Creating the Creating the Constitution Constitution of the United of the United

StatesStates

Problems with the Articles of Problems with the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Money IssuesMoney IssuesLeadership IssuesLeadership IssuesGovernment IssuesGovernment IssuesCooperation IssuesCooperation Issues

Who was there????Who was there????

55 white men55 white men 26-8126-81 ProtestantProtestant EducatedEducated Land and slave Land and slave

ownersowners Government Government

experienceexperience

Who wasn’t Who wasn’t there???there???

Patrick Henry

Thomas Jefferson

John Adams

The PlansThe Plans

1.1. Virginia or Virginia or Large State Large State PlanPlan

2.2.New Jersey or New Jersey or Small State Small State PlanPlan

CompromisesCompromises1.1. Today’s Today’s

Government Government StructureStructure

2.2. SlaverySlavery

3.3. CommerceCommerce

4.4. Bill of RightsBill of Rights

The Virginia or Large State PlanThe Virginia or Large State Plan

3 Branches of 3 Branches of GovernmentGovernment

Single ExecutiveSingle Executive Bi-Cameral Bi-Cameral

LegislatureLegislature Representation Representation

based on Populationbased on Population Judicial appt. by Judicial appt. by

legislaturelegislature

James Madison

New Jersey or Small State PlanNew Jersey or Small State Plan

Plural ExecutivePlural Executive Unicameral Unicameral

LegislatureLegislature Equal Equal

representationrepresentation Judicial chosen by Judicial chosen by

executiveexecutive Judges serve for lifeJudges serve for life

The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise

Developed by Roger Developed by Roger ShermanSherman

Also known as the Also known as the Connecticut PlanConnecticut Plan

Set up the Set up the government structure government structure we have todaywe have today

Our Government Structure in 1787Our Government Structure in 1787

Bicameral legislature (2 house)Bicameral legislature (2 house) House of Representatives = lower houseHouse of Representatives = lower house The # of Reps in the House to be The # of Reps in the House to be

determined by population of a statedetermined by population of a state Senate = 100 members or 2 per stateSenate = 100 members or 2 per state Today we have 435 members of the Today we have 435 members of the

House and 100 SenatorsHouse and 100 Senators

Counting PeopleCounting People

Population used Population used to determine 2 to determine 2 thingsthings

1.1. TaxationTaxation

2.2. RepresentationRepresentationWhat to do with What to do with slaves????slaves????

North wantsNorth wants1.1. Counts slaves Counts slaves

for taxesfor taxes

2.2. Don’t count Don’t count slaves for slaves for representationrepresentation

South wantsSouth wants1.1. Count slaves for Count slaves for

representationrepresentation

2.2. Don’t count Don’t count slaves for slaves for taxationtaxation

The 3/5 CompromiseThe 3/5 Compromise

5 slaves = 3 people for5 slaves = 3 people for

1.1.Taxation Taxation

ANDAND

2. Representation2. Representation

Industry vs. AgricultureIndustry vs. Agriculture

States who made States who made money from industry, money from industry, shipping and shipping and manufacturing wantedmanufacturing wanted

Natl. govt. to control Natl. govt. to control the moneythe money

Natl. govt. to control Natl. govt. to control commercecommerce

States who made States who made money from farming money from farming and exporting wantedand exporting wanted

To ensure the right to To ensure the right to import slavesimport slaves

To ensure their ability To ensure their ability to exportto export

Economic CompromisesEconomic Compromises

Congress controls all commerce – foreign and Congress controls all commerce – foreign and domesticdomestic

Congress has the sole power to coin moneyCongress has the sole power to coin money President has the power to negotiate treatiesPresident has the power to negotiate treaties Slave trade would not be touched for 20 yrsSlave trade would not be touched for 20 yrs Congress could levy import duties, but not Congress could levy import duties, but not

export dutiesexport duties Treaties must be approved by the Senate – 2/3 Treaties must be approved by the Senate – 2/3

votevote

RatificationRatification

Required 9 of 13 colonies to Required 9 of 13 colonies to approve = ¾approve = ¾

Two groups developedTwo groups developed

1.1. FederalistsFederalists Advocated the ratification of the new Advocated the ratification of the new

constitutionconstitution2.2. AntifederalistsAntifederalists

Argued against the new constitution Argued against the new constitution until a Bill of Rights was addeduntil a Bill of Rights was added

The FederalistsThe Federalists

James Madison, Hamilton, & Jay wrote the Federalist Papers.

•Series of letters to the editors in NY and VA

•Argued in favor of the new constitution

Alexander Hamilton

James Madison

John Jay

The AntiFederalistsThe AntiFederalists

James Monroe

George Mason

Sam Adams

•Argued against ratification

•Argued in favor of a Bill of Rights being added to the new constitution

The Final CompromiseThe Final Compromise

Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify Anti-Federalists agreed to ratify the new constitutionthe new constitution

Federalists agreed to ensure the Federalists agreed to ensure the first action taken by the new first action taken by the new Congress would be to create a Congress would be to create a Bill of RightsBill of Rights

New US Government in actionNew US Government in action 1789 = first election Washington and 1789 = first election Washington and

Adams become Pres. and VP – April 30Adams become Pres. and VP – April 30 Congress gets together March 4, 1789 Congress gets together March 4, 1789 Sept. 25, 1789 – James Madison Sept. 25, 1789 – James Madison

introduces 12 amendments - 10 introduces 12 amendments - 10 are ratified on Nov. 21, 1789are ratified on Nov. 21, 1789

North Carolina and Rhode Island North Carolina and Rhode Island ratify May 29, 1790ratify May 29, 1790

7 Basic Principals of Constitution7 Basic Principals of Constitution

1. Popular sovereignty.1. Popular sovereignty. 2. Limited government.2. Limited government. 3. Separation of powers.3. Separation of powers. 4. Federalism.4. Federalism. 5. Checks and balances.5. Checks and balances. 6. Judicial Review.6. Judicial Review. 7. National Supremacy.7. National Supremacy.

7 Articles on Constitution7 Articles on Constitution 1. 1. The LegislatureThe Legislature

CongressCongress Art I Sec. 8 clauses 1-16Art I Sec. 8 clauses 1-16 Art I Sec. 8 Clause 18 – Elastic ClauseArt I Sec. 8 Clause 18 – Elastic Clause

2. The Executive Branch (President)2. The Executive Branch (President) 3. The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court)3. The Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) 4. Relations with States4. Relations with States 5. Amendment Process5. Amendment Process 6. Supremacy Clause (National gov’t stronger)6. Supremacy Clause (National gov’t stronger) 7. Ratification7. Ratification