CP CLASSTEST ONE NOTES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp

A. Describe the development of Mesopotamian society including

religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society including

Hammurabi’s law code.

B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in

Ancient Egypt.

D. Identifying early trading networks and writing systems

existent in the Eastern Mediterranean including those

of the Phoenicians.

E. Explain the development and importance of writing

including cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How did the Indo-European tribes change our world today?

INDO-EUROPEANS

Nomadic people from the steppes Dry grasslands N of Caucus Mountains

between Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Pastoral – cattle, goats, sheep, horses Chariots

TribesLanguages we call Indo-

Europeanmodern languages of Europe,

SW Asia, S Asia – English, Spanish, Hindi, Persian

Tell where each tribe settled by languages spoken in those

areas.Some Slavic speakers moved N

& WCeltic, Germanic, and Italic

tribes moved through Europe.

Greek & Persian tribes moved South.

Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush entered India.

SanskritNo one knows why these groups left the steppes.

Grazing lands were drying up.Over-populatedFleeing invadersFleeing diseaseTower of Babel

Whatever the reason migrated out in all directions.

HITTITE EMPIRE

2,000 BC Hittites occupied Anatolia (Asia Minor – Turkey)

Peninsula in Black Sea and Med Sea Capital – Hattusas Spoke own language & Babylonian. Conquered the Babylonians and liked

parts of their culture (cultural diffusion)

Adopted Babylonian arts, literature, language, and politics

Hittites excelled at war.Conquered an Egyptian army.

Chariots of ironEasy to maneuverPulled by 4 horses

ARYANS 1,500 BC Aryans crossed the NW

mountain passes – Hindu Kush Entered Indus Valley of India Most of our knowledge of this culture

comes from Vedas. Sacred literature Four collections of scripture, prayers,

magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals.

Most important is the Rig Veda1,028 hymns devoted to Aryan

gods.No written languagePassed along orally

strict about accuracy!Mistakes received strict

consequences

First arrived in Indus valley3 social classes

Priests – BrahminsWarriorsPeasants

Class determined role in society.

As they conquered new lands acquired captives/slaves

4th social class – all non-Aryans (Shudrus)

As this class grew class restrictions became more strict.

Shudrus did the work the Aryans did not want to do.

Varna (skin color) became a distinguishing feature of this

system4 social classes became known

as the Varnas.

Stayed in social class entire life. Born into it. Could not improve

your social class.Later in 15th century explorers

from Portugal came across this area and the social classes and called them the caste system.

Thur8/8/13

EQ:How did the Phoenicians affect

our modern world?

World History Standard 1The student will analyze the

origins, structures and interactions of complex societies

in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to

500 BCE.

MINOANS

Powerful seafaring people. Thalassocracy Dominated trade in the eastern Med. Sea. 2,000 BC – 1,400 BC Lived on Crete Produced finest pottery of the era. Traded pottery, swords, figurines, precious

metals.

Also exported art and culture (cultural diffusion)

Big influence on the Greeks!Capital- Knosses

Ruled by King Minos

Legend King Minos kept a ½ human ½ bull monster called

the Minotaur.Locked in a labyrinth or maze.

Minoans loved sports. Boxing, wrestling, bull-leaping

Women had higher rank in Minoan culture than in surrounding cultures.

Polytheistic

sacrificed bulls to their gods and possibly humans

Minoan culture ended about 1200 BC and we are not sure why.

Theories:

Natural disaster (earthquake/tsunami) or Volcano

Over-populated

invaders

PHOENICIANS 1100 BC became most powerful traders in

the Med. Sea. Area now called Palestine

Lebanon

Never united into a country – instead began a number of city-states around the Med. Sea which competed with each other for trade.

Some of the major city-states were Byblos, Tyre and Sidon.

All were trading centers.

Great ship-builders and seafarers.

1st Med. People to explore past the Strait of Gibraltar.

Explored as far out as Britain, around Africa and Red Sea.

Colonies along coasts of Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain. Greatest was

Carthage – North Africa.

Carthage was founded by Tyre in 725 BC.

It was known for its slave trade, precious metals, and ivory.

Known for their purple dye made of Murex snails.

60,000 snails to make one pound of dye.

Also made papyrus.

