cpccbc 4012a read and interpret plans and specifications 18740 certificate iv building &...
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CPCCBC 4012A Read and interpret plans and
specifications
18740
Certificate IV Building & Construction (Building)
Glenn P. Costin
Introduction
Purpose
• To develop the necessary skill and knowledge to read and interpret construction plans and associated specifications and schedules.
Architectural drafting is a language like any other: One must be fluent to understand its various
nuances and peculiarities. Likewise, as a language it changes over time, so one must remain engaged.
Glenn P. Costin
Standards and Codes
Building Code of Australia (BCA)Calls for various Australian Standards:
AS 1100.101 – 1992 (and amendments)Technical Drawing – General Principles
AS 1100.301 – 1985 (and supplements)Architectural Drawing
HB 47 – 1993 Dimensioning and Tolerances
Glenn P. Costin
1. Types of Drawings
Sketches
Critical part of the initial design phase
Glenn P. Costin
Glenn P. Costin
Initial Sketches
Sketch Plans or ‘Roughs’
Good design evolves from the doing, yet is reflective of being
“We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us”.
Winston Churchill
Glenn P. Costin
Pictorial Drawings
• Orthographic Vs Pictorial
What we draw ‘orthographically’What we
‘see’
Glenn P. Costin
Pictorial Types
Isometric
30o
Shows 3 dimensions.
All dimensions full length.
Glenn P. Costin
Pictorial Types
45o
Oblique
Shows 3 dimensions.
Receding dimensions reduced (1/2 size).
Glenn P. Costin
Pictorial Types
Perspective
Spectator Position (SP)
Vanishing Point (VP)
Vanishing Point (VP)
Drawing Plane
Two Point Perspective
Horizon Line
Ground Line
Plan
Orthographic
Perspective
Glenn P. Costin
Pictorial Types
Presentation DrawingsWright Frank Lloyd : Falling Water Mill
Glenn P. Costin
Construction DrawingsThe ‘Plans’• Orthographic• Drawn to Scale • Offer multiple views and details• Provide evidence of compliance• Submitted to relevant authorities• Show location of construction• Used for quoting and tendering• Allow off site manufacturing• Legal documents (in disputes)• Are the ‘construction manual’
70 970 105° 32'315
310
5 930 131° 16'
41
34
0
1
86
° 2
0'
57 430 276° 20'
27
16
0
1
86
° 2
0'
19 530 114° 14'
24 0
80
203
° 53
'
Notes:1. Block dimensions based upon Certificate of Title.2. Contours indicative only.3. No established trees need to be removed for this project.4. Shadow lines not provided due to lack of relevance (extreme distances between project and
neighbouring dwellings). 5. Storm water and drainage to existing outflows (where not directed by proposed storage tanks as shown).
Existing Self Contained Unit
Proposed Water Tanks
Tannery Lane
Ap
pro
x 7
600
Approx 10 300
Exi
stin
g S
elf
Gar
age
& S
hed
Project:
Proposed Alterations to 1 Hidden Lane
Contact Information:
Glenn P. Costin Ph: 02 60582840 Scale 1:300 or As Shown
All Dimensions in mm
DWG1 - 14
Site Plan (Proposed Dwelling Shown) Scale 1:300
Site Plan (Existing) Scale 1:500
300180
3400180
3800100
3850180
2500180
2400110
2000110
1500110
4800180
1300
600 600600 600
8110 11390
22000
2980
3880
340
140
1600
110
2130
110
1000
180
600
300
5230
100
3800
9490
180
600
1200
30015
5030
0
9120
1475
180
2895
110
3895
110
1220
180
5225
180
3725
180
600
600 180
1780
110
1510 180 3800 100 6485 8755180 600
180 1920 2100
8275 2325 1475
23080 2500
2180
9490
Master Bedroom
Living
HallHall
Study
BathEnsuite
Deck
Bed 2Bed 3
Entry
Laundry
WC
Kitchen Dining
Verandah
Deck
Deck
Verandah
Verandah
Str
utt
ing
Bea
m O
ver
Str
utt
ing
Bea
m O
ver
A
A
C
B
C
BD D
Tie
Bea
m
Ove
r
Project:
Proposed Alterations to 1 Hidden Lane
Contact Information:
Glenn P. Costin Ph: 0260582840 Scale 1:100 or As Shown
All Dimensions in mm
DWG3 - 14
Proposed Floor PlanScale 1:100
Aspects of construction PlansSite and Location Plans• Small Scale (1:1000)• Location Plans show where the building site is
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Site Plans• Make clear the
location of the structure on the site
• Show the lay of the land
• Show Boundary lines • Building Orientation • Show Existing
Structures, easements and the like.
