cpss (cyber-physical-social system initiative –beyond … · social networks, cultures, ......

CPSS (CYBER-PHYSICAL-SOCIAL SYSTEM) INITIATIVE

– BEYOND CPS (CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM) FOR A BETTER FUTURE –

Kazu J. MurakamiCPSS Initiative

Kyushu University & ISIT/Kyushu, [email protected]

March 13, 20121

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Technologies required to

sense geo-spatial data

process large data in shorter time

alerts in an efficient way? Efficient Applications

Sensing technology

Computational power

A BETTR FUTURE:CAN WE PROTECT OURSELVES?

The Unreached Category

3 billion people live on less than $2.50/day Poverty

1 billion people unable to read Education

1.5 million children die of diarrhea each year Health

1.6 billion people live without electricity Energy

・・・・・・

Can we change these facts?

ANOTHER WORLD:THE UNFORTUNATE FACTS

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YES WE CAN!!CPSS HAS AN ANSWER!!!

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OUR VISION

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Our life shall be made better by means of “CPSS”!

CPSS(CYBER-PHYSICAL-SOCIAL SYSTEMS)

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Cyber-Physical Social Systems (CPSS)

Merging computing, networking and society with physical systems to create new revolutionary science, technical capabilities and better quality of life.

Cyber World

Physical WorldPhysical Elements

Computational Elements

Network/Internet

Social WorldSocial Elements

Preventive Medical Service System

Smart CitiesSmart Grid

Smart ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)

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INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS NEED TO BE CONNECTED

COMMUNITIES NEED TO BE CONNECTED

Advanced CommunityAdvanced Community

AdaptationIntegration

Customization

AdaptationIntegration

Customization

Unreached CommunityUnreached Community

Global CPSS

Social Services for All

69% of world populationLow income, low literacy, low (no) infrastructure,

Recent penetration of mobile phone, Emerging market New Requirements

High Income, High literacy, Advanced Infrastructure, Saturated Market

New Requirements

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Cloud Data/Supercomputer Center

Sensor Network

Actuator Network

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CITIES NEED TO BE CONNECTED

COUNTRIES NEED TO BE CONNECTED

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CONTINENTS NEED TO BE CONNECTED

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Current Cyber Physical WorldFuture Cyber Physical World

Distributed, Asynchronous and

Hybrid Dynamic System

Larger, More Flexible and RobustUseful for the majority

Not all are connected yet!!

TECHNOLOGIES WE HAVETO SUPPORT CPSS

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THE NEXT COMPUTING REVOLUTION

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Mainframe computing

Desktop computing &

Internet

60’s-70’s 80’s-90’s 00’s 10’s

Ubiquitous computing

Cyber-Physical Social Systems

Computation facility in large institutions

Computation facility in small office and home

Computation facility for personal usage

Computation facility for social use

SENSORS IN SMARTINFRASTRUCTURES

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Smart Bridges

Smart Cities Smart Zones

Smart Buildings

SMART CARS ASNETWORK OF COMPUTERS

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Cars drive themselves “Computers on Wheels”

EMBEDDED MEDICAL DEVICES- AUGMENTATION OF HUMAN CAPABILITIES -

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Portable

Implantable

Wearable

At Hospital

ROBOTS’ ROLE!!

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Operating rooms

Transportation

Inaccessible environmentsIndustryHouses

Nursery

ORIGINS OF CPSS

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Cyber World

Physical World

Physical Elements

ES(Embedded System)


Cyber World



Network/Internet

Cyber World



Network/Internet


CPS (Cyber Physical System)

CPSS (Cyber Physical Social System)

CPSS (CYBER-PHYSICAL-SOCIAL SYSTEM)

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Physical World

OutputsInputs


Physical Elements

Social WorldSociety, Human Being

Network/Internet

Cyber World

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Physical World

OutputsInputs


Physical Elements

Social WorldSociety, Human Being

Network/Internet

Cyber World

CPSS will transform the way people interact with engineered systems,

just as

the Internet transformed the way people interact with information.