Phoenicians were merchants so they needed a system of writing.

Theirs used symbols to represent sounds.

Sounds were called phonetic.

One sign used for one sound.

The word alphabet comes from two Phoenician

letters: aleph & beth.

Adopted by the Greeks.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp

Fri8/9/13

C. Explain the development of monotheism including the

concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews and

Zoroastrianism.

Zoroastrianism founded by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster in

Greek) 6,000 BCE Oldest of the world religions Persia – Iran monotheism

Zoroaster - Ahura Mazda the one uncreated creator of all

(God).

An evil spirit of violence and death, Angra Mainyu, who

opposes Ahura Mazda.

The Zorastrian holy book is called the Avesta

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What led to the change from polytheism to monotheism?

HEBREWS

Greatest influence on their own time and our history (Jews)

Bible – Hebrew nation began with Abraham.

Lived in Sumer Led by God to travel to Canaan Crossed Syrian Desert to borders of

Palestine.

Then crossed isthmus of Suez into Egypt.

Settled in Land of Goshen – east region where Nile flows

into the Med. Sea.

Lived peacefully in Egypt for 100’s of years.

As population grew Egyptians decided to make them into

slaves.

Moses led them out of Egypt

Crossed Sinai PeninsulaSome Hebrews had been

influenced by Egyptians – idolsMt Sinai – ten commandments –

moral lawsYahweh or Jehovah

monotheistic

GREECE Med. Sea – Greece, Asia Minor,

surrounding islands. One of greatest civilizations in history Citizens might govern themselves Modern scientific thought/method Art, literature, philosophy, sculpture Idea of perfect human shape Plato & Aristotle

GREECE GAVE THE MODERN WORLD:

Trial by Jury Greek Myths Democracy Tragedy & Comedy Theatre Olympics

History is always influenced by geography.

Med. SeaWorld’s largest inland sea.

3 continents1. Not a river civilization

few rivers/small amount of farm land

Could not grow enough crops to feed population

Became traders to survive.Sailors, fish, colonized

2. Greece not a nation. Group of city-states.

Isolated from each other by mountains, travel by ship.Greek word for city-state is

polis.

All Greek city-states had these features in common:

Small in size – Athens 1,000 square miles Sparta – 4,000 square miles 357.6 square miles

Small population – 5,000-10,000 (men only) Gordon County 55,186 (2010 Census)

1. Finish Shield Project – include list of what symbols, colors mean. Put in box 3. 2. Get textbook and define

terms chapters 6 & 7

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxOANJ-sSu0&feature=related

Stood on a hill (acropolis)public meeting place – city

market - agora

Greek city-states never united. Had a variety of governments.

From 1,000-700 BC little is known of the Greeks.

Age of Kingswarfare, little trade

For a long time the Greek city-states were ruled by Tyrants or

powerful kings.

Mon 8/12

Terms chapters 6 & 7 due Tue Current Event (Europe) due Thur

Terms Quiz chap 6 & 7 Friday.

EQ – How did the Greeks affect our modern world?

Greek culture was not advanced and few people could read or

write.Bards – folk songs, ballads, epics (stories of hero’s and

great events).

Around 700 BC much of the oral history was gathered together

and put into 2 great epics.Iliad & the Odyssey

written by a blind poet named Homer.

Aesop’s Fables written by Aesop an ancient Greek.

Period of Greek history called Homeric Age.

Epics talk about the Trojan War and Odysseus trip home after

the Trojan War.

Greeks all spoke the same language.

Polytheisticgods had human desires, but

were more powerful than humans and immortal.

Will go to Hades.

Greek gods lived on Mt Olympus.

To explain their world the Greeks developed myths –

traditional stories about deeds and misdeeds

of gods.

Zeus – god of the sky & King of gods.

Hera – wife/sister of Zeus protector of women & marriagePoseidon – brother of Zeus god

of the ocean (sailors)Hades – brother of Zeus god of

Hades or underworld

Athena – daughter of Zeus goddess of wisdom and womanly virtue Special

protector of city-state AthensApollo – god of light and music

and poetry symbol of manly beauty

The Greeks held athletic contests to honor their gods. The most famous were the

games held at Olympia in honor of Zeus.

