county gis applications what is the potential scope of county gis? valdis kalnins and larry sullivan...

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County GIS Applications County GIS Applications What is the potential scope of County GIS? What is the potential scope of County GIS? Valdis Kalnins and Valdis Kalnins and Larry Sullivan Larry Sullivan Michigan Counties Association Michigan Counties Association of Mapping Professionals of Mapping Professionals Boyne Highlands, Michigan Boyne Highlands, Michigan September 11th - 12th, 2003 September 11th - 12th, 2003 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T 1 7 T H S T K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R K A R E N D R J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D J U S T I N R D S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R S L A T E R D R M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N M E L A N I E L N J U S T I N C T J U S T I N C 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053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 053-00 70 71 56 41 ROW 20 6 18 19 8 12 21 38 46 47 37 22 4 5 45 39 42 40 55 75 74 24 23 1 2 3 51 50 49 35 36 34 48 9 10 7 13 11 16 14 17 15 ROW 32 54 52 53 30 31 29 27 28 26 33 25 222 -HIDDEN FO REST ESTA TES #2 220 -HIDDEN FO REST ESTA TES #1 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 144.75 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 195.43 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 116.50 15 NE

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County GIS ApplicationsCounty GIS ApplicationsWhat is the potential scope of County GIS?What is the potential scope of County GIS?

Valdis Kalnins andValdis Kalnins and

Larry SullivanLarry Sullivan

Michigan Counties AssociationMichigan Counties Association

of Mapping Professionalsof Mapping Professionals

Boyne Highlands, MichiganBoyne Highlands, Michigan

September 11th - 12th, 2003September 11th - 12th, 2003

1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E1 4 3 R D A V E

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K A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D RK A R E N D R

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J U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C TJ U S T I N C T

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County Departments using GIS

CURRENT GIS USE BY DEPARTMENT(Based on 40 responses to county GIS survey)

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GIS Application Categories - Core

Create, view and print maps Point and click information retrieval from a map.

– What is the tax assessment on this parcel?– How far is it from the street to this house?

Select features based on a set of criteria– Which owners live within 500 feet of this zoning change?– Which wells have been tested in the last year?

Distribution mapping– What is the distribution of parcels in this years sales study?– What areas of the county are hot-spots for crime?

Site investigation– Which sites are suitable for a waste water treatment plant?– Which part of this parcel is suitable for development?

GIS Application Categories - Advanced

Linking databases using geographic location– What is the parcel number for this address?– Who should be dispatched to the location of a cell phone call?

Facilitate communication and decision making– Is this zoning change compatible with surrounding land use?– Where should road-blocks and detours be set-up?

Resource tracking, management and status display.– Where are all of the on-duty police cars?– Which roads have been plowed?

Navigation and routing– What is the best way to get to this location?– What area can a fire truck reach in five minutes?

Worksheet Format - Complete the Sentence:

General Activity #1– Specific Case #1

Notes

– Specific Case #2 General Activity #2

– Etc.

A county can use GIS in the(Insert Department)

To...

Note: In many cases a listed activity may occur in one of several departments. In the interest of brevity, each activity has only been

listed once in the department most likely to engage in it.

Equalization Department

Maintain Tax Maps– Map splits and maintain annotation (dimensions, lot #s, etc.)

Ensure Quality Control of Tax Database– Verify school district coding

Compare coded school district in tax database to digitized school boundaries.

– Parcel acreage verification Compare parcel acreage in tax database with GIS calculated acreage.

– Verify property class coding Ex. Subdivision lots classified as AG parcels.

Conduct Sales Studies– Thematically map or stratify sales by class, amount, type, etc.– Facilitate picking sales for equalization studies– Estimate average land values– Neighborhood analysis

Equalization Department

Assist in Property Appraising– Create site maps for field work

Overlay aerials with parcels, dimensions, soils, wetlands, topography, etc. to help calculate economic condition factors.

Minimize Tax Evasion– Check homestead exemption claims

Sign on by Oct. 1st.

– Check for new construction without permit Compare aerials from multiple dates to look for changes in buildings.

Document Retrieval and Organization– Click on or select from a map rather than using a text

interface to access documents and information

Equalization Department

Facilitate Tax Reporting– Calculate land values of tax exempt parcels

Maintain Other GIS Layers– Use source documents to maintain layers other than

parcels (ex. addresses, roads, school districts, plats, drainage easements, building footprints, etc.)

Generate Products for Sale– Print tax maps with aerial and other overlays– Create a plat book for the county– Mailing Lists

Some Key Layers:– Parcels, dimensions, lots, sections, section corners, right

of ways, annotation

911 Dispatch

Locate Emergency Calls/Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)– On-screen locating and mapping of incoming emergency calls

Extremely important for locating cell phone calls.

Locate and Dispatch Emergency Vehicles– On-screen tracking of emergency vehicles using GPS enabled

Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) technology Assists in selecting and dispatching nearest available resources - works in

conjunction with CAD.