• Scale 1:200 - 1:500
Notes:1. Block dimensions based upon Certificate of Title.2. Contours indicative only.3. No established trees need to be removed for this project.4. Shadow lines not provided due to lack of relevance (extreme distances between project and
neighbouring dwellings). 5. Storm water and drainage to existing outflows (where not directed by proposed storage tanks as shown).
Proposed Water Tanks
Aspects of construction Plans
Floor Plan• Arial view• Details horizontal
dimensions • Location of rooms • Position of fixtures• Roof outline• Thickness of walls• Scale 1:100
300180
3400180
3800100
3850180
2500180
2400110
2000110
1500110
4800180
1300
600 600600 600
8110 11390
22000
2980
3880
340
140
1600
110
2130
110
1000
180
600
300
5230
100
3800
9490
180
600
1200
30015
5030
0
9120
1475
180
2895
110
3895
110
1220
180
5225
180
3725
180
600
600 180
1780
110
1510 180 3800 100 6485 8755180 600
180 1920 2100
8275 2325 1475
23080 2500
2180
9490
Master Bedroom
Living
HallHall
Study
BathEnsuite
Deck
Bed 2Bed 3
Entry
Laundry
WC
Kitchen Dining
Verandah
Deck
Deck
Verandah
Verandah
Str
utt
ing
Bea
m O
ver
Str
utt
ing
Bea
m O
ver
A
A
C
B
C
BD D
Tie
Bea
m
Ove
rGlenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Elevations• Side views of
structure• Heights or
‘elevations’• Not a lot of
measured detail• Only height
measurements offered
• Scale 1:100
Original Roof and Wall Lines
U.S. Ceiling Main
FFL Upper Levels
FFL Lower LevelsG.L.
G.L.
South Elevation
25° (Approx Existing)
5°
FFL Lower Levels
U.S. Ceiling Main
U.S. Ceiling Master Bedroom
G.L.
G.L.
G.L.
G.L.
G.L.
Ap
pro
x 4
00
0
FFL Upper Levels
85
0
East Elevation
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Sections• Cut vertically
through building • Location of cut a
perspective shown on floor plan
• Show inside of building
• Show detail hidden from elevations
• Often heavily annotated
• Scale 1:100 or larger
Trusses at 900 c/c to Manufaturer's specifications
To Match Existing (Approx 25°)
Fire Rated Ducting and In-Line Fan Unit (Hot Air to Bed/Study/Bath Rooms)
Fan-Less Ducting (Cold Air from Bed/Study/Bath Rooms to Slow Combustion Heater Area)
Cathedral Ceiling to Lounge 13mm Plasterboard on Metal Battens
100 x 75 F17 HWD Post Supporting Ridge Beam
2/240 x 35 F17 HWD Strutting Beam (Laminated)
2/170 x 35 F17 HWD Ridge Beam (Laminated)
R3.5 Polyester or Pure Wool Batts to Ceiling Including Lounge Cathedral (No Fibre Glass to be Used)
R2.0 Polyester or Pure Wool Batts to all External Walls (No Fibre Glass to be Used)
R1.5 Polyester or Pure Wool Batts to all Internal Walls (No Fibre Glass to be Used)
Rendered 75mm Hebel Power Panel Fixed to 90mm MGP12 Stud Walls using 25mm Top Hats as per Manufactures Specifications.
