course book. goldstein. sensation and perception exams two mid-terms 1½ hours each multiple choice...

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rse book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception ms o mid-terms 1½ hours each ltiple choice + short notes d-of-term 2-3 hours %; 30% and 40% (best counted as 40%) not registered, go to office = Adria Hoover oom: 1022 Sherman Health Research Cent ffice Hrs: by appointment hone: 416-736-2100 ext 4088 mail: [email protected] tructor = Prof Laurence Harris oom: 1018 Sherman Health Research Centr mail: [email protected] hone: 416-736-2100 ext 66108 l free to interrupt with questions of web page and email http://www.yorku.ca/harris/222

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• Course book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception• exams•two mid-terms 1½ hours each•multiple choice + short notes•end-of-term 2-3 hours•30%; 30% and 40% (best counted as 40%)

• if not registered, go to office• TA = Adria Hoover• Room: 1022 Sherman Health Research Centre• Office Hrs: by appointment• Phone: 416-736-2100 ext 4088• Email: [email protected]

• Instructor = Prof Laurence Harris• Room: 1018 Sherman Health Research Centre• email: [email protected]• phone: 416-736-2100 ext 66108

• feel free to interrupt with questions• use of web page and email http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220

Timetable for 2220 (2011)

1 Jan 4 <-- intro2 Jan 113 Jan 184 Jan 255 Feb 1 <-- midterm 16 Feb 87 Feb 15

Feb 22 reading week8 March 19 March 8 <-- midterm 210 March 1511 March 2212 March 29

TBA <-- Final exam

PSYCH 2220Perception

Introduction

http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220

WHAT IS PERCEPTION?Awareness of

worldobjectspeopleself

Depends onsensory INbut also memory

FIELDS CALLED UPON IN THIS COURSE

Natural HistoryArtBiologyMedicinePhilosophyPhysicsNeuroscienceAnatomyBiochemistry

Painting byModigliani

Penguin

MODULAR ORGANIZATION

patternplacedepthcolourmovement

Photos by Edward Muybridge

Theories about how these are put together

DEVELOPMENT

PSYCH 2220Perception

Lecture 1

ELECTRO-MAGNETICRADIATION

MECHANICAL

CHEMICAL

(X-rays…)Ultra-violetvisible lightinfra-red(radio waves..)

airwaves Ultra-soundhearing rangevery-low freqs

From outside

From inside

In mouth

From same species

From outside

From inside

some insectshuman visionpit viper

bats, dophins, ratshuman hearingwhales, frogs

touch, pain

Lateral line of fishesvestibular organproprioception

pheromones, smell

smell

taste

pressure

In air

Bee’s view of a flower – markings visible only because different parts of the petal

reflect ultra-violet rays differently.

THE PIT

Pit Viper

Moth

PhysicalWorld

Sense Organs

Brain Perception

Eyemovements

Point eyesto rightplace

Accommodation

focus

PupilsLight

Adaptation

Adjust for the lightlevel

Transduction

Convertlight energyto activityin cells

Focusing and accommodation

ACCOMMODATIONfine tuning of focus by the lens

REMEMBER: mostof the refractionoccurs here at theCORNEA

DISTANTOBJECT

CLOSE

OBJECT

eg. star

The eye and its optics 4 - 4

SHORT SIGHTED

DISTANTOBJECTeg. star

Even the relaxed lens is too strong. The rays arefocused in front of the retina!

DISTANTOBJECT

eg. star

The CONCAVE lens makes the rays DIVERGE, thuscompensating for the unwanted strength of the eye's optics.

The eye and its optics 4 - 5

(Myopia)

LONG SIGHTED

The fully-contracted lens cannot get strong enough. Therays are focused behind the retina!

The CONVEX lens helps the rays CONVERGE, thusassisting the inadequate strength of the eye's optics.

CLOSE

OBJECT

CLOSE

OBJECT

The eye and its optics 4 - 6

(Hyperopia)

Lens in the eye of aWATER-LIVINGanimal

Most of the refractiontakes place at theair/water boundary ofthe CORNEA in theair

No refraction takes placeat the water/waterboundary of the CORNEAin the water

Lens in the eye ofan AIR-LIVINGanimal

AIR LIVING WATER LIVING

1 put on a mask that keeps air in front of cornea

2 rely on a STRONG lens that can change from air-living to water living eg: otter

3 Have a FLAT cornea (to remove its influence) and then use a WATER-LIVING style lens eg. Penguin, flying fish

4 Have two pairs of eyes - one for each environment eg. Four-eyed fish

5 Use a WATER-LIVING style lens in the water and bi-pass the cornea by using a PIN HOLE pupil on land eg. seal

DIVING ANIMALS

Air Type

Water Type

Penguin

Flying fish

Four-eyed fish

Four-eyed fish

Pupils and light adaptation

Photo taken througha LARGE aperture

shallow depth of field

(only one distance isin focus)

Photo taken througha SMALL aperture

long depth of field

(lots of distances arein focus)

Structure of eye and retina