– Maintain optimal distribution of resources during emergencies Temporarily reposition available emergency vehicles to fill gaps in service created by

emergencies that cluster and occupy multiple units.

Assign and Verify Addresses and Road Names– Assign addresses that are based on distance– Verify that addresses and road names are unique

911 Dispatch

Select Optimal Sites for Emergency Facilities– Communications tower site selection

Quickly identify candidate sites based on acreage, soil type and geographic location. Determine crumple zones for towers. Conduct viewshed analysis to see if towers will be able to “see” each other and the terrain below.

– Calculate response times for existing and proposed facilities Attribute roads with length and speed, then conduct a network analysis to see how

far vehicles can respond in a given time interval.

– Analyze supply and demand Determine if emergency facilities are correctly sited relative to the locations of

incoming calls and population.

Track Locations of Individuals with Specific Needs – Medical, homebound, mentally disabled, on oxygen, etc.

Create a Paper Road Map and Road Index for Emergency Vehicles

911 Dispatch

Emergency Vehicle Routing– Optimize routing of emergency vehicles in consideration

of current road conditions Take into consideration construction zones, detours, collapsed bridges, plowed

roads, flooded areas etc.

Obtain Data and Generate Maps for Reports– Area of service district, miles of road, locations of calls,

etc. Some Key Layers:

– Roads, addresses, aerials, recognized names, emergency service areas and facilities (ambulance, fire, police), emergency resources (hydrants, fire breaks), building plans, utilities, hazards Addresses can be stored either as address ranges tied to a road segment or as

individual point locations.

Planning Department

Manage Zoning Process– Evaluate proposed zoning changes

Create paper maps or live presentations showing proposed changes in relation to surrounding areas. GIS allows for the easy assembly of all relevant information related to a site and ultimately leads to better decision making.

– Create and distribute zoning change notices Embed GIS generated map in notice and generate mailing list from an on-screen

selection of mapped properties using buffers or proximity filters as needed.

Assist with Planning Studies– Traffic Flow studies– Build-out analysis– Land use studies– Natural features inventories– Demographic studies– Parking Needs Assessment

Planning Department

Comprehensive Growth Management Planning– Conduct analysis and generate maps for county master

plan Document Retrieval and Organization

– Link zoning ordinances, documents and related information to map features to provide easier access to information

Some Key Layers:– Parcels, zoning, master plan, soils, floodplains,

topography, land use, census, infrastructure (utilities, all season roads), aerials

Drain Commission

Assess Parcels in Drainage Districts– Calculate parcel acreage

Cut out parcels using watershed boundaries and calculate acreage for parcels in the drain district to be assessed. Calculate acreage of MDOT right of ways.

– Calculate runoff coefficients for parcels Use land-use, soils, photos, slope and proximity to drain variables to factor

assessments

Locate New Drains and Drainage Districts– Create preliminary site plans for proposed drains

Conduct flow modeling from a digital elevation model to determine the direction of flow for surface runoff. Use this information to site new drains.

– Locate natural drainage boundaries for new drains Conduct a watershed analysis using a digital elevation model to determine

locations of naturally occurring watershed boundaries.

Drain Commission

Facilitate Communication with the Public– Resolve drainage disputes

Show land owners how they are being assessed using the surface runoff model (topography) and watershed boundaries overlaid on a parcel layer.

– Create presentation maps for public hearings Show where work will be done and who will be impacted.

Track Locations and Status of Issued Permits– Soil erosion, pollution discharge, etc.

Track Locations and Status of Point and Non-Point Source Pollution Discharge– Correlate information with water sampling and display in

map format

Drain Commission

Record GPS’ed Locations of Underground Features– Relocate tile drains, storm sewers, underground pipes,

etc. quickly and easily Establish and Monitor Drain Maintenance Tasks

– Identify drains that need to be inspected– Plan field work and prepare field maps– Record location, dates and types of maintenance activity

Identify in GIS drains that have been cleaned and dredged, culverts that have been replaced, etc.

Plan and Monitor Storm Water Retention Systems Some Key Layers:

– Drains, watershed boundaries, hydrology, topography, aerials surface flow, dams, floodplains, slope, soils, high-risk erosion areas

Sheriff / Drug Enforcement

Reduce Traffic Accidents– Track accidents by location and type– Identify accident prone areas

Dangerous intersections and curves, wildlife crossings, areas prone to speeding. These locations can be correlated to traffic counts to see if they are statistically significant or not.

– Assess the effectiveness of remedial action Reduce Crime

– Track crime by location and type– Identify crime hot-spots and crime patterns

Clustered burglaries, marijuana growing, meth labs etc.

– Assess the effectiveness of remedial actions DARE, neighborhood watch, increased speed enforcement, etc.

