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Cranes

Module 13

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Objectives

After this module you should be able to

identify the most common crane hazards

take the necessary steps to avoid those

hazards

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Crane Hazards

Improper loading

Not using outriggers or leveling crane

Not calculating load weight correctly

Lifting on unstable support surface

Working around powerlines

Damaged windows and other crane parts

No barrier around swing radius

No or poor regular inspections

No boom angle indicator

Wind and other side forces

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Preplanning the Lift

Level the crane to within 1% and ensure

support surface is firm, able to support

the load

Know the location and voltage of any

overhead powerlines; stay 10 away

Barricade the area within the swing radius

Determine your pickup and drop locations

Calculate the weight of the load and

determine how to safely lift that weight

Inspect the crane

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Daily Crane Inspection

Some items to inspect include

tires properly inflated

clearance for tail swing

wire rope wear

physical damage to crane loose or missing hardware

fluid leaks

Inspection must be done by a competent person

If it needs fixed, dont use it until it is repaired

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Load Weight

Refer to the shipping ticket or other

documentation

Ensure load is within the load chart rating

for the boom length and load radius the

operator is using

remember that the crane is rated by the

maximum weight it will lift at minimum boom

length and minimum radius the further from the cranes center point the

load is, the less the crane will handle safely

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Load Limiting Factors

An operator must also consider the

following when calculating for a safe lift

wind

side loads

on wheels or outriggers

lifting over the side

use of extensions, jibs, or other attachments

the limits of rigging

the actual weight of the rigging must be

considered

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the results of an improperly

loaded crane are obvious

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do not stand under a suspended load at

any time; use tag lines to guide the load

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this cranes outriggers are fully extended

and the crane is level; therefore, it is stable

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a boom angle indicator must be installed on

every crane with variable angle booms

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these sheaves are damaged which

causes excessive wear on the wire rope

Corrective Action:replace the sheaves when they are worn or

broken or when their damage will cause damage to the wire rope

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a thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting

machinery must be made by a competent person

the employer shall maintain a record of

the dates and results of the inspections

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Applicable Standards

1910.181 Derricks

1926 Subpart N Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,

Elevators, and Conveyors

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Your Employer Is Responsible For

Designating competent persons to inspect

and operate cranes

Ensuring crane is inspected daily before

each use and thoroughly annually

Providing the necessary rigging devices Responding to and correcting hazards

pointed out by you, the worker

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You Are Responsible For

Inspecting the crane daily before use

Preplanning the lift

Knowing the load weight and other

factors to perform a safe lift

Correcting the hazards you are able to

correct

Reporting to your supervisor the hazardsyou are unable to correct

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Case Study

Workers were in the process of

disassembling the boom. When the pins

were driven out, the boom fell onto the

workers.

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Always Remember

Level the crane within 1% and ensure a

firm support surface

Stay 10 from overhead powerlines

Consider other factors such as wind and

side loads when calculating for a safe lift

Inspect the crane before each use and

perform a thorough inspection annually

Never operate a crane that has any

component in need of repair

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Memory Check

1. A crane must be level to what percentage

before a lift?

a. 1

b. 5

c. 10

d. 12.5

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Memory Check

2. Which of the following is not a factor

that affects the load calculation?

a. the limits of the rigging

b. the weight of the rigging

c. the wind speed

d. all of the above must be considered