M.A. Programme

The Centre for Political Studies admits at present about 75 students (excluding direct

foreign admissions) to the M.A. programme each year. Students in the M.A. programme

are required to study 16 courses, of 4 credits each, over a four­semester period. In the first

semester of the programme, students study four compulsory courses and in the subsequent

semesters two compulsory and two optional courses each. Students are encouraged and

generally tend to opt for optionals offered at the Centre and in the other Centres of the

School of Social Sciences. Currently the Centre’s course list has 32 optional courses from

which students may choose, depending upon their interest and future plans. They may also

choose to study optional courses in other Schools and special Centres. The ten compulsory

courses are defined around 3 broad sub­fields: 1) Political Theory and Philosophy; 2)

Indian Government, Politics and Public Policy; and 3) Comparative Politics and

International Relations.

Within the M.A. programme, 4 of the 10 compulsory courses fall within the stream of

Indian Politics and cover a wide canvas, from nationalist thought to development policy, in

addition to the more customary grounding in political institutions and processes. A large

majority of optional courses also belong to this stream and provide students with the

opportunity for a more intensive study of political ideas in modern India, public

institutions, political parties, pressure groups, regional politics, social movements, centre­

state relations, development policy and administration. 3 of the 10 compulsory courses in

Political Theory cover a body of seminal ideas that form normative benchmarks of public

life or inform political process, and introduce students to certain original writings of great

political thinkers. A more specialized fare is offered by way of optional courses in

democratic and liberal theory, Feminism, Social Injustice, Multiculturalism, Marxism and

Hermeneutic Philosophy. Two compulsory papers on Comparative and International

Politics revolve around the debates on perspectives, concepts, processes and institutions

that inform these subfields. A few optional papers that focus on globalisation, political

economy, civil society, state, nationalism, labour relations and conflict studies supplement

these sub­fields. A compulsory course in Research Methodology is intended to secure

analytical mastery over basic concepts, approaches, and introduces students to the basic

tools and technique of research.

The credit requirement for the award of M.A. degree, as prescribed in the University

ordinances, is 64. In case a student wishes to offer more courses than the minimum number

prescribed he/she may do so by offering them as non­credit courses. He/she has to declare

in advance the title of the non­credit course and no transfer from non­credit course to credit

course is permitted.

Students may repeat a course once to improve their grade with the prior permission of the

Centre and subject to the total number of courses per semester. If a student fails in an

optional course he/she can be permitted to offer another course in its place. In accordance

with School policy, the Centre permits repetition of courses only when the grade obtained

is B or below. When a student is allowed to repeat a course, he/she is required to sign a

declaration prescribed by the School that the grade obtained by him/her earlier in the

course may be cancelled. Consequently, if he/she actually repeats a course the grade

obtained in it will be treated as final. Repeating a course involves fulfilling all the

requirements of the course afresh as no credit for the work done previously is carried over.

Under the semester system followed in the University, students are required to register at

the beginning of each semester for the course, which they wish to offer in that particular

semester. The Centre may appoint a faculty adviser for each student who advises on the

courses to be taken. No student is allowed to attend a course without registration and is also

not entitled to any credits unless he/she has been formally registered for the course by the

scheduled date. However, late registration is allowed in exceptional cases.

In the evaluation system adopted by the Jawaharlal Nehru University in the “letter grade”

system an assessment is made of the student’s performance throughout the semester on a

continuous basis. The objective of the letter grading system is to provide a measure of the

student’s performance in each course. Each letter grade is given a numerical value for

computing the semester and cumulative averages. The main features of this evaluation

system are:

(a) It helps evaluate a student’s performance on a continuous basis throughout the semester

in a course, and the assessment is done by several observations such as day­to­day

performance in classrooms, home assignments, tutorials, seminars, term papers and mid­

semester tests, besides the end­semester examination.

(b) The final grade is awarded at the end of a semester after taking into account the totality

of the student’s performance in the above aspects and not on the basis of a single final

examination as is conventionally done.

The evaluation is done on the 10 points scale on a pattern that regulates the entire JNU

evaluation system.

M.Phil. / Ph.D. Programme

The Centre has two separate research programmes: the Master of Philosophy Programme

leading to the award of M.Phil. degree and the Doctor of Philosophy Programme leading to

the award of the Ph.D. degree. The Centre at present admits about 40 students to the M.Phil

programme each year. The M.Phil. programme is spread over four semesters and students

are expected to complete the course work in the first two semesters. Students must obtain a

Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 5.00 to be eligible to register themselves for

the IIIrd semester of the programme. A student who obtains a CGPA of less than 5.00 in

the Course work is not eligible to submit his/her dissertation. A student needs to secure an

aggregate CGPA of not less than 5.5 in course work and dissertation to obtain M.Phil.

degree and a minimum of 6 CGPA (5.5 for SCs and STs) to be eligible for Ph.D.

registration.

A student admitted to the M.Phil. programme must offer four courses two of which are

compulsory. The compulsory courses are:

(1) Philosophy and Methods in Social Sciences.

(2) Approaches, Concepts and Methods of Political Analysis.

The two compulsory courses are designed to equip and train students in the methods and

techniques of political research, the methodological debates and issues in social sciences,

as well as the basic approaches and concepts of political analysis. The third and fourth

courses, are optional courses, which students may select in consonance with their research

interests. The choice of the optional would be decided by the research needs and

specialization stream chosen by the student.

Students can enter the Ph.D. programme after successful completion of the M.Phil.

programme or directly. The University invites applications for the direct Ph.D. programme

twice in a year at the end of each semester. Progress of students in each semester of the

M.Phil./Ph.D. programme is closely monitored by the faculty. They are expected to make a

presentation of, at least part of, their work before the faculty prior to the final submission of

their Ph.D.

Within the three broad areas of Political Theory and Ideologies, Indian Government and

Politics, Comparative Politics and International Relations, the Centre seeks to promote

research on the following themes.

• Democracy, Citizenship and Human Rights

• Social Justice

• State, Development and Public Policy

• Civil Society and State

• Political Ideas in Modern India

• Media and Politics

• Political Institutions

• Theories of Change and Transformation

• Legitimacy, Protest and Change

• Federalism and Decentralization

• Diversity and Difference

• Religion and Politics

• Justice, Community and Culture

• Secularism, the Nation­State and Minority Politics

• Social and Political Movements

• Politics of Caste, Class, Communalism and Regionalism

• Multiculturalism and Identity Politics

• Dalit Movements and Politics

• Gender and Politics

• Environmental Politics

• Electoral Politics

• Political participation, Political Parties and Pressure Groups

• Comparative Study of Regional and State Politics in India

• Local Politics and Panchayati Raj Institutions

• Development Administration

• Neo­Liberalism and Globalization

• Issues of National Security

• Foreign Policy of India

B. A. Courses

The Centre offers two optional courses in a year one each in a semester, to students pursing

their B.A. Programme in the School of Languages. They are

(1) Political Ideas and Ideologies (Winter Semester)

(2) Indian Government and Politics (Monsoon Semester)

Revision of Course

A substantial revision of the M. A Programme of study was undertaken during 2007­2008

and the school of Social Science approved the same in its Board Meeting on 18.11.2008. In

the revision compulsory courses have been reduced from 12 to 10; there has been a major

overhaul in the content of the courses in Political Philosophy and a distinct approach to

the teaching of Political Ideas in Modern India is proposed. A substantial revision of the

four courses in Indian Politics and a closer bonding of the courses in Comparative and

International Politics have been proposed too. There is a pronounced emphasis on empirical

research, quantitative and qualitative, in the course, Methods in Social Sciences. Care has

been taken to bring about integration of the different sub­fields and courses to enable a

student to make better political analysis and formulate a comprehensive, and as far as

possible systematic, view of public affairs.

The new compulsory Political Philosophy courses will revolve around a body of concepts

and themes. Political Philosophy I will discuss five sets of twin concepts, where one

requires the other to make sense of them. They are: State/Civil society; Power/Authority;

Hegemony/Legitimation; Citizenship/Civil Disobedience; and Trust/Care. Political

Philosophy II will dwell on a series of concepts central to contemporary normative

philosophy. They are, Justice, Rights, Liberty, Equality, Democracy and Virtue.

ii. In the Readings in Political Thought three political philosophers ­ Aristotle, John Stuart

Mill and Karl Marx ­ are considered for exhaustive study. While Mill and Marx are the

authoritative exponents of the seminal ideas of two major perspectives on Social and

Political thought of our times i.e., liberalism and Marxism, Aristotle has been revisited by

several contemporary thinkers to highlight conceptions of good life which critically engage

with the two perspectives.

iii. All the three political philosophy courses lay much stress on reading the original

writings.

iv. In Methods in Social Sciences ‘fieldwork component’ has been retained. This was in

tune with the Faculty’s assessment that students need to be exposed to a systematic and

critical exploration of empirical reality, more rather than less.

v. Political thought of Modern India, as mentioned earlier, has been organised around

themes and concepts rather than the familiar track of political thinkers. It also

problematizes the mode of studying India and makes room for diverse but contentious

perspectives to speak on an issue and wrestle with one another.

vi. Courses on Public Institutions, Political Processes, and Development Politics and Public

Policy have been revised to take cognizance of significant changes in their respective

fields. Readings in these courses have been standardized and updated to reflect significant

scholarship in these domains.

vii. In International Politics our earnest attempt has been to strike a balance between theory

and political process.

M.A Compulsory Courses:

I. Indian Politics:

1. Indian Politics I: Political Thought in Modern India

2. Indian Politics II: Political Institutions

3. Indian Politics III: Political Process

4. Indian Politics IV: Development Politics and Public Policy

II. Political Philosophy:

5. Political Philosophy: Key Concepts I

6. Political Philosophy: Key Concepts II

7. Readings in Political Thought

III. Comparative and International Politics:

8. Comparative Politics

9. International Politics

IV. Research Methods:

10. Methods in Social Sciences

SCHEME OF TEACHING 1

M.A. 1 st Semester:

1. Indian Politics I: Political Ideas in Modern India

2. Political Philosophy: Key Concepts I

3. International Politics

4. Indian Politics II: Political Institutions

M.A. 2 nd Semester:

1. Political Philosophy: Key Concepts II

2. Comparative Politics

M.A. 3 rd Semester:

1. Readings in Political Thought

2. Indian Politics III: Political Process

M.A. 4 th Semester:

1. Indian Politics IV: Development Politics and Public Policy

2. Methods in Social Sciences

Scheme of Evaluation:

1. Compulsory Courses;

One Mid­term Exam of 1 credit; Tutorial submission & presentation

of 1 credit and End term Exam of 2 credits.

2. Optional Courses (As indicated in the respective Courses).

1 This scheme might be slightly altered to suit availability of Faculty.

M.A. Compulsory Courses

PO410N: Indian Politics I: Political Thought in Modern India

Background Note: There are different ways of imagining India. These different

imaginations are available to us through political ideas and concepts that emerged in

modern India against the backdrop of colonialism. These ideas and frameworks involved

among other things, a reassessment of traditional inheritances as well as an encounter with

and specific modes of appropriation of modernity. Thinkers belonging to diverse

intellectual persuasions opened up refreshingly new ways of envisaging the self, public life

and the possibilities of crafting a new world, and these endeavours offer a window to

understand the complex tapestry of political life in India. This paper approaches this body

of thought by identifying certain key issues and concerns without shelving the contestations

they are embroiled in. The perspective­framework proposed here is dove­tailed to a non­

linear reading of ideas, particularly those belonging to the same kindred class.

1. The Context

(i) Colonialism

(ii) Modernity

(iii) Imagination of Nation

2. Political Ideas

(a) Invocation of Tradition: (With special reference to Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay, Tilak,

Gandhi, M.S. Golwalkar)

(i) Assessment of Inheritance

(ii) Designation of Past

(iii) Religion, Caste and Culture

(b) Engagement with Modernity: (With special reference to Ranade, Tilak, Tagore,

Nehru, Ambedkar, Pandita Ramabai, M.N Roy and Iqbal)

(i) Social Reforms

(ii) Reconfiguration of space: sacred/polluted, private/public

(iii) Conceptions of Self

3. Imagination of the Democratic Ideal

(i) Concerns of Equality

(ii) Dignity and Swaraj

(iii) Representation and Diversity

(iv) Caste, Community and Nation

4. Methodological Debates on Studying India

Derivative, ‘Deshi’ and Beyond

Required Readings

SECTION 1

* Alam. J., India: Living with Modernity, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1999.

* Mehta.V.R. and Thomas Pantham, eds., Political Ideas in Modern India, Sage, Delhi

2006.

Bhattacharya Sabyasachi, History of Ideas and Social Sciences, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 2007.

Chandra Bipan, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, Orient Longman, Delhi,

1979.

Frankel Francine, Zoya Hasan, Rajeev Bhargava and Balveer Arora, eds., Transforming

India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000.

Greenfield Liah., Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, Harvard University Press,

Cambridge, Mass., 1992.

Panikkar K.M., In Defence of Liberalism, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1962.

Pantham Thomas and Kenneth Deutsch, Social and Political Thought in India, Sage, New

Delhi, 1984.

SECTION 2

* Gandhi M.K., Hind Swaraj or Home Rule, Navjivan Press, Ahmadabad, 1946.

* Golwalkar M.S., We or Our Nationhood Defined, Jagaran Publication, Bangalore.

_____________, Bunch of Thoughts, Jagaran Prakashan, Bangalore, 1966.

* Kaviraj Sudipta, ‘The Structure of Nationalist Discourse’ in T.V. Satyamurthy, ed., State

and Nation in the context of Social Change, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1994.

* Nehru Jawaharlal, Discovery of India, Asian Publishing House, Bombay, 1972.

* Parekh Bhikhu, Gandhi's Political Philosophy: A Critical Examination, Ajanta

Publication, Delhi, 1986.

* Tagore Rabindranath, Nationalism, Macmillan, London, 1950.

* Lokymanya Tilak, Centenary Publication, PPH, Delhi.

*Iqbal Mohammad, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Gulshan

Publication, Srinagar, 2003.

Ambedkar B.R., Writing and Speeches, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, Education Department,

Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai.

Balkrishnan Gopal, ed., Mapping the Nation, Verso, New York, 1996.

Bapat Ram, ‘Pandita Ramabai: Faith and Reason in the shadow of the East and West’, in

Dalmia Vasudha and H Von Stietencron, eds., Representing Hinduism, Sage, Delhi, 1995.

Bhattacharya Sabyasachi, History of Ideas and Social Sciences, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 2007.

Gupta Kalyan Sen, The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore, Ashgate Publishing Company,

Burlington VT, 2005.

Hall John. A., The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998.

Inamdar N.R., ‘Poltical Ideas of Lokmanya Tilak’ in Thomas Pantham and Kenneth L.

Deutsch, eds., Political Thought in Modern India, Sage, New Delhi, 1984.

Israt Waheed, Hundred Years of Iqbal Studies, Pakistan Academy of Letters, Islamabad,

2003.

Iyer Raghavan, Collected Works of Gandhi, Three Vols, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Kaviraj Sudipta, ‘The Reversal of Orientalism: Bhudev Mukhopadhyay and the Project of

an Indigenist Social Theory’, in Vasudha Dalmia and H. Von Stietencron eds, Representing

Hinduism, Sage, Delhi, 1995.

Lederle Matthew, Philosophical Trends in Modern Maharashtra, Popular Prakashan

Bombay, 1976.

Mehta V.R. and Thomas Pantham, eds., Political Ideas in Modern India, Sage, Delhi,

2006.

Nandy Ashis, Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism, Oxford

University Press, Delhi, 1983.

Nehru Jawaharlal, Selected Writings , Orient Longman, Delhi, Vol.2, 1975.

Parekh Bhikhu and Thomas Pantham, eds., Political Discourse: Exploration in Indian and

Western Political Thought, Sage, Delhi, 1987.

Raju Raghuram, Debating Gandhi, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2006.

Rao B. Shiva, The Framing of the Constitution, Vol.I.

Rodrigues Valerian, ed., Selected Writings of BR Ambedkar, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 2002.

Roy M.N., India in Transition, 1922.

Rumëz­i Bekhudâ, The Mysteries of Selflessness, Arthur J. Arberry (trans.), John Murray,

London, 1953.

Sen Krishna and Tapati Gupta, eds., Tagore and Modernity, Smiriti publication, 2007.

Shah A.B., ed, The Letters and Correspondence of Pandita Ramabai, Maharashtra State

Board of Letters and Culture, Mumbai, 1977.

Shakir Moin, From Khilafat to Partition: Muslim Thought in India, Aurangabad, 1977.

Vora Rajendra, ‘Liberalism in Maharashtra, Ranade and Jotirao Phule’, in T. Pantham and

Kenneth Deutsch, eds, Political Thought in Modern India, Sage, New Delhi, 1986.

SECTION 3

Aloysius G., Nationalism without a Nation in India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1997.

Appadorai A., Documents on Political Thought in Modern India, Vol. I&II, Bombay,

Oxford University Press, 1973 and 1976.

Frankel Francine, Zoya Hasan, Rajeev Bhargava , Balveer Arora, eds., Transforming India:

Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000.

Ganguli B.N., Concept of Equality: The Nineteenth Century Indian Debate, IIAS, Shimla,

1975.

Khilnani Sunil, The Idea of India, Penguin, Delhi, 1997.

Kohli Atul, The Success of India’s Democracy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

2001.

SECTION 4

* Chakrabarti Dipesh, ‘Open space, Public space: Garbage, Modernity and India’, South

Asia 14, no. 1 (1991): 15–31.

* Chaterjee Partha, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse,

Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1986.

* Nandy Ashis, Traditions, Tyranny and Utopia, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1987.

Breckenridge Carol A. and Peter Van Der Veer, eds., Orientalism and Post colonial

Predicament, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1993.

Chakrabarti Dipesh, Provincializing Europe: Post­colonial Thought and Historical

Difference, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2000.

Devy G.N. and Fred Dallymayr, eds., Between Tradition and Modernity: India's Search for

Identity: A Twentieth Century Anthology, Sage, Delhi, 1996.

Dirks Nicholas, Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Permanent

Black, Delhi, 2002.

Lal Vinay, The History of History: Politics and Scholarship in Modern India, Oxford

University Press, Delhi, 2003.

Parekh Bhikhu, Colonialism, Tradition and Reform, Sage, Delhi, 1998.

* Indicates essential reading.

PO411N: Indian Politics II: Political Institutions

Parliamentary and representative institutions traverse a distinctive course in India. By and

large, these institutions have held their own and guided the course of India’s complex

polity. However, they have also been transformed in significant respects when confronted

with the demands of Indian democracy and the challenges of development. The relations

between some of these institutions, such as the Legislatures and Courts, and Union

Government and State Governments have been highly tortuous at times but such tensions

have often led to redefine the scope of these institutions without necessarily leading to their

breakdown. Several new institutions and modes of accountability have arisen to take charge

of demands that have been mounted from time to time. This course introduces the student

to the leading institutions of Indian polity and the change that has taken place overtime.

1. Making of Political Institutions

(i) Constitutionalism in the Post­colonial Context

(ii) Constituent Assembly Debates

(iii) Constitutional Law and Change

Required Readings:

Constituent Assembly Debates (Selections).

Austin Granville, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, Oxford University

Press, Delhi, 1966.

Austin Granville, Working a Democratic Constitution: A History of the Indian Experience,

Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1999.

Basu D.D., Introduction to the Constitution of India, Prentice Hall, New Delhi, 2008.

Bhargava Rajeev, ed., Politics and Ethics of the Indian Constitution, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 2008.

Rao Shiva B., The Framing of India’s Constitution, A Study and Select Documents,

Tripathi, Bombay, 1968.

2. Judicial Power and Rule of Law

(i) Judicial Independence, Judicial Review

(ii) Judicial Activism, Public Interest Litigation

(iii) Civil Liberties, Preventive Detention and Extra­ordinary Laws (MISA, TADA, POTA,

NSA etc.).

Required Readings:

Baxi Upendra, The Supreme Court in Indian Politics, Eastern Book Company, New Delhi,

1980.

Hasan Zoya et al., eds., India’s Living Constitution: Ideas, Practices, Controversies,

Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2002.

Kashyap Subash, ed., Constitutional Reforms: Problems, Prospects and Perspectives,

Radha Publications, New Delhi, 2004.

Kirpal B.N. et al., eds., Supreme but not Infallible: Essays in Honour of the Supreme Court

of India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2000.

Sathe S.P., Judicial Activism in India: Transgressing Borders and Enforcing Limits,

Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2002.

Singh Ujjwal Kumar, State, Democracy and Anti­Terror Laws, Sage Publications, New

Delhi, 2007.

3. Executive and Political Leadership

(i) President: Modes of exercise of powers

(ii) Prime Minister and the Cabinet: Collective Responsibility and Accountability to the

Parliament. The PMO

(iii) Governors and Chief Ministers: Changing Role and Institutional Relationship

Required Readings:

Manor James, ed., Nehru to the Nineties: The Changing Office of Prime Minister in India,

Viking Press, New Delhi, 1994.

Mehra Ajay K. and V. A. Pai Panandiker, The Indian Cabinet: A Study in Governance,

Konark Publishers, New Delhi, 1996.

Morris­Jones W.H., Parliament in India, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia,

PA, 1957.

Rudolph Lloyd and Susanne, The Realm of Institutions: State Formation and Institutional

Change, Vol II, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.

4. Legislatures and Representation

(i) Composition, Powers, Reservations

(ii) Anti­defection Provisions, and Parliamentary Committees

(iii) Election Commission and Electoral Reforms

Required Readings:

Bhagat A.K., Elections and Electoral Reforms, Vikas Publications, New Delhi, 1996.

Lyngdoh J. M., Chronicle of an Impossible Election: The Election Commission and the

2002 Jammu and Kashmir Assembly, Penguin , New Delhi, 2004.

5. Federal Institutions

(i) Strong Centre Framework and Commissions on Centre­state Relations

(ii) Central Interventions and State Rights

(iii) Autonomy and Devolution: Federal Reforms and multi­level Federalism

Required Readings:

Arora Balveer and Douglas Verney, eds., Multiple Identities in a Single State: Indian

Federalism in Comparative Perspective, Konark Publishers, New Delhi, 1995.

Brass Paul R., The Politics of India since Independence, Cambridge University Press,

London, 1991.

Kapur Devesh and Pratap B Mehta., eds., Public Institutions in India: Performance and

Design, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2007.

Mukherji Nirmal and Balveer Arora, eds., Federalism in India: Origins and Development,

Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1992.

Saez Lawrence, Federalism without a Centre: The Impact of Political and Economic

Reforms on India’s Federal System, Sage, New Delhi, 2002.

6. New Institutions and Governance

(i) Transparency and Accountability: CVC, NHRC, CIC.

(ii) Inclusion and Accommodation: NCSC, NCST, NCM, NCLRM.

Required Readings:

Frankel Francine et al., eds., Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of

Democracy, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000.

Galanter Marc, Law and Society in Modern India, edited with an introduction by Rajeev

Dhavan, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1989.

