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Course Outline and Practical Details

Hydromechanics VVRN35

Hydromechanics VVRN35

January – May 2020

Information about the course is available at:

http://www.tvrl.lth.se/utbildning/courses/vvrn35/

Course Structure: Lectures (+ review of examples) 36 hrTutorials 18 hr

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Professor Magnus Larson(lectures and course coordinator)

Associate Professor Rolf Larsson(lectures)

Ph.D. Erik Nilsson(lectures, tutorials)

Teachers

The objective of the course is to provide a physicalunderstanding of phenomena and concepts in advanced water flows and to introduce calculation methods to analyze a number of important hydraulic problems.

The course deals mainly with free-surface flows with emphasis on open-channel hydraulics. Furthermore, similitude and dimensional analysis, flow around immersed bodies, and flow measurements are also dealt with in the course.

Course Objectives

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Detailed Course Content

• Experimental hydraulics. Models, similitude, and dimensionless numbers such as the Reynolds number and the Froude number. Dimensional analysis with Buckingham’s pi-theorem.

• Boundary layer theory. Surface drag and form drag.

• Open channel flow in general. The energy principle with specific energy, flow controls, critical flow, Froude number. The momentum principle with the hydraulic jump.

• Uniform channel flow with Manning’s formula and methods of calculation.

• Theory and analysis of gradually varied channel flow. Water surface profiles and numerical methods for the calculation of water depths. Spatial change of flow in channels. Practical views on channel design.

• Discharge measurements in channels. Weirs and flumes. Flow measurements in pipelines.

• Rapidly varied channel flow - bridge piers, control of the hydraulic jump.

Compulsory Assignments

• There are eight compulsory assignments that are similar to the problems solved during the tutorials.

• The assignments should be carried out in groups of two students and may be handed in to the teacher at will, although at latest before the written examination.

• The assignments should be written in a clear and sufficiently detailed manner, so that different assumptions and steps in the solutions can be easily understood and followed.

• The first page should contain the students’ names and the number of the assignment.

• Each assignment will be approved directly or returned for correction. Passing the course requires that all the assignments have been approved.

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Tutorials

Nine sessions are included in the course that focuses on solving problems in hydromechanics.

The students are encouraged to work on the problems themselves beforehand and use the time for consulting the instructor on specific questions related to the problems.

The tutorials are a complement to the lectures. There will also be a possibility, if time allows it, to ask questions on an individual basis concerning assignments or other tasks.

Literature

The literature is available at the Water Resources Engineering home page and consists of selected chapters from:

Vennard, J.K., Street, R.L. “Elementary Fluid Mechanics,” 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1982.

French, R. “Open channel hydraulics,” McGraw-Hill International Editions 1994.

Some material related to the tutorials and the assignment is handed out separately.

(Alternative to French (1994): Chaudhry, M.H. Open-Channel Flow. Springer, New York, 2008; download through Lund University Library site; link given in course outline)

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Literature

Selected chapters used

Examination

A written examination will be given at the end of the course (1st of June 8-13in Sparta A) consisting of five problems. A correctly solved problem yields2 points and the maximum score is 10 points, of which 5 are needed topass the course.

It is a closed-book exam where a hand-out with a comprehensive summaryof relevant equations, graphs, and tables will be provided.

The results from the written examination will bethe final grade of the course.

Office Hours

Various problems related to the course may be discussed with MagnusLarson, who is the course coordinator. His office is on the 2nd floor of theCivil Engineering Building.

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Lectures (Part I)

No. Date Time Room Contents

1. Mon 20.1 08-10 R2 Introduction, similitude anddimensional analysis I (ML)

2. Mon 27.1 08-10 R2 Similitude and dimensionalanalysis II (ML)

3. Thu 30.1 08-10 R2 Similitude and dimensionalanalysis III (ML)

4. Thu 6.2 08-10 R2 Pressure and friction drag I (EN)

5. Mon 10.2 08-10 R2 Pressure and friction drag II, boundary layers (EN)

6. Thu 13.2 08-10 R2 Channel flow general, theenergy principle I (RL)

7. Thu 20.2 08-10 R2 The energy principle II (RL)

8. Mon 24.2 08-10 R2 The energy principle III (RL)

9. Thu 27.2 08-10 R2 The momentum principle (RL)

Lectures (Part II)