Greek Men

Ran the government Most of time away from home Business Leisure activities

Horse-back riding Hunting/fishing Sailing Olympics

Greek Women

Ran the home! In most city-states had limited freedom

outside the home Had slaves to do most of the labor Not allowed to go to Olympic games

Terms chap 6 & 7 due tomorrowHeading chapter 6 (15)

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

In what ways was Sparta different from other Greek city-states?

Tue 8/13/13

Greek children

You were considered a youth until the age of 30!!

Baby girl – decorated doorway with wreath of wool

Baby boy – decorated doorway with wreath of olive branches.

Most Greek girls did NOT go to school.

Stayed at home and learned from mother how to run a

household.

Greek boys spent days hunting and fishing until the

age of 6 or 7. Then they began school.

Greek Slaves

Very important part of Greek culture. Could become a slave by being captured Sold into slavery Abandoned as a child Did ALL of the work Could not go to school

If already educated could be a tutor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjozP5DrtDU&feature=related

SPARTA

One of the most important Greek city-states

3 social classes Citizens of Sparta – descendent of original

founder – land divided equally Neighbors – immigrants – free, owned

business, never citizens

3rd group – serfs or peasants. Called Helots – basically slaves. Were not allowed to move freely.

Bound to the land.

Outnumbered citizens and Neighbors 5-1!!

Treated harshly

Government – Sparta’s law were set up by

Lycurgus.

Had an Assembly – all citizens over 30. Elected the officials

and voted on policies.

Council of Elders – 2 kings & 28 elders. All elders had to be over

60. They proposed laws on which the Assembly voted.

2 Kings also High Priests, judges and commanders of the

army.

5 Ephors – sort of like our Supreme Court. Elected by

Assembly. Guardians of the law and served for one year.

Lives of all Spartan citizens were regulated at birth.

The purpose of Education was to produce a well-drilled, well-

disciplined army.

Spartans believed in simplicity. Loyal to the state.

All citizens:

Got an equal share of land. Did not need money. Needs were

provided. Loyal to the city-state Fought in the army. Believed babies had to be in perfect

shape.

Spartan boys Sent to school at age 6 or 7. Lived, trained in barracks. Survival skills How to fight Endure pain, hunger Not fed well, beaten, marched without

shoes, Brutal training period.

18-20 Spartan males had to pass a difficult fitness test,

military ability, and leadership skills.

Failed – Perioikos (middle class) just above a slave. Own Property, business, no rights.

Passed fitness tests – full citizen and soldier.

Still lived in barracks.

Soldier until 60.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx8BrJIWqMo&feature=related

Terms chap 6 & 7 – keep these

Headings Chap 6 (20) – put in box

Current Event due tomorrow (Europe)

Wed8/14/13

Sparta teacher conference

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEItBM1dc9o

EQ – What made Athens a leader among the Greek city-

states?

Spartan girls

School at age 6-7 Lived and trained in barracks Not quite as rugged, but intense. Gymnastics, wrestling, combat skills Produce strong babies 18 fitness test Perioikos

Passed fitness test – free to move around city.

Assigned a husband.

Sparta did not have:

Works of art Literature Architecture But they did have a terrifying army

ATHENS

Birthplace of democracy Early history ruled by tyrants Ostracism Solon wrote laws of Athens Place of great culture Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

3 social classes

Citizens Aliens – Metics Slaves 4 rulers

Draco Solon Pisistratus Cleisthenes

Home of the Greek fleetestablished colonies along the

Med. Sea.Aegean Sea, Black Sea,

Adriatic Seabrought attention to their

civilization

In 546 BC the Greeks living on the western shore of Asia Minor

were conquered by the Persians.

In 499 BC these Greeks revolted against Persian rule.

Athens helped them revolt.

Since Athens had aided the Greeks in Asia Minor Darius I

decided to attack Greece.

His first attempt was in 492 BC, but it failed. Hurricane –

300 ships ; 20,000

The revolt lasted until 479 BC. In the end Persia won.

Began the Persian Wars.

Persians were led by Darius I.

2nd attempt was in 490 BC. Plains of Marathon.

Earth & water - submission Herodotus said Greeks

outnumbered 10-1 600 ships

Same language defending homes

phalanx – 8/4 deep

Greeks win again.