Hardgrave Robert L., India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation, Harcourt,

Jovanovich, New York, 1980.

Keith A.B., Constitutional History of India, Methuen and Co, London, 1936.

Kohli Atul, ed., The Success of India’s Democracy, Cambridge University Press, London,

2001.

Morris­Jones W.H., The Government and Politics in India, B.I. Publications, New Delhi,

1971.

Noorani A.G., Constitutional Questions in India: The President, Parliament and the States,

Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000.

Pylee M.V., India’s Constitution, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi, 1962.

Rao K.V. and K.M. Munshi, Parliamentary Democracy of India, The World Press Private

Ltd, Calcutta, 1965.

Weiner Myron, The Indian Paradox: Essays in Indian Politics, edited by Ashutosh

Varshney Ashutosh, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 1989.

PO412N: Indian Politics III: Political Process

This course focuses on the significant political processes affecting Indian political system.

These political processes shape political structures and institutions, and are in turn, shaped

by them. While some of these processes have widened and deepened the scope and appeal

of democracy they have not necessarily been sensitive to the claims of others. While the

impact of some of these processes has remained deeply antagonistic to India’s secular ethos

many of them have provided voice to India’s bewildering diversity. India’s political space

is often inundated with the assertive claims of caste, class, gender, religion and region.

Some of these claims have been just, fair and inclusive while others have simply pandered

to the sustenance of dominance and subordination of one kind or another. This course

introduces the student to some of the most significant political processes that shape Indian

polity.

1. State in Independent India

a. The Nehruvian Consensus

b. Emergency and De­institutionalisation

c. State under Globalisation and Liberalisation

Required Readings:

Brass Paul, The Politics of India since Independence, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 1994, Introduction.

Jenkins Rob, Democratic politics and Economic Reform in India, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1999.

Kaviraj Sudipta, “A Critique of the Passive Revolution”, Economic and political Weekly,

Vol. 23, No. 45/47, Special Number, Nov. 1988.

Rudolph Lloyd and Susanne, In Pursuit of Lakshmi: Political Economy of the State in

India, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.

Satyamurthy T.V., ed., State and Nation in the Context of Social Change,

vol. l, Oxford University Press, Delhi, l994.

2. Political Parties and Electoral Politics

a. Ideology and Social Bases of Political Parties (National & Regional)

b. Shift from ‘Congress System’ to Coalition Politics

c. Party Politics and Non­party Political Mobilisation

Required Readings:

Adeney Katherine and Saez Lawrence, eds., Coalition Politics and Hindu Nationalism,

Routledge, London, 2005.

Brass Paul R. and Marcus F. Franda, (eds), Radical Politics in South Asia, MIT Press,

Cambridge, 1973.

Hasan Zoya ed., Parties and Party Politics in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,

2002.

Kothari Rajni, State against Democracy: In Search of Humane Governance, Ajanta, Delhi,

1988.

Weiner Myron, Party Politics in India: The Development of a Multi­Party System,

Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1957.

3. Class, Caste, Tribe and Gender

a. The changing Nature of Class Dominance in India

b. Middle Class: Old and New

c. Politics and Mobilisation of OBCs, Dalits, Caste Hindus and Adivasis

d. The Gender Question: Issues of Equality and Representation

Required Readings:

Agarwal Bina, ed., Structures of Patriarchy: State, Community and Household in

Modernizing Asia, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 1988.

Bardhan Pranab, The Political Economy of Development in India, Oxford University Press,

New Delhi, 1998.

Fernandes Leela, India’s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Economic

Reform, University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

Jaffrelot Christophe, The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics, 1925 to the

1990s, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 1996.

Menon Nivedita ed., Gender and Politics in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,

2001.

Misra B.B., The Indian Middle Class – Their Growth in Modern Times, Oxford University

Press, Delhi, 1978.

Mohanty Manoranjan ed., Caste, Class and Gender, Sage, Delhi, 2000.

Pai Sudha, Dalit Assertion and the Unfinished Democratic Revolution: The Bahujan Samaj

Party in Uttar Pradesh, Sage, New Delhi, 2002.

Shah Ghanshyam ed., Dalit Identity and Politics, Sage, New Delhi, 2001.

4. Religion, Language, Region

a. Religious Communities and Secular Politics

b. Linguistic Mobilisation and Demands for Recognition/Autonomy

c. Region and Nation: ‘Sons of the Soil’, Smaller States and Secession

Required Readings:

Baruah S., India against Itself: Assam and the Politics of Nationality, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 2003.

Bhargava Rajeev, ed., Secularism and Its Critics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,

1998.

Brass Paul, Language, Religion and Politics in North India, Cambridge University Press,

London, 1974.

Frankel Francine and M.S.A.Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in India: Decline of a

Social Order, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1989.

Hansen Thomas and Jaffrelot Christophe, eds., The BJP and the Compulsions of Politics in

India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998.

Kanungo Pralay, RSS’s tryst with Politics: From Hedgewar to Sudarshan, Manohar, Delhi,

2002

Prakash Amit, Jharkhand: Politics of Development and Identity, Orient Longman,

Hyderabad, 2001.

Sathyamurthy T.V. ed., Region, Religion, Caste, Gender and Culture in India, Oxford

University Press, Oxford, 1998.

Weiner Myron, Sons of the Soil: Migration and Ethnic Conflict in India, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 1987.

5. Civil Society

a. Media and Politics

b. Social Movements

Required Readings:

Farmer Victoria, “Depicting the Nation: Media Politics in Independent India” in Francine

Frankel, et al, eds., Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy,

Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2000.

Jayaraman, ed., On Civil Society, Sage, Delhi, 2005.

Kothari Smitu, “Social Movements and the Redefinition of Democracy” in Philip

Oldenburg, ed., India Briefing,Westview Press, Boulder, 1993.

Mohanty Manoranjan, Partha Nath Mukherji and Törnquist Olle, eds., People’s Rights:

Social Movements and the State in the Third World, Sage, New Delhi, 1997.

Prasad Madhava, “The State in/of Cinema” in Partha Chatterjee, ed., Wages of Freedom:

Fifty Years of the Indian Nation­State, Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1998.

Shah Ghanshyam, ed., State and Social Movements, Sage, Delhi, 1999.

Recommended Readings:

Chandra Bipan et al, eds., India after Independence, South Asia Books, 2nd edition, 2000.

Chandra Bipan, In the Name of Democracy: JP Movement and the Emergency, Penguin,

New Delhi, 2003.

Chatterjee Partha, ed., State and Politics in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,

1997.

Chatterjee Partha, ed., Wages of Freedom: Fifty Years of the Indian Nation­State, Oxford

University Press, New Delhi 1998.

Galanter Marc, Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes, University of

California Press, Berkeley, 1984.

Hasan Zoya, ed., Politics and State in India, Sage, New Delhi, 2001.

Kaviraj Sudipta, ed., Politics in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1997.

Khilnani S., The Idea of India, Penguin, London, 1997.

Kothari Rajni, Politics in India, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2003.

PO413N: Indian Politics IV: Development and Public Policy

This course is concerned with the dynamics of developmental politics and public policies

of the Indian state since independence. The central focus in this course is on the

relationship between economy and polity as manifested in land reforms, planning process,

political economy of green revolution, decentralization, liberalization and globalization etc.

The course will look into the complex and important relationship between state and market

along with issues of urbanization, corporatization, neo­liberal bureaucratization and

privatization of the Indian State. An in­depth study of a few policies related to poverty

alleviation, environment, food security, displacement and rehabilitation, gender inequality,

public­private partnership (PPP) and telecom and power reforms can be taken as case

studies to illustrate developmental changes in the political economy and democratization of

the Indian State more explicitly in contemporary times. The course will critically explore

how public policies of the last six decades have impacted the public, in what kind of ways

and targeting which kind of public.

1. Introduction

(i) The Discourse on Development: From Development as Economic Growth to

Sustainable Development.

(ii) Indian State and Its Developmental Trajectory: Social Indicators of development in a

comparative perspective; macro­economic indicators and their social implications and

patterns of inequality.

Required Readings:

Bagchi Amiya, ed., Democracy and Development, Macmillan, Basingstoke, 1995.

Dreze Jean and Amartya Sen, India: Development and Participation, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 2002.

Frankel Francine, India’s Political Economy, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2005.

Haq Mahbubul, Reflections on Human Development, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1999.

Weiner Myron, 'Political Economy of Industrial Growth in India' in World Politics, July

1986.

2. India’s Developmental Strategy: The Era of Planned Development

(i) Planning Institutions: The Planning Commission and the National Development Council

(ii) Industrial and Agricultural Policies

(iii) Land Reforms

(iv) Poverty: Measurement and Alleviation Programmes.

Required Readings:

Bagchi Amiya ed., Economy, Society and Polity: Essays in the Political Economy of Indian

Planning, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1980.

Bandyopadhyay D., 'Land Reforms in India', Economic and Political Weekly, June 21­28,

1986.

Bardhan Pranab, The Political Economy of Development in India, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 1984.

Byres Terence J., eds., The State and Development Planning in India, Oxford University

Press, Delhi, 1994.

Chakravarty S., Development Planning: The Indian Experience, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 1987.

Harris John, 'Comparing Political Regimes across Indian States', in Economic and Political

Weekly, Nov 27, 1999.

Kohli Atul, The State and Poverty in India: The Politics of Reform, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1987.

3. The Liberalization Policy and Challenges to Development

(i) State vs. Market: The Neo­Liberal Debate

(ii) Liberalization Policies: Industry and Agriculture

(iii) Regional Disparities in an era of Globalization

(iv) Regulatory Institutions

(v) Public­Private Partnership

Required Readings:

Bardhan Pranab, 'Disjunctures in the Indian Reform Process: Some Reflections' in Basu

Kaushik, ed., India`s Emerging Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 2004.

Basu Kaushik, ed., India in the Era of Economic Reforms, Oxford University Press, New

Delhi, 2003.

Harris John, Depoliticising Development, Leftword, Delhi, 2004.

Jenkins Rob, Democratic Politics and Economic Reforms in India, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1999.

Sachs Jeffrey et al., eds., India in the Era of Economic Reforms, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 1999.

4. Democracy, Governance and Public Policy

(i) Forest Policy

(ii) Displacement and Rehabilitation

(iii) Special Economic Zones

(iv) Decentralization and Panchayati Raj

Required Reading:

Agarwal Bina, A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1994.

Bardhan Pranab, 'Decentralization of Governance and Development', The Journal of

Economic Perspectives, 16:4, Autumn 2002.

Economic and Political Weekly, Special No on Development, Displacement and

Rehabilitation, June 15, 1998.

Jayal Niraja Gopal, Amit Prakash, Pradeep K Sharma., eds., Local Governance in India:

Decentralization and Beyond, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2006.

Kohli Atul, Democracy and Discontent: India’s Growing Crisis of Governability.

Mooij J., 'Smart Governance? Politics in Policy Processs in Andhra Pradesh', ODI Working

Paper Series, 2003.

Swaminathan Padmini, 'Development Experience in India: Gendered Perspective on

Industrial Growth, Employment and Education' in Social Scientist, Vol 22, No 3­4, March­

April 1994, PP 60­92.

Weiner Myron, Sons of the Soil: Migration and Ethnic Conflict in India, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 1988.

Recommended Readings:

Basu Kaushik ed., India’s Emerging Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2004.

Bhattacharya Dwaipayan, “Politics of Middleness: The Changing Character of the

Communist Party of India (Marxist) in Rural West Bengal (1977­1990)” in Ben Rogaly,

Barbara Harriss­White, and Bose Sugata, eds., Sonar Bangla? Agricultural Growth and the

Agrarian Change in West Bengal and Bangladesh, Sage, New Delhi, 1999.

Chandoke Neera, ‘On the Social Organization of Urban Space: Subversions and

Appropriations’, Social Scientist, Vol 21, No 5/6, May­June 1993, pp. 63­73.

Chatterjee Partha, The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of

the World, Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2004.

Fernandes Leela, India’s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Economic

Reform, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.

Heller Patrick, 'Moving the State: The Politics of Democratic Decentralization in Kerala,

South Africa and Porto Alegre', Politics and Society, 29:1, 2001.

Jayal Niraja Gopal, Democracy and the State: Welfare, Secularism and Development in

Contemporary India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2001.

Jayal Nirja Gopal and Sudha Pai, eds., Democratic Governance in India, Sage, New Delhi,

2001.

Kalpana K., 'Shifting Trajectories of Micro­Credit' in Economic and Political Weekly, Dec

17, 2005.

Kishwar Madhu Purnima, Deepening Democracy: Challenges of Governance and

Globalization in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2005.

Nieten Kristoffel, Views on Development, Three Essays Collective, New Delhi, 2004.

Patel I.G., Glimpses of Indian Economic Policy: An Insider's View, Oxford University

Press, New Delhi, 2002.

Patnaik Prabhat and Utsa Patnaik, “The State, Poverty and Development in India” in Jayal

Niraja and Sudha Pai, eds., Democratic Governance in India: Challenges of Poverty,

Development and Identity, Sage, New Delhi, 2001.

Samaddar Ranabir, ed. Refugees and the State: Practices of Asylum and Care in India,

1947­2000, Sage, New Delhi, 2003.

Sen Anupam, The State, Industrialization and Class Formation in India, Routledge,

London, 1986.

Sinha Aseema, Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India: A Divided Leviathan,

Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2005.

Thomas TM Isaac, RW Franke, Local Democracy and Development: People’s Campaign

for Decentralized Planning in Kerala, Left Word, New Delhi, 2000.

Varshney Ashutosh, Democracy, Development and the Countryside: Urban­Rural

Struggles in India, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1995.

PO414N: Political Philosophy: Key Concepts I

There is a body of concepts central to the discipline of Political Science, and these concepts

have been widely used to explore and evaluate public life and institutions. This paper, the

first of a set of two, examines some of these foundational political concepts, which have

been presented here as a set of pairs with a view to a) exploring the relationship between

the two concepts, and b) highlighting aspects of a concept that tend otherwise to be

ignored. Placing concepts like state and civil society, and, power and authority, together

allows us to draw attention to the distinction between the elements of the pair and raises

questions that make for a better understanding of each concept. The linking of civil

disobedience with citizenship, for instance, allows us to connect citizenship with issues of

political obligation and rule of law. It also enables us to draw upon a range of different

experiences, particularly from India, and to see how they speak to and impact upon our

ways of thinking about essential political concepts.

State­Civil Society

Power­Authority

Hegemony­Legitimation

Citizenship­Civil Disobedience

Trust­Care

State – Civil Society

* Calhoun Craig, “Civil Society and Public Sphere”, in Public Culture, Vol 5, No­2, 1995.

* Chandoke Neera, State and Civil Society, Sage, Delhi, 1995.

* Elliot C.M., ed., Civil Society and Democracy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.

* Foley Michael and Bob Edwards, “The Paradox of Civil Society”, Journal of Democracy,

Vol­17, No­3, 1996.

* Held David et, al, ed., The Idea of the Modern State, Open Univ Press, Bristol, 1993.

* Phillips Anne, “Does Feminism Need a Conception of Civil Society” in Simone

Chambers and Will Kymlicka, eds., Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society, Princeton

University Press, Princeton, 2002.

Hardt Michael, 'The Withering of Civil Society', Social Text, 45, Winter, No­4, 1995.

Kaviraj Sudipta and Sunil Khilnani, eds., Civil Society: History and Possibilities,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.

Keane J., Civil Society and the State: New European Perspectives, Verso, 1988.

Mamdani Mahmood, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of

Colonialism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1996.

Meadwell Hudson, “PostModernism No friend of Civil Society”.

Nielson Kai, “Reconsidering Civil Society for Now: Some Somewhat Gramscian

Turnings” in Michael Walzer ed., Toward a Global Civil Society, Bergham Books, Oxford,

1995.

Sadeq Emir, “Beyond Civil Society”, New Left Review, October 17, 2002.

Walzer Michael, “Equality and Civil Society” in Simone Chambers and Will Kymlicka,

eds., Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2002.

Wood E.M., 'The Uses and Abuses of Civil Society' in Ralph Miliband ed., Socialist

Register, 1990.

Power­Authority

* Gordon Colin et.al, eds., The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, University of

Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991.

* Sarah Joseph, Political Theory and Power, BRILL, Delhi, 1988.

* Lukes Stephen, Power: A Radical Critique, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2005.

* Nelson C. and L. Grossberg eds., Marxism and Interpretation of Culture, Urbana:

University of Illinois Press. Mullings, L. 1984.

* Newmann Saul, Power and Politics in Post­Structuralist Thought: New Theories of the

Political, Routledge, London, 2005.

Dahl Robert, Who Governs? Yale University Press, USA, 1961.

Foucault M., Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan, New

York, Vintage, 1979.

Mitchell T., 'Everyday Metaphors of Power', Theory and Society, Vol 19, No­5, 1990.

Nash Kate, Globalisation, Politics and Power, Blackwell, New York, 2000.

Rabinow Paul ed., The Foucault Reader, Pantheon, 1984.

Raz Joseph, The Morality of Freedom, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986, chapters 3&4.

Hegemony and Legitimation

* Gramsci Antonio, Selection from the Prison Notebooks, London, Lawrence and Wishart,

1979. pp. 123­205, 365­6, 375­7, 106­110, 55­9.

* Held David, "Legitimation Problems and Crisis Tendencies" in David Held, Political

Theory and the Modern State, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1989.

* Lorrain J., Marxism and Ideology, Macmillan, London, 1985.

Althusser L., “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatus” in Lenin and Philosophy and

Other Essays, trans. Ben Brewster, London, New Left Books, 1971.

Anderson Perry, ‘The Antinomies of Antonio Gramsci’, New Left Review 100, 1976­77, pp.

5­78.

Bobbio Norberto, ‘Gramsci and the conception of civil society’ in Chantal Mouffe, ed.,

Gramsci and Marxist Theory, Routledge, London, 1979.

Butler J., E. Laclau, and S. Zizek, Contingency, Hegemony, Universality, Verso, London,

2000.

Femia J., Gramsci’s Political Thought: Hegemony, Consciousness and Revolutionary

Process, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981.

Hall Stuart, “The Problem of Ideology: Marxism without Guarantees” in David Morley et

al., eds., Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, Routledge, London, 1996.

Laclau E. and C. Mouffe, Hegemony and Socialist Strategy, Verso, London, 1985.

Sassoon Ann Showstack, "Passive Revolution and the Politics of Reform" in A.S. Sassoon,

ed., Approaches to Gramsci, Writers and Readers, London, 1982, pp. 127­148.

Texier Jacques, "Gramsci, Theoretician of the Superstructures" in Chantal Mouffe ed.,

Gramsci and Marxist Theory , London, Routledge, 1979, pp. 48­79.

Citizenship­Civil Disobedience

* Balibar Etienne, “Propositions on Citizenship”, Ethics, 98 (4) 1988, pp. 723­730.

* Dawn Oliver and Heater Derek, The Foundations of Citizenship, Harvester Wheatsheaf,

New York, 1994 (Chapter 6: ‘Civic Virtue’ and ‘Active Citizenship’, pp.115­132; chapter 10:

Current Perspectives, pp.195­215).

* Gandhi M.K., ‘Duty of Disobeying Laws’, Indian Opinion, 7 September 1907.

________, ‘For Passive Resisters’, Indian Opinion, 21 October 1907.

* Haksar Vinit, Civil Disobedience, Threats and Offers – Gandhi and Rawls, Oxford

University Press, Delhi, 1986, pp.4­43.

* King Martin Luther, Jr., ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail in Hugo Adam Bedau, Civil

Disobedience in Focus, Routledge, London, 1991, 68­84.

* Kymlicka Will, Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship,

Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001 (Part A: The Evolution of Minority Rights Debate,

pp.15­67).

*Marshall T.H., Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 1950, pp.1­75 (Particularty, Section 4 in the first Essay – Citizenship and Social

Class – ‘Social Rights in the Twentieth Century’, pp.46­75).

* Rawls John, ‘Definition and Justification of Civil Disobedience’ in Hugo Adam Bedau,

Civil Disobedience in Focus, Routledge, 1991, pp.103­121.

Pateman Carole, , The Sexual Contract, The Polity Press, Cambridge, 1988.

Falks Keith, Citizenship, Routledge, London, 2000.

Heater Derek, What is Citizenship?, Polity, Cambridge, 1999.

Mahajan G., The Multicultural Path, Sage, Delhi, 2002.

* Thoreau Henry David, On Civil Disobedience (Resistance to Civil Government), 1849, in

Hugo Adam Bedau, Civil Disobedience in Focus, Routledge, 1991, pp.28­48.

Trust­Care

* Coleman J.H., ‘Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital’, American Journal of

Sociology, 94, 1988, pp.95­119.

* Fukuyama Francis, 'Social Capital, Civil Society and Development', Third World Quarterly,

22 (1), 2001, pp.7­20.

* Putnam R.D., ‘Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital’, Journal of Democracy,

6, pp.65­78.

* Sevenhuijsen Selma, 'The Place of Care: The Relevance of the Feminist Ethic of Care for

Social Policy' in Feminist Theory, 4(2), pp.179­197.

*Leira and Saraceno, “Care: Actors, relationships and contexts” in B. Hobson et.al., Contested

Concepts in Gender and Social Politics, Cheltenham, Edward Ellar Publishing House, 2002,

pp.55­83.

Kovalainen Anne, “Social Capital, Trust and Dependency” in Sokratis M. Koniordos, ed.,

Networks, Trust and Social Capital: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations from Europe,

Ashgate, London, 2005.

Putnam R.D., Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Renewal of American Community, New

York, Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Weir Allison, “The Global Universal Caregiver: Imagining Women’s Liberation in the New

Millennium”, Constellations, 12(3), 2005, pp.309­330.

PO415N: Political Philosophy: Key Concepts II

Even when political thinkers argue over the design of political institutions, they often agree

on the benchmarks used to evaluate these institutions. If in earlier times, virtue was the

touchstone for the rightly organized political community, in more recent times, alternative

political institutions are judged on their ability to deliver justice and equality, or liberty and

rights. There is thus a body of concepts central to our discipline, and these concepts have

been widely used to explore, evaluate and justify public life and institutions. This course

will examine some of these foundational normative political concepts, their place and

meaning in different political traditions. Familiarity with debates around these concepts

will enable students to examine the claim of modern democracies to be better forms of

government. Students will also be able to understand how, in a changing historical context,

the benchmarks of order and virtue were replaced by the criteria of rights and liberty in the

assessment of a political system.

1. Justice

Basic Readings:

Minnow Martha, “Justice Engendered”, Harvard Law Review, 101 (1987), 10­95.

Nozick Robert, “Distributive Justice”, in Anarchy, State and Utopia, Oxford, Blackwell,

1974, 149­231.

Rawls John, A Theory of Justice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971, pp. 3­53 (Justice

as Fairness), and pp. 258­332 (Distributive Shares).

Sandel M.J., Justice: A Reader, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.