10. Thu 5.3 08-10 R2 Uniform channel flow,basic concepts, computation of uniform channel flow (RL)

11. Wed 25.3 08-10 R2 Computation of uniform flow,Gradually varied channel flow I (ML)

12. Wed 1.4 08-10 R2 Gradually varied channel flowII (ML)

13. Wed 8.4 08-10 R2 Gradually varied channel flowIII (ML)

14. Wed 29.4 08-10 R2 Flow measurements I (ML)

15. Wed 6.5 08-10 R2 Flow measurements II (ML)

16. Wed 13.5 08-10 R2 Channel design (ML)

17. Mon 18.5 08-10 R2 Rapidly varied flow (ML)

18. Wed 20.5 08-10 R2 Course summary (ML)

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Tutorials

No. Date Time Room Sample Problems

1. Mon 3.2 08-10 R2 8.2, 8.14, 8.25, 8.43, 8.52,8.61 (V&S)

2. Mon 17.2 08-10 R2 13.25, 13.32, 13.42, 13.47(V&S), 11.24 (extra)

3. Mon 2.3 08-10 R2 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5 (F)

4. Mon 23.3 08-10 R2 2.7, 2.12, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 3.14 (F)14.379 (extra)

5. Mon 30.3 08-10 R2 5.4, 5.10, 5.18, 5.25, 5.28 (F)

6. Mon 6.4 08-10 R2 6.3, 6.8 (F)

7. Mon 27.4 08-10 R2 6.10, 6.13 (F), A1 (extra)

8. Mon 4.5 08-10 R2 9.7 (extra), 14.326 (extra)

9. Mon 11.5 08-10 R2 8.1, 8.6, 8.8 (F), 11.50, 11.68,11.80, 11.85 (V&S)

V&S = Vennard & Street; F = French; extra = exercises handed out

CONTENTS OF LECTURES

No. Content

1. Similitude and dimensional analysis I: ch 8, beginning of ch 8.1 (V&S), ch 1.5, 14.1 (F)

2. Similitude and dimensional analysis II: ch 8.1, 8.2 (V&S), ch 14.3, 14.4 (F)

3. Dimensional analysis III: ch 8.2, 8.3, 9.6 (V&S)

4. Pressure and friction drag I: ch 13.1, 13.2 (V&S)

5. Pressure and friction drag II, boundary layers: ch 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6 (V&S)

6. Open channel flow, general: ch 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (p 11-14, 22-23, 24-29) (F)

The energy principle I: ch 2.1 (F)

7. The energy principle II: ch 2.2, 2.3 (F)

8. The energy principle III: ch 2.3 continued, 2.4 (p 59-60), examples 2.7, 2.8

9. The momentum principle: ch 3.1, 3.2, (p 78-80, 86-87, 89-95) (F)

10. Uniform flow: ch 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 (notice tables p 125-130) (F)

Computation of uniform flow: ch 5.1 (not p 167-171), 5.2 (F)

11. Computation of uniform flow: ch 5.3 (p 176-178), 5.4 (F)

Gradually varied channel flow I: ch 6.1, 6.2 (F)

12. Gradually varied channel flow II: ch 6.3 (up to p 237) (F)

13. Gradually varied channel flow III: ch 6.4, 6.5 (F)

14. Flow measurements I: ch 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 (F)

15. Flow measurements II: ch 8.4, 8.5, (F), 11.11, 11.12, 11.13 (V&S)

16. Channel design: ch 7 (F)

17. Rapidly varied channel flow: ch 9.1, 9.2 (up to p 397), ch 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 (F)

18. Course summary: Review of all chapters

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Similitude and Dimensional Analysis

Hydraulic models, similitude, dimensionless numbers, Buckingham’s -theorem.

Boundary Layer Theory

Surface drag and form drag.

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Uniform Channel Flow

The energy principle with specific energy, flow controls, critical flow, Froude number. The momentum principle with the hydraulic jump. Manning’s formula and methods of calculation.

Gradually Varied Channel Flow

Water surface profiles and numerical methods for the calculation of water depth and velocity. Spatial change of flow in channels. Practical views on channel design.

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Rapidly Varied Channel Flow

Bridge piers, control of the hydraulic jump.

Flow Measurements

Weirs and flumes. Measurements in pipelines.

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Home Page, Water Resources Engineering:

www.tvrl.lth.se