7229

92-222 Hoalii Place, Kapolei, HI 96707.

creation revelation · the science of creation – lesson 05-01 fossils gen 1:20 and god said, let...

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