2. Rights

Basic Readings:

Feinberg J., “The Nature and Value of Rights”, in J. Feinberg, Rights, Justice and the

Bounds of Liberty, Princeton University Press, 1980.

Hart H.L.A., “Are there any natural rights?” in Jeremy Waldron, Theories of Rights,

Oxford University Press, 1984.

Hart H.L.A., “Between Utility and Rights”, in A. Ryan, ed., The Idea of Freedom,

Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987.

Raz J., The Morality of Freedom, Clarendon, Oxford, 1986.

Shklar J., ‘The Liberalism of Fear’ in N. Rosenblum, Liberalism and the Moral Life,

Harvard University Press, 1989.

3. Liberty

Basic Readings:

Berlin Isaiah, Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford University Press, 2002.

Coole D., “Constructing and Deconstructing Liberty: A Feminist and Poststructuralist

Analysis”, Political Studies, Vol. XLI, No. 1, 1993.

Skinner Q., Liberty before Liberalism, Cambridge, 1998.

Taylor Charles, “What is Wrong with Negative Liberty?” in Alan Ryan, ed., The Idea of

Freedom, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1979.

4. Equality

Basic Readings:

Dworkin Ronald, “Four Essays on Equality”, including ‘What is Equality? Part I: Equality

of Welfare’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, summer 10/3, 1981 ‘What is Equality? Part II:

Equality of Resources’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, falls, 10/4, 1981.

.Parekh Bhikhu, “Equality in a Multicultural Society”, in Rethinking Multiculturalism, New

York, Palgrave, 2000, pp 239­263.

Phillips Anne, Which Equalities Matter, Polity, 1999.

Sen Amartya, “Equality of What?” in S.M.McMurrin, ed., The Tanner Lectures on Human

Values, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp 195­220.

Walzer Michael, “Complex Equality”, in Spheres of Justice: A Defence of Pluralism and

Equality, Martin Robertson, 1983, pp 3­30.

Williams Bernard, “The Idea of Equality”, in P.Laslett and W.G.Runciman, eds.,

Philosophy, Politics and Society, Blackwell, 1979, pp 110­131.

5. Democracy

Basic Readings:

Cohen Joshua, “Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy” in Alan Hamlin and Philp Pettit

eds., The Good Polity, Blackwell, Oxford, 1989, pp. 17­34.

Gutmann Amy, Why Deliberative Democracy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2004.

Habermas J., Between Facts and Norms, MIT Press, 1996.

Held David, Models of Democracy, 3 rd ed., Polity, London, 2006.

Keenan A., Introduction, Democracy in Question, 2003.

6. Virtue

Basic Readings:

Baier. A., ‘What do Women want in a Moral Theory?’ in S. Darwall, ed., Virtue Ethics,

2003.

Galston W., ‘Introduction’ in J.W. Chapman & W. Galston, ed. Virtue, Nomos 34, 1992,

pp. 1­14.

Macintyre. A., After Virtue, Notre Dame Press, 3 rd ed., 2007.

Nussbaum Martha, The Fragility of Goodness, (Selections), Cambridge University Press,

2 nd ed., 2001.

M. Nussbaum, ‘Aristotelian Social Democracy’ in R. Douglass et. al., eds., Liberalism and

the Good, pp. 203­52.

Supplementary Readings:

Adams R.M., A Theory of Virtue, Oxford University Press, New York, 2006.

Annas J., The Morality of Happiness, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993.

Boucher D. & P. Kelly, The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls, Routledge, London,

1994.

Darwall S., ed., Virtue Ethics, Blackwell, Oxford, 2003.

Dworkin R., Taking Rights Seriously, Duckworth, London, 1977.

Haksar V., Rights, Communities and Disobedience: Liberalism and Gandhi, Oxford

University Press, Delhi, 2001.

Kymlicka W., Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2002.

Macleod C., Liberalism, Justice and Markets: A Critique of Liberal Equality, Clarendon

Press, Oxford, 1998.

Pettit P., “The Domination Complaint” in S. Macedo & M. Williams, Domination and

Exclusion, NYU, 2005.

Rhode D.L., Gender and Rights, Ashgate, 2005.

Sandel M. J., Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1998.

Sandel M.J., Liberalism and its Critics, Blackwell, Oxford, 1984.

PO416N: Readings in Political Thought

The aim of this course is to introduce students to the original writings of great political

thinkers whose work has significantly shaped our thinking about the nature of the political,

the idea of state, just society and good government, and conceptions of the self. The Course

identifies three political theorists for detailed study and analysis, and through a careful

reading of their writings it will attempt to – a) develop the skill to read and interpret

political ideas through textual reading; 2) critically engage with ideas that have shaped our

contemporary understanding of liberal democracy; 3) appreciate the enduring significance

of political thinkers and see how ideas get re­contextualized in new and different contexts.

John Stuart Mill remains the single most important theorist whose conception of the

individual, freedom of speech and expression, the rights of women, law and punishment

has shaped the thinking of contemporary liberal democracies. In the writings of Marx we

have, from a completely different tradition, the most systematic critique of this

understanding of the individual, state and capitalist society. Aristotle, in contrast to both

these theorists, is writing in a pre­modern context. His ideas reflect notions of human self,

nature and potentiality that were challenged by modernity. Yet, contemporary political

philosophers, from Hannah Arendt, Jurgen Habermas to Martha Nussbaum and Ronald

Beiner, return to these ideas to offer critiques of modernity and liberalism.

Aristotle

i) A theory of moral action

ii) Politics and practical wisdom

iii) Political participation and the good life

iv) Nature, Teleology and the Self

Required Readings:

Nichomachean Ethics, Books II & III

The Politics

John Stuart Mill

i) Individualism

ii) Liberty, and the harm principle

iii) Representative Government

iv) Utilitarianism and State Policy

Required Readings:

On Liberty

Utilitarianism

Considerations on Representative Government

The Subjection of Women

Karl Marx

i) Theory of Alienation

ii) Historical Materialism

iii) Analysis of Capitalism

iv) Social Classes and Political Power

Required Readings:

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (Selections)

‘Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlooks’, The German Ideology

‘Theses on Feuerbach’, The German Ideology

Capital, Vol. I, ­ Section on Commodities, 1, 2, 3

Critique of the Gotha Programme

Grundrisse, ‘Production, Consumption, Distribution, Exchange (Circulation)’

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte.

Recommonded Readings:

Ackrill J.L., Aristotle the Philosopher, Oxford University Press, New York, 1981.

Avineri S., The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx, Cambridge Studies in the

History and Theory of Politics, 1968.

Callinicos A., ed., Marxist Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.

Cohen G.A., Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence, Princeton University Press,

Princeton 1978.

Kraut R. & S. Skultety, eds., Aristotle’s Politics – Critical Essays, Rowman and Littlefield,

Lanham, Md, 2005.

Lukes S., Marxism and Morality, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985.

Mulgan R.G., Aristotle’s Political Theory, Oxford, 1977.

N. Urbinati, ed., J.S. Mill’s Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment, CUP,

Cambridge, 2007.

Nussbaum M.C., The Therapy of Desire: Theory and practice in Hellenistic Ethics,

Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1996, ch. 2.

Ollman B., Alienation – Marx’s Conception of Man in Capitalist Society, 2 nd ed.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1976.

Parekh B., “Liberalism and Colonialism – A Critique of Locke and Mill” in B. Parekh and

J.N. Pieterse, The Decolonization of Imagination, Zed Books, London, p. 81­98.

Plekhanov G., Fundamental Problems of Marxism, (tr. 1929), Foreign Publishers, Moscow.

Poulantzas N., Social Classes and Political Power, New Left Books, London, 1973.

Rorty A.O., Essays on Aristotle’s Ethics, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980.

Skorupski J. ed., The Cambridge Companion to Mill, CUP, Cambridge, 1997.

Thompson D., J.S. Mill and Representative Government, Princeton University Press,

Princeton, 1996.

Verma Vidhu., Justice, Equality and Community: An Essay in Marxist Political Theory,

Sage, New Delhi, 2000.

PO417N: Comparative Politics

The study of politics is enriched by a comparative study of the institutional structures and

political processes of different political systems. The use of a comparative framework of

analysis however raises the question of what should be compared. Although comparative

politics is today an important subfield in the study of politics, there is little agreement on

the categories that should be the basis of comparison. This paper introduces students to the

some of the important perspectives on this issue and takes four categories – state,

development, nationalism and democratization – to explore the comparative experiences of

different countries and to make sense of their different political trajectories.

1) Comparative Politics: Different Perspectives

a) Structural

b) Institutional

c) Cultural

d) Political Economy

2) State in a Comparative Framework

a) Liberal and welfare state

b) Authoritarian state

c) State in socialist societies

d) Post­colonial state

3) Comparative Development Experience

a) Issues of modernization, integration into the world system

b) Underdevelopment and Dependency

c) Development and Democracy

4) Nationalism

a) Different articulations of nationalism: Europe and post­colonial societies

b) Post­nationalism

5) Process of Democratization

a) Role of democratic assertions, constitution and political authority

b) Electoral systems, parties and representation

Required Readings

* Alavi Hamza, “The State in Post­Colonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh”, New Left

Review, No. 74, (July/August) 1972.

* Chalmers Johnson, ed., Ideology and Politics in Contemporary China, Seattle, University

of Washington Press, 1973.

* Chattopadhyay Paresh, “Political Economy: What's in a Name?”, Monthly Review, April,

1974.

* Held David, ‘The Development of the Modern State’, Stuart Hall and Bram Gieben, eds.

Formations of Modernity, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1982.

* Leftwitch Adrian, States of Development, Polity, Cambridge, 2000.

* Lijphart Arendt, “Comparative Politics and Comparative Method”, American Political

Science Review, 65(3), 1971, pp.682­693.

* Migdal Joel, Kohli Atul, and Shue Vivienne, eds., State, Power and Social Forces:

Domination and Transformation in the Third World, Cambridge, Cambridge University

Press, 1994.

* Peters Guy B., Institutional Theory in Political Science: The 'new Institutionalism',

London/ New York, Continuum International Publishing, Oxford University Press, 2005.

* Sartori Giovanni, ‘Compare, Why and How’ in Mattei Dogan and Ali Kazancigil eds.,

Comparing Nations, Concepts, Strategies, Substance, Blackwell, Oxford, 1994.

* Skocpol T., ‘Bringing the State Back In: Strategies of Analysis in Current Research’ in Peter

Evans, B. Dietrich Rueschmeyer and Theda Skocpol ed., Bringing the State Back In,

Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

* Skocpol Theda, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France,

Russia and China, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1979.

* Wallerstein Immanuel, The Modern World System, Vol. I: Capitalist Agriculture and the

Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century, New York/London,

Academic Press, 1974.

Alavi Hamza, “State and Class under Peripheral Capitalism” in Hamza Alavi and Teodor

Shanin eds., Introduction to the Sociology of ‘Developing Societies’, Macmillan, London

and Basingstoke, 1982.

Amin Samir, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of

Underdevelopment, vol.II, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1974.

Anderson Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of

Nationalism, Verso, London, 1991.

Arendt Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism, Harcourt, Brace and World, New York,

1951.

Baran Paul, The Political Economy of Growth, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1957.

Bracher Karl Dietrich, The German Dictatorship: Origins, Structure and Consequences of

National Socialism, Hammondsworth, Penguin, 1973 (Penguin History Paperbacks 1991).

Calhoun Craig, Nationalism, Open University Press, Buckingham, 1997.

Cardoso Fernando Henrique and Faletto Enzo, Dependency and Development in Latin

America, translated by Marjory Mattinoly Urquidy, University of California Press,

Berkeley, 1979.

Chatterjee Partha, Nation and its Fragments, Oxford, New Delhi, 1994.

Chilcote Ronald, Theories of Comparative Politics: The Search for a Paradigm

Reconsidered, Westview Press, Boulder, 1994.

Dogan Mattei and Pelassy Dominique, How to Compare Nations: Strategies in Comparative

Politics, Vision Books, New Delhi, 1988.

Escobar Arturo, Encountering Development, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994.

Esteva Gustavo, ‘Development’ in Wolfgang Sachs ed., The Development Dictionary, Zed

Books, London, 1992.

Frank A., ‘The Development of Underdevelopment’ in J. Cockcroft, A. Frank and D.

Johnson eds., Dependence and underdevelopment, Anchor, New York, 1972.

Greenfield Liah, ‘Western European Nationalism’, Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume

1, Academic Press, London, 2001.

Greenfield Liah, “Etymology, Definitions, Types”, Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume

1, Academic Press, London, 2001.

Huntington Samuel, Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, New

Haven, 1968.

Laitin David, “Comparative Politics: The State of the Sub­discipline” in Ira Katznelson and

Helen Milner eds., Political Science: The State of the Discipline, W.W. Norton & Co., New

York, 2002, pp.630­659.

Larrain Jorge, Theories of Development, Polity, Cambridge, 1989.

Leys Colin, ‘The Rise and Fall of Development Theory’ in Colin Leys, Total Capitalism:

Market Politics, Market State, Three Essays Collective, Delhi, 2007.

Mair Peter, “Comparative Politics: An Overview”, in R.E.Goodin and H.Klingemann eds.,

The New Handbook of Political Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996.

March James G. and Olsen Johan P., “The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in

Political Life”, The American Political Science Review, 78(3), September 1984, pp. 734­

749.

Mohanty Manoranjan, “Comparative Political Theory and Third World Sensitivity”,

Teaching Politics, No.1&2, 1975.

Moore Barrmgton, Jr., 'Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship: Lord Peasant in the

Making of the Modern World', Beacon Press, Boston, 1966.

North Douglas, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1990.

Peter Limqueco, and McFarlane Bruce, Neo­Marxist Theories of Development, Croom Helm

and St. Martin Press, London, 1983.

Rahmena Majid, ed., The Post Development Reader, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1997.

Rostow W.W., The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non­Communist Manifesto, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1960.

Rothstein Bo, “Political Institutions: An Overview” in R. E. Goodin and H. D.

Klingemann, eds., The New Handbook of Political Science, Oxford University Press,

Oxford, 1997.

Said Edward, Orientalism, Routledge, London, 1979.

Santos T dos, ‘The Crisis of Development Theory and the Problems of Dependence in

Latin America’ in Henry Bernstein ed., Underdevelopment and Development: The Third

World Today, Hammondsworth, Penguin, 1973.

Wallerstein Immanuel, “The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System:

Concepts for Comparative Analysis” in Hamza Alavi and Theodor Shanin eds.,

Introduction to the Sociology of ‘Developing Societies’, Macmillan, London and

Basingstoke, 1982.

Woo­Cummins Meredith, The Developmental State, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 2001.

* Indicates essential reading.

PO418N: International Politics

Background Note:

This course highlights the transformation of nation­state system under the impact of

globalisation, international regulatory mechanisms and social movements. The inequality

and conflicts inbuilt into this system and the responses to the same are important

components of this study. Power is still a major arbitrator of relations between states in the

World. Therefore, while not denying the significance of the realistic approach to the study

of International politics this course suggests the necessity of bringing in the normative and

critical approaches to the fore both to understand the world closing upon itself and at the

same time breaking loose to give place to a myriad of distinct identities. Some of the

concerns central to this course are explored by situating South Asia in the on­going global

politics today.

1. Approaches and Methods

i. Realism and Neo­realism

ii. Liberalism and Neo­liberal Institutionalism

iii. Critical Approaches :Constructivist, Feminist, Neo­Marxist

iv. Normative Approaches: Global Justice, Cosmopolitanism

Required Readings

Enloe Cynthia, Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International

Politics, University of California Press, Berkely, 2004.

John Rawls, The Law of Peoples with The Idea of Public Reason Revisited , Harvard

University Press, Cambridge: Mass., 1999

Maria L. and Jan Stefan Fritz eds., Value Pluralism, Normative Theory and International

Relations, Macmillan Press, Basingstoke, UK, 1999.

Waltz Kenneth, Theory of International Politics, Random House, New York, 1979.

2. Nation State in a Globalizing World

Required Readings

Halliday Fred, “Global Governance: Prospects and Problems” in D. Held and A. McGrew

eds., The Global Transformations Reader, Polity Press, 2000.

Lauterpacht Eli, “Sovereignty – Myth or Reality”, International Affairs, 73, No. 1 (Jan,

1997), pp. 137­150.

Scholte Jan Arte, “Globalization and the State”, in Andrew Linklater, ed., International

Relations: Critical Concepts in Political Science, Routledge, New York, 2000.

Strange Susan, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996.

3. The Unequal World: Economy, Political Power and Cultural Dominance

i) Cold War and Its Aftermath

ii) New Imperialism Debate

iii) Unipolarity and Multipolarity

iv) Forms of Dependency and Assertions

Required Readings

Harvey David, The New Imperialism, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.

Roy Sumit, “Globalisation, Structural Change and Poverty: Some Conceptual and policy

Issues”, Economic and Political Weekly, 32, nos. 33­34 (Aug. 16­23, 1997) 2117­2135.

Walker R.B.J., One World, Many Worlds: Struggles for a Just World Peace, Lynne

Rienner, Colorado, 1998.

4. War and Peace

i) Old and New Wars

ii) Conflicts and Conflict Resolution

iii) Global Terrorism

Required Readings

Ackermann Alice, “The Idea and Practice of Conflict Prevention”, Journal of Peace

Research, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2003, pp. 339­347.

Cohen Frank S, “Proportional Versus Majoritarian Ethnic Conflict Management in

Democracies”, Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 30, 1997, pp. 607­630.

Dmoke W.K., War and the Changing Global System, Yale University Press, New Haven,

1988.

Raldor M., New and old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era, Cambridge, Polity

Press, 1999.

Saighal Vinod, Dealing With Global Terrorism Way of Forward, 2003.

5. International / Regional Organizations

i) United Nations in a Globalizing World

ii) European Community

iii) The ASEAN

Required Readings

Diehi Paul F, The Politics of Global Convergence: International Organisation in an Inter­

dependent World, Boulder, Lynne Rienner, 1997.

Martin Lisa L. and Beth A. Simmons, “Theories and Empirical Studies of International

Institutions”, International Organization, Vol. 52, 1998, pp. 729­757.

Newhouse John, “Europe’s Rising Regionalism, Foreign Affairs, 76, No. 1 (Jan­Feb,

1997), 76­84.

Pevehouse J.C., “With a Little Help from My Friends? Regional Organizations and the

Consolidation of Democracy”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2002,

pp. 611­626.

6. International Regimes (on Trade, Environment, Non­proliferation and Human

Rights)

“Encounters on the Frontiers of International Human Rights Law: Redefining the Terms of

Indigenous Peoples’ Survival in the World”, Duke Law Journal, 1990, Hein Online.

Baehr Peter R., “Controversies in the Current International Human rights Debate”, Human

Rights Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, October 2000, pp. 7­32.

Dunn J., ed., Political Studies, (Special Issue on Human Rights).

Hempel L.C., Environmental Governance: The Global Challenge, Island Press,

Washington D.C, 1996.

Krasner Stephen D., ed., International Regimes, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y,

1983.

Require Required

7. South Asia and World Politics

i) Foreign Policies of South Asian States

ii) Major Powers and South Asia

iii) Regional Cooperation in South Asia

Required Readings

Basrur M. Rajesh ed., Security in the New Millennium: Views from South Asia, India

Research Press, New Delhi, 2001.

Hewitt Vernon, The New International Politics of South Asia, Manchester University Press,

Manchester, 1997.

Phadnis Urmila, S.D. Muni, Kalim Bahadur, Domestic Conflicts in South Asia, South Asia,

New Delhi, 1986.

Supplementary Readings

Bajpai Kanti P. and Harish C. Shukul, ed., Interpreting World Politics, Sage, New Delhi,

1995.

Baldwin D., ed., Neo­realism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, Columbia

University Press, New York, 1990.

Baylis John and Steve Smith, The Globalisation of World Politics: An Introduction to

International Relations, Oxford University Press, New York, 2001.

Bull Hedley, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics, Macmillan,

London, 1977.

Easterly William, “Can Institutions Resolve Ethnic Conflict?” Economic Development and

Cultural Change, Vol. 49, July 2001, pp. 687 – 706.

Goor Luc Van De, Rupesinghe Kumar and Sciarone Paul, eds., Between Development and

Destruction: An Enquiry into the Causes of Conflict in Post­colonial States, Macmillan,

London, 1996.

Greenhood C., “Is there a Right of Humanitarian Intervention”, The World Today, Vol. 49,

1993.

Guicherd Catherine, “International Law and the War in Kosovo”, Survival, Vol. 41: 2,

Summer 1999, pp. 19­34.

Gurr Ted Robert, “Peoples against States: Ethnopolitical Conflict and the Changing World

System: 1994 Presidential Address”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 38, No. 3,

September 1994, pp. 347­377.

Habermas J, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory, MIT Press, 1998.

Harshe Rajen, Twentieth Century Imperialism: Shifting Contours and Changing

Conceptions, Sage, New Delhi, 1997.

Held David, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan

Governance, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995.

Hironaka Fran D J, and E. Schofer, “The Nation­State and the Natural Environment over

the Twentieth Century”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 65, No. 1, 2000, pp. 96­116.

Ignatieff M., Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry, Princeton University Press, 2001.

Michael Hoel, “International Environment Conventions: The Case of Uniform Reductions

of Emissions”, Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 2:2, March 1992, pp. 141­

159.

Muni S D, Understanding South Asia, South Asian Pub., New Delhi, 1994.

Niarchos C N, “Women, War and rape: Challenges facing the International Tribunal for the

former Yugoslavia”, Human Rights Quarterly, 1995, pp. 649­690.

Ohmae Kenichi, The Borderless World: Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy,

Harper and Collins, New York, 1991.

Pogge Thomas, “World Poverty and Human Rights”, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol.

19, Issue 1, August 2006, pp. 1­7.

Preis Ann­Belinda S., “Human Rights as Cultural Practice: An Anthropological Critique”,

Human Rights Quarterly, 18, 1996, pp. 286­315.

Ramakrishnan A.K., “Neoliberalism, Globalisation and Resistance: The Case of India”, in

Elvind Hovden and Edward Keene, eds., Globalisation of Liberalism?, Macmillan,

London.

Rosenau, J.N., Turbulence in World politics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1990.

UNDP, Human Development Reports.

PO419N: Methods in Social Sciences

The course is intended to prepare students to undertake empirical research in social

sciences. It begins by exploring the notion of social science and making a distinction

between empiricism and empirical research that is mindful of the role of the subject and

values in social inquiry. A central concern of the paper is to introduce students to

quantitative and qualitative methods of research. As part of this training students are

required to go on a field trip and conduct a survey based research. While students will be

exposed to a variety of different methods and taught to use available data sets, the purpose

of the field work is to enable them to plan and execute research, interact with respondents,

interpret the data and present their findings.