CPSS (CYBER-PHYSICAL-SOCIAL SYSTEM)

CPSS CHARACTERISTICS

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24 hours /7 days availability,

100% reliability, 100% connectivity,

Real-time, Store anything and everything forever,

…

Young to old, Able and disabled,

Rich and poor,Literate and

illiterate,…

CPSS DRIVERS AND REQUIREMENTS

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Requirements (Social)Individual,

Cliques, Social networks,

Cultures, Populations

…

Technology

Society

Science

24 hours /7 days availability,

100% reliability, 100% connectivity,

Real-time, Store anything and everything forever,

…

Young to old, Able and disabled,

Rich and poor,Literate and

illiterate,…

CPSS DRIVERS AND REQUIREMENTS

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Requirements (Social)Individual,

Cliques, Social networks,

Cultures, Populations

…

CPSS should be everywhere, used by everyone, for everything

Technology

Society

Science

CPSS INCLUDESTHE UNREACHED COMMUNITY

Natural DisasterEmergency Service

HealthcareMicro Finance

Practical EducationAgricultureMulti-Culture

Multi-LanguageNew Applications

ICTMobility

AffordabilitySustainability

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REACHING THE UNREACHED

GramWebOne Village One Portal

ePassbookOne Family One Card

Social Services on Wheels(SSW)One District One Nomadic Kiosk

Portable ClinicOne Community One Clinic

Healthcare Booth

One Community One Booth

New device, New Service, New Information Architecture

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TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS

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CLASSIFYING ES, CPS, AND CPSS

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Cyber World

Physical World

Physical Elements

ES(Embedded System)


Cyber World



Network/Internet

Cyber World



Network/Internet


CPS (Cyber Physical System)

CPSS (Cyber Physical Social System)

CLASSIFYING ES, CPS, RS (RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM), AND CPSS

Taxonomy ES CPS RS CPSS

FeedbackOffline ✔

Online ✔ ✔ ✔

RaeltimenessNon-realtime ✔

Realtime ✔ ✔ ✔

SystemClosed ✔

Open ✔ ✔ ✔

CriticalityBest-effort ✔

Mission-critical ✔ ✔ ✔

ControlModel-driven ✔ ✔ ✔

Data-driven ✔ ✔

Effects of feedback

Nondeterministic ✔

Deterministic ✔ ✔ ✔

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Traditional ES CPSS

RS

OpenData-driven

ClosedModel-driven

OnlineRealtime

Mission-criticalDeterministic

OfflineNon-realtime

Best-effortNon-deterministic

CLASSIFYING ES, CPS, RS, AND CPSS

OpenModel-driven

CPS

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Hybrid Model & Data-Driven

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Model-Driven

• Traditional Control Theory‒ Feedback‒ Feedforward

• Simulation

Data-Driven

• BigData• Data Mining• Knowledge Mining• Data Assimilation

HYBRID MODEL & DATA-DRIVEN CONTROL THEORY

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Software component

Bridge componentHardware

Component

Software component

Bridge componentHardware

Component

Software components

(Embedded Oss, GPPs, etc.)

Hardware components

(DSPs, GPUs, ASICs, etc.)

Abstract Embedded Arch.

A Unified Component Model for CPSS

A MODEL FOR CYBER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE

A bridge component is filling the semantic gaps of components for execution and interface

NEXT-GENERATION CPSS GRANDCHALLENGES IN SOFTWARE SYSTEM DESIGN

The design of an underlying software architectureThe automatic composition of servicesCareful design of APIs and consideration of hardware heterogeneity

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Limitations

Challenges

Complex physical environments The immense diversity of hardware platformsThe diversity of applications themselves and their requirements

CPSS CHARACTERISTICS

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Technical Limitations of Today’s CPSS

Lack of a unified view of physical, hardware, and software entitiesLack of sufficient modularity and flexibility difficult to get integrated to CPSSDevelopment in isolation, Combining in ad-hoc fashion Difficulty of establishing correctness, realtimeness, and performance propertiesIncompetent management of massive data, info. processing, analysis, and retrieval

