cranes and derricks - nc state university · §setup, operation, and inspection of cranes. ......

1

North Carolina State UniversityDepartment of Civil, Construction, and

Environmental Engineering

Construction SafetyLecture 18

© North Carolina State University

Cranes and Derricks

“Subpart N – Cranes and Derricks”29 CFR 1926.550

Objectives

§ This presentation will address:§ OSHA’s minimum requirements for cranes

in construction.§ Setup, operation, and inspection of cranes.§ Hazard identification.§ Abatement methods.

2

General Requirements1926.550(a)(1)

§ Employer must comply with manufacturer’s specifications and limitation applicable to operation of cranes.


§ Attachments used with cranes must not exceed the capacity, rating, or scope recommended by the manufacturer.


§ Rated load capacities must be conspicuously posted on all equipment and visible to the operator at his control station.

3


§ Competent personmust inspect machinery and equipment prior to use.

§ Deficiencies must be repaired or defective parts replaced before use.


§ Thorough annual inspection of hoisting machinery must be made by competent person, or US DOL recognized accredited agency.

4


§ Record of dates and results of inspection must be maintained.


§ Wire rope taken out of service when:§ Running ropes – 6

randomly broken wires in one lay or 3 broken wires in one strand in one lay.

§ Wear, kinking, crushing, bird caging, heat damage.

§ Standing ropes – 2 broken wires in one lay or 1 broken wire at an end connection.


§ Moving parts or equipment must be guarded if exposed parts can be contacted by employees.

5


§ Accessible areas within the swing radius of the rotating superstructure must be barricaded.

§ Prevent employee from being struck or crushed by the crane.

6


§ Windows in cabs must be safety glass or equivalent.§ No visible

distortion that will interfere with safe operation of the machine.

General Requirements1926.550(a)(13)(i)

§ A ladder or steps must be provided to give access to a cab roof where necessary for rigging or service requirements.

7

General Requirements1926.550(a)(13)(ii)

§ Guardrails, handholds, and steps must be provided on cranes for easy access to the cab.§ Must conform to

ANSI B30.5-1968.

General Requirements1926.550(a)(14)(i)

§ Fire extinguisher of 5BC rating, or higher, must be available at operator station or cab of equipment.

General Requirements1926.550(a)(14)(ii)

§ All fuels must be transported, stored, and handled in accordance with Subpart F [Fire Protection and Prevention] of this part.

8


§ Precautions must be taken to prevent equipment from physical contact with electrical distribution and transmission lines.


§ Clearance between lines and any part of crane or load:§ 10 ft. – 50 kV. Or

less.§ 10 ft. + 0.4 in. – for

each 1 kV. over 50 kV.

§ Person designated to observed clearances where necessary.


§ In transit with no load and boom lowered, clearance must be a minimum of:§ 4 ft. – less than 50 kV.§ 10 ft. – over 50 kV. and

up to 345 kV.§ 16 ft. – voltages up to

and including 750 kV.

9


§ No modification or additions which affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment must be made without the manufacturer’s written approval.

10


§ Employees must be kept clear of loads to be lifted and of suspended loads.

Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes

1926.550(b)(1)

§ Jibs must have positive stops to prevent movement of more than 5 deg. above the straight line of the jib and boom.

§ Cable type belly slings do not constitute compliance with rule.

Belly Slings

Jib Stops

11


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Crawler, truck and locomotive cranes must meet the requirements for design, inspection, construction, testing, maintenance and operation as outlined in ANSI B30.5-1968.

12


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Controls used during normal crane operating cycle must be located within easy reach of operator.

§ Functions of controls must be clearly identified.

13


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Cranes must not be loaded beyond the rated capacity of its existing configuration.


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Employees must not be allowed to ride on the hook or load.


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Operator must not leave his position at the controls while the load is suspended.

14


1926.550(b)(2)

§ When the load being handled require the use of outriggers –the outriggers must be fully extended and set to remove weight from wheels.§ Except for locomotive

cranes.


