craig a. miller human dimensions research program illinois natural history survey
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Successful Harvest Reporting and Human Dimensions of Waterfowl Hunting Regulations: How to make things work. Craig A. Miller Human Dimensions Research Program Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois (USA). US Fish and Wildlife Service Adaptive Harvest Management Framework. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Successful Harvest Reporting and Human Dimensions of Waterfowl Hunting
Regulations: How to make things work
Craig A. MillerHuman Dimensions Research Program
Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of Illinois (USA)
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US Fish and Wildlife Service Adaptive Harvest Management Framework
• Hunting season lengths and maximum harvest set each year by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)– Allow for 30, 45, or 60-day seasons – Specific dates set by each state wildlife agency
• USFWS allows for up to 3 state zones and split seasons (in for 2 weeks, out for ~2 weeks, then in for remainder of maximum) OR 4 state zones
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State of Illinois, USA
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Rivers of Illinois
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Illinois Waterfowl Zones
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North American Flyways
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Hunters and Flyways
There is latitudinal as well longitudinal relationship• Seasons – hunter preferences for mid-season
to coincide with peak migration, avoid freeze dates
• Methods – e.g., Spinning-wing Decoys• Some hunters also blame duck numbers on
harvest in other states in the flyway
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Waterfowl ResearchIllinois Natural History Survey
• Illinois Natural History Survey founded in 1858• Began modern era of waterfowl research with
Frank Bellrose in 1940s• 1947 - present conduct weekly inventory flights to
count waterfowl (01 September – 30 January)• Conducted early studies on lead shot ingestion in
waterfowl• Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center• Annual waterfowl harvest surveys began in 1980
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Illinois Natural History SurveyWaterfowl Harvest Surveys
• Annual mail survey of 5,000 waterfowl hunters randomly selected from 50,000 – 60,000 waterfowl hunters in the state of Illinois
• Before season begins sampled hunters mailed harvest cards to record individual harvest of mallard, wood duck, canvasback, and other duck species, plus Canada goose and other geese
• Hunters also asked to record number of days and counties hunted
• Following season hunters mailed 8-page survey questionnaire aimed at harvest, regulations, and other policy issues
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Pre-season Goose Harvest Card
Date of Hunt
Zone Hunted
County Hunted
Sept. Canada Geese
CanadaGeese
Snow/Blue/Ross’ Geese
White-fronted (Speckle-belly) Geese
Geese downed
not retrieved
# of Shots Taken
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Annual Waterfowl Harvest and Hunter Surveys
• Illinois Waterfowl Hunter Survey (annual harvest survey)
• Illinois Snow Goose Hunter Survey (Chen caerulescens) - annual survey of special light goose spring season
• Pre- and Post-Duck Season Hunter Survey
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2012-13 Illinois Waterfowl Harvest
• 50,740 hunters• 1,155,346 days afield• 580,557 total birds harvested• 29% hunted ducks only• 10% hunted geese only• 61% hunted both• Total 90% hunted ducks, 71% hunted geese
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Duck Harvest
• 43,444 hunters• 630,223 day afield• 244,988 mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)• 47,623 wood ducks (Aix sponsa)• 185,776 other ducks• 478,387 total ducks• 4,133 American coots (Fulica americana)
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Goose Harvest
• 34,034 hunters• 386,356 days afield• 72,682 Canada geese (Branta canadensis)• 19,597 other geese• 92,280 total geese
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Science of Harvest Surveys
Harvest surveys involve psychological considerationsHunters subject to certain bias in reporting harvests
Recall biasDigit PreferenceCultural factorsNonresponse bias
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Recall Bias
• Difficulty recalling events accurately over time• Telescoping – recall earlier events as though
closer in time• Using memorable event as typical of others• Difficulty separating events into discrete
segments
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Digit Preference
• Preference given to reporting harvest or days afield in digits ending in 0 or 1
• Season harvest may be reported as multiples of individual days
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2002-03 Illinois Duck Harvest
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 550
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Perc
ent
Harvest>60
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2002-03 Illinois Duck Hunter Days
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 550
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Perc
ent
Days
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Cultural Factors
• Over-estimate harvest to “assist” agency• Under report harvest to mislead agency• Not respond due to attitudes toward
“government”
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Nonresponse Bias
Bias in key factors contributing to nonresponse to surveyQuestion sometimes arises:“Do hunters respond to surveys because they harvest more/less than ‘average’?”Answer: No
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Current Research
• Checking hunter daily bags at state hunting areas and after season survey to note recall accuracy.
• Send pre-season harvest card to 5,000 hunters and not to 2,000 – and both get post-season survey
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Waterfowl Hunting TraditionsPast and Present
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New Hunting “Forces” and Harvest
• Hunting videos – depict harvest and success to a greater degree than reality
• In U.S.A., viewed by a majority of younger hunters
• May be providing a skewed perspective on hunting success and harvest
• New and increasingly technical equipment to maximize harvest
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Spinning-Wing Decoys
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Full-body Decoys
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Calls
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Blinds
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Waterfowl Bands
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Human Dimensions
• Challenges are to understand trends in hunter behaviors that may influence harvest
• Understanding motivations and preferences of hunters will help predict impacts on harvest and populations
• Research will allow to be proactive in anticipating new approaches, rather than be reacting to them
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http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/index.php?cID=327
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Thank you