CRCT PracticeDaily Warm-Ups – Answer Key

Colonization to Royal Government

Hernando de Soto

_____24) Why did Hernando de Soto explore much of Georgia in 1540?a. He was attracted by rumors of large gold deposits.b. He wanted to build forts and missions in the state.c. He was searching for the magical Fountain of Youth.d. He believed that he would find a passage to Asia through Georgia.

_____25) Who was the first explorer to enter present-day Georgia?a. Hernando de Sotob. Ponce de Leonc. Ferdinand Magelland. Francisco Pizarro

_____26) Why was de Soto’s expedition considered a failure?a. De Soto died before the expedition was finished.b. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction.c. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.d. De Soto’s men died of disease.

_____27) How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native Americans?a. The expedition resulted in the death of thousands of Native Americans from violence and disease.b. The expedition was responsible for converting Native Americans to Catholicism.c. The expedition set up new trading opportunities for Native Americans.d. The expedition introduced Native Americans to new types of food.

_____28) Hernando de Soto began his travels near present-day

a. Atlanta, Georgiab. Memphis, Tennesseec. Tampa, Floridad. Vicksburg, Mississippi

_____29) Hernando de Soto crossed the Mississippi River for the first time near present-day

a. Little Rock, Arkansasb. Memphis, Tennesseec. Natchez, Mississippid. Vicksburg, Mississippi

_____30) After Hernando de Soto’s death, where did his men go?

a. Alabamab. Arkansasc. Mississippid. Texas

_____31) What is the correct chronological order of the places de Soto visited on his travels?1. De Soto crossed the Mississippi near Memphis.2. De Soto’s men went to Texas.3. De Soto entered Florida.4. De Soto died.

a. 3-1-4-2b. 2-3-1-4c. 4-3-1-2d. 2-1-3-4

Spanish Missions

_____32) The Spanish established the Santa Catalina mission ona. Cumberland Island.b. Jekyll Island.c. St. Catherines Island.d. St. Simons Island.

_____33) The main purpose of the Spanish mission in the barrier islands was toa. provide protection for the area’s European settlers.b. convert the Indians to Catholicism.c. establish trade with Spain.d. claim land for Spain.

_____34) Which is NOT a reason for the decline of the Spanish missions? a. Once the Indians adopted Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.b. Some missions were raided by Indians who were allied with the British.c. Some Indians resettled in areas that were not served by the missions.d. Pirate raids along the coast destroyed many missions

European Exploration and Settlement.

_____35) The main reason the Spanish explored North America was to a. build permanent settlements.b. find gold and riches.c. spread Christianity.d. fight the British.

_____36) Which country was NOT a major colonizer of North America?a. Franceb. Great Britain c. Portugald. Spain

_____37) The first permanent British settlement in the New World was built ata. St. Augustine.b. Jamestown.c. Massachusetts Bay.d. Roanoke Island.

_____38) The first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World was established ata. Jamestown.b. Los Angeles.c. St. Augustine.d. Yamacraw Bluff.

_____39) What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia?a. Fort Fredericab. Fort Gualec. Fort King Georged. Fort Santa Catalina

James Oglethorpe

_____40) One of the reasons given for the colonization of Georgia was to serve as a buffer colony. This meant that Georgia was

a. a colony for settlement by the poor.b. an outpost for pirates attacking Spanish galleons.c. a military protective zone between English and Spanish settlements.d. an agricultural station experimenting with new strains of cotton plant.

_____41) What was one of the major reasons for the king wanting to create a colony of Georgia?a. to help pay royal debts.b. to civilize the native Indians.c. to release debtors from prison.d. to create a balanced trade policy.

_____42) Why did James Oglethorpe suggest forming a colony for the poor?a. England wanted to get rid of debtors permanently.b. The homeless would readily come to the New World.c. Oglethorpe was angry when his friend died and he felt that debtors should not have to go to jail.d. The poor were mostly well-educated people who had fallen on hard times.

_____43) What items, which Great Britain had to import from France, Russia, and Spain, did Oglethorpe promise to produce in Georgia?

a. white potatoes, yams, and corn.b. wheat, rice, and wine.c. tropical fruit and spices.d. cotton dyes and silk.