Important Development Challenges

A unified component modelBridging significant semantic gaps Scalable design, Analysis and Validation CapabilitiesSafety, Security and Reliability

a Complicated System to Analyze

Human’s social behavior

Physical process

Computing process

CPSS LAYERS

Nature Human Activities

Social Infra Info SourcesInfo Sources

UsersUsers

Devices/SensorsDevices/Sensors

Info ProcessingInfo Processing

Info WarehouseInfo Warehouse

Services/AppsServices/Apps

Devices/NetworkDevices/NetworkPC/PhonesDigital CardsDigital Cards TV/Radio

Digital Space

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CPSS EXAMPLES

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Preventive Medical Service System

Smart CitiesSmart Grid

Smart ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)

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OPTIMIZE THE PLANET BY MEANS OFCPSS SYSTEMATICALLY

Sensor networkMedical information network

• Electric medical record• Electric critical path information

Preventive Medical CPS Infrastructure

Traditional medical treatmentTraditional medical treatment

(*): Information Medicine：A concept provide right information at right timing to improve health

Growth type feed-backPrediction of individual fluctuation Cyber Space

Blood Oxygenation level

•Breathing rate•Sleep state

•Temperature•Humidity

Blood Pressure Weight Blood-

sugarBehavior discrimination

• Intensity of illumination

•Noise

Electro-cardiogram

Precise disease Precise disease risk control

Realtime information medicine(*)Realtime information medicine(*) Physical&Social Space

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PREVENTIVE MEDICAL SERVICE SYSTEM

CPSS FOR AUTOMOTIVE

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Road traffic accidents will be the 3rd leading cause of death by the year 2020

The World Health Organization Prediction

• Safety : most serious challenge in automotive transportation Thousands of deaths, Millions of injuries, hundreds of billions economical cost!


CPSS FOR AUTOMOTIVE

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Grand Challenges:

Minimizing Traffic Deaths

Minimizing Traffic Congestion

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Constructing new roads or improving existing facilities?

Solutions



CPSS FOR AUTOMOTIVE


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Constructing new roads or improving existing facilities?Expensive and leads to several environmental, political and social issues.

Solutions



CPSS FOR AUTOMOTIVE


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Improving single vehicle safety technology AND

Telecommunicating, computing, processing and sharing on-line traffic information under a CPSS

Solutions



CPSS FOR AUTOMOTIVE


The analyzed data in the data center is shared using vehicle to vehicle communication to improve own traffic information, and traffic efficiency and safety!

The vehicle-to-vehicle communication for creating sensor network to provide min. communication capability in an

emergency condition!

Move while finding a location where a new sensor network can be created.

Create new sensor networks

Transport of information

Distribution of Information Data center CPS base

Vehicle ITS CPS base

Vehicle sensing data: location, velocity, acceleration, load condition, temperature, rainfall, visual image, battery/fuel condition

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SENSOR-NETWORKED ITS (INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM)

Sending data to data centers via WAN

Analyzing data in data

center

Collecting data from the sensors on vehicles

Guiding vehicles for efficiency and safety

SUMMARY

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Mission: Developing technologies enabling future “CPSS”!

OUR VISION AND MISSION

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Vision: Our life shall be made better by means of “CPSS”!

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A Key Challenge: Very InterdisciplinaryNature of CPSS

Theoreticians, Domain experts, SocietyComputer scientists, Engineers (of all types)

Industry, Academia, Government

Civil engineeringControl systemsElectrical engineeringEmbedded systemsHuman-computer interactionHybrid systemsMathematicsMechanical engineeringNetworkingProbability and statisticsReal-time systemsRoboticsSecurity and privacySoftware engineering…

Automotive Buildings

Consumer/HomeTelecommunications

EnergyFinance Medical

Aeronautics…

SUMMARY

Whether we recognize it or not:We are in the midst of a pervasive, profound shift in the way humans engineer

physical systems and manage their physical environment.[CPS Computing Community Consortium]

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Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS)Merging computing, networking and society with physical systems

to create new revolutionary science, technical capabilities and better life quality.

Extraordinary significance for the future of the societies.

Falling behind in the foundations of CPSS may render our scientific and technological infrastructure obsolete.

cpss (cyber-physical-social system initiative –beyond … · social networks, cultures, ......

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