Pheidippides

26 miles – 385 yards

Darius I makes plans for full scale attack.

DRACO

Ruled in 612 BC Code of laws that were harsh were written down Life hard on poor Poor began to demand rights

SOLON

Ruled in 594 BC Mediated between debtors and creditors Cancelled debts Law no longer sold into slavery to pay off

debts

PISISTRATUS

Ruled in 560 BC – 527 BC Relative of Solon Became a tyrant Exiled nobles who disagreed with him. Lands were seized and divided among the

peasants

CLEISTHENES

Came to power in 510 BC Gained power after civil war Began democratic system of government

Solon’s Idea Opposed class division Divided Athens into 10 tribes – geography Lowered voting age 20

Tue 2/5

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Prc1UfuokY

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?

In 480 BC Darius I has died (484 BC) and his son Xerxes is King.

Leads that vast fleet to attack Greece. 500,000 men

Herodotus – drink river

Northern Greece - Narrow mountain pass - Thermopylae

Spartan King Leonidas worked out a deal with the admiral of

the Athenian navy Thermistocles.

Xerxes’ had spies.

Arrived during Greek religious holiday – Carneia

Sparta’s Ephors refused to allow the Spartan army to travel during the religious holiday

300 bodyguards

Suicide mission – hold off attack

Began moving north. Picked up allies (7,000 soldiers)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI6sARmxEuc

rebuilt a wall across valley Phoenicians had used earlier for

defense

Persians amused

Size of Xerxes army took 5 days for the back of the army to reach the

front.

Spies saw Spartans doing gymnastics, combing their hair, and

oiling their bodies.

Persians told Greeks to surrender.

Herodotus – arrows, sun

Mid August 480 BC 1st battle – Xerxes sent Medes –

mercenaries

Spartans defeated first wave with their swords, then acted like they were fleeing. When

Medes charged they were bunched and Spartans pushed

them off the cliff!

Xerxes sent a 2nd group of mercenaries Cissians next. They were defeated just as

easily. 3 times that day Xerxes jumped up in fear that the

Spartans would destroy his army.

Next day Xerxes sent word Spartans could go free.

“Molon labe” – come and take us

Immortals – 10,000

Brother - Hydarnes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzqPxkDPfrw

Strong, disciplined soldiers, Spartans weapons were better.

Spartans defeat Immortals and kill Hydarnes.

Persians demoralized

A traitor, Ephialtes, told Xerxes about a goat path around the

valley.

He sent 10,000 more troops to get behind the Spartans.

Greeks heard them coming and Leonidas sends other Greeks

home to fight another day.

Many of the 300 dead/wounded by now, but rest refuse to leave.

Older – warrior, not messenger

lost eyes – lead to fight

On the 3rd day the Spartans attacked the Persians with the

intent to do as much damage as possible.

Leonidis killed – retrieve body

Xerxes lines valley walls with archers and kills all remaining

Spartans.

Leonidas’ body beheaded

20,000 Persians killed

Headings Chap 6 (20) – put in box

Timeline (25 events) chaps 6 & 7 in box

Terms chap 8 & 9 by Tuesday

Terms chap 4 & 5 due Tuesdaywww.classzone.com

Due Today – put in box:Headings Chap 2 (20) Heading Chap 3 (20)

1. Terms 8 & 9 due Tue.2. Current Event due Thur. –

make-ups3. Test One Thur.

4. Terms Quiz 8 & 9 Fri.

Monday 8/19/13

What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?

Persians marched to Athens. Themistocles evacuates city.

Days later Greek navy tricks Xerxes and defeats Persian

navy

Persians go home.

Athens took credit for defeating Persians.

Sparta considered attacking Persia but afraid of slave revolt

Delian League – 140 city-states

Athenian leader Pericles

Used power to make Athens strong and weaken Corinth.

Peloponnesus – Peloponnesian War 431 – 404.

Sparta will eventually win, but Greece will be weakened.

Macedonia nation to north

Ruler Phillip – captive in youth held in Greece admired culture

Took advantage of Peloponnesian War and

invaded Greece.

Greeks did not like being ruled.

Phillip planned to attack Persia

Before he could he was assassinated.

Succeeded in 336 BC by 20 year old son

Alexander

TEST ONE

Thur. 8/22/13