_____44) Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates wanted to bring to Georgia?a. former convictsb. well educatedc. deeply religiousd. poor but worthy

Charter of 1732

_____45) Georgia’s Charter of 1732 did NOT include a provision thata. guaranteed every settler his day in court to settle differences.b. gave the king of England control of the colony.c. prohibited Catholics from becoming colonists.d. banned liquor in the colony.

_____46) When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for the colony of Georgia?a. 1492b. 1607c. 1732d. 1776

_____47) According to the charter, what religious group was not allowed to settle in Georgia?a. Baptistb. Catholicc. Jewishd. Methodist

_____48) According to Georgia’s Charter of 1732 which group of people was forbidden to enter Georgia?a. preachersb. blacksc. soldiersd. women

_____49) What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take personal advantage of their position?a. The trustees could not hold office.b. The trustees could not serve more than one year.c. The trustees had to break off all ties with Great Britain.d. The trustees had to donate their own money to provide food for the colonists.

Reasons for Settlement

_____50) What ship brought Oglethorpe and the first colonists to Charleston, then Savannah, during the winter of 1733?a. Annb. Godspeedc. Mayflowerd. Santa Maria

_____51) Those who were selected to settle the colony of Georgia were required to a. have served time in a debtors’ prison.b. bring their own farm tools with them.c. only sell their land to another Englishman.d. use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees.

_____52) The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right toa. vote.b. own land.c. collect taxes.d. hold elections.

Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove

_____53) Which statement BEST describes the subject of this illustration?a. The Indians and the British exchanged gifts.b. The British took control over the Indians’ land.c. The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen.d. The British and the Indians had a disappointing first meeting.

_____54) What Indians were led by Tomochichi?a. Cherokeeb. Creekc. Oconeed. Yamacraw

_____55) Who served as the translator for Oglethorpe in his discussions with Tomochichi?a. William Bullb. Robert Montgomeryc. Mary Musgroved. Toonahowi

_____56) Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river?a. Altamaha Riverb. Flint Riverc. Savannah Riverd. St. Mary’s River

The City of Savannah

_____57) Who surveyed and helped design the city of Savannah?a. Noble Jonesb. Robert Montgomeryc. Samuel Nunesd. James Oglethorpe

_____58) Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land when they arrived in Georgia?a. Fort Frederica near St. Simons Islandb. Fort Pulaski on the Savannah Riverc. Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw Soundd. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah River

_____59) Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described as a a. poor design for defense against invading armies.b. series of circular roads making travel easy.c. city planned around open squares.d. decaying neighborhood.

_____60) The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design bya. William Bullb. Robert Castellc. Noble Jonesd. James Oglethorpe

_____61) What historic site is located at the intersection of Oglethorpe Street and Bull Street?

a. U.S. Customs Houseb. Tomochichi’s gravesite

c. Juliette Gordon Low’s birthplaced. Cotton Exchange

_____62) Which location is located furthest to the north on the map?

a. Johnson Squareb. Forsyth Parkc. Factors Walkd. Colonial Cemetary

The Role of the Salzburgers

_____63) Why did German Salzburgers come to Georgia?a. to escape religious persecutionb. to serve out terms for misconductc. to lead the armed forces for Oglethorped. for the new financial opportunities available

_____64) Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg?a. John Martin Bolziusb. Lachlan McIntoshc. James Oglethorped. John Reynolds

_____65) Where did the Salzburgers first settle?a. Albanyb. Darienc. Ebenezerd. Savannah

_____66) The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement becausea. they were attacked frequently by Indians.b. they had problems with the Spanish who lived nearby.c. the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.d. the area was plagued by harsh storms that caused extensive damage.

_____67) On which barrier island did the Salzburgers settle?a. Cumberland Islandb. Jekyll Islandc. St. Catherines Islandd. St. Simons Island

Highland Scots

_____68) Where did Highland Scots settle in Georgia?a. Augustab. Darienc. New Ebenezerd. Savannah

_____69) The Highland Scots opposed which policy?a. keeping close ties with Great Britainb. giving women the right to votec. trading with the Spanishd. permitting slavery

Malcontents

_____70) Who were the malcontents of the early Georgia colony?a. people who were unhappy and constantly complaining.b. officials who examined the contents of cargo ships.c. foreigners from Germany and Scotland.d. the trustees and their families.