1. The Idea of Social Science

a) Approaching the difference between natural and social science

b) Conceptions of Science: From verification to falsification

c) Objectivity and value neutrality

2. Empirical Research in Social Sciences

a) Identification of research problem, formulation of hypothesis, use of concepts,

operationalization of variables

b) Quantitative and qualitative methods

c) Research Design

3. Quantitative Research Method

a) Measurement: Issues of Reliability, Validity and levels of measurement

b) Data collection: methods of data collection­ observation,

questionnaires and interviews

c) Sampling techniques: probability and non­probability techniques

d) Data processing: establishing categories and coding data

e) Data interpretation: Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics

f) Preparation of research report

4. Qualitative Research

a) Depth Interviews

b) Ethnography

c) Content analysis

5. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods

Required Readings

* Brown S., J. Fauvel and R. Finnegan eds., Conceptions of Inquiry, Routledge, 1981.

* Hoffding O., ed., Essential Readings in Logical Positivism, Basil Blackwell, 1981.

* Keohane King, & Verba, Designing Social Inquiry, Princeton University Press, 2001.

* Kolakowski,L. Logical Positivism: From Hume to the Vienna Circle, Pelican books,

1972.

* Popper Karl, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Hutchinson, 1980.

* Simon J.L., Basic Rresearch Methods in Social Science, Random House, New York,

1969.

* Taylor Charles, “Interpretation and the Sciences of Man”, Review of Metaphysics, 25/1,

1971.

* Weber Max, Methodology of the Social Sciences, Free Press, 1968.

* Weinberg Darin ed, Qualitative Research Method, Blackwell, 2000.

*Bohrnstedt & Knoke, Statistics for Social Data Analysis, F.E.Peacock Publishers, 1988. *Lakatos and Musgrave ed., Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Cambridge Univ. Press,

1970.

*Wonnacott & Wonnacott, Introductory Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, 1985.

Baronov, Conceptual Foundations of Social Research Methods, Paradigm Publications,

2004.

Bauer Martin W. and G. Gaskell, Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound,

Sage, London, 2000.

Beart David Patrick, Philosophy of Social Sciences, Polity, 2005.

Brodbeck May ed., Readings in the Philosophy of Science, Macmillan, 1968.

Bryman A., Social Research Method, Oxford University Press, 2001.

Hindess Barry, Philosophy and Methodology in the Social Sciences, Humanities Press,

1977.

Kuhn T., Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1962.

Kumar Ranjit, Research Methodology: A step by Step Guide for Beginners, Pearson

Education, 2005.

Marsh Cathie, The Critics of Survey, from The Survey Method: The Contribution of Survey

to Sociological Explanation, Allen and Unwin, London,1982.

Mukherjee P. N., Methodology in Social Research, Sage, 2000.

Nidditch P.H. ed., Philosophy of Science, Oxford University Press, 1968.

Phillips D. C., Philosophy, Science and Social Inquiry: Contemporary Methodological

Controversies in Social Science and Related Applied Fields of Research, Pergamon Press,

2004.

Rabinow P. & W.H. Sullivan, Interpretive Social Science, Univ. of California Press, 1988.

Ryan Alan ed., The Philosophy of Social Explanation, Oxford University Press, 1973.

Sapsford R., Survey Research, Sage, Delhi, 1999.

Seale Clive, Social Research Method: A Reader, Routledge, 2008.

Selltiz, Jahoda, Deutsche & Coote eds., Research Methods in Social Relations, Methuen,

London, 1965.

Srivastava VK ed., Methodology and Fieldwork, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

Triggs Roger, Understanding Social Science, Blackwell, 2001.

Young Paulin V., Scientific Social Survey and Research, 2nd ed. Prentice­Hall Inc., New

York, 1949.

*indicates essential reading

M.A. Optional Course

PO 507 N: Democratic Theory

Absolutism and the Rationalist Political Theory

Constitutional Government­ John Locke and the Origins of Liberalism

American Revolution­Jefferson, the Federalists.

French Revolutionary Tradition­ Debate between Burke and Paine

Rise of the Romantic Critique of Representative Democracy­ Rousseau.

Democracy and Citizenship

Mill and the contradictions of Liberal Democracy

Social Democracy

Liberal Theories of Democracy

Sociological Influence on Political Theory

Behavioural Theory

Liberals and Communitarians

Liberals and Gender Perspective

Democracy and Green Politics

PO 511: Philosophical Issues in Marxism

1. Dialectics: Marx's method. Contentious legacies of Hegel and Feuerbach; Dialectics as

epistemology and process; notion of contradiction/real opposition; logic: formal and

dialectical; Marx's understanding of totality, internal relations and specific understanding

of contradiction.

2. Materialism and Marx's understanding of history: Materialism: mechanical and

dialectical; materialism and realism; pluralism and determinism; functional explanation of

historical materialism; issues of primacy and human agency: historicism and freedom.

3. Concept of Alienation: Distinction between objectification and alienation; critique of

capitalism; issues of self­realisation and autonomy; socialism: moral and normative

considerations; human nature: fixed or contingent? Frankfurt school's contribution to the

understanding of alienation.

4. Class and Exploitation: Labour theory of value; a general theory of exploitation; class as

a relational phenomenon; class and its making; class­centric explanations and

methodological individualism.

5. State and Domination: Instrumentalist conception and relative autonomy; aspects of

domination; hegemony and resistance; state and civil society.

Marxism or Post­Marxism? Postmodernism and Marxism: dissenting visions. Utopia and

Marxism.

P0 512: Interpretation in Social Theory

The idea of Interpretive Social Science:

1. Hermeneutics as a way of recovering meanings and interpreting the text.

2. Hermeneutic Understanding

3. From Hermeneutic Understanding to Hermeneutic Philosophy: Gadamer's conception of

historicity and 'fusion at the horizon'.

­The Politics of Hermeneutic Philosophy: critique of modernity, conception of diversity,

community and preservation of cultures.

4. Habermas' critique of Hermeneutic Philosophy and his idea of Depth Hermeneutics

5. Critical Hermeneutics: Ricoeur on text and its meaning

6. Postmodernism, Deconstruction and Hermeneutics

PO517: State Politics in India

Credit 4

Course Teachers: Dr Asha Sarangi and Professor Sudha Pai;

Assessment: 1 Seminar Paper, 1 Term Paper and End Semester Exam.

Course Outline

1. A Theory of State Politics in India.

2. Reorganization of States in Independent India and recent demands for smaller

States.

3. Language, Region and Politics

4. Agrarian Politics in the States: Green Revolution, Farmers’ Movements, Suicides

by Farmers.

5. Regionalization of Politics: Regional Parties, Electoral Politics and Ethnicity

Movements.

6. Politics of Economic Reform in the States.

(In each of the topics after a general discussion, specific States will be selected for Case

studies).

Select Readings

(A Detailed Reading List covering individual States will be supplied)

1. Asha Sarangi (ed) Language and Politics in India (New Delhi: Oxford University

Press, 2009).

2. Bhalla G.S. 1994 (ed.) Economic Liberalisation and Indian Agriculture Institute

for Studies in Industrial Development, New Delhi: 61­107.

3. Biplab Dasgupta The New Agrarian Technology and India Geneva UN, 1977.

4. Brass Paul R Language Religion and Politics in North India CUP 1974.

5. Christophe Jaffrelot India’s Silent Revolution the Rise of the Low Castes in North

Indian Politics Permanent Black New Delhi 2003.

6. Francine Frankel & M.S.A Rao (eds.) Dominance and State Power in India OUP,

New Delhi 2 Vols. 1989, 1990

7. Geeta, V.& Rajdurai 1993 "Dalits and Non­Brahmin Consciousness in Colonial

Tamil Nadu" Economic and Political Weekly XXVIII, no 39, September 25:

2091­98

8. H.C.Hart (ed.) India a Political System Reappraised 1976 (see article on Indira

Gandhi by Stanley Kochanek).

9. Iqbal Narain (ed.) State Politics in IndiaMeerut, Meenakshi Prakashan, 1965.

10. Jeffrey Sachs, Ashutosh Varshney, and Nirupam Bajpai, (eds.): India in the Era of

Economic Reforms, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999.

11. Joan V. Bondurant, Nationalism versus Provincialism, Berkeley, 1959.

12. John R. Wood (ed.) State Politics in Contemporary India: Crisis or Continuity,

London, Westview Press, 1984.

13. John Robinson “Regionalising India: Uttarakhand and the politics of creating

states” South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, Volume 24, Issue 2 December

2001 , pages 189 ­ 212

14. Jos Mooij (ed) The Politics of Economic Reforms in India, New Delhi: Sage, 2005

15. K. Banerjee, Regional Political parties in India, Delhi, B. R. Publishing House,

1984

16. Kohli, Atul. 1991. Democracy and Discontent: India’s Growing Crisis of

Governability OUP, New Delhi.

17. Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph 1981 " Transformation of the Congress Party: Why

1980s was not a Restoration” Economic and Political Weekly May 2: 811­820..

18. Myron Weiner (ed.) State Politics in India, Princeton University, 1968.

19. Myron Weiner and John Osgood Field (eds.), Electoral Politics in the Indian

States, Vols. I– IV, New Delhi, Manohar, 1974, 75.

20. Paul Wallace (ed.) Region and Nation in India OUP 1985.

21. Ramashray Roy & Paul Wallace (eds.) Diversity and Dominance in Indian

Politics 2 Vols, 1990, 1992.

22. Rob Jenkins Democratic Politics and Economic Reform in India, Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1999.

23. Sudha Pai “Agrarian Mobilization and Farmers’ Movements in India” in Oxford

Companion to Indian Politics (eds.) Pratap Bhanu Mehta & Niraja Gopal Jayal.

OUP, 2009.

24. Sudha Pai 1993 Uttar Pradesh Agrarian Change Electoral Politics Shipra

Publications, New Delhi.

25. Sudha Pai State Politics New Dimensions: Party System, Liberalization and

Politics of Identity. Shipra Publications, New Delhi. 1999.

26. Sudha Pai, 2002, Dalit Assertion and the Unfinished Democratic Revolution: The

BSP in Uttar Pradesh, Sage Publications, New Delhi.

27. Vijay Joshi and I.M.D Little India’s Economic Reforms: 1991­2001, New Delhi:

Oxford University Press, 1996.

Journals to be consulted

Economic and Political Weekly: individual articles and all special issues on State

Assembly Elections from 1989 onwards

Seminar selected issues.

Reports and Special Issues:

Special Issue: Political Parties and Elections in the Indian States 1990­2003 Journal of

Indian School of Political Economy Vol XV, Nos 1&2 Jan­June 2003.

Special issue: Seminar no. 157, March 2007 “Battleground UP”. Special issue: Scheduled

Castes Changing Socio­Economic and Political Profile of Scheduled Castes in Uttar

Pradesh July­December 2000. Journal of the Indian School of Political Economy (Pune)

State Politics in India in the 1990s Political Mobilization and Political Competition

Jointly organized by Developing Countries Research Centre, University of Delhi and

London School of Economics Dec 2004 New Delhi (Papers available)

P0 519: Radical Movements in India

1 Theoretical issues concerning radical movements—A conceptual analysis, radical right

and radical left. Marxism and radicalism, critique of capitalism. Gandhian. critique of

capitalism and alternative to capitalism.

2. Radical Movements in India: Communist Movement, Socialist movement, post Cold

War movements, Environmental movement, Women's movement, Workers movement.

Cultural expressions of Radical Movements.

PO 522: Indian Foreign Policy

1. Basic approaches to the study of Foreign Policy ­ Historical, Ideological & Analytical.

Elements in the making of a Foreign Policy ­ Geography; Natural Resources; Technology;

Industrial capacity; Defence structure; Human elements­quantitative and qualitative; and

Diplomacy.

Foreign Policy making process: Governmental and non­governmental agencies.

2. Foundations of Indian Foreign Policy: heritage of the national movement; succession to

the colonial past; Non­alignment­its parameters; historical compulsions and policy.

Landmarks in Indian Foreign Policy: Kashmir Question and its internalization

(1984).

Impact of the Cold War Alliances (1954­ 55).

Sino­Indian Border War (1962),

Indo­Pakistan War and the Tashkent Summit (1965­66).

Indo­Soviet Treaty of Friendship (1972); Indo­Pak War and the emergence of

Bangladesh (1971).

Part­III

India Land its neighbours: Pakistan. Afghanistan. Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and

Bangladesh.

Sino­Indian Relations.

Indo­Soviet relations and India's relations with Socialist countries. Indo­US relations and

India's relations with major West European countries: France, Germany and United

Kingdom.

India and the newly liberated developing countries of the World. India and the United

Nations.

PO 530: Politics of Third World Societies

1. Theoretical Background

Approaches to the study of Third World Societies

(a) From Modernisation Theory to Public Policy: Continuity and Change in Political

Development Theoy

(b) The Sociology of Under­Development: Dependency, State, Social Classes etc.

(c) Soviet Writings on the Third World.

2. Comparative Analysis of Some Problems & Issues in Third World States:

I. The External Dimension

(a) Neo­Colonialism

(b) Dependency and Under­Development: Forms, Features and Impact.

II. Internal Characteristics

(a) Types of Regimes ­ Asia, Africa and Latin America (1950s­ 1980s).

(i) Single Party Regimes

(ii) Military Regimes

(iii) Authoritarian Regimes

(iv) Revolutionary Regimes.

(b) Ideologies and their Impact on Social and Political Change.

(c) Industrialization and Socio­Economic Change in the Third World.

PO 531: STATE IN INDIA

Course Description:

The course will focus on social, political, economic and cultural dynamics of the

institution of State in modern India. It examines themes central to the understanding of

the nature and form of relationship between state and society in post­independence India.

We will explore thematic pluralities related to the categories of religion, caste, region,

gender, language and class etc, and their uses in the state formation process in

contemporary India. Themes such as the rise of middle class, globalization, economic

reforms, decentralization, forms of cultural nationalism as well as important social

movements, low­caste mobilization and women’s rights will form the crucial aspects of

the course. By understanding the complex dynamics between the democratic institutional

structures and political processes, we will be able to comprehend and develop the

framework of analysis for the category of State as a conceptual and empirical reality.

The attempt is to take stock of various discourses and debates over the Indian State. This

will enable us to see the methodological and conceptual pluralism in our understanding of

the institution of the State in India.

Course Requirements:

Students are required to engage with the readings suggested, and should participate

actively in the discussion in the classes and tutorials. A mid­semester evaluation will

consist of a review essay and an in­class presentation on one of the readings of the

course. An end semester examination will be held as per the schedule.

Course Details:

Part One:

Theories of the State: Western and Non­Western

State Formation and Its Processes

Conceptual and Methodological approaches to study the Indian State

Historical Genealogies of the Indian State

State Formation in India

Readings:

Gabriel Almond,The Return of the State in APSR, Vol 82, No 3, September 1988.

Joel S.Migdal, State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and

Constitute One Another (1991:CUP)­ Selections

Foucault M., Governmentality

Peter Evans and Theda Skocpol, Bringing the State Back in (1985: CUP), Selections

Charles Tilly, The Formation of Nation­States in Western Europe (Selections).

Martin Doornboos and Sudipta Kaviraj (ed), Dynamics of State Formation: India and

Europe Compared (Selections).

Part Two:

Institutional Framework of the Indian State

Developmental Planning, Industrialization, Agrarian Reforms.

Political Economy of the Reforms and the Politics of Liberalization

Social Equity and Political Rights: Plans and Policies

Democratic decentralization.

Readings:

Pranab Bardhan, The Political Economy of Development in India

Amiya Bagchi, Political Economy of Underdevelopment

Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph, In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian

State

Francine Frankel, India’s Political Economy, 1947­77, and the revised edition of year

2004.

Terence Byres (ed), The State and Development Planning in India

T.V.Sathayamurthy (ed), State and Nation in the Context of Change (selections),

Francine Frankel and M.S.A.Rao (Ed), Dominance and State Power, Vol 1 and 2.

Rob Jenkins, Economic Reforms and Democracy (Selections).

Deepak Nayyar, Economic Liberalization in India

Part Three:

Identity Politics: Religion, Caste, Gender, Language and Region.

Law, Minorities and Women’s Rights

Governance Agenda, Media Politics.

Social Movements in Contemporary India: Shifting Concerns

New Political Institutions and Democratization of Indian Polity

Readings:

David Ludden (ed), Making India Hindu: Religion, Community and the Politics of

Democracy in India (selections).

Atul Kohli, Democracy and Discontent: India’s Growing Crisis of Governability.

Chritophe Jaffrelot, India’s Silent Revolution: The Rise of Low Castes in North Indian

Politics.

Ghanshyam Shah (ed), Dalit Identity and Politics.

Oliver Mendelsohn and Upendra Baxi (ed), The Rights of the Subordinated People

Gail Omvedt, Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist

Tradition in India.

Bina Agarwal, A Field of Her Own: Gender and Property Rights in India

Bina Agarwal (ed), Structures of Patriarchy.

Frankel et al, Transforming India: Social and Political Dynamics of Democracy

T.V.Sathyamurthy (ed0, Region, Religion, Caste, Gender and Culture in Contemporary

India.

Karin Kapadia (ed), The Violence of Development.

Asha Sarangi (ed). Language and Politics in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press,

2009).

Part Four:

State in India: A Comprehensive View

A State within states: Modes of Comparison and Contrast

Concluding Remarks

Readings:

Lloyd Rudolph (ed), Experiencing the State (Selections).

John Harris , Reinventing India

Chris Fuller and Veronique Benei (ed0, Everyday State and Society in Modern India.

Partha Chatterjee (ed), State and Politics in India.

Vivian She, The Reach of the State

PO 532: National Security and Terrorism in India

Pait­1

1. National Security­internal dimensions: values, structures and processes.

2. Internal Security organisations

3. Internal Security decision­making structures

4. Framework of Analysis.

5. State: Approaches. Class and Distribution.

6. Ethnicity, Social Movements and Insurgency.

Part­II

7. Terrorism Definitional problems and classification.

8. Characteristics: historical and contemporary.

9. Causes: external and internal; cultural and political

10. Terrorism and democracies.

Part­Ill

11. Terrorists and Organisations ­ profiles (ULFA, NSCN, Babbar Khalsa, LTTE)

12. Terrorism and Media: Print and Audio­Visual.

Part­IV

13. Response to Terrorism: Governmental, Political Parties.

14. Patterns of response in democracies

PO 533: Democracy and Multiculturalism

Credits 4

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

Course Teacher: Gurpreet Mahajan

Credits 4

Mode of Evaluation: 2 Mid­term presentations + End Semester Exam

1. The concept of Multiculturalism

2. The issue of cultural discrimination in liberal democratic polities

3. Promoting Non­Discrimination by protecting Cultural Diversity

4. The notion of Differentiated Citizenship and special rights for minorities

5. Liberal theories of minority rights

6. Are special rights compatible with individual rights?

7. Internal minorities and multiculturalism

8. Politics of Difference and the issue of equality: feminism and multiculturalism

9. Communitarianism, postmodernism and multiculturalism

10. Frameworks of multicultural democracy

11. Minority rights and issues of discrimination in India

Required Readings:

Boston Review, Special number on Feminism and Multiculturalism, 1997, No. 22.

Carens, J. 2000, Culture, Citizenship and Community.

Gray, J. 1988. "The Politics of Cultural Diversity", The Salisbury Review, September.

Gutman, A. (ed) 1994.Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition.

Gutman,A. 1993. "Challenges to Multiculturalism and Political Ethics", Philosophy and

Public Affairs, 22/3.

Haksar, Vinit. “Collective Rights and the Value of Groups”, Inquiry, 1998, vol. 41

Kymlicka, W (ed) 1995. The Rights of Minority Cultures.

Kymlicka,W. 1995.Multicultural Citizenship.

Lijphardt, Arendt. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies.

Mahajan, G. (ed.)1998. Democracy, Difference and Social Justice.

Mahajan, G. 2002. The Multicultural Path.

Minow, Martha 1990,Making all the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion and American Law.

Parekh, Bhikhu 2000. Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory.

Raz, Joseph 1994. “Multiculturalism: A liberal Perspective”, Dissent, Winter.

Seminar, Special number on Multiculturalism, December 1999, no.484.

Shachar, A. 2002.Multicultural Jurisdictions.

Tamir,Y. 1994. Liberal Nationalism.

Tully, J. 1995. Strange Multiplicity:Constitutionalism in a Age of Diversity.

Young, I.M. 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference.

PO534: Feminism and Political Theory

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Shefali Jha

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination:

One of the most significant forms of the resurgence of political theory in the 1970s has

been the writings of feminism. When women are seen as the subjects of history, when the

‘individual’ or the ‘subject’ is consciously seen as female, this transforms many of the

central concepts of political theory, from ‘citizenship’ to ‘justice’ to ‘democracy’. There

has hardly been any central idea of political theory that feminism has left untouched. This

course attempts to look at how many of the concerns of political theory change when

women are brought centre stage.

Doing Political Theory Again

By their second year, post graduate students of political science are already familiar with

classical works of western political thought like the Leviathan or The Social Contract. This

course begins by asking students to examine how a classical thinker’s position on women

allows him to construct his theory of the state, or of natural rights, in a particular manner.

We begin then, with a re­reading of political thought and political theory.

Coole D.H., Women in Political Theory, 1988.

Fraser N., ‘What is critical about Critical Theory: the case of Habermas and Gender’,

Feminism as Critique, 1987.

Gatens M., ‘The Dangers of a Woman Centered Philosophy’, The Polity Reader in Gender

Studies, 1994.

Hackett E. & S. Haslanger, Theorizing Feminisms, 2006.

Hartmann H., ‘The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a more

progressive union’, Women and Revolution.

Nussbaum M.C., ‘The future of feminist liberalism’, 2000.

Okin S.M., Justice, Gender and the Family, 1990.

Okin S.M., Women in Western Political Thought, 1979.

Pateman C., ‘The theoretical subversiveness of feminism’, Feminist Challenges.

Squires J., Gender in Political Theory, 1999.

Zerilli L., ‘Feminist Theory and the Canon of Political Thought’, The Oxford Handbook of

Political Theory, 2006.

Feminist Critiques of Negative and Positive Liberty

Next, we focus on some central concepts of political theory, starting with freedom and

rights. Some feminists have found sterile the usual dichotomous way of conceptualizing

freedom as either positive or negative freedom (some trying hard to uncouple the relation

between contract and freedom), and have tried to come up with an alternative conception of

freedom which cuts across these old distinctions.

Coole D., ‘Constructing and Deconstructing Liberty’.

Friedman M., Autonomy, Gender, Politics, 2003.

Hirschmann N.J., The Subject of Liberty: Toward a feminist theory of freedom, 2003.

Pateman C., The Sexual Contract.

Rights and the Public­Private Distinction

The reconceptualization of freedom in this manner has obviously affected our

understanding of rights. When we take women to be the subject of rights, it is all the more

difficult to understand all rights on the model of property rights, and it is easier to see rights

as relational.

Benn S.I. & G.F. Gaus, Public and Private in Social Life, 1983.

Brown W., ‘Suffering the Paradoxes of Rights’, Left Legalism/Left Critique, 2002.

Hirschmann N.J., ‘Difference as an Occasion for Rights: A Feminist Rethinking of Rights,

Liberalism and Difference’.