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Outriggers must be used when load being handled at particular radius exceeds rated load without outriggers as given by manufacturer.


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Outrigger floats must be attached to the outriggers.

§ When required –blocking under outrigger floats.

16


1926.550(b)(2)

§ Good housekeepingis required in the cab of cranes.

§ Clothing, tools, and other articles must be stored so as not to interfere with access or operation.

Hammerhead Tower Cranes

Hammerhead Tower Cranes1926.550(c)(1)

§ Adequate clearance must be maintained between moving and rotating structures of the crane and fixed objects.

17


§ Employees performing duties on horizontal booms must be protected against falling by guardrails or personal fall arrest system.


§ All hammerhead tower cranes must meet the requirements prescribed by the manufacturer:§ Design§ Construction§ Installation§ Testing§ Maintenance§ Inspection§ Operation

Overhead and Gantry Cranes1926.550(d)

§ Rated load marked on each side of the crane.§ Bridge trucks equipped with rail

sweeps.§ Audible warning signal for crane

equipped with traveling mechanism.§ Meet the requirements of ANSI B30.2.0-

1967.§ Design, construction, installation, testing,

maintenance, inspection, and operation.

18

Derricks1926.550(e)

§ Must meet the requirements of ANSI B30.6-1969, Safety Code for Derricks.§ Design, construction,

installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation.

Floating Cranes and Derricks1926.550(f)(1)(i)

§ The rated load of a mobile crane, mounted on a barge, must not exceed the original capacityspecified by manufacturer.

19

Floating Cranes and Derricks1926.550(f)(1)(i) & (ii)

§ Load rating chart provided and located where easily visible to operator.

§ When load rating reduced for list of barge – new load rating chart must be provided.

Floating Cranes and Derricks1926.550(f)(1)(iv)

§ Mobile cranes on barges must be positively secured.

§ Note: letter of interpretation [1/27/94] –registered professional engineer certifies movement of crane will not compromise stability of barge.

20

Floating Cranes and Derricks1926.550(f)(2)(i),(ii),(iii)

§ Permanently mounted crane on barge – capacity and limitations based on competent design criteria.

§ Load rating chart visible to operator.

§ Meet requirements of manufacturer.

Crane or Derrick Suspended Personnel Platforms

1926.550(g)(1)(i)

§ Standard applies to design, construction, testing, use and maintenance of personnel platform.

§ Applies to hoisting of platforms on load lines of cranes or derricks.

21


1926.550(g)(3)(i)(D)

§ Crane must be uniformly levelwithin one percent of level grade and located on firm footing.

§ Outriggers must be fully deployedfollowing manufacturer’s recommendation.


1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(A)

§ Cranes and derricks with variable angle booms must be equipped with a boom angle indicator –visible to operator.


1926.550(g)(3)(ii)(c)

§ Crane or derrick must be equipped with an anti-two-blocking device.

22


1926.550(g)(4)(i)(A)

§ Designed by a qualified engineer orperson competent in structural design.

§ Trial lift with the platform unoccupied.

§ Visual inspection conducted by competent person.


1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(B)

§ Hooks on overhaul ball, lower load blocks, or other attachments must be type that can be closed and locked.§ Two instances:§ Personnel platforms.

[1926.550(g)(4)(iv)(B)]§ Steel erection/working

under the load. [1926.753(d)(2)(ii)]

23


1926.550(g)(6)(vii) & (viii)

§ Except over water, employees inside platform must use a body belt/harness system.§ Attached to lower load

block or structural member of the platform.

§ No lifts made on crane’s other loadlines while personnel suspended on a platform.

Retractablereels

Any Crane Questions ???

24

“Thank You”

WWW.NCLABOR.COM

1-800-NC-LABOR

http://www.NCLABOR.COM

cranes and derricks - nc state university · §setup, operation, and inspection of cranes. ......

Documents