_____71) Which was NOT an area of discontent in Georgia?a. slaveryb. voting rightsc. the sale of rumd. ownership of land

_____72) With which trustee policy did the colonists disagree?a. hard workb. land allotmentsc. military trainingd. prohibition of slavery

_____73) What term was used to describe those who complained about the policies of the trustees?a. dissidentsb. malcontentsc. objectorsd. rebels

The Spanish Threat from Florida

_____74) The European nation that dominated early exploration in the New World wasa. France.b. Great Britainc. Portugald. Spain

_____75) The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came froma. Indians who lived in the area.b. Spanish soldiers in Florida.c. the area’s harsh climate.d. new diseases.

_____76) What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh?a. It ended the threat of war from the Native Americans.b. It demonstrated the strength of the British militia.c. It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle.d. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

_____77) What group came to the aid of James Oglethorpe in the Battle of Bloody Marsh?a. Catholicsb. Highland Scotsc. Salzburgersd. Spaniards

An Evaluation of the Trustee Period

_____78) The Latin motto of the trustees, Non Sibi Sed Allis, meant “Not for themselves but for others.” What does this mean?a. The trustees established Georgia for the purpose of helping the poor, not for the purpose of making

themselves rich.b. Religious leaders could not protect themselves as Catholics because of the members of the new

Methodist church.c. The Highland Scots and the Salzburgers were foreigners and couldn’t be trusted to defend the British.d. The king felt the colony had been a failure and the trustees had to be punished as an example.

_____79) What impact did the departure of Oglethorpe to England have on the colony?a. No impact; he was cleared of the charges against him and returned within the year.b. No impact; after he married, he quickly returned to the colony to help the poor.c. Great impact; under the new leader most of the restrictive laws were changed.d. Great impact; the new leaders quickly turned control over to the king.

_____80) In 1752, Georgia became a a. debtor colony.b. proprietary colony.c. royal colony.d. self-governing colony.

_____81) Who controlled Georgia after it became a royal colony?a. James Oglethorpeb. the people of Georgiac. a bicameral legislatured. the king of Great Britain

Development of Georgia as a Royal Colony

_____82) What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony?a. Atlantab. Augustac. Macond. Savannah

_____83) Who was the first royal governor of Georgia?a. Robert Castellb. Robert Montgomeryc. James Oglethorped. John Reynolds

_____84) When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature, the Governor’s Council chosen?

a. They were elected by the voters.b. They were appointed by the king.c. They were appointed by the royal governor.d. They were chosen by members of the lower house of the legislature.

_____85) While John Reynolds was its royal governor, Georgia establisheda. a unicameral legislature.b. local governing bodies.c. land ownership rights.d. a court system.

_____86) Governor Reynolds disbanded the legislature becausea. there was a disagreement over how to improve military defenses.b. there was a conflict between the two houses in the legislature.c. some members of the lawmaking body were elected illegally.d. he believed the governor should have sole power.

Governor Henry Ellis

_____87) Who was the second royal governor of Georgia?a. Henry Ellisb. Henry Musgrovec. John Reynoldsd. James Wright

_____88) What change was NOT brought about during the term of royal governor Henry Ellis?a. More merchants started businesses.b. Newcomers brought slaves to Georgia.c. The number of profitable farms increased.d. The first newspaper in Georgia was published.

_____89) Which royal governor permitted slavery in Georgia, made farms more profitable and increased the number of merchants selling goods?

a. James Wrightb. William Stephensc. John Reynoldsd. Henry Ellis

Governor James Wright

_____90) Which person served as a royal governor of Georgia?a. Button Gwinnettb. James Oglethorpec. William Stephensd. James Wright

_____91) Who was governor of Georgia when the last of the palisades were built around Savannah, Sunbury became Georgia’s main port of entry, and the term crackers was used to refer to undesirables?

a. James Wrightb. John Reynoldsc. James Oglethorped. Henry Ellis

Miscellaneous

_____92) Which impact was a result of the Spanish Mission system?a. Spanish Catholics adopted Native American Beliefs.b. Native American culture expanded.c. Savannah was developed.d. Native American culture declined.