Carter Holt Harvey 19mm Yellow Tougne 'R' Floor. 19mm T&G Blackbutt Solid Timber Flooring Over on Duragal Subfloor System
19mm Spotted Gum/Merbu or 'Modwood' Decking to Duragal Subfloor
19 mm Yellow Tougne 'R' Floor as Wall Backing to Subfloor Area of Lounge Wall.
FFL Lower Levels
FFL Upper Levels
3000
To
Mat
ch E
xist
ing
(App
rox
3150
)
FFL Lower Levels
850
Custom Orb ColorBond Cladding on 64mm Metal Top Hats.
Raking Eave Terminated at Chimney
120 x 45 F17 HWD Rafters to Lounge
Section A-A
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Bracing Plan• Recent addition• Show type and location of
bracing• Accompanied by bracing
schedule
Master Bedroom
Living
HallHall
StudyBath Ensuite
Deck
Bed 2Bed 3
Entry
Laundry
WC
Kitchen
Dining
Verandah
Deck
Deck
Verandah
Verandah
Str
utt
ing
Be
am
Ov
er
Str
utt
ing
Be
am
Ov
er
Lin
tel
Ov
er
B1i
Tie
Be
am
O
ve
r
B1j B1k
B1h
B1e B1f B1g
B1a B1b B1c B1d
4 x
B2m
4 x
B2o
B2n
B2p
2 x
B2q
4 x
B2r
2x B
2u
2 x B1s
B2v
B2l
Co
mb
ina
tio
n B
ea
m O
ve
r3
24
12 x B1t
Bracing Requirements
Design Wind ClassificationRegion A
Terrain Category TC2Topographic Classification T2
Sheilding PSWind Classification N3
StructureRoof: Composite DesignPitch 25°- New: Lounge - Rafters at 900 c/c with Cathedral Ceiling Lining Under, Sheet Clad on Metal Battens over.All Other Areas - Trusses at 900 c/c, Sheet Clad on Metal Battens.- Existing: Traditionally Pitched Rafters at 900 c/c.
Walls: Composite Design - New: 90mm Timber Stud Clad with Hebal 70mm 'Power Panel' on Metal Battens- Existing: 180mm Solid Masony
Floor: Composite Design- New: Duragal Subfloor System (Gal Stumps, Bearers & Joists) with 19mm Yellow Tongue 'R' Floor Sheet Topped with 19mm Black Butt End Matched T&G HWD Flooring. - Existing: Traditional Concrete Stumps with HWD Bearers & Joists Topped with19mm Black Butt T&G HWD Flooring
AreasDirection 1 32m² + 8m² (Upper
Lounge Wall consideration) Force = 1.4Restraint required = 56.0 kNRestraint provided = 58.4 kN (Nominal bracing and that offered by existing structure not considered)
Direction 2 54m² + 8.2m² (Upper Lounge Wall consideration)Force = 1.3Restraint required = 80.9 kNRestraint provided = 81.6 kN(Nominal bracing not considered)
Direction 3 18m²Force = 1.2Restraint required = 21.6 kNRestraint provided = 19.2 kN(Bracing Provided By Existing Structure Considered - New Structure Imposes No Additional Area to Existing and is Within 5.1m).
Direction 4 12m²Force = 1.1Restraint required = 13.2 kNRestraint provided = 14.4 kN(Nominal bracing not considered)
Direction 4
Brace Type Restraint Offered Length Location
B 9.6 kN/m 1800 u
B 4.8 kN/m 900 v
TOTAL = 14.4 kN/m
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Overlays• Simplified Floor
Plan• Required for
extensions and renovations
• Identify new work from old
Master Bedroom
Living
HallHall
Study
BathEnsuite
Deck
Bed 2Bed 3
Entry
Laundry
WC
Kitchen Dining
Verandah
Deck
Deck
Verandah
Verandah
Internal Wall Removed: Replace with 2/190 x 45 Compound Beam (Strutting/Hanging) Over
External Wall and Hip of Roof Removed: Trussed Roof Over
Existing Verandah Roof Removed. Note: Pillars to be Retained
Existing Study Removed including Removal of Original Verandah Roof and Pillars to this Area
Existing Play Room, Laundry, Bathroom and WC Removed Including Concrete Slab. Ground Line Lowered to Improve Ventilation to Both New Works and Existing Retained Structure.