Kapur R., Feminist Terrains in Legal Domains, 1996.

Nedelsky J., ‘Law, Boundaries and the Bounded Self’, Representations, 1990.

Pateman C., ‘Feminist Critiques of the Public/Private Dichotomy’.

Engendering Democracy

For women, democracy, even in the minimal sense of the vote, came much later than it did

for propertied men. This gave feminists a critical perspective towards the modern

democratic state; what is also interesting is feminism’s positioning itself against other,

republican and communitarian critiques of liberal democracy.

Menon N., Recovering Subversion, 2004.

Mouffe C., ‘Feminism, Citizenship and Radical Democratic Politics’.

Pateman C., ‘Democracy, freedom and special rights’.

Pateman Carole, ‘Self­ownership and property in the person: Democratization and a tale of

two concepts’, Journal of Philosophy, 2002.

Phillips A., ‘Feminism and Democracy’.

Phillips A., ‘Must feminists give up on liberal democracy’.

Roy A., Gendered Citizenship, 2005.

Young I.M., Inclusion and Democracy.

Justice/ Care

It has long been said that principles of justice need to be specific to different spheres of life.

For some feminists, the principle of care is not only the distributive category to be used in

certain areas of the life world, it is to supplement and make up the lacunae in principles of

justice in general.

Daly M. and K. Rake, Gender and the Welfare State, 2003.

Gilligan C., Mapping the Moral Domain, 1988.

Leira A. & C. Saracens, ‘Care: actors, relationships and contexts’, Contested Concepts in

Gender and Social Politics, 2002.

Menon­Sen K., ‘Never Done, Never Done Away With – Women’s Unpaid Work and

Globalization’, 2004.

Sevenhuijsen S., ‘The place of care’, Feminist Theory, 2003.

Tronto J.C., Moral Boundaries – A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care.

Weir A., ‘The Global Universal Caregiver: Imagining Women’s Liberation in the New

Millennium’, Constellations, 2005 .

Difference or Domination

Being able to see, from the perspective of women, the gaps and problems in these theories

of freedom, rights, democracy and justice, and attempting to come up with alternative

theoretical constructions has generated its own debate – the debate on whether it is

difference or domination that structures women’s place in society.

John M.E., ‘Sexuality in Modern India’.

Mackinnon C.A., Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, 1987.

Mackinnon C.A., Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, 1989.

Rhode D.L., Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference, 1990.

Rubin G., ‘Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality’, 1984.

Feminism and Science

Doing theory, the question of science is never far behind. Women’s exclusion, or rather

their inclusion in a particular manner, has been justified on scientific grounds. The question

of what is women’s relationship to science becomes analogous to the question of what is

women’s relationship to theory.

Harding S., The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader, 2004.

Hesse Biber S.N. & M. Yaiser, Feminist Perspectives on Social Research, 2004.

Keller E.F., ‘Feminism and Science’.

Okruhlik K., ‘Feminist Accounts of Science’.

Wylie A., ‘Feminism in Philosophy of Science’, The Cambridge Companion to Feminism

in Philosophy, 2000.

Evaluating Feminist Interventions in Political Theory

Foregrounding women may have changed political theory significantly, but it has also led

to unease with using the category of ‘women’. This unease is reflected most in post

modernist and post colonial writings, themselves an attempt to transform our understanding

of politics. We end the course by looking at some of the evaluations of feminist

interventions in political theory in this literature.

Butler J., Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.

Collins P., Black Feminist Thought.

Hirsch M. & E.F. Keller, Conflicts in Feminism.

Mohanty C.T., Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism.

Nicholson L., Feminism/Postmodernism.

PO535: Politics of Indian Diaspora

Credits 4

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

Course Teacher: Professor Pralay Kanungo

Globalisation has intensified the process of transnational migrations of people and created a

diverse diaspora in many locations. Thus, the world has entered into a ‘diasporic age’ and

consequently, diaspora has emerged as a site of serious investigation and research. Indian

migration had started centuries before colonial intervention. But it was British colonialism

that forced the Indians to migrate to its colonies as indentured labour to serve its economic

interest. Postcolonial India has seen voluntary exodus of professionals and workers seeking

better economic pasture. There are about 20 million Indian diaspora spanning across the

globe. However, most of the teaching and research on Indian diaspora has remained

confined primarily to their social, cultural, and economic dimensions, thereby grossly

overlooking the political. This course on Indian diaspora, on the contrary, keeps politics in

focus.

The objectives of this course are:

• to understand the nature of diasporic identities in general and making of the Indian

diaspora in particular;

• to discern the diverse/heterogeneous nature of the Indian diaspora in terms of class,

caste, gender, generation, and religion;

• to comprehend the politics of assimilation, exclusion and integration in some of the

host nations and understand how the Indian diaspora has been responding to and

interacting with these dynamics;

• to analyse the nature and impact of Indian diaspora’s increasing involvement in the

homeland politics and critically examine the contours of Indian diasporic identity.

Section – I

Making of the Indian Diaspora

Conceptualising Diaspora: Nation, Culture and Globalisation; Making of the Indian

Diaspora: Nature of Pre­colonial, Colonial and Post­colonial Migration.

Readings:

Appadurai, Arjun, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Delhi:

Oxford University Press, 1997).

Carter, Marina, Voices from Indenture: Experiences of Indian Migrants in the British

Empire (London: Leicester University Press, 1996).

Cohen, R., Global Diaspora: An Introduction (London: UCL Press, 1997).

Hall, Stuart, ‘Cultural Identity and Diaspora’ in Jonathan Rutherford (ed.), Identity,

Community, Culture, Difference (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990).

Motwani, Jagat et al. (eds.), Global Indian Diaspora: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

(New York: Global Organization of People of Indian Origin, 1993).

Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora (New Delhi: Indian Council of

World Affairs, 2001).

Section ­ II

Diverse Diasporic Identities

In diaspora: Class, Caste, Gender, Generation, Religion, Region and Language.

Readings:

Coward, Harold, John R. Hinnells and R. B. Williams (eds.), The South Asian Religious

Diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States (Albany: SUNY Press, 2000).

Hawley, John Stratton and Gurinder Singh Mann, Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North

America (Albany,NY: State University of New York Press, 1993).

Khalidi, Omar (ed.), Indian Muslims in North America (Watertown, MA: South Asia Press,

1991).

Kumar Amitava, Passport Photos (California: The University of California Press, 2000.

Maria, Sunaina Marr, Desis in the House: Indian American Youth Culture in New York City

(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002).

Rayaprol, Aparna, Negotiating Identities: Women in the Indian Diaspora (Delhi: Oxford

University Press, 1997).

Steven Vertovec, The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns (London, New York:

Routledge, 2000).

Section – III

Diaspora and the Host Nation

Political dynamics of Race, Ethnicity and Culture; Politics of Assimilation, Integration and

Exclusion; Political participation/power­sharing in the Caibbean, Mauritius, Fiji, USA, UK,

Canada.

Readings:

Ali, Ahmed, Plantation to Politics: Studies on Fiji Indians (Suva: Fiji Times and Herald

Ltd., 1980).

Ballard, Roger, Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain (London: C. Hurst,

1994).

Chandrasekhar, S. (ed.), From India to America: A Brief History of Immigration: Problems

of Discrimination, Admission and Assimilation (LA Jolla, CA: Population Review

Publications, 1982).

Gregory, Robert G., Quest for Equality: Asian Politics in East Africa, 1900­1967

(Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 1991).

Shukla, Sandhya, India Abroad: Diasporic Cultures of Postwar America and England

(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).

Van der veer, Peter (ed.), Nation and Migration: The Politics of Space in the South Asian

Diaspora (Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1995).

Section – IV

Diaspora and the Homeland

Diaspora as Pressure Group: Political and Economic Agenda and Government’s Response;

Ideological and Organisational Relationship with Political Parties/Identitarian

Groups/Transnational organizations: Emerging Political Tensions; Indian diasporic Identity

and its critique; Emergence of a South Asian Diaspora.

Readings:

Kurien, Prema, ‘Constructing “Indianness” in the United States and India: The Role of

Hindu and Muslim Immigrants’, www.usc.edu./dept/LAS/sc2/kurien.html

Prasad Vijay, The Karma of Brown Folk (Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2000).

Rajagopal, Arvind, Politics after Television: Hindu Nationalism and the Reshaping of the

Indian Public (New York: Cambridge University press, 2001).

Shankar, Lavina Dhingra and Rajini Srikanth (eds.), A Part, Yet Apart: South Asians in

America (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998).

Singh Bahadur, I. J. (ed.), The Other India: The Overseas Indians and their Relationship

with India: Proceedings of a Seminar (New Delhi: Arnold Heinemann, 1979).

The Foreign Exchange of Hate: IDRF and the American Funding of Hindutva (Mumbai:

Sabrang, 2002).

PO 536: Equality and Distributive Justice

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Vidhu Verma

Mode of assessment: Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

The idea that all human beings are entitled to equal respect and conern has shaped political

movements, public policy, and philosophical debate. Indeed, the currency of equality has

been such that philosophies across the spectrum all claim to be egalitarian, be it in their

insistence on individuals’ equal rights to liberty and property or the importance of the

redistribution of wealth to further equal well­being.

Although equality has served as leading concept since the French revolution it has become

one of the most controversial of social ideals in recent times. There is controversy

regarding the precise notion of equality, the material requirements and measure of equality

and its place in a larger theory of justice. The main challenges to equality have been from

the neo­conservatives and a discourse inspired by the politics of difference. This course

will address some of the issues and challenges arising in contemporary societies relating to

the ideal of equality.

1. Defining Equality:

Defining equality; Formal and Substantive notions of equality; moral and juridical equality;

Political, social and economic equality; relation of equality with other moral ideals.

Basic questions in normative egalitarian theory that arise are: What is equality? What do

people who care about equality really care about? By virtue of what characteristics are we

one another’s equals? What is the problem with unequal treatment of individuals?

I. Berlin. 1955­56. Equality. Proceedings of the Aristotlean Society. No. 56. p. 301­326.

Reprinted in Berlin. 1978. Concepts and Categories. Philosophical essays. Hogarth.

London.

Bernard Williams. 1962. The Idea of Equality. In Philosophy, Politics and Society. Ed.

Peter Laslett and Runciman. Ed.

J. Roland Pennock and John. W. Chapaman.1967. ed. Equality. Nomos Volume 9. Atherton

Press. NY. Pp. 3­27.

Richard Norman, 1987. Free and Equal. OUP. Oxford.

B. R. Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches ‘Annihilation of Caste’, vol. 1, 1936, (1979)

Education Department, Maharastra: Bombay.

2. Class inequality, exploitation and injustice: Expanding the notion of juridical

equality and distributive justice; Link between political, social and economic equality;

critique of private property; Distribution of goods based on principle of needs.

Karl Marx, On The Jewish Question

­­­­­­ Critique of the Gotha Program

­­­­­­ The German Ideology

G.A. Cohen. 1995. Self ownership, Freedom and equality. CUP: Cambridge.

Frank Parkin. 1971. Class Inequality and Political Order. New York. Praegar.

Kate Sopers. 1981. On Human Needs. Sussesx, Harvester Press.

3. Equality and distribution of material goods; Reconciling liberty with equality;

Utilitarian and Kantian theories of equality and their critique, the Rawlsian paradigm.

This section examines conceptions of equality that are concerned with the distributive

criteria. It examiner some of the principles with which a fair distribution of goods can take

place in political community: equality in people’s capabilities (Sen,) Distribution of

resources (Dwarkin); opportunity for welfare (Arenson); access to advantage (Cohen);

power, material goods and cultural and educational opportunities (Norman 1987).

John Rawals, 1971.A Theory of justice. (sections 1­4; 11­13)

Amartya Sen, 1992. Inequality Re­examined. 12­29. Chapters 2 and 3. pp. 41­55.

Ronald Dworkin. 1981a. What is Equality? Equality of Resources. PPA. Volume 10. 185­

246.

­­­­­­­­1981b. What is Equality? Part 2 . Equality of Welfare. PPA. Volume 10.283­345.

Amartya Sen. Equality of What? In Sterling McMurrin. Ed the Tanner Lectures on Human

Values. 1. Salt Lake University. University of Utah Press. CUP. 197­220. Also in A. Sen.

1982. Choice, Welfare and Measurement. CUP. Cambridge.

G.A. Cohen. 1989. on the Curency of Equalitarian Justice, Ethics. Volume 99. no. 4. July

906­44.

Michael Walzer. 1983. Spheres of justice. A Defence of Pluralism and Equality. Basil

Blackwell. Oxford. (pp 3­28; 61­63; 303­323).

……..1973. In Defence of Equality. Dissent. Volume 20. no. 3. Fall. 399­408.

4. Against Equality: Voluntary exchange and market transactions; Entitlement theory

and the self­ownership thesis and its critique of redistribution; Critique of patterned or end­

state principles of justice.

The section will critically exmine Nozick’s view that equality does not have a foundational

role in the grounding of claims to justice and his argument that unequal capitalist property

rights are a natural corollary to the equal liberty principle

Robert Nozick. 1974. Anarchy, State and utopia. Basic Books, New York.

Milton Frideman. 1962. Capitalism and freedom. Chicago University Press.

5. Equality and Differences: Changes in the discourse on equality; Domination and

oppression; Criticism of the distributive paradigm and universal citizenship.

Modern liberal democracies typically value the formal equality of citizens, and make equal

respect of persons a central political value. But there is much debate and obscurity about

how the idea of equality is best understood, and a large literature has now grown debating

universality of citizenship and the unequal distribution of benefits and burdens that flow

from this.

Susan Moller Okin. 1987. Justice and Gender., PPA Volume 16. no 1 Winter. 42­47.

Catherine Makinnon 1987. Feminism Unmodified. Discourses of Life and Law. Cambridge.

MA: Harvard University Press.

Iris Marion Young. 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton University Press.

…….. 1989. Polity and Group Difference: A critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship.

Ethics. 99

Nancy Franser, 1995. From Redistribution to Recognition. Dilemmas of Justice in Post

Socialist Age. New Left Review. 212.

Anne Phillips 1987. The Politics of Presence. OUP. Oxford.

…….. 1993. Democracy and Difference. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.

…….. 1991. Engendering Democracy. Polity. Basil Blackwell

Susan Okin. 1999. Is Multicultural bad for women? Princeton University Press. Will

kymlicka. 1995a, Multicultural citizenship. A liberal theory of Minority Rights. OUP:

Oxford. 26­33; 108­30.

…….. 1995b. The Rights of Minority Cultures. OUP: Oxford.

6. Equality, Democracy and Social Justice: Changes in relationship between economic

redistribution, democracy and justice; caste and the changing discourse on equality’;

impact of affirmative action policies in India; Globalization and its impact on social

institutions promoting egalitarian policies.

This section summarizes the changing discourse of equality and the way in which equality

ahs influenced political thinking and the formation of social policy at different periods of

time. What are the underlying objectives and justifications of anti­discrimination laws?

How effective are the law and relevant administrative measures as a means of assisting

groups who are discriminated against in society? What kind of political structures should

an egalitarian aspire to?

A.H.. Goldmam.1979. Justice and reverse Discrimination. Princeton.

Cohen, Nagel and Scanlon. Eds. 1977. Equality and Preferential Treatment. Princeton.

Ralf Dahrendorf. On the Origins of Inequality among men in Dahrendorf. Essays in the

Theory of Society. Stanford University of Press. Stanford. 151­178.

A.Beteille. Society and Politics in India. OUP: Oxford. Chapters 8 and 9.

……… 1983. The Idea of Natural Inequality and other Essays (OUP:DDelhi, 1983).

Ganguli, B. N. 1975. Concept of Equality. The Nineteenth Century Indian Debate IIAS:

Simla.

Marc Galanter, 1991. Competing Equalities: low and the Backward Classes in India. OUP,

Delhi.

Gurpreet Mahajan, ed. Democracy, Difference and Justice. OUP.

General Reading

Andre Beteille, ‘ Homo Hierarchicus, Homo Equalis, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 13, no. 4.

pp. 529­548;

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics. Ed. Jonathan Barnes. Princeton University Press.

Ian Shapiro and Lea Brilmayer. Nomos: Global Justice. NUY, New York.

Imitiaz Ahmad, Partha S. Ghosh and Helmut Reifuld. Pluralism and Equality. Values in

Indian society and Politics. Sage, New Delhi.

J.J. Rousseau. A Discourse on Inequality.

Louis Pojaman and R. Westmoreland. 1996. Eds. Equality. OUP. oxford.

M. Brennan, 1982 Class, Politics and Race in Modern Malaysia Journal of Contemporary

Asia. 12.

Mahathir Mohammad, 1971. The Malay Dilemma. Singapore, Asia Pacific.

Martha Nussbaum and A. Sen. Eds. The Quality of Life. OUP. Oxford.

Martha Nussbaum. 1992. Human Functioning and Social Justice. Political Theory. Volume

20.202­246.

Pantham, T and K. L. Deutsch, (ed.) Political Thought in Modern India (Sage:New Delhi,

1989).

R. Goodin and P. Pettit. Ed. A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy. Oxford,

Blackwell.

Richard Arneson, eds. 1997. Equality. Selected Readings. OUP, Oxford.

Ronald Dworkin. 2000. Sovereign Virtue. The Theory and Practice of Equality.

Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

Sharon Siddique and Leo Suryadinata, 1981­82. Bumiputra and Pribumi. Economic

nationalism in Malaysia and Indonesia. Pacific Affairs. 54.

Thomas W. Page. Human Flourishing and Universal Justice. Social Philosophy and Policy.

Volume 16.

Will Kymilicka. 1990. Contemporary Political Philosophy. Clarendon. Oxford. Dennis

Mckerlie. 1996. Equality. Ethics. 106. pp. 274­296.

PO 537: Politics of Social Justice in India

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Gopal Guru

Mode of assessment: Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

The course under consideration is based on the claim that it is different from other courses

in as much as it seeks to redefine that idea of social justice in two major senses. It moves

from the mere distributive, corrective and protective aspects of justice to non­distributive

but normative aspects like humiliation and its opposite self­respect and recognition.

Secondly, this course redefines the concept of social justice in the particular context of

India. Thus, the rationale of the proposed course is based on the hermeneutic principle that

there could be multiple ways of understanding social justice. Within Indian context, the

course seeks to develop itself around three frameworks of social justice­ Gandhian. Marxist

and Dalit Bahujan. The course also focuses on the resonance of these frameworks with the

various social movements both before independence and after independence. The course is

therefore aimed at discussing the critical relationship between ideas and practices. It is on

this plane, this course also seeks to assess the impact of this framework of justice on the

actual social justice oriented policies and practices of public institutions in India. Since

these frameworks are sufficiently reflective, an element of critique is internal to them.

Hence, the course avoids valorizing these frameworks.

This course, thus, has threefold focus. First, it seeks to outline and discuss three

frameworks of social justice in India. Secondly, it also focuses on various movements that

reflect the idea of social justice is justice is visualized in these frameworks. And finally,

this course will discuss institutional practices of social justice. This threefold agenda is

unitized in the following manner.

I: Three Frameworks of Social Justice

a) Gandhian:

1) Its historical Trajectory.

2) Its Social Context

3) Its spiritual aspects

4) Its Moral Dimension

5) Resolution of injustice

6) Critical Assessment.

b) Marxist:

1) Its Historical trajectory

2) Its Social Context

3) Exploitation as background condition

4) The principal, "from each according to his ability; to each according to its

needs"

5) Distributive principle of justice

6) Procedural forms of justice

7) Resolution of injustice through structural condition.

8) Critical assessment.

c) Dalit –Bahujan:

1) Historical trajectory

2) Social context

3) Social Discrimination as the background conditions

4) Humiliation

5) Self­respect

6) Principle of Comparative worth

7) Recognition

8) Critical assessment.

II. Movements for Social Justice.

1) Self­Respect movement

2) Dalit movement for water

3) One village one drinking water source movement.

4) Satyshodhak Movement

5) Working class movement

6) Sulabh International and safai kamgar Movement.

III. Policies and Practices: Critical Evaluation

1) Various policies adopted by social justice ministry

2) Directorate of social Welfare

3) SC Commissioner

4) ST Commissioner

5) National Commission of Human Rights.

Explanation:

a) Gandhian

Historical trajectory would warrant the discussion on Bhakti Tradition in India as the

source of Gandhain idea of social justice logically. This would make it necessary to discuss

spiritual and moral aspects of Gandhi’s concept of Social Justice. Social context for

Gandhi remains social hierarchy within the caste system in India. Gandhian framework

suggests the resolution of justice question in what has been termed as “shudraization” of

different spheres. Finally, in view of all this it would be essential to discuss the nature of

Gandhian concept of social justice­ a kind of naming the idea of justice through critical

assessments.

b) Marxist

This section will deal with the idea of social justice as discernible in the thinking and

practice of Marxists in India. This specific idea needs to be discussed keeping in mind the

following points. Discussion on the very location of social justice becomes necessary

specially in the context of the predominantly caste based agrarian nature of Indian society.

This section would also include the Marxist principle of redistribution of resources each

according to his/her ability and to each according to his needs. In this section, procedural

forms of justice will be discussed. In other words a focus on Marxist resolution of al forms

of injustices through the structural transformation of society would be necessary.

Exploitation as the background condition will have to be discussed in this section. Finally,

some discussion will have to be held on the nature of social justice with this particular

perspective.

c) Dalit­Bahujan

In this particular section, social justice as developed by Phule, Periayar and Ambedkar will

be the main focus. The genealogy of this particular notion of justice will be discussed.

Humiliation as an opposite of self­respect will have to be discussed as the background

principle of this Dalit­Bahujan notion of justice. Along with the concept of self respect

corresponding concept of comparative worth will have to be discussed in this section. For

foregrounding the principle of respect and recognition, it will be necessary to bring in

social discrimination in Bahiskrut Bharat (quarantined India) as the background principle

of this particular concept.

II Movements for Social Justice;

The course structure includes specific movements because these movements seem to be the

most appropriate examples to assess resonance of the idea of social justice. For example,

movement as led by EVR Periyar in the south and Satyashodhak movement as led by Phule

in the West are movement that are motivated by the idea of self respect. Similarly, the

Chavdar Tank water movement of Ambedkar would help us in understanding the principle

of comparative worth. The focus on working class movement would focus on the

distributive principle justice of resources. Gandhian anti­unsociability movements would

focus on the social worth.

III Practice of social justice:

This section would include the discussion on various institutions that regulate the idea of

social justice at the practical level. These would include particularly, Directorates of Social

Welfare, Planning Commission, National Commission on Human Rights and SC/ST

Commission.

Reading List

A) Gandhian framework of social Justice

D.G. Tendulkar, Collected works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol.6&7 the – Gandhi Peace

foundation.

Raghavan Iyer, Moral and Political thought of Mahatma Gandhi. Three volumes. OUP­

Blackwell, 1987.

Bhiku Parekh, Political Philosophy of Gandhi, Delhi: Ajanta, 1984.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Tradition, Colonialism and Reform, Delhi: Sage, 1999.