_____93) Why are Hernando de Soto’s expeditions into Georgia significant?a. He was the first European to explore the area.b. They were the last expeditions.c. James Oglethorpe was a part of the expeditions.d. He removed the Cherokee’s from Georgia.

_____94) Which three European groups were interested in the agricultural opportunities and trade with the Indians in the Southeastern part of the United States in the 18th Century?

a. Georgia, Florida, South Carolinab. French, Spanish, Britishc. Germans, Mexican, Britishd. Yamacraw, Creek, Yamasee

_____95) During the early 1700’s, the French, Spanish, and British had several conflicts in the territory that would eventually become Georgia. Why were these three countries interested in this region?a. The French and Spanish were allied together in an effort to completely remove the British presence from the Southeast.b. Only Georgia provided the necessary combination of fertile land and friendly Indian tribes to have a long term, stable colony.c. It was the first place each other had designated as their primary colony in the new world, therefore none of the countries could afford to leave the Southeast.d. All three countries had an interest in expanding; France’s trade from the west, Spain’s mission systems from the south and Great Britain’s trade networks from the north.

_____96) Use the following quote from the Georgia Charter of 1732 to answer this question, “...they might not only gain a comfortable subsistence for themselves and families, but also strengthen our colonies and increase the trade...and wealth of these our realms.” The quote MOST DIRECTLY relates to which reason for settling Georgia?

a. economicsb. defensec. explorationd. missions

_____97) How as Tomochichi significant to the development of early Georgia?a. Oglethorpe hired him to develop Savannah.b. He led violent revolts against the colonists.c. He was a mediator between the colonists and the Yamacraw.d. The Yamacraw used him to encourage the malcontents.

_____98) Which is a true statement about the Charter of 1732?a. It was never approved and Oglethorpe founded the colony illegally.b. It stated reasons why Georgia needed to be independent of England.c. It provided King George an opportunity to invade Spain.d. It listed multiple reasons, including charity, defense, and economics, for founding Georgia.

_____99) James Oglethorpe was important to the colony of Georgia because he a. led the initiative to get the Charter to start the colony.b. fought in the Revolutionary War alongside Elijah Clark.c. founded and developed the city of Atlanta.d. served as one of the first Royal Governors.

_____100) Which describes why the English and Spanish were interested in the Southeastern United States?a. It provided a strategic position to attack French settlements in the north.b. There were natural resources in the area they could use to make their country richer.c. They had made an agreement to cooperate and settle the region together.d. It was the easiest place to get to.

_____101) These statements relate to the importance of which person?a. Mary Musgroveb. Tomochichic. Nancy Hartd. Austin Dabney

_____102) The complaints of the malcontents were significant to the trustee period because they demonstrated that thea. Trustees did not represent the changing population in Georgia.b. Malcontents were trying to take over the colony.c. Original charter was inaccurate and needed to be removed.d. Spanish threat from Florida was the most important issue of the time.

_____103) What group was greatly opposed to trustee laws banning rum, slavery, and land purchases?a. Salzburgersb. Highland Scotsc. Malcontentsd. Moravians

____104) Which statement is true concerning land ownership under the Royal Governors of Georgia?a. Georgia lost territory, especially around Savannah.b. Creek and Cherokee Indians gained territory through negotiations.c. The Proclamation of 1763 prevented Georgia from gaining new land.d. Georgia gained territory, particularly in the west.

____105) How did government in Georgia change when the colony moved from the trustee period to a royal colony? a. It was more organized, better funded, and had more authority.b. It was weaker and caused much more conflict with Spain.c. The government caused the colony not to grow and lost huge sums of money.d. The Royal Governors successfully avoided all conflicts with Indians.

*Cultural connections between Yamacraw and Creek Indians and English Colonists*Served as interpreter between Oglethorpe and Yamacraw*Established several trading posts around Georgia.