Creating A Creating A ConstitutionConstitutionConstitution = a document

stating the rules under which a government will operate

Creating a Constitution Creating a Constitution TargetsTargets

• I can determine the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

• I can evaluate and debate why the Constitutional Convention decided to create an entirely new framework of government.

• I can describe what shaped the outcome of the Constitutional Convention in 1787

• I can explain how compromises solved crises in the Constitutional Convention.

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Virginia Plan• strong central government• Three branches of government:

– Executive – Legislative– Judicial

• Legislature divided into two houses• Representation based on population• Small states objected to the plan because the more

people a state had, the more seats it would have. (which means more VOTES)

Population of the 13 original states from the official census of 1790

• Connecticut 237,946 • Delaware 59,096 • Georgia 82,548• Maryland 319,728• Massachusetts 378,787• New Hampshire 141,885• New Jersey 184,139• New York 340,120• North Carolina 393,751• Pennsylvania434,373• Rhode Island68,825• South Carolina 249,073• Virginia 691,737

Constitutional Convention of 1787

New Jersey Plan

• Single house (s) in Congress

• Equal representation for each state

• Expanded powers of Congress to raise money and regulate commerce

Constitutional Convention of 1787

The Great Compromise

Two houses of Congress

• Lower house: House of Representatives– Representation based on population

• Upper house: Senate– Each state had two seats

Slave population-1790 census• Connecticut 237,946 2,764 1%• Delaware 59,096 8,887 15%• Georgia 82,548 29,264 35%• Maryland 319,728 103,036 32%• Massachusetts 378,787 0 0%• New Hampshire 141,885 158 <1%• New Jersey 184,139 11,423 6%• New York 340,120 21,324 6%• North Carolina 393,751 100,572 25%• Pennsylvania434,373 3,737 <1%• Rhode Island68,825 948 1%• South Carolina 249,073 107,094 43%• Virginia 691,737 292,627 42%

1790 Census

White population= 80%

Slave= 17.9%

Free African Americans = 1.5%

Constitutional Convention of 1787

The Three-Fifths Compromise• Southerners said that enslaved people

should be counted in calculating how many representatives a state should have in Congress.

Northerners objected because enslaved people were not allowed to vote

• As a compromise each enslaved person was counted as three fifths of a person (for taxes and representation)

Chart

• Who proposed the plan?• What was included in the plan?• Who supported the plan?

• Virginia Plan page 213-214 (read through The Great Compromise)

• New Jersey Plan page 214 • Great Compromise page 214-215 (Terms of

Compromise)

Virginia Plan• Proposed by Edmund Randolph• Wanted a new, stronger central government• James Madison was the main author• Called for 3 separate branches

– Legislative-congress– Executive – enforce laws– Judicial – interpret laws

• Congress would have 2 parts– Lower house– Upper house

• Representation based on population (more people a state had, the more seats it would get)

• Supported by big states (like Virginia, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts)

New Jersey Plan

Introduced by William Paterson Single house of congress Equal representation for each state Expanded power of Congress to

raise money and regulate trade Supported by smaller states

Great Compromise

Roger Sherman worked out the compromise

Created 2 house Congress Lower house called House of

Representatives-based on population- supported by large states

Upper house called Senate – each state has two seats (equal for all states)– supported by smaller states

US Debt• 1791

• $75,463,476.52

• Lowest= 1834

• $33,733.05

• 1850-1861

• Stead decline

• Then Civil War-HUGE increase

US Debt

• Thousand (3 zeros)

• Million (6 zeros)

• Billion (9 zeros)

• Trillion (12 zeros)

• Quadrillion (15 zeros)

• Quintillion (18 zeros)

US Debt• 1st time over billion

• 1862

• 1st time over trillion

• 1982

US Debt

• National Debt Clock

Who do we owe the $$$$ to?