Existing Double Hung Window Relocated to East of Chimney. Replaced With External Door.
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Details• Enlargements of
key areas• Offer clearer
picture of how something is to go together
• Show work that may differ from standard building practice
• Often heavily annotated
Rendered 75mm Hebel Power Panel Fixed to 90mm MGP12 Stud Walls using 25mm Top Hats as per Manufactures Specifications.
Carter Holt Harvey 19mm Yellow Tougne 'R' Floor.
600 X 400 Continuous Concrete Strip Footing to Perimeter of New Works. Min 20MPa Concrete
4-L12TM to Top and Bottom of Strip Footing
12mm Ø Threaded Rod Tied to 12mm Ø Starter Bars to Each Bearer End Postion or at Max 1800 c/c for Bearers Running Parallel to Wall
100 x 50 x 1.6 Duragal Joists at 450c/cAll Ends to be Plastic Capped
19mm T&G Blackbutt Solid Timber Flooring or Ceramic Tiles (i.e. Wet Areas).
100 x 50 x 2.0 Duragal Bearers Located as per Footing Plan. All Ends to be Plastic Capped.
'Rock Faced' 100 series (90mm) Concrete Blocks Contiouous Beneath Hebel Power Panel.
'Rock Faced' 200 series (190mm) Concrete Blocks Contiouous with Strip Footing.
Continuous Alcor or equivalent Flashing Behind Sarking and Under AbleFlex Expansion Joint.
Continuous Galvanised Ant Cap with DampProof Flashing Under.
10mm AbleFlex Expansion Joint.
Rendered Hebel or Styrofoam Moulding Screwed and Glued to Hebel Power Panel.
100 series (90mm) Concrete Block Piers Tied to Strip Footing at Each Bearer End Support Location or at Max 1800c/c for Bearers Running Parallel to Wall.
Min 6000mm2/m Ventilation Provided at Evenly Spaced Intervals Through Dwarf Wall. (Climate Zone 3).
Min
150
mm
*
* Beyond 2.0m from External Wall or Top of Slope, Minimum is 400mm.
10mm Gyprock Sheeting.
R2.0 Poly or Pure Wool Insulation (No Fibre Glass to be used)
90mm MGP12 Pine Framing to AS1684
Min
75m
m
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction PlansSchedules• May be stand alone or be accompanied
by other drawings• Door & Window• Materials & Finishes• Bracing
W4 Repositioned
Existing
W3
W2
W1
GD7
D1
W12 Over Head
Gable
D4
D3
D5D6 D7 D8
D9
Door & Window Schedule Dimensions stated as Nominal only.
Glazing Design Wind Speed: 41m/s All doors treated with weather seals all round
Item Glass Specification
W1 S 1000 x 1600 Timber Awning
W2 S1000 x 600 Timber fixed vented & obscure
(Toilet Window)
W3 S 1000 x 2400 Timber double hung
W4 S1500 x 1000 Timber Double Hung (Repositioned Existing Window)
W5, 6 & 11 S 1500 x 1000 Timber double hung
W7 DG 2100 x 900 Timber Awning
W8 S 2400 x 500 Timber Hopper
W9 GB 2100 x 700 Glass Block
W10 GB 1500 x 2000 Glass Block
W12 TDG 1800 x 3100 Timber Gable Hopper
D1 & 2 S 2040 x 820 Glazed Timber External
D3 NA 2040 x 820 Flush Panel Cavity Slider
D4 - D9 NA 2040 x 820 Colonial Timber Internal
GD1 S 2150 x 2000 Glazed Timber External
GD2 DG 2150 x 3100 Glazed Timber Bifold External
GD3 DG2040 x 1800 Glazed Timber External Door &
Awning Window
GD4 DG 2040 x 1800 Glazed Timber External
GD5 S2040 x 2400 Glazed Timber French Doors with
Awning Sidelights
GD6 S2150 x 2500 Glazed Timber French Doors with
Awning Sidelights
GD7 S2040 x 2400 Solid Timber Entrance Door with
Awning Sidelights
Glass CodesS
DGTDG
Single 5mm Double Glazed min 3-6-3
Toughened Double Glazed
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Service Details
• Plumbing
• Heating
• Air conditioning
• Electrical
• Vary in scale and complexity depending upon requirements
Glenn P. Costin
Aspects of construction Plans
Amendment Drawings
• Document revisions
• May affect one or all drawings
• Identified by revision block or number
• Triangle points to revision
Glenn P. Costin
2. Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbols:
An agreed array of objects, characters or figures
Three main types of symbols used
• Drawing (material renderings, doors etc.)
