course outline- wood anatomy

8/3/2019 Course Outline- Wood Anatomy

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ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY1. Introductory Information:

a. School: School of Engineering & Information Technologyb. Department: Wood Technologyc. program: Undergraduate students

2. Prerequisite...NoneCourse name and code: Wood anatomy and identification (WSEng-2205)a. Course credit: 10 (4 lecture hours, 6 laboratory hours)b. Year & Semester: Second Year, First semester (2011/ 2012)

3. Instructor Name: Sanjay Kumar Gupta (M.Sc. in Wood Science & Technology)Email: [email protected]

Mobile: 0910384040

4. Course DescriptionThis course provides a thorough introduction to the structure of wood. This foundation is

fundamental to the study of wood as a material and prepares the student for future

courses dealing with the properties, uses and processing of wood. The course

introduces basic tree growth and wood formation, detailing both the macroscopic andmicroscopic anatomy of hardwoods and softwoods. Cell types, their organization and

variations are discussed. The main chemical components of wood and their organization

in the ultra-structure of the woody cell wall are covered. The laboratories cover the

macroscopic and microscopic identification of hardwoods and softwoods.

Course rationaleIn this course student will understand the structure of wood and according to their structure, thselect suitable wood for different end uses. The course equips students with basic knowlefurther studies in the field of wood technology.a. Objectives

Upon completion of this course students will be able to do the following:1. Understand the basic anatomy of softwood and hardwood2. Describe the processes by which wood is formed in trees3. Explain the structure and functions of the most important wood cell types4. Explain the nature of the fundamental chemical constituents of wood and how theirarrangement in wood cell wall influences wood properties

5. The students will possess the ability to identify commercial wood using microscopictechniques.

Teaching methods:Active learning (group discussion, quiz etc.) will be selectedwhich brings students to work together and report in group and individually.

Teaching materials: Necessary teaching material will selected in order to achievethe main target of the lesson or course.

Chapter 1. IntroductionWeek 1

1.1 Characteristic properties of wood1.2 Variability of wood Properties1.3 Wood as an industrial raw material


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1.4 Wood as a construction material1.5 Knowledge of wood and better use

Chapter 2. Tree Stem and Its GrowthWeak 2

2.1 The plant origin of wood2.2 Kinds of woody plants2.3 Parts of a tree2.4 Formation of stem2.4.1 Origin and development of wood2.4.2 Primary growth(Weak 3)2.4.3 Secondary growth2.4.4 Initiation of Secondary Growth2.4.5 Tissues in Secondary Growth

Chapter 3 Macroscopic structure of wood(Week 4)3.1 Growth increments3.1.1 Growth rings3.1.2 Heartwood and Sapwood3.2 Wood rays and resin ducts3.3 Principle plain in wood(Week 5)3.4 Differences between Softwoods and Hardwoods3.5 Appearance of timber in relation to its structure3.5.1 Texture

3.5.2 Figure3.5.3 Wood-knots3.5.4 Color

Chapter 4 Microscopic structure of softwood(Week 6)

4.1 Introduction4.2 Three dimensional surface of softwood4.3. Identifying features of softwoods4.3.1. Spiral thickenings

4.3.2. Pits and pit pairs4.3.3. Resin canals

(Weak 7)

4.3.4. Longitudinal parenchyma4.3.5. Rays4.3.5.1. Seriation of rays


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4.3.5.2. Fusiform rays4.3.5.3. Homogenous and heterogeneous rays4.3.6. Cross-field or ray crossing

Mid examination (on 8 th week of class beginning)

Chapter 5 Microscopic structure of hardwoods(Week 9)5.1 Introduction5.2 Differences between hardwood and softwood structure5.3 Hardwood cells5.3.1 Longitudinal cells5.3.1.1 Vessel elements5.3.1.1.1. Vessel arrangement5.3.1.1.2. End-to-end connection of vessel elements5.3.1.1.3. Side-to-side connection of vessels

(Week 10)5.3.1.1.4. Connection between vessels and other cells5.3.1.1.5. Tyloses5.3.1.2. Fiber5.3.1.3 Longitudinal parenchyma5.3.1.4 Other kinds of longitudinal cells5.3.2. Horizontal cells (Rays)5.3.2.1 Ray size5.3.2.2. Types of ray cells

Chapter 6 Juvenile and Reaction wood

(Week 11)

6.1 Introduction6.2 Juvenile wood

(Week 12)

6.3 Reaction wood6.3.1 Compression wood6.3.1.1 Properties6.3.1.2. Identification

(Week 13)


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6.3.2 Tension wood6.3.2.1. Properties6.3.2.2. Identification

Chapter 7 Wood identification(Week 14)

7.1 Introduction7.2 Wood surface7.3 Preparing the Wood Surface7.4 Separating Hardwoods from Softwoods7.5Hardwoods7.5.1 Growth Ring Pore Arrangement7.5.2Vessel (Pore) Arrangement

(Week 15)7.5.3 Wood Rays

7.5.4 Tyloses7.5.5 Parenchyma7.5.6 Color, Odor and Density7.6 Softwoods7.6.1 Resin Canals7.6.2 Growth Rings: Early wood and Latewood7.6.3 Color, Odor and Density

Final Examination after 16 weeks of class beginning

Assessment and Evaluation

Type % Number DateContinuousassessment:Quiz, Test,assignment,Lab etc

30 Different time dependingOn the volume of course

Distributedover thesemester

Mid exam 30 One time Week 8

Final exam 40 One time Week 16

Total 100

Exams:

The mid and final examination in this course will be based on lectures, text, andlaboratory work held during the formal learning period. The exam will include all type notonly the simplest one but also the highest level that measure critical thinking.


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Students requirements

i. Be on time to classii. Attendance should not be less than 90%.iii. Work in groupiv. Complete project on given time

References

1Forest products and wood science: an introduction, 3rd ed. John G. Haygreen and Jim

L. Bowyer

2.Science and technology of wood: structure, properties and utilization. George Tsomis

3.Text book of wood technology, 4th ed. A.J.Panshin and Carl de Zeeuw. McGraw-hill

book campany

4.The anatomy of wood, its diversity and variability. K.Wilson and D.J.B. White

course outline- wood anatomy

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