Upendra Baxi and Bhiku Parekh, eds, Crisis and change in Contemporary India. New

Delhi, 1995.

Partha Chaterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse?

Delhi, OUP, 1984.

Marxist Notion of Social Justice

B.T.R. Randive, Caste, Class and Property Relations, EPW, special Number 1979.

D.D. Kosambi, History and Society, Problems of Interpretation, ed. A.J Sayad. Bombay

University, Bombay, 1985.

Dipankar Gupta, Base­Super Structure Debate in the Context of Marathwada University

Riots, EPW, Special No. 1979.

Dutta Gupta, Shobhanlal, Justice and the Political Order in India. Calcutta; KP Bagachi &

Company, 1979.

EMS Namoodripad, India’s Struggle for independence.

Javeed Alam, India, Living with Modernity, Delhi, OUP

Marx’s Notes on Indian History,

R.P. Doutt, India Today, Calcutta: Manisha, 1947.

Vidhu Verma, Marxist Notion of Justice New Delhi, Sage

Dalit­Bahujan Notion of Social Justice;

G. Aloysius, Nationalism without a Nation, Delhi, OUP, 1992.

G.P. Despande, Selected Writings of Mahtma Jotirao Phule, Leftword: New Delhi. 2001.

Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution, Delhi; Sage, 1996.

M.S. Gore, Social Context of an Ideology; Ambedkar’s Political and Social Thought,

Delhi: Sage, 1993

Pandian MSS, Beyond Colonial crumbs. Cambridge School, Identity Politics. And

Dravidan Movement, EPW, Feb, 25, 1995.

Rodrigues, Valerian, The Essential Writings of B.R. Ambedkar, Delhi; OUP. 2003.

Rosalind O' Hanlon, Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Phule and the Social Protest

in Western India. Cambridge, 1985.

V.Geetha, & S. V Rjadurai, Towards a non­ Brahimin Millennium, Calcutta: Samya, 1998.

Writings and Speeches of Ambedkar, Educaiton Dept. government of Maharashtar. Vol. l3.

Movement for Social Justice

Amertya Sen, Development as Freedom, Delhi: OUP, 1999.

Andre Beteille, Society and Politics in India, Essays in Comparative Perspective. OUP.

1992.

Atul Kohli, ed, Success of India’s Democracy, Cambridge, London, 2001.

Baba Adhav, One village One Water Source, Granthali, Mumbai, 1970.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Caste and Democracy, London, 1933.

Chaterjee, Partha, ed, State and Politics in India, Delhi: OUP, 1998.

Chris Bayly, Caste, Society and Politics in India from 18 th Century to the Modern Age,

Cambridge, 2002.

Christophe Jaffrelot , India’s Silent Revolution, the Rise of the Low Castes in North Indian

Politics, Delhi: Permanent Black, 2003.

Frankel , Bhargava, Hasan, Arora, eds, Transforming India, Social and Political Dynamics

of Democracy, Delhi: OUP, 2000.

Gail omvedt, Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society, the Non­Brahmin Movement in

Western India, Scientific Socialist Education Trust. Mumbai, 1976.

Gurpreet Mahajan, Democracy, Difference and Social Justice, Delhi: OUP, 1999

Hasan Zoya, ed, Politics and State in India, Delhi: Sage, 2000.

K.M.Pannikar, In Defence of Democracy, Bombay; Asia Publishing House, 1962.

M.S.A. Rao, ed, Social Movement and Social Transformation in India. Delhi: Manohar,

1980. (Vol. I & II)

Marc Galanter, Affirmative Action in India, EPW, Special No. 1979.

Patro, A.P., 'The Justice Movement in India', The Asiatic Review. No. 93. 1932.

Rajni Kothari, ' Rise of the Dalits and the Renewed Debate on Caste'. EPW, June, 25, 1994.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Rights and Identities, Aspects of Liberal Democracy in India, Delhi,

OUP, 1998.

Shekahr Bandhopadhyay, Namsudra Movement in West Bengal, 1878­1911.

T.K. Oomman, Protest and Change, Studies in Social Movements, Delhi: Sage. 1990.

Policy and Practice: Critical evaluation,

Galanter, Marc, Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India. OUP,

1992

Joshi, Barbara, Democracy in Search of Equality, Delhi: National Publication. 1976.

Mandal Commission Report, Two Vols. 1980.

Pai Sudha, Dalit Assertion and the unfinished Democratic Revolution, Delhi: Sage 2002.

Planning Commission SC/ST Special Components Plans.

SC&ST Commission Reports.

Sen Amertya & Jean Drez, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunities. Delhi:

OUP, 1995.

Background Readings.

David Millar, Principles of Social Justice, Harvard University Press, 1999.

Iris Marion Young, Justice and the Politics of Difference, New­Jersey, Princeton

University Press, 1990.

John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, OUP, 1971.

Micheal Walzer, Spheres of Justice.

Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, Duckworth, 1977.

PO 539: Issues in Political Philosophy in Modern India

Credits: 4

Course Teacher: Valerian Rodrigues

Sessional Requirements: 2 mid term assignments (50%), and an end semester examination

(50%)

Introduction and Objectives:

In modern India we find not merely a vibrant engagement with political issues and

concerns but also extensive writings – biographical, reflective, exhortative rhetorical,

comparative and scholarly­ on the same. At the same time, there is an attempt underway to

propose categories and concepts which can make sense of the political domain markedly

different from the way this domain was articulated in dominant versions of Western

Political Philosophy. This latter attempt has striven to enrich existing concepts, formulate

alternative relations across concepts and occasionally propose new concepts and norms.

Sometimes we find in this attempt a scathing critique of the prevailing notions and the

conceptual field they spawn. Such an endeavour is caught in a field of contestations but

quite often the nature of such contestations are significantly different as compared to

mainstream political philosophy in the West and sometimes we find a broad agreement on

an issue which is singularly different from the available body of concepts ( e.g. the notion

of swaraj). This course seeks to elucidate the main issues that came to be the central

concerns of political philosophy in contemporary India and how they together formulated a

possibly other domain of political philosophizing.

While there are many such concepts and norms three of them are the concern of this

course: Modernity, Nationalism and Secularism. All three of them, whatever their

genealogies may have been, are bound in a web of relations in contemporary Indian

thought. Besides, other norms, concerns and processes of public life – liberty, equality,

rights, respect, citizenship, community, culture, democracy, participation and law – are

integrally bound with them. Therefore this course focuses only on three major issues of

political philosophical concern and the relationship across them. Other concepts are

considered only relationally.

This paper will not trace the processes through which these issues unfolded themselves or

the way they came to shape articulations of power. It will not go into their socio­political

anchoring or the impact they have had on public institutions and the legal order. However,

it will make extensive use of the existing studies, reflections and discourses to locate the

conceptual differences that reflective thought tried to highlight with regard to public life in

India and the consequences they have to a genre of thought known as political philosophy.

The focus is on what came to be meant by these issues in modern Indian thought and what

conceptual apparatuses were deployed to make sense of them. The way these issues have

been handled in the prevailing versions of political philosophy and the implications they

have for public life are considered to the extent they have their bearing on the elucidation

of these issues.

Modernity: Introduction: Category and critical reflections on this theme in India generally revolve

around the following questions: What does it mean to be modern and how does one

demarcate it from the pre­modern? Should persons and communities embrace modernity?

If not why? If so to what extent? Are there several versions of modernity or an overriding

one? How is modernity related to other great political values such as liberty, equality,

autonomy, culture and community? Can modernity help produce societies inter­

generationally?

a. The conception of the modern and its adversaries: The characteristics of the modern;

its universality; the relation between the traditional/pre­modern and the modern;

requirements essential for the pursuit of modernity; modes of access to modernity;

modernity and capitalism; modernity and liberties; modernity and culture; modernity, self

and identity.

b. Modernity and colonialism: Distinctive features of colonial modernity; its modes of

dominance and legitimation; responses to colonial modernity.

c. Defence of and opposition to the modern: Arguments favouring modernity; arguments

indisposed to or opposing modernity and its avatars; modernity manifest in the very

opposition to modernity.

d. Relationship to Western modernity: Modernity as single, multiple and alternative.

Western modernity (modernities?) and its civilizational and religious moorings; The

appropriateness of Western modernity (modernities?) to India and other societies.

Nationalism: Introduction: Philosophical reflection on this issue revolves around the following

questions: What do we understand when societies describe themselves as nations or

nationalities? What is the link between nation, belief­systems, culture and identity? Is

nationalism desirable? How can communities that are deeply diverse coexist and reproduce

themselves as nations in the longer run? What is the relation between anti­colonial

struggles and the constitution of national identity? Can multi­nationalism and a single

polity ensure political stability?

a. Conception of Nationhood: Characteristics of a nation; Nationalism as ascriptive,

imaginary, derivative and indigenous; equal rights as the basis of nationalism; relation

between identity, community, castes and class to nationality; relation between culture and

nationalism; nationalism as intolerant and parochial; relation between nationalism and

swaraj; relation between nationalism and universalism ; relationship between anti­colonial

movement and nationalism?

b.Nationalism and Pluralism: Scope of dissent and protest under nationalism;

nationalism and cultural diversity; rights of minority nationalities; nationalism,

federalism and pluralism

c.Nationalism and Religion: Religion as the basis of nationalism; conceptions of

Hindutva and Nizam­e­Mustafa and their inappropriateness as the basis of nationalism;

relation between Church, Ummah and Qaum to Hindutva on one hand and nationalism on

the other.

d.Nationalism and majoritarianism: Relationship between nationalism and

majoritarianism; rights of minorities that are not minority nationalities; Equal rights and

cultural difference

Secularism: Introduction: A large number of questions that secular thought in India has posed involve

its relationship to religion: Is it better for political societies to be consolidated by

marginalizing religious identities, remaining neutral or by ensuring a positive role to them?

How to resolve conflicts between religious identities? But there have been other questions

too: Is there a single, universally applicable model of secularism or are there plural versions

of the same? If there are plural versions what are the characteristic features of a secular

polity?

a. Conception of secularism: Diversity and common charter of rights, law and

obligations; Different conceptions of secularism; secularism as a derivative value;

secularism as single or multiple.

b. Secularism, Religion and the Public Domain: Relationship between secularism and

religion; religion and secular authority; secularism as an end in itself; secularism versus

communalism; dialogue between religions or secularism.

c. Secularism and State: Secularism as the basis of state and civil society; Problems of

implementation; ideological apparatuses and pursuit of secularism.

d.Secularism, Culture and Community: Relationship of secularism to cultures and

communities; protection to Cultural Communities; uniform laws and uniform personal

laws.

Relationship between modernity, nationalism and secularism

Readings:

*Essential

Supplementary

On Modernity

*Alam, Javeed, India: Living with Modernity, Delhi, OUP, 1999

*Gandhi M.K., Hindu Swaraj and other Writings, Anthony J.Parel, ed., Cambridge,

Cambridge University Press, 1997

Chakrabarthy Dipesh, Habitations of Modernity, Essays in the Wake of Subaltern Studies,

Delhi, Permanent Black, 2002

________ Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference,,

Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000

*Eisenstadt S.N., “Multiple Modernities”, Daedalus, 129, No.1 (2000), 1­29

*Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar, “On Alternative Modernities” in Public Culture, 11 (1): pp

1­18, 1999

Geetha V. and S.V.Rajadurai, Towards a Non­Brahmin Millennium, Calcutta, Samya, 1999

Giddens Anthony, The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge, Polity, 1999

Habermas Jurgen, The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Cambridge, Polity Press,

1994

*Kaviraj Sudpta, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the

Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Delhi, OUP, 1995

­­­­­­­­­­­­ “Religion, Politics and Modernity” In Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds.,

Crisis and Change in Contemporary India, New Delhi, Sage, 1995

Malik Hafeez, Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan,

New York, Columbia University Press, 1963

*Nandy Ashis, At the Edge of Psychology: Essays in Politics and Culture, Delhi, OUP,

1980

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­,ed., Traditions, Tyranny and Utopias, Delhi, OUP, 1987

*Pantham Thomas, “Gandhi, Nehru and Modernity” in Upendra Baxi and Bhikku Parekh,

eds., Crisis and change in Cointemporary India, New Delhi, Sage, 1995

*Parekh Bhikhu, Rethinking Multiculturalism, Cultural Diversity and Political Theory,

New York, Palgrave, 2000

­­­­­­­­­­­­­Colonilism,Tradition and Reform, Delhi, Sage, 1989

Prakash Gyan, Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of modern India, Princeton,

NJ., Princeton University Press, 1999

*Raychauduri, Tapan, Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in Nineteenth

Century Bengal, Delhi, OUP, 1988

Rudolp Lloyd I and Susanne H, The Modernity of Tradition: political Development in

India, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1967.

Taylor, Sources of the Self, Cambridge, harvard University press, 1989.

*­­­­­­­­­­­­ “Two theories of Modernity” in Public Culture 11(1): pp. 153­174, 1999.

­­­­­­­­­­­­ “Modern social Imaginaries” in Public Culture 14(1), 91­124, 2002

Viswanathan Gauri, Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity and Belief, New Delhi,

OUP, 2001.

*Wittrock, Bjorn, “Modernity; One, None or Any? European Origins and modernity as a

Global Condition”, Daedalus, Winter, 2002.

Nationalism:

Aloysius G., Nationalism Without a nation, Delhi, OUP, 1997

Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and spread of

Nationalism, London, Verso, 1983

*Ambedkar, B.R., Pakistan or The Partition of India, Bombay, Thacker &Co., 1946 (Third

Edition)

Ananthamurthy, U.R. “Towards the Concept of New Nationhood: Languages and

Literatures in India, in Peter Ronald De Souza, Contemporary India Transitions, New

Delhi, Sage, 2000

*Appadorai A., Documents on Political Thought in Modern India, Vol. 1 & 2, Bombay,

OUP, 1973, pp. 475­540

*Arooram K.Nambi, Tamil Renaissance and Dravidian Nationalism 1905­44, Madurai,

Koodal Publishers, 1980

Bhabha Homi, ed., Nation and Narration, London, Routledge, 1990

Canovan, M. Nationhood and Political Theory, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 1996

*Chakrabarty Dipesh, “Modernity and ethnicity in India: A History for the Present”, EPW,

30 Dec., 1995 3373­80

*Chatterjee Partha, The Nation and its Fragments, New delhi, Oxford, 1993

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse,

London Zed Books, 1986

*­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­“Beyond the Nation? Or Within?, EPW, Vol. 32, Jan 4­11, 1997, pp 30­

35

Gellner Ernest, Nations and Nationalism, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1983

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, Nationalism, London, Phoenix, 1998

Gilbert p. The Philosophy of Nationalism, Bouder, Westerview Press, 1998

Golwalkar, M.S., Not Socialism But Hindu Rashtra, 1964

*­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, We or Our nationhood Defined, Nagpur, Bharat Prakashan, 1938

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, Bunch of Thoughts, Bangalore, Jagarna Prakashana

Gupta Dipankar, Culture, Space and Nation State, OUP, New Delhi, 2000

Guru Gopal, “understanding Ambedkar’s Construction of national Movement”, EPW, Jan.

24, 1998

Hall, John, “Nationalism; Classified and Explained”, Daedalus, Summer, 1993

*Hasan Mushirul, ed., Islam and Indian Nationalism: Reflections on Abdul Kalam Azad,

New delhi, manohar, 1992

Hobsbawm, Eric J., Nation and Nationalism since 1780, Cambridge, CUP, 1992

*Iqbal, Muhammad. 1942. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Delhi, New

Taj Office, 1944

Kanungo Pralay, RSS’s Tryst with Politics: From Hedgewar to Sudarshan, Manohar, Delhi,

2002

Kapur Rajiv, Sikh Separatism: The Politics of faith, London, Allen and Unwin, 1986

Kaviraj Sudipta, “On the Structure of nationalist Discourse” in T.V.Satyamurthy, ed., State

and Nation in the Context of Social Change, Delhi, OUP, 1994

Khilnani sunil, The Idea of India, London, Penguin, 1997

*Sheth D.L. and Gurpreet Mahajan, ed., Minority Identities and the Nation State, New

Delhi, Oxford, 1999

Mckim R. and Mcmahan, J., eds., The Morality of Nationalism, Oxford, oxford university

Press, 1994

*Nandy Ashis, The Illegitimacy of Nationalism, Delhi, OUP, 1994

Pandian, “Nation in E.V. Ramaswamy’s Political Discourse”, EPW, 16 October, 1993

*Parekh Bhikhu,“Discourses on national Idnetity”, Political Studies 42(1994) 492­504

*­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, Nehru and the National Philosophy of India, Economic and Political

Weekly, 5­12 Jan., 26, 1:35­48

Said, Edward, Orientalism, London, Vintage, 1978

Sarkar Tanika, ed., Hindu Wife and Hindu Nation: Community, Religion and Cultural

Nationalism, Delhi, Permanent Black, 2000

Sarvepalli Gopal, Nehru and Secularism, Occasional papers, No. 42 (mimeo), New Delhi,

Nehru Memorial Library

*Savarkar V.D., Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? New Delhi, Bhartiya Shitya Sadan, 1989

Sheth D.L., “The Nation­State and Minority Rights”, in D.L.Sheth and Gurpreet, ed.,

Minority Identities and the Nation­State, New Delhi, OUP, 1999

Smith A. National identity, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1991

*Tagore Rabindranath, Nationalism, London, Macmillan, 1937

Talbot, Ian, India and Pakistan, Inventing the Nation, London, Arnold, 2000

Thapar Romila, “Interpretations of Indian History: Colonial, Nationalist, Post­Colonial” in

Peter Ronald de Souza, ed., op.cit.

Van der Veer, Peter, “Hindu Nationalism and the Discourse of modernity: The Vishwa

Hindu Parishad” In Martin E.Marty and R.Scott Appleby, eds., Accounting for

Fundamentalisms: The Dynamic Character of Movments Chicago: University of Chicago

Press, 1994

On Secularism

*al­Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib, Islam, Secularism and the Philosophy of the Future,

London, Mansell, 1985.

Attar Singh, Secularism and the Sikh Faith, Amritsar, GuruNanak University, 1973.

Ahamd Mumtaz, “Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia: The Jamaat­i­Islami and the

Tabhlighi­Jamaat” in Martin E. Marty and R.Scott Appleby, ed. Fundamentalisms

Observed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Azad, Abdul Kalam, India Wins Freedom, Bombay, orient Longman, 1959.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, The Tarjuman al­Quran., Ed. &Trans., Syed Abdul Latif, Bombay,

Asia Publishing House, 1962.

Baxi, Upendra, “Secularism: Real or Pseudo”, In M.M. Sankhder, ed., Secularism in India,

New Delhi, Deep and Deep, 1992.

Beteille, Andre, “Secularism and the Intellectuals”, Economic and Political Weekly 29,

10:559­66.

*Bhargava Rajeev ed., Secularism and its Critics, New Delhi, Oxford, 1998.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­“Should we abandon the Majority­Minority Framework” in D.L.Sheth and

Gurpreet Mahajan, eds., op.cit.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­“India’s Secular Constitution” in Zoya Hasan et al, ed., India’s living

Constitution, New Delhi, Permanent Black, 2002.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­“ Liberal, Secular Democracy and Explanations of Hindu Nationalism”,

Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol. 40, Nov. 2002, No. 3, Special issue on

Decentering the Indian Nation, eds., Andrew Wyatt and John Zavos, Frank Crass Journal,

London, 72­95.

Bharucha Rustom, In the Name of the Secular: Contemporary Cultural Activism in India,

New Delhi, OUP, 1998.

Bhattacharjee A.M. Muslim law and the Constitution, Calcutta and Delhi, Eastern Law

House, 1994.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­. Hindu law and the Constitution, Calcutta and Delhi, Eastern Law House,

1994.

*Bilgrami Akeel, “Secular Liberalism and the Moral Psychology of Identity”, In Rajeev

Bhargava, A.K.Bagchi and R.Sudarshan, ed.Multiculturalism, Liberalism and Democracy,

New Delhi, OUP, 1999, pp. 164­211.

*­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Secularism, nationalism and Modernity, in Rajeev Bhargava, ed.,

Secularism and Its critics, New delhi, OUP, 1998.

Chatterjee Partha, Secularism and Toleration, Economic and Political Weekly 29, 28: 1768­

77.

Coomaraswamy, Ananda, Spiritual Authority and Temporal Power in the Indian Theory of

Government, New Delhi,: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1978(Reprint).

Constituent Assembly Debates, Vo. 7 and Vol. 8, New Delhi, Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1948­

49.

*Jha Shefali, “Secularism in the Constituent Assembly debates 1946­1950” EPW, July

2002, pp. 3175­3180.

Keddie, N.R., “Secularism and Its Discontents”, Daedalus, Summer, 2003.

Keshavan Mukul, The Secular Commonsense, New Delhi, Penguin, 2001.

Kim Sebastian C.H., In Search of Identity: Debates on Religious Conversions in India,

New Delhi, OUP, 2003.

Kymlicka, W., Liberalism, Community and Culture, Oxford, Clarendon, 1989.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Citizenship,

Oxford, OUP, 2001.

Kumkum Sangari, “Politics of Diversity: Religious Communities and Multiple

Patriarchies”, EPW, Vol.30, No.51 pp 3287­310.

Luthera, V.P. The Concept of the Secular State and India. Calcutta, Oxford University

press, 1964.

Madan T.N., “Secularism in Its place” The Journal of Asian Studies, 46,4: 747­59.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ “Whither Secularism in India?” Modern Asian Studies, 27,3: 667­97.

*­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Modern Myths, Locked Minds, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1998.

*Mahahjan Gurpreet, Identities and Rights: Aspects of Liberal Democracy in India, New

Delhi, Oxford, 1998.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, The Multicultural Path: Issues of Diversity and Discrimination in a

Democracy, Sage, Delhi, 2002.

Martin David, A General Theory of Secularization, Oxford Basil Blackwell, 1978.

Menon Nivedita, “Women and Citizenship” in Partha Chatterjee, ed., Wages of Freedom,

New Delhi, OUP, 1998, pp. 241­266.

Mitra, Subrata K. and Alexander Fischer, “ Sacred laws and the secular state: An

Analytical Narrative of the Contraversy over Personal Laws in India” in India Review, Vol.

1, No.3, July 2002, pp. 99­130.

*Mushir­ul­Haq, Islam in Secular India, Simla, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1972.

Nandy Ashish, An Anti­secularist Manifesto, Seminar 314(October): 1­12.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, “The Politics of Secularism and the recovery of Religious Tolerance”,

Alternatives 13, 2: 177­94.

*Sarkar Sumit, An Exploration of the Ramakrishna Vivekananda Tradition, Shimla, Indian

Institute of Advanced Study, 1993.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, “Indian nationalism and the Politics of Hindutva”, in Ludden D., ed.,

Contesting the Nation: Religion, Community and the Politics of Democracy in India,

Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

*Smith Donald Eugene, India as a Secular State, Bombay, Oxford University Press, 1963.

