coupling dairy manure anaerobic digesters with commercial greenhouses – an assessment of technical...
DESCRIPTION
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67727 Despite all of the positive environmental benefits of anaerobic digestion, the economics are not sufficient for widespread adoption by US farmers when selling surplus power to the grid. Often farms are only paid the wholesale price (2 to 3 cents/kWh) for electricity, making it difficult to justify generating it in the first place. In addition, typically in the Northeast, approximately 40% of the energy from a digester goes unused (excess heat). Therefore, promising value-added technology/business partnerships need to be evaluated and demonstrated, such as partnering anaerobic digestion with commercial greenhouses. Presentation by: Curt GoochTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial
Greenhouses
Curt Gooch, PE
Tim Shelford, Ph.D.
From Waste to Worth, April 4, 2012
![Page 2: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• Funding for this project provided by the USDA Hatch formula funds
• Some equipment from NYSERDA
• Three year project with an overall goal of encouraging dairy Anaerobic Digester/commercial greenhouse synergies.
2
![Page 3: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
• Anaerobic Digestion in NY
• Greenhouse/Cogeneration synergies
• Greenhouse considerations
– Power, Heat and CO2 requirements
– Food Hub Model
• Project objectives
3
![Page 4: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anaerobic Digestion Growth in NYS
4
![Page 5: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
On-Farm Anaerobic Digestion in New York State – Current Status
Operating and generating power: 17
Operating and not generating power: 2
Currently down for service: 2
Under construction: 3 (two in start up stage)
Planning/signed RPS: 15
Decommissioned: 5
Of the operating systems:
• 15 Eng-gen sets (5,395-kW)
• 0 Microturbines 5
![Page 6: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Electrical Power from AD Cogeneration
• NYS power sales through remote net metering
• Farms in NYS get the avoided cost rate for their surplus power, typically < $0.03/kWh
• Maintenance costs on generation equipment can be $0.015 to $0.022 / kWh.
• No incentive to improve biogas production or generation efficiencies.
• Greenhouses are able to utilize excess energy on-site.
6
![Page 7: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Waste heat from Cogeneration40% average heat dumped to atmosphere
7
![Page 8: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Greenhouse/Power Generation Synergies
8
![Page 9: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Greenhouse/Digester System
9Scott, N.R., Rutzke, C.J., and L.D. Albright. 2005. Energy Conversion Options for Energy-efficient Controlled Environment
Agriculture. HortScience Vol. 40(2):287-292.
![Page 10: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Complementary Power Use
10
-AA Dairy is a 600 cow dairy, in Candor NY-Summer power usage is cooling
-CEA Greenhouse is a 1/5 acre facility-Winter power usage is primarily supplemental lighting
![Page 11: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Greenhouse Lighting
-70% of the light for growing comes from the sun in Ithaca
11
-Shade control in the summer is also a critical control
-Supplemental lighting can provide up to 30% of the required winter heating load
![Page 12: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Tip-burn in Lettuce
-Physiological disorder due to too rapid growth
-Renders the product unsalable
-Common in summer months with too much light
![Page 13: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Greenhouse CO2 Supplementation
13
![Page 14: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Greenhouse CO2 Supplementation
14
![Page 15: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Greenhouse CO2 Supplementation
15
![Page 16: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
-Greenhouses typically heated to:66 to 75 F(19 to 24 C)
-Can cost $10-$20 per
square foot per year (heat+power) in upstate NY
Greenhouse Heating
16
![Page 17: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Food Hub Operations Model
17
One of the main reasons smaller greenhouse operations fail is that it’s difficult to support an expert grower, and maintain all of the necessary infrastructure for food
safety certification.
![Page 18: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Food Hub Operations Model
18
One option for overcoming this obstacle is to use a centralized or Hub model of operations (Fingerlakes Fresh). In this model seedlings are grown at a centralized facility until they are
ready to be transplanted to their final planting density.
![Page 19: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Food Hub Operations Model
19
The time of critical care for optimal production is during the seedling stage which can be overseen by a single expert grower.
![Page 20: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Centralized seedling production, harvesting and packaging
20
Once ready for harvest the plants are trucked back to the centralized
harvesting and packaging plant for processing.
From here the produce from multiple
greenhouses can be shipped out to larger
distributors or directly to grocery chains.
![Page 21: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Project Objectives:
1. Develop and validate an analytical energy model of Dairy AD
2. Develop and validate an analytical energy model of commercial greenhouse production
3. Combine the two models4. Use the combined model to investigate several
“what if” scenarios5. Perform an economic analysis of these scenarios6. Distribute the results of the analyses and other
related educational materials
21
![Page 22: Coupling Dairy Manure Anaerobic Digesters with Commercial Greenhouses – An assessment of Technical and Economic Feasibility](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081513/559dbc201a28ab7d018b45e6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Acknowledgements:
• USDA• Anaerobic Digester Partners:
-Roach Dairy, Venice Center, NY
-Stonyvale Farms, Exeter, ME
-Sunnyside Dairy, Venice, NY
-Synergy Dairy, Covington, NY
• Greenhouse Partners:-Durham Foods, Port Perry, ON
-Fingerlakes Fresh (Challenge Industries), Ithaca, NY
-Gotham Greens, Brooklyn, NY
22