1)  Create a bubble map on the reform movements that you learned about in your DBQs from Friday…

2)  Include people, events, changes or anything that is associated with 19th century reforms

Chapter 8

I.  NINETEENTH CENTURY A.  1800s

II.  ABOLISH A.  eliminate; get rid of

III.  INJUSTICE A.  unfairness; inequality

IV.  REFORMER A.  someone who changes something by correcting

faults and removing abuses

I.  In the early 19th century the United States experienced a period of great reform

A.  Reform à change in society for the better

II.  Reformers saw the effectiveness of workplace reforms and wanted them throughout society

III.  Reforms swept across the nation and greatly impact American life.

I.  Reforms emerged as responses to the rapid changes in American Society

A.  Industrialization, urbanization and immigration

II.  Reforms began alongside the religious revival movement known as the Second Great Awakening

III.  Transcendentalism convinced many Americans to disobey unjust laws and led to social reforms

I.  RELIGIOUS REVIVAL THAT SWEPT ACROSS THE U.S. IN THE 18TH CENTURY

A.  REVIVAL – AN EMOTIONAL MEETING DESIGNED TO AWAKEN RELIGIOUS FATIH THROUGH PREAHING AND PRAYER

II.  Charles Finney was the most FAMOUS REVIVAL

PREACHER IN THE 2nd Great Awakening III.  The 2nd Great Awakening encouraged Americans to

return to Christian churches and apply Christian values to their daily lives à make reforms

IV.  The 2nd Great Awakening drove the majority of the political & social reforms of the 19th Century

I.  People can transcend, rise above a material life and reach higher level of intellect

II.  Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau A.  Truth found in nature, simple life B.  Civil Disobedience: not following laws you believe

are wrong

III.  Living a simple life and civil disobedience

encouraged Americans to seek reforms throughout society

Results and Effects 2nd Great Awakening &

Transcendentalism

Asylum & Penal Reform

Led to moral and social reforms

Temperance

Asylum & Penal Reform

Education

Abolitionism

Women’s

Rights

I.  Treatment of the mentally ill II.  Temperance movement III.  Abolition of slavery IV.  Women’s rights V.  Education

Leader: Dorothea Dix

GOAL: better treatment of persons with mental illnesses

REASON: the mentally ill were badly treated

I.  In the early 1800s the mentally ill were often locked up in jails with murderers and thieves.

II.  Mentally ill were put in chains, kept in cages and closets, and beaten with rods

III.  Dorothea Dix and other reformers worked to change Americans’ ways of thinking about these institutions and their inmates.

IV.  Dix made it her life’s work to educate the public as to the poor conditions for both the mentally ill and prisoners.

ß Dorothea Dix Hospital, Raleigh, NC

I.  As a result of Dix’s work, states passed laws to build mental hospitals where mental illness could be treated as a disease rather than a crime.

II.  By 1860, she had persuaded 28 states to

open hospitals for persons with mental illness.

I.  Prison inmates were subjected to cruel

punishment and children were not treated any different than adults

II.  She is responsible for helping ending cruel

punishment and getting states to establish juvenile court systems

III.  She argues that people can change if they

are placed in proper environments and given an education

Leader: American Temperance Union and religious leaders

GOAL: to eliminate alcohol abuse

REASON: alcohol led to crime, poverty, abuse of family

I.  Religious leaders stood at the forefront of the war against alcohol.

II.  Alcohol abuse was widespread & caused many

societal problems

III.  Temperance societies were created to address the growing problem with alcohol abuse in the USA

IV.  Reformers blamed alcohol for: A.  Poverty à no money B.  Abuse à men beating wives & children C.  Crimeà men get drunk and steal & murder

I.  Reformers began a campaign against excessive drinking.

II.  The campaign was known as the temperance

movement. A.  The American Temperance Society was formed in

1826. B.  Some groups took a moderate approach and

asked people to drink less alcohol. C.  Other groups insisted that the sale of alcohol be

banned altogether!

From the first glass to the grave, 1846

The Drunkard’s Progress

I.  During the next decade approximately 5000 local temperance societies were founded

II.  As the movement gained momentum, annual per capita consumption of alcohol dropped sharply

I.  Temperance societies won support for their cause.

II.  State lawmakers took the reformers’ message

to heart. A.  Several states passed prohibition laws B.  Prohibition à complete ban on the sale of alcohol

III.  Temperance societies successfully encouraged people to drink less

①  Explain the three causes of the reform movements of the 19th century:

②  What is Transcendentalism? What are the two main concepts associated with Transcendentalism?

③  What are the five reform movements of the 19th Century?

④  Who led the reform movement on the treatment of the mentally ill? Why did she do it? What changed as a result of her?

⑤  What is the goal of the Temperance movement? Who was the leader of the Temperance movement? What changed as a result of the Temperance movement (2 things)