1. EPA Enforcement and NextGeneration ComplianceMissour i Hazardous Waste SeminarDave Cozad, U.S. EPANovember 4, 2014U.S. Environmental Protection Agency1

2. Why Next Generation Compliance?2 Noncompliance Information on compliance often not readilyavailable Government resources not adequate toaddress large regulated universe relyingexclusively on singe facility inspectionenforcement model Not getting all the benefits expected from ourrules and permits 3. Technology Paradigm Change3Credit: CitiSense Air Quality Monitoring Mobile Sensors, University of California, San Diego,Jacobs School of Engineering. See:http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/small_portable_sensors_allow_users_to_monitor_exposure_to_pollution_on_thei 4. 1. More effective rules and permits4Rules structured to promote compliance Simplicity Designed to makecompliance the default Market mechanisms efficiency and clarity Transparency asaccountability tool Self and third-partycertificationsU.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5. 2. Advanced monitoring technologies5 Real-time monitoring knowing about pollutionas its happening Facility feedback loops preventing pollutionbefore it happens Fenceline monitoring Community monitoring Remote sensingU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyPassive diffusion tubes can be placed at a facilitysboundary and is a low-cost way to measure airtoxics 6. Advanced monitoring6Making the invisible visibleU.S. Environmental Protection Agency 7. Real-Time Monitoring for Cyanobacteriain the Charles River, MA 8. Advanced MonitoringU.S. Environmental Protection Agency8 9. Example - Using Advanced Monitoring To Persuade & ProvePassive FTIR Open-Path Monitor Testing of flares todetermine combustionefficiency PFTIR works bymeasuring flare plumegases9 10. Advanced monitoring10An example from flaring enforcementU.S. Environmental Protection Agency 11. 3. Electronic reporting11 Information technologiesmake new solutions possible Smart tools and 2-waycommunication Private sector reporting tools Ohio NPDES e-reportingsuccess story Could e-reporting yieldbenefits for CERCLA &RCRA financial assurance?U.S. Environmental Protection Agency100%80%60%40%20%0%1000080006000400020000NPDES DMR Compliance in OhioFY 2009 - 7/08-6/09Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May JunReporting Month% eDMR usagePermit ViolationsFacilities using eDMR 12. E-Manifest By converting from paper, e-Manifest could reduce burdenby 300,000 - 700,000 hours, with annual savings of ~ $75million for approximately 160,000 waste handlers. Region 6 has established a cross check system using datafrom Texass e-manifest system and EPA permit informationto find out: (1) Is the facility receiving the hazardous waste permitted toreceive such waste? (2) Does the receiving facility have the appropriate treatmentmethods indicated on their permit associated with theincoming waste?U.S. Environmental Protection Agency12 13. 4. Increased transparencyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency13 Evidence that effectivetransparency drives performance SDWA Consumer ConfidenceReports Restaurant health inspectiongradesSDWA: Mailed report oncompliance resulted in:Total violations: down 30-44%Health violations: down 40-57%*Bennear & Olmstead, Journal ofEnvironmental Economics andManagement (2008). 14. Leveraging Transparency for ComplianceExample: NY State Sewage Pollution Right-To-Know Act14 New state law will require POTWs to electronicallyreport sewage discharges to government and thepublic within four hours: 15. 5. Innovative Enforcement Save EPA resources from CDimplementation and increaseincentives on defendants tocomply with CD Enhances public transparency Pilots monitoring andtransparency approaches thatcould spread to other venues: Helps establish these new best15practices as basis for incorporatinginto regulations and permits 16. Example - Incorporating Next Gen in SettlementsCAA settlement with Shell Deer Park (Texas)16 Next Gen tools includedin settlement: Innovative technology toreduce pollution fromflairs Enhanced in-plantmonitoring for benzene Regular tank inspectionswith infrared camera Fence line monitoring forbenzene Report fence line data onpublic web site 17. Example - Incorporating Next Gen in SettlementsCWA Settlement with Metro. Sewer District (St. Louis, Mo.) Flow monitors on SSOoutfalls Consent Decreesubmissions must beposted to District websitefor three years Must post dischargelocations to Districtwebsite17 18. Incorporating Next Gen in Settlements ExampleCWA settlement with Roquette America (Iowa)18 EPA-approved contractormust complete annual 3rdparty audits for O&Mplan, SWPPP, andNPDES permits Reports will identify non-compliance,steps toaddress, and schedule tocorrect Audit reports will begiven to EPA andRoquette at same time 19. Path Forward For more information, see the Next Gen StrategicPlan for FY14-17 athttp://www2.epa.gov/compliance/next-generation-compliance-strategic-plan-2014-2017U.S. Environmental Protection Agency19