Nehru, Jawaharlal, The Discovery of India, Bombay, Asia publishing, 1961.

Pandey Gyanendra, The Construction of communalism in Colonial North India, Delhi,

Oxford University Press, 1990.

Pantham Thomas, “Indian Secularism and its Critics: Some reflections” The Review of

politics, Summer 1997, Vo.59, No.3.

Rawls J., Political Liberalism, New York, Columbia University Press,1993.

Rodrigues, Valerian, Making a Tradition Critical: Ambedkar’s Reading of Buddhism, in

Peter Robb, ed., Dalit and Labour movements in India, New Delhi, OUP, 1994.

Sen Amartya, ‘The Threats to Secular India’, The New York Review of Books, 8 April 1993.

*Sharma, Arvind, ed., Hinduism and Secularism: After Ayodhya, New York, Palgrave,

2001.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ “Secularism and Its Discontents” in Kaushik Basu and sanjay Subramanyan,

ed., Unravelling the Nation: Sectarian Conflict and India’s Secular Identity, New Delhi,

Penguin, 1996.

*Taylor Charles, “Modes of Secularism” in Rajiv Bhargava, ed., Secularism and its Critics,

Delhi, OUP, 1998.

Walzer M., Spheres of Justice: A Defence of Pluralism and Equality, New York, Basic

Books, 1983.

Ahmed Aijaz, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literature, London, Verso, 1992.

Appadurai Arjun, Modernity at Large: Cutural Dimensions of Golobalization,

Menneapolis: University of Minnestova Press, 1996.

Chakrabarthi Prafulla K., The marginal men, Calcutta, Lumiere, 1990.

Chakrabarthy Dipesh, Rethinking Working Class History: Bengal, 1890­1940, Princeton,

N.J., Princeton University Press, 1989.

Gaonkar Dilip Parameshwar, “On Alternative Modernities”, Public Culture 11, No. 1,

1999.

Menon, Ritu and Kamla Bhasin, Borders and Boundaries: Women in India’s Partition,

New Delhi, Kali for Women, New Brunwick, N.J. Rutgers University, 1998.

Prakash, Gyan. Another Reason: Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Princeton

N.J., Princeton University Press, 1999.

PO540: Classical Political Philosophy

Credits 4

Course Teachers: Professor Valerian Rodrigues/ Dr Shefali Jha/ Dr Rinku Lamba

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

The tradition of systematic exploration of Political ideas and beginnings of political

philosophy is often traced to the Greek philosophers. Conceptions of good life and the best

ways of living together as a community were discussed and debated very extensively in

ancient Greece and Rome. The course will engage with some of these issues through the

writings of representative political philosophers of this period. Although the course will

read these political philosophers of classical antiquity it will do so with a view to stressing

their relevance to modern political analysis and action

1) Methodological Issues

Why should we study the classics?

How should we read the classical texts?

2) Intellectual traditions in 5 and 4 th B.C Athens

3) Socrates

The Man and the Philosopher

The idea of ‘unexamined life’ and Socratic Method

Law, community and political obligation

4) Plato

Critique of Parmenides, Heraclitus and the Sophists

Nature and the human self

Reason, reflection and the Theory of Knowledge

The ideal State: Why the rule of reason

What is justice?

From the Philosopher king to the Statesman

The notion of dialectics

Understanding of Law and the assessment of democracy

4) Aristotle

Critique of Plato

The centrality of the Political

Practical wisdom and action

Nature and natural order

Good man and a good citizen

Assessment of democracy

Notion of justice

5) Beyond the Greek City State

Cicero and the Stoics

Required Readings

Primary Texts

Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, Books II, Sections 1­9, III, Sections 1­5, V, 1­11, and VI,

Sections 1­3.

Aristotle, The Politics.

Plato, Selections from Apology, Phaedo, Crito, Statesman.

Plato, The Republic.

Secondary Readings

* Guthrie W.K.C., The Greek Philosophers from Thales to Aristotle, Methuen, London,

I950.

* Kraut R. & S. Skultety, eds., Aristotle’s Politics – Critical Essays, Rowman and

Littlefield, Lanham, Md., 2005.

* Mulgan R.G., Aristotle’s Political Theory, Oxford, 1977.

* Nussbaum M.C., The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics,

Princeton University Press, 1994, ch. 2.

* Nussbaum Martha, “Duties of Justice and Duties of Material Aid: Cicero’s Problematic

Legacy”, The Journal of Political Philosophy, 8/2, 2000.

* Skinner Quentin, Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas, History and

Theory, 8, 1969.

Ackrill J.L., Aristotle the Philosopher, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1981.

Barker E., Greek Political Theory: Plato and his predecessors, 2nd ed., Methuen, London,

1925.

Kraut R., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Klosko G., The Development of Plato's Political Theory, Methuen, London, 1986.

* Annas J., An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Oxford, 1981.

* Rowe,C., Reading the 'Statesman', Sankt Augustin, Academia Verlag,1995.

Brisson L., Plato's Laws: From Theory into Practice, Sankt Augustin, 1997, 2003.

Barnes J., The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 1995.

Finley M.I., Politics in the Ancient World, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.

Keyt D. & F.D. Miller, A Companion to Aristotle’s Politics, Oxford, 1981.

Kraut R., Aristotle – Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002.

Roberts J.L., Athens on Trial – The Antidemocratic Tradition in Western Thought,

Princeton University Press, Princeton,1994.

Rorty A.O., Essays on Aristotle’s Ethics, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980.

Sabine G., A History of Political Thought, London, 1937, 1951.

Stockton D., The Classical Athenian Democracy, Oxford University Press, 1990.

Thorley J., Athenian Democracy, Routledge, London and New York, 2004.

Tully J., ed., Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics, Princeton University

Press, Princeton,1988.

Wood Neal, Cicero’s Social and Political Thought, University of California Press,

Berkeley, 1988.

* indicates essential reading

PO541: Early Modern Political Thought

Credits 4

Course Teachers: Professor Vidhu Verma/ Dr Amir Ali/ Dr Rinku Lamba

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

Many of our important political ideas, like the idea of consent as the basis of the modern

state, the idea of individual rights, or the conception of political authority as sovereign over

all other sources of authority in a society, emerged in the writings of European political

thinkers of the 15th to 18th centuries. Designed to discuss the original formulations of these

ideas in early modern political thought, this course looks at the legacy of these thinkers, in

terms of, for instance, how the concept of participation is often contrasted with the ideas of

authorization and representation as the legitimizing principle of political society.

1) Renaissance Political Thought

Machiavelli

2) The Social Contract Tradition

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

Jean Jacques Rousseau

3) Contemporary Appropriations and Critiques

Liberal, Republican, Communitarian and Feminist responses to the Social Contract

Primary Texts:

Machiavelli, Prince

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­, The Discourses

Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

John Locke, Two Treatises on Government

J.J. Rousseou, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

J.J. Rousseou, The Social Contract

Required Readings:

* Ashcraft R., Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, Allen & Unwin, London, Boston,

1987.

* Berlin I., The Originality of Machiavelli”, in The Proper Study of Mankind, Pimlico,

London, 1998.

* Boucher D. & P. Kelly (eds.), The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls, Routledge,

London, 1994.

* Hampton J., Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 1986.

* Macpherson C.B., The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism, Oxford University

Press, Oxford, 1962.

* Pateman C., The Sexual Contract, Polity Press, Cambridge and Stanford University Press,

1988.

* Shaver R., Hobbes, Ashgate, Aldershot, 1999.

* Shklar Judith N., Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau’s Social Theory, Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, 1969.

* Skinner Q., Foundations of Modern Political Thought, Vol. I, Cambridge University

Press: Cambridge 1978, 1998.

* Strong Tracy B., J.J.Rousseau: The Politics of the Ordinary, Rowman and Littlefield,

Lanham, MD, 1994.

* Tully J., An Approach to Political Philosophy: Locke in contexts, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1993.

Bell Daniel, Communitarianism and its Critics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.

Bock G., Machiavelli and Republicanism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.

Burckhardt J., The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, George Allen & Unwin, 1951,

1990.

Colletti L., From Rousseau to Lenin,Monthly Review Press, New York, 1974.

Dunn J. & I. Harris eds., Machiavelli, Vol. II, Routledge, London, 1998.

Dunn J., The Political Thought of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

1969.

Kavka G., Hobbesian Moral and Political Theory, Princeton University Press, New Jersey,

1986.

Lange Lynda, “Rousseau and Feminism”, Social Theory and Practice, (12) 1981.

Marshall J., John Locke – Resistance, Religion and Responsibility, Cambridge University

Press, New York, 1994.

Miller James, Rousseau: Dreamer of Democracy, Yale University Press, New Haven,

1984.

Pateman C. & C. Mills, Contract and Domination, Polity Press, Malden, MA, 2007.

Pettit P., Republicanism, Oxford University Press, 1996.

Coole D.H., Women in Political Theory, Wheatsheaf Books, Sussex, 1988.

Sabine G.H., A History of Political Theory, 4th ed., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New

Delhi, 1973.

Riley Patrick, Will and Political Legitimacy, Harvard University Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts, 1982.

Pocock J.G.A., The Machiavellian Moment, Princeton, 1975.

* Springborg P., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes’ Leviathan, Cambridge

University Press, 2007.

Skinner Q., Visions of Politics III, Hobbes and Civil Science, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, 2002.

Tully J., A Discourse on Property: John Locke and his Adversaries, Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, 1980.

PO542: Political Philosophy of Kant and Hegel

Credits 4

Course Teachers: Professor Gurpreet Mahajan & Dr Shefali Jha

Mode of assessment: 2 Mid­term assignments: 2

End Term examination: 2

The course is conceived as a study in the History of Ideas. It focuses on the political

philosophy of Kant and Hegel, each of whom respond to the romanticist challenge to the

Enlightenment in very different ways. Although their ideas are sometimes placed together

under the category of German Idealism they approach issues of politics, individual­state

relationship, law and rights quite differently. The writings of Kant remain a point of

inspiration to contemporary liberals while Hegel offers a systematic critique of the

philosophical foundations of liberalism, and has been subsequently appropriated by the

conservatives and the Marxists.

The course will try to draw out the nature and implications of these two fairly different

theoretical and philosophical frameworks for the study of politics and political institutions

through a reading of the original writings of these thinkers.

1. Age of Enlightenment

2. German responses to the Enlightenment

a) Sturm und Drang

b) Herder’s Historicism

c) Romanticism

3. Immanuel Kant

a) Critique of empiricism

b) Refutation of ethical hedonism

c) Individual and the moral law

d) The idea of autonomy, dignity and freedom

e) Discussion of punishment

f) Nation among other nations­ concerns of peace

g) Later appropriations of Kant: two schools of neo­Kantians

4. G.W.F. Hegel

a) Critique of liberalism and Kantian morality

b) The idea of ethical life

c) Family, civil society and state

d) Universal reason, freedom and the state

e) Religion, art and philosophy

f) Master­slave dialectic and the question of recognition

g) Beyond historicism

h) Critiques and interpretations of Hegel

Reading List

i. Primary Texts

*Immanuel Kant, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals

______________, Critique of Practical Reason

______________, Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Essay

*G.W.F Hegel, Philosophy of Right

____________, Lectures on World History

____________, Phenomenology of Mind

ii. Supplementary Readings

* Cassirer Ernst, Rousseau, Kant and Goethe, Harper and Row, NY, 1963.

* Marcuse Herbert, Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, RKP,

London, 1954.

* Roy Pascal, The German Sturm Und Drang, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester 1953.

* Smith Steven B., Hegel's Critique of Liberalism: Rights in Context, University of

Chicago Press, Chicago, 1989.

* Taylor Charles, Hegel, CUP, Cambridge 1975.

*Pelczynski, Hegel’s Political Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, London 1971.

Acton H.B., Kant’s Moral Philosophy, St. Martin's Press, N.Y, 1970.

Avineri S., Hegel’s Theory of the Modern State, Cambridge University Press, NY 1968.

Findlay J.N., Hegel: A Re­examination, Oxford University Press, NY, 1958.

Gay Peter, The Age of Enlightenment, Time Inc. 1966.

Goethe J.W, The Sorrows of Young Werther, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

1989.

Goldmann Lucien, Immanuel Kant, NLB, 1971.

Hardiman Michael, Hegel’s Social Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991.

Kojève Alexandre, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology

of Spirit, Cornell University Press, 1980.

Plant Raymond, Hegel, Indiana University Press, 1973.

Reill Peter Hans, The Rise of German Historicism, University of California Press,

Berkeley, California, 1975.

Werner Friedrich, The History of German Literature, Barnes and Noble, NY, 1965.

Williams R.R., Recognition: Fichte and Hegel on the Other, State Univ. of New York, NY,

1992.

Other M.A. Optional Courses

Course No. Course Title

PO 506 N Texts in Political Philosophy

PO 508 N Contemporary Marxist Theory

PO 509 N Techniques of Social Research

PO 510 Marxist Approaches To Social Revolution

PO 513 Liberal Theory

PO 514 Comparative Federalism

PO 515 Bureaucracy and Development

PO 516 Political Parties in India

PO 520 Local Government and Politics in India

PO 521 Development. Administration and Planning in India

PO 523 Election And Political Process in India

PO 524 Ideas & Issues in Public Administration

PO 525 Political Economy of Development

PO 526 Comparative Group Relations

PO 527 Theories of Social Stratification

PO 528 Key Concepts in contemporary Liberal Theory

PO 529 Socialist Theory

M.Phil. Courses Compulsory Courses

PO: 601 Philosophy and Method in Social Science

Credits 4

Scheme of Evaluation: The students will be required to do series of short assignments (4­5)

linked with section II in addition to one short assignment for section I. This will be

followed by a written submission/examination at the end of the course. Since the course in

intended to prepare students in doing empirical research greater weightage will be given to

seminar assignments.

Students should ensure that all assignments are submitted on time (as per the schedule

specified in class). The classes for this course will be interactive and the assessment will be

continuous.

The Course seeks to introduce students to some key issues in the philosophy of social

sciences while preparing them to undertake independent empirical research in social

science.

Section­I

Philosophy of social Sciences

1. Idea of Social Sciences

2. Notion of science and claims of scientificity in Social Science

3. Laws, Causality, Objectivity, Values

Section­II

Empirical Research Methods and Techniques

1. Identifying Research Problem

2. Formulation of Research Questions

3. Research Design

4. Operationalizing Concepts

5. Quantitative Method:

i) Sampling Techniques

ii) Data Collection­Questionnaire & Interviews

iii) Interpreting Data

iv) Basic Statistics: Central Tendency, Sampling Error, Standard Error, Testing

Hypothesis

6. Qualitative Method:

i) Content Analysis

ii) Ethnography: Observational Method, Participant Observer

Reading List

v Achinstein, Peter, The nature of Explanation

v Bleicher, Josef, Contemporary Hermeneutic

v Brodbeck, May, (ed.), Readings in the Philosophy o Science

v Brown, S., J. Fauvel and R.Finnegan (eds.), Conceptions of Inquiry

v Davidson, Donald, “Symposium: Action, Reasons and Causes”, Journal of

Philosophy Vol.LK, No. 23, 1963.

v ………………… “Symposium: Causal Relations”, Journal of Philosophy, vol.

LXIV, no. 21, 1967

v Hook, Sydney (ed.), Philosophy and History (essays by W.H.Dray, Carl Hempel,

Bruce)

v Gardiner, Patrick (ed.), Theories of History

v Hindess, Barry, Philosophy and Methodology in the Social Sciences

v Jorgensen Joergen, The Development of Logical Empiricism

v Kuhn, T., Structure of Scientific explanation

v Lakatos and Musgrave (ed.), Criticism and growth of knowledge

v Nidditch (ed.), Philosophy of Science

v Popper, Karl the logic of Scientific Discovery

v Rabinow, P & W.H. Sullivan, Interpretive Social Science

v Ricoeur, Paul, Hemeneutics and the Human Sciences

v Rorty, R., (three articles in) London review of Books, 1986, April 17, May 8, July

24

v Ryan Alan (ed.), The Philosophy of Social explanation

v Sosa, E. (ed.), Causation and Conditionals

v Stegmuller, Walter­Main Currents in contemporary German, British and American

Thought

v Weber, Max, Methodology of the Social Sciences

v Taylor, Charles, “Interpretation and the Sciences of Man”, Review of Metaphysics,

25/1, 1971

v Triggs, Roger., Understanding Social Science

v King, Keonhane & Verba, Designing Social Inquiry

v Selltiz, Jahoda, Deutsche & Coote (ed.), Research Methods in Social Relations

v Simon J.L., Basic Research Methods

v Bateson N., Data construction in Social Survery

v Wonnacott & Wonnacott, Basic Statistics

PO 602: Approaches, Concepts and Methods of Political Analysis

Credits 4

Scheme of Evaluation: mid­term assignments and end­term submission

Any engagement with social and political reality involves the use of concepts. Concepts

mediate our understanding and representation of that reality but at the same time concepts

get rearticulated in the process of this interaction with the external reality. This interaction

with social reality is however informed by a theoretical paradigm. The meaning of concepts

has therefore to be understood in relation to the theoretical framework in which they are

placed. What the concept denotes often changes, or is nuanced and modified, as we move

from one theoretical framework to another. This course is intended to introduce young

researchers to this dialectical play between concepts, theoretical approaches and political

analysis. The readings on each of the chosen concepts have been structured to reflect the

different ways in which concepts get redefined and restructured across different theoretical

frameworks. The engagement with a concept is thus conceived as an engagement with the

larger theoretical framework and approach to the study of political reality.

The students are expected to write their assignments keeping in mind this orientation.

Concepts

1.Nationalism

2. State

3.Power & Authority

4.Democracy

5.Cosmopolitanism

6.Citizenship

Reading List

Nationalism

Alasdair MacIntyre, ‘Is Patriotism a Virtue,’ in Derek Matravers and John Pike (eds).

Debates in Contemporary Philosophy: An Anthology, Routledge, 2003.

Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of

Nationalism, Verso, 1983

Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth and Reality,

1990.

Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.), Mapping the Nation, Verso, 1996.

Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories,

OUP, 1993.

Peter Spencer and Howard Wollman (eds.) Nations and Nationalism: A Reader, Edinburgh

University Press, 2005.

Roger Scruton, ‘In Defence of the Nation,’ in Derek Matravers and John Pike (eds.)

Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology, Routledge, 2003.

Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the

New Europe. 1996.

Stuart Hall (ed.) The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism,

Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Yael Tamir, Liberal Nationalism, 1993.

State

Hamza Alavi, ‘The State in Post colonial societies’, New Left Review, 74, July/August

1972.

Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Progress Publishers, 1977.

Mahmood Mamdani Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of

Colonialism, 1996.

Nicos Poulantzas ‘The Problem of the Capitalist State’, in Robin Blackburn (ed.) Ideology

in Social Science.

Nicos Poulantzas State, Power, Socialism, London, 1980.

Nicos Poulantzas, Political Power and Social Classes, London, 1973.

Peter B. Evans and Theda Skocpol, Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge,

MA:Cambridge University Press, 1985).

Ralph Miliband, ‘The Capitalist State – Reply to Poulantzas’, in Robin Blackburn (ed.)

Ideology in Social Science, London , 1972.

Ralph Miliband, The State in Capitalist Society, London, 1969.

V.I. Lenin, State and Revolution.

Power and authority

(Foucault and Habermas on Power)

Bent Flyvbjerg, ‘Habermas and Foucault: Thinkers for Civil Society?’ British Journal of

Sociology, vol. 49, no.2, June 1998, pp. 208­233.

Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom. Chapters 3 and 4.

Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish

Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge

P. Bachrach and M. Baratz. The Two Faces of Power. 1962

Steven Lukes, Power: A Radical View. Macmillan, London

Cosmopolitanism

Bruce Ackerman, “Rooted Competition”, Ethics, 1994, 104/3.

Charles Beitz, “Cosmopolitan Ideals and National Sentiment”, The Journal of Philosophy,

1983, 8/10.

Daniel Archibugi, “Cosmopolitan Democracy”, 2000, NLR, 4.

Martha Nussbaum, “Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism”, Boston review, 1994, 195.

Pratap Mehta, “Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason”, Political Theory,2000, 28/5 .

Steven Vertovec and R. Cohen, (eds.), Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and

Practice.

Democracy

Amy Gutman and D. Thompson, Deliberative Democracy.

April Carter & Geoffrey Stokes, Democractic Theory Today: Challenges for the 21 st

century.

Benjamin Barber, Strong Democracy.

David Held, Models of Democracy.

Habermas, Between Facts and Norms.

John Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy and Beyond.

Paul Hirst, Associative Democracy.

Robert Dahl, Democracy and its Critics.

Stephen Macedo (ed.) Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement.

Citizenship

Bryan S. Turner, Citizenship: Critical Concepts.

Kymilcka and Norman, Citizenship in Diverse Societies.

Mckinnon and Monk, Demands of Citizenship.

Ronald Beiner, Theorizing Citizenship.

Optional Courses: PO 604: FEDERAL POLITY IN INDIA

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Balveer Arora

Scheme of Evaluation:

A 50% for two sessional submissions

(a) Text Review

(b) Seminar presentation

B. 50% for a research paper, comprising content analysis of primary source documents

on a specific topic, within a broad overarching theme, to be submitted at the end of

the semester.

For the Monsoon Semester 2009­10, the overarching theme for research papers is:

‘Centre­State Relations under Economic Liberalisation and Federal Coalitions’.

Course Outline

I. Origins and Development (1949 –1989)

1. Devolution, Integration and the Federal Bargain: Origins of the Federal System.

Colonial Legacies. Contextual Perspectives 1935—1949

2. Refoundation of the Indian State, Restructuring of the Indian Union: Federal

Democracy and the Reorganisation of States. The Official Language Debate and the

organisation of Diversity and Unity (1949­1966)

3. Landmarks and Issues in the Development of Centre ­­ State Relations (1967 ­­

1975 ­­ 1984). Tensions under single­party dominance and legacies of unresolved

issues. The Eighties as a transitional decade.

4. Pluralism, Identities and National Integration: Minority Rights in a Federal

Democracy. The Assertion of State Identities and the Sarkaria Remedies. The

proliferation of State Parties

II. Institutions and Processes (1989 — 2009)

1. Federalisation of the Party System: Polity­Wide and State­Based Parties.

Government­Opposition relations in a dual polity. Intergovernmental Interaction

under Federal Coalitions.

2. Executive Federalism: Policy making in Federal Coalitions. Administrative

Integration and Reform.

3. Inter­State Disputes and Centre­State Tensions: Inter­State Council and

Intergovernmental ministerial and official coordination forums. Conciliation and

Arbitration Mechanisms.

4. Judicial Interpretations of the Federal Constitution: Judicial pronouncements on

Federalism and Judicial Interventions in federal processes.

III.Federating Differently: Experiments and Innovations

1. Recognising Differences: Special Status and Asymmetrical Federalism. Assessing

the experiments in Kashmir, Nagaland, Mizoram, Sikkim, and other Northeastern

States.