• Fixture (sink, basin, stove, dishwasher)
• Services (electrical, heating, cooling)
Glenn P. Costin
Symbols and Abbreviations
Be aware that some symbols are nation specific. E.g.:
Australia • door hinged on the right hand side. • window hinged at top (Awning sash)
United Kingdom (Australia till late 1960s) • door hinged on the left hand side• window hinged at bottom (hopper
sash).
Glenn P. Costin
Symbols and Abbreviations
Common Line Types
Continuous
Dashed
Centre
Glenn P. Costin
Symbols and AbbreviationsLine Types
300180
3400180
3800100
3850180
2500180
2400110
2000110
1500110
4800180
1300
600 600600 600
8110 11390
22000
29
80
38
80
34
01
40
16
00
11
02
13
01
10
10
00
18
0
60
0
30
0
52
30
10
03
80
0
94
90
18
0
60
01
20
03
001
55
03
00
91
20
14
75
18
02
89
51
10
38
95
11
01
22
01
80
52
25
18
03
72
51
80
60
0
600 180
1780
110
1510 180 3800 100 6485 8755180 600
180 1920 2100
8275 2325 1475
23080 2500
21
80
94
90
Master Bedroom
Living
HallHall
Study
BathEnsuite
Deck
Bed 2Bed 3
Entry
Laundry
WC
Kitchen Dining
Verandah
Deck
Deck
Verandah
Verandah
Str
utt
ing
Beam
Over
Str
utt
ing
Beam
Over
A
A
C
B
C
BD D
Tie
Beam
O
ver
Glenn P. Costin
Symbols and Abbreviations
Abbreviations and Terms
• WRC Western Red Cedar
• KDHWD Kiln Dried Hard Wood
• GAL Galvanised
• GL Ground Line
• USCL Underside Ceiling Line
• FFL Finished Floor Line
Glenn P. Costin
3. Key Features on Site Plan
• Location & Orientation
• Datum
• Access & Egress
• Contours
• Slopes
• Geographical & Topographical
Glenn P. Costin
Location & Orientation
70 970 105° 32'315
310
5 930 131° 16'
41 3
40
186
° 20
'
57 430 276° 20'
27 1
60
186
° 20
'
19 530 114° 14'
24 0
80
203
° 53
'
Notes:1. Block dimensions based upon Certificate of Title.2. Contours indicative only.3. No established trees need to be removed for this project.4. Shadow lines not provided due to lack of relevance (extreme distances between project and
neighbouring dwellings). 5. Storm water and drainage to existing outflows (where not directed by proposed storage tanks as shown).
Existing Self Contained Unit
Proposed Water Tanks
Tannery Lane
Ap
pro
x 7
600
Approx 10 300
Exi
stin
g S
elf
Gar
age
& S
hed
Hidden Lane
Glenn P. Costin
Important Terms
Datum
In this case Sea Level
Station
Permanent Bench Mark (PM or PBM)Often located in pavements
Temporary Bench Mark
(TBM)Usually
positioned by a licensed surveyor
Datum: The point to which all other heights are referenced (may be sea level or a height nominated
arbitrarily).
Station: The location of the levelling instrument (may be more than one ‘Station’ in a survey).
