craig christensen august bonds. birth rates are declining elderly dependency ratio is increasing ...
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Craig ChristensenAugust Bonds
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Birth rates are declining Elderly Dependency Ratio is increasing In general, the countries are under
populated Nordic countries are mostly pro-natalist in
their policies.
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Most countries give monthly payments to families with children. Families with several children get larger payments ◦ Ex. Åland
Families with one children receive 100€/child/month Families with three children receive the equivalent
support of a family with four children.
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Governments provide free daycare in most countries
More daycares are building more child-care facilities. ◦ Ex. Norway set its goal to provide full
kindergarten coverage in 2007. (link)
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Notes: most Nordic countries have a policy on maternal and paternal leave.
Generally, full pay, and comparatively long leave time allowed in the world. ◦ Ex. Sweden
480 days (16 months) of paid maternal leave (80% up to a ceiling the first 390 days, 90 days at flat rate) - shared with father (dedicated 60 days). Both parent has the right take an additional 18 months unpaid leave. (Wikipedia.com)
◦ Ex. Denmark 52 weeks maternal leave. 18 to be taken by the mother, 2
weeks by the father, the rest as they see fit.(wikipedia.com)
◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternity_leave
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In some countries, the government can help people obtain and support families to obtain a loan when building a home, buying, etc. ◦ Ex. Åland: Governments will co-sign loans, and
bail out families if they fail to pay back the money in entirety.
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Policies of Immigration in countries can vary considerably◦ In Åland, the government highly encourages
migrants to come. Governments support immigrants with documentation.
◦ In Norway, the policy is “Quality, not Quantity” (http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=307)
◦ In Denmark and Sweden, many asylum seekers are allowed in, but troubles with integration policies have caused gradual increase in restriction over the last decades.
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Availability of contraceptives◦ Most clinic provide these drugs free of charge for
the population, providing them in regular clinics. Abortions
◦ Legal in all states, but generally on provided free in cases such as rape, underaged pregnancy.