cpsc 601.43 topics in multimedia networking a mechanism for equitable bandwidth allocation under qos...
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![Page 1: CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking A Mechanism for Equitable Bandwidth Allocation under QoS and Budget Constraints D. Sivakumar IBM Almaden Research](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022033105/56649d2b5503460f949ffedb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
A Mechanism for Equitable Bandwidth Allocation
under QoS and Budget Constraints
D. Sivakumar
IBM Almaden Research Center
Sreenivas Gollapudi
Oracle Corporation /SUNY at Buffalo
The Twelfth IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service IWQoS, 2004.
Presented by:Abdul Hasib
CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
• Quality of Service (QoS)– Integrated Service– Differentiated Service
• Objective and previous work• Desired Properties• Basic principle • Bandwidth allocation algorithm• Comparison parameter• Experimental Results
Presentation outline
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Quality of Service (QoS)
• Internet provides “Best effort” service– Simple– No admission control– No guarantee; no performance assurance– Single level of service– Not suitable for booming real time applications.
The capability to provide resource assurance and service differentiation in a network is often
referred to as quality of service (QoS).
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Technologies
• QoS parameters– Throughput; Delay; Jitter; Data corruption etc.
• Developed technologies categorized by two key QoS issues:– Resource allocation
• Integrated Service• Differentiated Service
– Performance optimization• Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) • Traffic engineering
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Integrated Services (Int-serv)• Per-flow resource reservation.• Steps:
– Application requests its required resource.– The network uses a routing protocol to find a path
based on the requested resources.– Reservation protocol (RSVP) is used to install the
reservation state along that path. – At each hop, admission control checks whether
sufficient resources are available to accept the new reservation.
– After reservation, the application can start to send traffic over the path for which it has exclusive use of the resources.
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Int-serv (cont.)
• Two services level– guaranteed (delay) service, controlled load service.
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Int-serv (cont.)
• Disadvantage:– Applicable to long lasting traffic (video conferencing);– Scalability problem
• may not be able to cope with a very large number of flows at high speeds
• requires the support of accounting and settlement between different service providers
• Potential Application Area:– IP telephony, video conferencing over corporate
intranets
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Differentiated Service (Diff-serv)
Uses a combination of edge policing, provisioning, and traffic prioritization to achieve service differentiation.
• Resource allocation to aggregated traffic rather than individual flows.
• Traffic policing on the edge and class-based forwarding in the core.
IngressEdge Router
EgressEdge Router
Interior Router
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Router Functionality
• Interior routers: traffic classification and forwarding use DSCP as index into forwarding table
• Network edge routers:• Packet classification: service level agreement (SLA) and traffic type. • Responsible for mapping packets to their appropriate forwarding classes, per-hop behavior (PHB). Each PHB is represented by a 6 bit DSCP• Set DSCP in packet header DS field, modified TOS field. • Nonconforming traffic may be dropped, delayed, or marked with a different forwarding class.
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Router Functionality (cont.)
Classifier MarkerShaper/Dropper
Meter
Traffic conditioning
• Network edge routers: • traffic conditioning (policing, marking, dropping), SLA negotiation.
PHB group
dataPHB class
real-timePHB class
PHB 11
PHB 22
PHB 21
low delay
highimportance
high delay
lowimportance
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Diff-serv
• Define forwarding behavior not end-to-end services.• Guarantee by provisioning rather than reservation:
– For each forwarding class, the amount of traffic that users can inject into the network is limited at the edge
of the network.
• service providers can adjust the level of resource provisioning;
• control the degree of resource assurance to the users.
• Qualitative QoS scheme.
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
• Quality of Service (QoS)– Integrated Service– Differentiated Service
• Objective and previous work• Desired Properties• Basic principle • Bandwidth allocation algorithm• Comparison parameter• Experimental Results
Presentation outline
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Objective and previous work
• Fair and efficient bandwidth management.• Allocation based on differential pricing scheme.
Previous work• Allocation is based on a single preferred
bandwidth (A) request of user.• Uniform allocation rule:
– Initially allocate an equal share (X) to every user,– if A<X, user will receive exactly A.– Excess bandwidth will be equally re-apportioned among
all remaining users.
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Desired properties
• Feasibility: ; ai=allocated bandwidth to user i
• Efficiency: – If the sum of ideal allocations exceeds the supply, then
no user should receive more than his ideal allocation; – if supply exceeds the sum of ideal allocations, then no
user should receive less than his ideal allocation.
• Strategy proof ness: Mis-reporting bandwidth requirement should not give incentive to user.
• Envy-freeness: When the allocations have been determined, no user would prefer other users allocation to his.
iia B
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Basic principle
• Network coordinator– is used to deploy the bandwidth allocation
mechanism in a general network;– handles the functions of admission control.
• Bandwidth allocation is based on:– Service provider (vendor) parameter
• Cost function, c(b)= ; = constant• Capacity and utilization information of all links
along path, P.
b
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Basic principle (cont.)• Bandwidth allocation is based on:
– User (agent) parameter:• Utility function,
• Pricing level, li - User can choose to pay more for a QoS requirement to
increase the likelihood of receiving the better service.
- where, ci= cost function for agent I
C= revenue goal
iu (b) : [0,B] 0
*
1
: minimum acceptable bandwidth;
: optimal bandwidth;
: maximum acceptable bandwidth
i
i
i
i ic (l, b) = l b,
iil B C
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Utility function
, ( ) ( ) ( , )i i i iwelfare w b u b c l b
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Bandwidth allocation algorithm (M)
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Bandwidth allocation algorithm (M) (cont.)
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Bandwidth allocation algorithm (M) (cont.)
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Comparison parameter
(1) Quality of Service: For an agent with optimal allocation
, an allocation b of bandwidth is defined to achieve a QoS value of Q( , b) = b/
(2) Probability of allocation: Fraction of agents who receive at least , their minimum acceptable allocation ( ).
(3) Fairness rank, F(i) is proportional to
*
**
00i
il
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Fairness rank vs. QoS
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Fairness rank vs. Probability of allocation
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CPSC 601.43 Topics in Multimedia Networking
Thank you