covalent bonding masha ld (201127636)
TRANSCRIPT
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
by Masha LD201127636
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond Covalent Bond
Covalent Bond
Covalent BondingGrade 10
Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons.
• Covalent bonds generally form between nonmetals.
• Atoms that are covalently bonded form molecules.
This involves the sharing of electrons by 2 or more atoms.
The electrons are shared, not taken as with ionic bonds.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE THE BONDS BETWEEN:
H2 F2 Br2 Cl2 HCl H2O
Another example : Hydrogen
H HXO
HH O x
Single Bond
Chlorine Molecule
Let us see how chlorine bonds
ClCl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cloctet
Cl Cloctet
Cl ClThe octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
Cl ClThe octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
Cl ClThis is the bonding pair
Cl ClIt is a single bonding pair
Cl ClIt is called a SINGLE BOND
Double bond can also be shown as single dash
Cl - Cl
Water• H2O
Methane• CH4
Tetrachloromethane• CCL4
Ammonia• NH3
Another example of Single Bond
Double Bond
sometimes simple is better -_-
Oxygen
How will two oxygen atoms bond?
OO
OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons
OO
OO
OO
OO
OO
OO
Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
OO
OO
OO
OO
OOBoth electron pairs are shared.
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
two bonding pairs,
OOmaking a double bond
Double bond can also be shown as double dashes
O = O
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20(1).ppt
• file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/covalentbonding-130621234636-phpapp02%20(1)%20(1).ppt
• file:///C:/Users/General/Downloads/unit11powerpoint-091031211736-phpapp01%20(1).pptx
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