Creating America:Chapter 3 Sec. 1

Rago2012-2013

Essential Questions

What were early English attempts at colonizing?

How did the English finance their colonies?

How was Jamestown founded and how did it grow?

Analyze the conflicts of the Jamestown colonists both with the Native Americans and among the colonists themselves.

Key Terms

Joint-Stock company Charter Jamestown John Smith Indentured Servant House of Burgesses Bacon's Rebellion

One American's Story

Roanoke Island

John White-artist, helped establish colony. Left Roanoke in 1587, didn't return for 3 years. By the time he came back, the colony had

mysteriously disappeared.

English Plan Colonies

Late 1500's Spain had many colonies in the Americas; England did not

English defeated Spanish Armada(or Navy) in 1588

England was now free to colonizein America

So why the Americas?

Richard Haklyut- English geographer; Americas would provide new markets for English exports

Benefits for England: *Increase Trade and build gold supply *Would help establish the Protestant Faith

Why did the English also want to go to the America? Glory, God, Gold and Freedom

Lyrics: In sixteen hundred seven (1607)

We sail the open seaFor glory, God, and goldAnd The Virginia CompanyFor the New World is like heavenAnd we'll all be rich and freeOr so we have been toldBy The Virginia Company

Why did the English also want to go to the America? (continued) 3 reasons:

Lack of opportunity in England

Gold Mines!

Escape Religious Persecution (being treated badly because of your faith).

Two Early Colonies Fail:First colony- Roanoke Location: off the coast of Virginia Year: 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh-solider Queen Elizabeth- gave SWR permission to create a colony at Roanoke SWR financed (or paid for) the colony

Why did the Roanoke Colony fail? Native American's cut off the food supply to the

colonists

NA's found out Colonists wanted to take their land

The survivors of returned to England in 1586

John White convinced Raleigh to try again; failed.

Second Colony: Sagadahoc

Location: Maine Year: 1607 Populated by criminals They didn't cooperate or prosper Most returned to England

Financing a Colony

Raleigh put all his money in to his colony and lost it

Joint-Stock company- allowed many people to support a colony with the hope of making money off of the colony

Each investor receives shares of stock in the colony or company

To start a colony you need... ...a charter or a written contract from King James 1

that allowed the companies to establish a colony

Jamestown

founded 1607 by the Virginia Company of London on the James River

Hardships: swampy, mosquito filled land poor drinking water Spent their time looking for gold, when they

should have been building houses and growing food

Climate- hot summer, cold winter

Jamestown grows

...but first it declines By 1609- 38 colonists (out of the original 100) are

alive

Along comes John Smith "He that will not work, will not eat." Extended wall around Jamestown. Traded corn with Powhatan tribe. 800 colonists arrive

Troubles in 1609...

Powhatan tribe stopped trading food; started attacking colonists

People starving

Only 60 survived until the arrival of two ships in 1610

Tobacco comes to Jamestown Virginia soil was perfect for growing

Allowed the people to prosper; soon wanted to buy land and share in profits

Settlers worked harder when the land was theirs. First African Americans arrived in 1619

Pop. increase from 600 to 2000

Other changes...

Indentured servants: people that could not afford to buy their passage (boat ride) to the colonies but had someone sponsor them

person agreed to work for a set number of years

after that they were free to do at they wished (farm, trade, etc.)

Early Government

House of Burgesses- established 1619 because colonists did not like the way the governor was running the colony

H.o.B.- a group of elected officials chosen by the colonists

First move towards independent government

Conflicts with the Powhatan Causes-colonists wanted land John Rolfe marries Pocahontas to make things better Brought peace-Powhatan showed colonists how to

grow corn, fish and catch game

What went wrong? Colonists kept taking more land for tobacco farms 1622 Powhatan killed Jamestown residents

Bacon's Rebellion 1676

1/4 of all Jamestown were former indentured servants.

They resented the rich land owners

Nat Bacon led group of landless settlers who opposed Gov. William Berkeley because of high taxes and favoritism towards landowners

Bacon wanted...

....war against Native Americans so that they could take their land for tobacco plantations

Gov. Berkeley refused.

Bacon marched to Jamestown, burned it to the ground and took over H.o.B.

H.o.B. passed laws to limit governor's power