2. Accommodating Identities: Sub­State Autonomy demands. Gorkhaland and

Bodoland Autonomous Districts and Regions: Possibilities and Limits. Creation of

New States. Processes of Identity Assertion and Recognition.

3. Empowering Panchayats: Multilevel Federalism and Panchayats as the Third Tier

of the Federal System. Problems, Issues, Obstacles.

IV. Continuity and Change in Federal Reform, from Sarkaria to Punnchi

Commissions.

1. Internal Security: Central Intervention and States’ Autonomy: Harmony and

Friction in Centre­State Relations. Terrorism, Insurgency and Communal peace.

2. Coordination and Cooperation in the Social Sector: Education, Health, Food

Security and Employment: Central initiatives and states’ delivery. The federal

dimension of inclusive growth.

3. States’ Interests, Rights & and Responsibilities: Protecting States’ interests in

federal coalitions. Linkages between foreign and domestic policies.

4. Economic Liberalisation and Globalisation: New tension areas in a growing

economy. Land Acquisition, resettlement and rehabilitation issues. Agriculture, food

security and treaty making powers. Federal dimensions of the inclusive growth

strategy. Uneven growth, regional disparities and Fiscal Federalism.

SELECTED READINGS:

• Adeney, Katherine. (2007), Federalism and Ethnic Conflict Resolution in India and

Pakistan.

• Arora, Balveer & Douglas V. Verney Eds. (1995). Multiple Identities in a Single

State: Indian Federalism in Comparative Perspective.

• Arora, Balveer & Beryl Radin Eds. (2000). Changing Role of All­India Services.

• Arora, Balveer (2006). ‘From Reluctant to Robust Federalism’ in Mary E John et al.

eds., Contested Transformations: Changing Economies and Identities in

Contemporary India.

• ­­­­­­­(2003). “Federalisation of India’s Party System” in Ajay Mehra et al Eds.

Political Parties and Party Systems.

• ­­­­­­­(2002). “Political Parties and the Party System: The Emergence of New

Coalitions” in Zoya Hasan, ed., Parties and Party Politics in India.

• ­­­­­­­(2000). “Negotiating Differences” in Francine Frankel et al Eds. Transforming

India

• ­­­­­­­(1999).’Regional Aspirations and National Cohesion’ in S.K.Chaube, S. Kaushik

eds. Indian Democracy at the Turn of the Century.

• ­­­­­­­(1992). “India’s Federal System and the Demands of Pluralism”, Balveer Arora,

J.Chaudhuri, B.Ghoshal, India’s Beleaguered Federalism.

• Austin, Granville. (2000). Working a Democratic Constitution

• Bagchi Amaresh. (2000). ‘Rethinking Federalism’, EPW, 19 August

• Brass, Paul. (1991). Ethnicity and Nationalism.

• Burgess, Michael (2006). Comparative Federalism.

• Chakrabarty, Bidyut ed. (1990). Centre­State Relations in India.

• Copland, Ian and John Rickard eds. (1999) Federalism: India and Australia.

• DeSouza, Peter and Sridharan,E eds. , (2006), India’s Political Parties

• Dua B.D. et al Eds. (2007). Indian Judiciary and Politics, (2003) Indian Federalism in

the New Millennium

• Frankel, Francine et al Eds. (2000). Transforming India,

• Hasan, Zoya ed (2002). Parties and Party Politics in India

• Jha,S.N. & P.C.Mathur eds.(1999). Decentralisation and Local Politics

• Kailash, KK (2004). ‘Coalitions in a Parliamentary Federal System: Parties and

Governments in India 1989­99.’ PhD Thesis, CPS/JNU, unpublished

• Kincaid, John, R. Chattopadhyay (2008).Ed. Interaction in Federal Systems.

• Khan, Rasheeduddin (1992). Federal India & (1994) Bewildered India. (1997)

Rethinking Indian Federalism. (Ed)

• Khanna, DD and Gert Kueck eds (1999). Principles, Power and Politics.

• Kueck, Gert et al eds (1998). Federalism and Decentralisation.

• Lijphart, Arendt,(1996). The Puzzle of Indian Democracy: A Consociational

interpretation’, American Political Science Review, 90(2):258­68

• Majeed, Akhtar Ed. (2004). Federalism in the Union (2005) Federal India

• Manor, James (2001). ‘Centre­State Relations’ in Atul Kohli Ed. The Success of

India’s Democracy

• Mukarji, Nirmal and Balveer Arora Eds. (1992). Federalism in India

• Mukherji, Rahul ed. (2007). India’s Economic Transition.

• Oommen, T.K. (1997). Citizenship, Nationality and Ethnicity

• Rao, M.G. & Nirvikar Singh.(2005). Political Economy of Federalism in India

• Saez,L. (2002). Federalism without a Centre.

• Samaddar,Ranabir. (2005).Ed. The Politics of Autonomy.

• Sarangi, Asha. (2009). ed. Language and Politics in India

• Saxena, Rekha. (2006). Situating Federalism

• Shastri, Sandeep, K.C.Suri, Y. Yadav eds. (2009). Electoral Politics in Indian States.

• Singh, Bhupinder. (2002). Autonomy Movements and Federal India.

• Singh M.P. and Anil Mishra eds. (2004). Coalition Politics in India.

• Sinha, Aseema. (2005).The Regional Roots of Development Politics in India

• Sivaramakrishnan K.C. (2000). Power to the People? (2008) Courts and Panchayats

• Suri, K.C. (2007). Political Parties in South Asia.

• Thakurta, P.G., S.Raghuraman. (2007). Divided We Stand.

• Verney, Douglas. (1995). ‘Federalism, Federative Systems, Federations: US, Canada,

India’, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 25(2).

• Watts, Ronald. (2008). Comparing Federal Systems. 3 rd Edn.

Websites:

www.commcentrestate.nic.in;www.interstatecouncil.nic.in;www.forumfed.org;

PO635: Civil­Military Relations in Contemporary World

The course will take into account experiences of different political contexts i:e. advanced,

developed and developing. Concrete case studies from each of these will have a focus; case

studies would change from year to year in accordance with relative need, typical cases will

be Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Peru and Ghana.

Part­I

1. Approaches: (a) Garrison State thesis

2. Professionalism­interpretations and debate

3. Corporationism

4. Practorianism

5. Models of Analysis (country specific)

Part­II

Issues

1. Social origins of the Armed forces (officer corps.)

2. State formation and Structures.

3. Coalition of elites and Decision Making

4. Military conservatism: traditional, modern and contemporary

5. Armed forces, Violence and Political Process: Internal

6. Violence and Interstate relations: External

PO636: Politics and Ecology: Environmentalism and Political Theory

A. The evolution of environmental discourse.

Is there a green political theory?

Shallow and Deep Ecology: anthropocentric and ecocentric perspectives in the Philosophy

of environmentalism.

Arguments from intrinsic value, welfare and rights.

Ecofeminism; Ecosocialism.

Natural Resource Management and the theory of institutions.

B. Environment and Development.

Industrialism, economic growth and the environment.

Rethinking development indicators: Gross National Product vs. Gross Natural Product.

Political Ecology: Striking a balance between environmental economics and radical

ecology.

The concept of Sustainable Development, and indicators of Sustainable Development.

Development strategy and patterns of natural resource use: forests, water, mines.

Biodiversity and biotechnology: the social costs of natural resource depletion, poverty and

power.

B. Environmental Protest and Community Action.

Caste­studies of environmental protest movements: Silent Valley, Chipko, Narmada.

Case­studies of people's initiatives for sustainable natural resource management: Ralegan

Siddhi, Sukhomajri, Pani Panchayats.

PO637: Dalit Movements in Contemporary India

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Prof Sudha Pai

Scheme of Evaluation: 1 Seminar paper and 1 Term Paper.

Objectives: This Course underlines the significance of the emergence of dalit

consciousness and its implications for contemporary democratic politics. It seeks to

understand the politics of the oppressed sections of society as expressed through a search

for identity and through movements which seek improvement in their socio­economic

status, a share in political power and ultimately destruction of the unequal caste order.

The nature of these movements, their objectives and construction of dalit identity is sought

to be understood through existing frameworks in the first part. Part two analyses the

debates on reform and representation of the dalits and the factors underlying various anti­

caste movements in the colonial period which have significance for the post­independence

period. The final part takes up a few movements, and examines their emergence, ideology

strategies of mobilisation. The similarities/differences among these movements and their

implications for politics in various regions will be highlighted.

I Framework for the Study of Dalit Movements

a) Social Movements – Liberal and Marxist frameworks.

b) “New” Social Movements in the West and in India.

c) Approaches to the study of dalit movements, overview of literature.

d) Changing socio­economic position of dalits, identity and ideology.

II Depressed Castes and anti­caste movements in the colonial period

a) The socio­economic conditions of the depressed castes.

b) The Depressed classes and the colonial government.

c) Gandhi and Ambedkar on social reform and representation for the depressed castes.

d) Anti­caste movements in the colonial period.

III Dalit Movements in Post­Independence India

EMERGENCE, IDEOLOGY AND STRATEGIES OF MOBILIZATION OF MAJOR DALIT

MOVEMENTS:

a) The Republican party of India – UP and Maharashtra

b) The Dalit Panthers

c) The Bahujan Samaj party

d) The Dalit movement in Tamil Nadu

e) The Dalit Sangharsh Samiti in Karnataka

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS CONCERNING DALITS

a) Reservations

b) Caste­based Atrocities

Selected Readings:

Aruralan “The Relevance of Periyar” Radical Review no 2, May, 1990,

Atul C. Pradhan The Emergence of the Depressed Classes Bookland International

Bhubaneshwar. 1986.

B.R. AMBEDKARCOLLECTED WORKS, GOVT OFMAHARASHTRA.

E. Irschick Tamil Revivalism in the 1930s

Eleanor Zelliot From Untouchable to Dalit: Essays on the Ambedkar Movement

Manohar, New Delhi, 1992.

Gail Omvedt Dalits and the Democratic Revolution Dr Ambedkar and the Dalit

Movement

Ghanshyam Shah Social Movements in India A Review of Literature Sage, New Delhi,

2000.

H.Kotani (ed) Caste System Untouchability and the Depressed Manohar, New Delhi,

1997.(See essays on TN)

J.R. Kamble Rise and Awakening of Depressed Classes in India, National publishers,

1979

Jayashree Gokhale “The Dalit Panthers and the Radicalisation of Untouchables” Journal

of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 28(1) March 1979.

Journal of Political Economy XII, nos 3&4, special issue on Schedule Castes in India

July­December: 405­422.

K.L. Sharma Caste, Class and Social Movement, Rawat publications, Jaipur, 1986.

K.R. Hanumanthan Untouchability: A Historical Study Upto 1500 with Special reference

to TN Koodal publishers, Madurai

Kancha Illiah “Productive Labour, Consciousness and History: A Dalit­Bahujan

Alternative” Subaltern Studies, Vol IX, OUP.

M.S.A. Rao Social Movements in India

Mark Jurgensmeyer Religion as Social Vision: The Movement Against Untouchability in

20 th Century Punjab University of California, Berkeley, 1978

Michael Mahar (ed) The Untouchables in Contemporary India University of Arizona

press, 1972.

N.R. Bhattacharya Caste Reservation and Electoral Politics 1919­37 Progressive

publishers, Calcutta, 1992.

Owen Lynch The Politics of Untouchability Columbia University, 1969.

P.E. Mohan SCs: History of TN 1900­55 New Era Publications, Madras, 1993

P.Pimpley & Satish Sharma (eds) Struggle for Status B.R.Publishing Corporation, New

Delhi, 1985.

R.L. Hardgrave The Nadars of Tamilnadu: The Political Culture of a Community in

Change Berkeley, 1969.

R.S. Khare The Untouchable as Himself: Ideology Identity and Pragmatism among the

Lucknow Chamars CUP, 1984.

Rajni Kothari (ed.) Caste in Indian Politics, Orient Longman, Delhi, 1970.

Robert Deliege The World of the Untouchable Paraiyars of TN OUP, 1997

Robin Jeffrey “The Social Origins of a Caste Association 1874­1905: The Founding of

the SNDP Yogam” South Asia 4(1) 1974.

Rosalind O’Hanlon, Caste Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Phule and Low Caste Protest

in the 19 th Century CUP, 1985.

S.K. Gupta The SCs in Modern Indian Politics: Their Emergence as a Political Power

Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1985.

Satish K. Sharma Social Movements and Social Change: A Study of the Arya Samaj and

Untouchables in the PunjabB.R.Publishing Company, Delhi, 1985.

Seminar 1998 (special issue on Dalit) no 471, November.

Sudha Pai & Jagpal Singh, 1997 "Politicisation of Dalits and Most Backward Castes

Study of Social Conflict and Political Preferences in Four Villages of Meerut District"

Economic and Political Weekly XXXII, no 23, June 7: 1358­61.

Sudha Pai, 2000 "New Social and Political Movements of Dalits A Study of Meerut

District" Contributions to Indian Sociology June, no 2, 34: 189­220.

Sudha Pai 2002 Dalit Assertion and the Unfinished Democratic Revolution: the BSP in

Uttar Pradesh, Sage, New Delhi

T.K. OOMMEN PROTEST AND CHANGE STUDIES IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SAGE, NEW

DELHI, 1990.

Uma Ramaswamy “Self­Identity Among SCs: A Study of AP” EPW 23 November 1974.

Upendra Bakshi & Oliver Mendelsohn Rights of the Subordinated Peoples OUP, New

Delhi,1994.

V.Geeta & S.V.Rajdurai Towards a Non­Brahmin Millenium Samya Publications, 1999.

V.T.Rajshekhar Shetty Dalit Movements in Karnataka Christian Literature Society,

Madras. 1988.

“The Temple Entry Movement in Travancore 1860­1940” Social Scientist 4(3) March

1976.

PO 638: Culture, Identity and Politics: Critical Perspectives

Credits 4

Course Teacher: Asha Sarangi

Scheme of Evaluation: 1 Seminar paper and 1 Term Paper.

Course Description and the Content:

The course intends to provide an understanding about culture and identity as critically

constructed social categories along with the complex political dynamics between the two.

The role of politics in negotiating the boundaries of culture and identity will form a

crucial part of the course. The focus on the cultural location of politics and its social

embeddedness will be an important concern of the course. The main thrust of the course

would be to see how the relationship between culture and politics has unfolded the

complex dynamics between the political formation of culture/s and the cultural formation

of the political. This will enable us to re­define the field of power and its nature and

form­ cultural, social and political etc. The course is divided into three sections, which

are interlinked methodologically and conceptually.

1. Culture Concept and Method: In this section, we will engage with three concepts of

culture­ culture as structure, culture as language and culture as praxis. We deal with

readings that interrogate the causal relationship between culture and structure, and see

how specific cultures re/produce specific social structures in terms of their political

manifestation and transformation. Secondly, the intimate and reciprocal bond between

language and culture draws attention to newer ways of looking at the questions of power.

Thirdly, culture as a form of praxis indicates its habitus, which as a signifying practice

can possibly alter the given structural order of the polity and economy of the society.

Required Readings:

Antonio Gramsci, “Language, Linguistics and Folklore” in David Forgacs and G.

Nowell­Smith (ed), Antonio Gramsci: Selections from Cultural Writings (Cambridge

University Press, 1985).

Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures (New York: Basic Books, 1973).

Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (chapter 3: Resistance and Opposition)

Marshall Shalins, Culture and Practical Reason (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

1976).

Nicholas B.Dirks, Geoff Eley and Sherry B.Ortner (ed), Culture/Power and History: A

Reader in Contemporary Social Theory (Princeton University Press, 1994).

Nicholas Dirks, Colonialism and Culture (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,

1992).

Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a Theory of Practice (Cambridge University Press, 1977).

Raphael Samuel and Gareth Stedman Jones (ed), Culture, Ideology and Politics: Essays

for Eric Hobsbawm (New York: Routledge, 1982).

Raymond Williams, Marxism and Culture (London: Chatto and Windus, 1958).

Simon During (ed), The Cultural Studies Reader (London: Routledge, 1993).

Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass

Deception” in The Dialectic of Enlightenment (New York: Harper, 1972) pp 120­67.

2. Identity: Competing Narratives:

In this section, we deal with specific theories of identity, which locate and question

dominant political ideologies and programmes­ imperial/colonial and post/colonial. The

restructuring of politico­economic order of a society affects the cultural formations of

existing identities. It is important to understand the political processes within which the

identity of individuals, communities, states and nation­states is continuously articulated,

contested and consequently leads to the formation of national political communities. Such

an exercise will help us unpack the cumulative bond between communities and nations, and

their multiple constitutive forms within which the nationhood is constantly re­produced and

re­constructed.

Required Readings:

A.Gutmann (ed), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition (Princeton

University Press, 1994).

Asha Sarangi (ed) Language and Politics in India (New Delhi: Oxford University Press,

2009).

Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of

Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983).

Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self (Cambridge University Press, 1989).

Craig Calhoun (ed). Social Theory and the Politics of Identity (Cambridge: Basil

Blackwell, 1994).

E. Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein (ed), Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities.

Eley and Suny (ed), Becoming National: A Reader (New York:OUP, 1996).

Eric Hobsbawm, Identity Politics and the Left” in NLR (1996).

Lash and Scott­Modernity and Identity (Basil Blackwell, 1992).

Patricia Yaeger (ed), The Geography of Identity (Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press,

1996).

Rajchman (ed) The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995).

Richard Fox­ Lions of the Punjab: Culture in the Making (California University Press,

1985).

Richard Jenkins (ed). Social Identity (Routledge, 1996).

Romila Thapar, “ Imagined Religious Communities: Ancient History and the Modern

Search for a Hindu Identity” in Modern Asian Studies, 32, 2, 1989.

3. Politics of Culture and Identity:

The focus in this section will be on unraveling the relationship between culture, identity

and power. How do we understand the role of state in acting upon the identity politics?

It is in this perspective that we deal with the political re/construction of identities, their

representation and political consolidation in public sphere questioning the given political

legitimacy of cultures and identities of both the dominant and the dominated. An

understanding about the political recognition of cultures and identities can help us re­

conceptualize the newer forms of resistance that call into question the existing social and

political order. Thus the intimate bond of politics with culture and identity redefines and

reallocates the domain of power in its varied forms.

Required Readings:

Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson (ed), Culture Power Place: Explorations in Critical

Anthropology (Durham: Duke University Press, 1997).

Ann Stoller, “Rethinking Colonial Categories: European Communities and the

Boundaries of Rule” in Comparative Studies in Society and History, 31 (1) 1989, pp 134­

61.

Ashis Nandy, At the Edge of Psychology: Essays in Politics and Culture

Bharti Ray and David Taylor (ed), Politics and Identity in South Asia (OUP, 2002).

Douglas Haynes and Gyan Prakash (ed), Contesting Power: Resistance and Everyday

Social Relations in South Asia (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).

Edward Said, Culture and Imperialism (London: Vintage Books, 1994).

Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (ed), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge

University Press, 1983).

Fanon Franz, National Cultures

Gayatri Chakravorthy Spivak, In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics

Hardgrove Anne, Community and Public Culture: The Marwaris of Calcutta, 1897­1997.

James C.Scott (ed) Weapons of the Weak: Everyday forms of Resistance (New Haven:

Yale University Press, 1985).

Kakar Sudhir, Culture and Psyche: Selected Essays

Sheyla Benhabib (ed). Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the

Political (Princeton University Press, 1996).

Sumanta Banerjee, The Parlour and the Streets: Elite and Popular Culture in the 19 th

Century India.

Timothy Mitchell, Colonising Egypt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Required Readings:

Amita Bavisakr (ed). Contested Grounds: Essays on Nature, Culture and Power

Arthur G.Rubinoff, The construction of a Political Community

Bauman, Culture as Praxis

Charles Larmore, The Morals of Modernity

Dipesh Chakrabarty, Habitations of Modernity

E.Valentine Daniel­Fluid Signs: Being a Person the Tamil Way (Berkeley, 1984).

Eley and Suny (ed). Becoming National: A reader (New York: OUP, 1996)

G.Balakrishna and Benedict Anderson, Mapping the Nation

Kwame Anthony Appaiah, Is the Post in postmodernism the post in post­colonial? In

critical inquiry, winter 1991.

L.Crothers and Charles Lockart (ed). Culture and Politics: A Reader

Marcus and Fisher­ Anthropology as Cultural Critique

Maryon McDonald, ‘We are not French’: Language, Culture and Identity in Brittany

(London:Routledge, 1989).

Maureen Whitebrook, Identity, Narrative and Politics

Neil Smelser and Jeffery Alexander (ed)­ Diversity and Its Discontents: Cultural Conflict

and Common Ground in Contemporary Society (Princeton University Press, 1999).

Nicholas B.Dirks, Geoff Eley and Sherry B.Ortner (ed). Culture/Power and History: A

Reader in Contemporary Social Theory (Princeton University Press, 1994).

Paul Gilroy, There aren’t No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and

Nation

Paul Wills, Learning to Labor: How Working class kids get working class jobs

(Columbia University Press, 1977).

Peter Robb, Liberalism, Modernity and the Nation

Rajchman (ed). The Identity in Question (Routledge, 1995).

Rustom Bharucha­ The Politics of Cultural Practice

Seyla Benhabib, The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era

Seyla Benhabib, The claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era

Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens

Steven Lukes (ed)­The category of the Person (Cambridge, 1985).

Stuart Hall (ed). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices

(London: Sage Publications, 1997

Stuart Hall and Gay (ed). Cultural Identity (London: Sage, 1996).

Uday Singh Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: India in British Liberal Thought (University

of Chicago Press).

Vinay Lal, Empire of Knowledge: Culture and Plurality in Global Economy

Yuval­Davis, Nira (ed). The Situated Politics of Belonging

Other M.Phil. Optional Courses

Course No. Course Title

PO 603 Government and Politics in India

PO 605 Party System and Political Processes

PO 606 Bureaucracy: Institutional Functions and Changing Role

PO 607 Leadership: Problems of Recruitment and Social Function

PO 608 Modernization: Theories and Models

PO 609 Policy Process: Decision Making and Performance

PO 610 Theories of Political Development: Evaluation and Critique

PO 612 Political Sociology: Concept. Approaches and Process

PO 613 Imperialism and Problems of Underdevelopment

PO 614 Planning Models and Process

PO 615 Problems of Foreign Trade and Aid­Indian Economy

PO 616 Socialist Theory: Contemporary Trends

PO 617 Statistical Methods: Data Analysis in Political Science

PO 619 Politics and Ideology­Indian National Movement

PO 620 Protest, Change and Interaction in India

PO 621 Government and Pressure Groups in India

PO 622 Agrarian Movement and Politics in India

PO 623 Trade Union Movement in India

PO 624 National Liberation Movements

PO 625 Political Participation and Change

PO 626 Politics and Mass Communication

PO 627 Foreign Policy of India

PO 628 Politics of Multinational Corporations

PO 629 Agrarian Structure and Politics in India

PO 630 Texts in Political Philosophy

PO 632 State in the Third World

PO 633 Regional Parties and State Politics in India