Benchmarks: Permanent (PM) or Temporary (TBM) marks of known height above the original datum (sometimes
used as the datum with a nominated height).Glenn P. Costin
Important TermsRise: The increase in height between a location (Datum, peg, or mark) and the one previous to it.
B
A
C
Peg C records a Fall when sighted
after Peg BPeg B records
a rise when sighted after
Peg A
Fall: The decrease in height between a location (Datum, peg, or mark) and the one previous to itFall: The decrease in height between a location (Datum, peg, or mark) and the one previous to it
Glenn P. Costin
Important Terms
The word ‘reduced’ is used in this case to mean ‘taken from’. Every R.L. is ‘taken from’ (reduced), and so has a relationship to, something else.
Reduced Level (R.L.): The height of a location (datum, peg, or mark) relative to the nominated reference point (sea level, bench mark of given
height, or the like).
Peg AR.L. 75.250
From Previous survey.
Peg BR.L.
75.450
Backsight 1.200
Foresight 1.000
Ground rises 0.200m
Sea Level or
‘Datum’ R.L. 0.000
This means the ground at Peg A is 75.250m above sea level
Glenn P. Costin
Contour Lines
150
170
180
160
160
150
170
180
Glenn P. Costin
Glenn P. Costin
Easements
• Land that someone other than the ‘owner’ has legal right to access
• May limit or inhibit building
• Will always be on title documents
• Must be shown on site plan
• Examples include sewer lines and other underground services, water courses, public rights of passage and the like.
Glenn P. Costin
4. Key Features on Drawings
Task:
Using the plan set provided complete the table in the notes.
Glenn P. Costin
5. Specifications
• Form part of contract documents• Have legal standingSpecify:
MaterialsWorks to be undertakenQuality of workObligations (Builder, Owner, Contractors)Standards and Codes to be adhered toStatutory requirements
Glenn P. Costin
Specifications
• Standard Specifications available (MBA, HIA, Natspec)
• Builders/Architects/Designers may write their own
• Not all domestic construction will have a specifications ‘book’
• May include Provisional Sum (PS) and Prime Cost (PC) Items
Glenn P. Costin
Provisional Sum ItemsSome work cannot be accurately quoted due to unknowns within the scope of that workE.g.: Rock Excavation, Landscaping, Retaining walls
– May be higher or lower than the PS amount
– To provide a quote for the full job an estimate amount is entered that ‘provides’ for the work.
– Once work is completed the actual cost is documented and the client billed accordingly
– This amount in original quote.
– Builders should clearly identify PS items for themselves and to their clients
Glenn P. Costin
Prime Cost Items• Applies to items and or materials which might
not be chosen by the client until work has progressed.
• Actual cost of items accounted in final statements to client.
Prime Cost (PC) items might include:– Tiles– Sinks – Taps– Lights etc.
Glenn P. Costin
Variations to Standard Specifications
Clients can call for variations to the standard specification
Variations can be to: • quality expected• Listed PC items• Materials and finishes
Variations must be recorded (Addendum to Specifications or noted as variation to plans)
Glenn P. Costin
Essential elements of Specifications
Specifications broken into sections such as:
• Introductory Section• Statutory Requirements • Owners Obligations• Plans, Permits, Fees• Site Works• Footings
And many other sections covering specific trades such as Carpentry, Joinery, Roofing, Bricklaying and the like.
Glenn P. Costin
Essential elements of Specifications
• Many elements of construction are held within the Specifications only
• Builders need to identify and interpret these elements for quoting and construction purposes
• Builder needs to ensure client is aware of these elements.
• Builder needs to ensure supervision on and off site covers these elements
Glenn P. Costin
6. Non-Structural Aspects of Specifications
Aspects that cover elements of structure that do not carry load or resist force (uplift, wind forces, earth pressures etc.)
E.g.: Plumbing and electrical, fittings, appliances etc.
• Client generally has input into selection of some non- structural items, or elements of items (brick colour, face etc.)
• Builder may be called upon for advice
• Builder should be aware of limitations to choice described by the Specifications (e.g. wind load capacity of glazing)
Glenn P. Costin