covalent bonding
DESCRIPTION
Covalent bonding. Grade 9 Chemistry. Starter. What ions do Chlorine form? Imagine you have 2 chlorine ions – how could they help EACH OTHER to reach a stable state? It might help if you draw out the Lewis structures for 2 chlorine ions!. LET’S FIRST REVIEW IONIC BONDING. K. F. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Covalent bonding
Grade 9 Chemistry
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Starter
• What ions do Chlorine form?
• Imagine you have 2 chlorine ions – how could they help EACH OTHER to reach a stable state?
• It might help if you draw out the Lewis structures for 2 chlorine ions!
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LET’SFIRSTREVIEWIONICBONDING
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In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS
in ionic compounds.
FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK
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FK+ _
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FK+ _
The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions
and fluoride (F-) ions
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FK+ _
The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion
and the negative F- ion
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Sowhatarecovalentbonds?
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).
But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.
The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair
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Cl2
Chlorineforms
acovalent
bondwithitself
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ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?
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ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet
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ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.
What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?
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ClCl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cl
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Cl Cloctet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
octet
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the bonding pair
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is a single bonding pair
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
It is called a SINGLE BOND
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash
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Cl Cl
circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets
This is the chlorine molecule,
Cl2
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O2Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules
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How will two oxygen atoms bond?
OO
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OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.
So both atoms want to gain two electrons.
OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OO
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OOBoth electron pairs are shared.
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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons
= full octet
OO
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two bonding pairs,
OOmaking a double bond
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OO =For convenience, the double bond
can be shown as two dashes.
OO
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OO =This is the oxygen molecule,
O2this is so
cool!!
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COVALENT BONDbond formed by the sharing of electrons
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What is a covalent bond?
Atoms ___________ one or more electrons with each other to form the bond.
Each atom is left with a ________________ outer shell.
A covalent bond forms between two _________________.
Example 1: Hydrogen + Hydrogen Example 2: Hydrogen + Oxygen
SHARE
COMPLETE
NONMETALS
1. Dot and cross diagram2. Formula
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Covalent Bond
• Between nonmetallic elements of similar electronegativity.
• Formed by sharing electron pairs• They are not conductors at any state• Examples; O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC
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Now try the covalent bonding practice sheet