Sheriff / Drug Enforcement

Coordinate Search, Rescue and Recovery Efforts– Generate maps for planning and conducting searches and

exercises Include military or other grid to make maps compatible with GPS coordinate

readings. This will facilitate communication between all units involved (ground, air and marine).

– Overlay GPS’ed paths of search crews to track areas searched.

Provide Information for Investigations– Support research and surveillance activities

Provide aerials photos of site; topography to show infiltration routes and high spots for surveillance; property ownership; distance measurements; known area felons; historical crime activity (burglaries, marijuana growing, methamphetamine labs) etc.

– Look-up parcel ownership records for search warrants.

Sheriff / Drug Enforcement

Provide Support for Tactical Response– Support rapid decision making and action planning

Quickly view aerials, topography, building plans, infrastructure, photos, etc. during hostage situations, standoff’s, building evacuations, bomb threats, etc.

Track locations of permit and license holders– Firearms, explosives, dogs, etc.

Facilitate Drug Enforcement– Maintain historical spatial database with drug-related

arrests, known dealers, marijuana growing locations, drug free zones around schools, etc. Use information to target drug abuse programs and enforcement activities.

Some Key Layers:– Roads, addresses, parcels, aerials, topography, schools,

drug free zones, crime locations, accident locations, building schematics

Clerk

Facilitate Voter Registration– Submit new roads and road changes to the Michigan

Center for Geographic Information Support Election Process

– Generate election maps Voting locations, district and precinct boundaries, election results, etc.

– Estimate ballots needed Use district and precinct boundaries to query census data.

– Evaluate distribution of polling locations relative to voters Establish Voter Precincts

– Tabulate population from census data to evaluate different precinct scenarios

Clerk

Evaluate Redistricting Proposals– Tabulate population and voter records to evaluate

different redistricting scenarios Maintain Cemetery Records

– Link database to map to locate plots– Generate cemetery maps showing plot availability

Some Key Layers:– Roads, addresses, census tracts, political and municipal

boundaries, precinct boundaries, school districts, polling locations

Treasury

Facilitate Tax Certification of Deeds– Check for delinquent taxes on-screen

Link delinquent tax database with parcel layer to see which parcels of land have delinquent taxes.

Manage Tax Delinquent Properties– Track and locate forfeitures and foreclosures– Generate maps for foreclosed property tax sales

Show location, zoning, aerial, etc.

– Send letters of notification to surrounding property owners Select adjacent owners by buffering foreclosed property, embed or attach site

map to letter.

– Track down delinquent taxpayers

Treasury

Tax Abatement– Maintain locations and boundaries of special tax zones

Brownfields, downtown development authorities, commercial forests, industrial parks, enterprise zones, renaissance zones, PA 116’s, annexations, etc.

Some Key Layers:– Parcels, splits, roads, addresses, municipal boundaries,

tax zone boundaries

Administration

Generate a County Report Card– Compile data and maps from a wide variety of sources to

track the health of the county. Include community surveys, crime, health, roads, census, etc.

Support Decision Making on County-wide Projects– Track locations and status of county facilities and assets– Evaluate new infrastructure development

Preliminary site and impact studies for jails, buildings, roads, public water and sewer, landfills, etc.

Print Decorative Wall Maps for Offices and Corridors

Generate Promotional Material Generate Maps for the Public Media

Public / Environmental Health

Track and Monitor Wells– Record location of new wells with GPS and link to well log

data– Create maps showing sampling results, well depths, well

types– Generate groundwater flow models– Administer wellhead protection program

Track and Monitor Sites of Concern– Track location, extent and status of hazardous waste

storage facilities, contaminated soils, underground storage tanks, polluted water, manure lagoons, etc.

– Plan and evaluate remediation action– Identify populations, wells and surface water in close

proximity to these sites that could be at risk.

Public / Environmental Health

Aid in Septic Permitting– Create site maps showing soils to assist in locating and

recording soil percolation testing sites and results– Flag pending / proposed splits that do not meet minimum

acreage requirements for septic systems Track, Schedule and Coordinate Inspections

– Restaurants, campgrounds, day care centers, etc. Use location maps to plan and improve efficiency of inspections.

Target Populations Needing Services– Determine where health department clientele are coming

from– Identify optimal sites for providing health care services and

conducting programs Vaccination clinics, blood drives, special health programs, education campaigns,

mobile services, outreach, additional facilities, etc.

Public / Environmental Health

Track the Outbreak and Spread of Diseases– West Nile, swimmers itch, encephalitis, STD’s, cancer,

SARS, hepatitis, etc. Plan and Respond to Bioterrorism

– Optimize locations of smallpox vaccination centers relative to population

– Track outbreaks and monitor response Assign School Districts

– Match addresses to school districts for program administration Ex. Baby Links

Some Key Layers:– Parcels, addresses, wells, septic systems, school districts,

hydrology, soils, aerials, wetlands

Facilities / Public Works

Track and Manage Facilities and Infrastructure– Map locations of sewer, water, cable, fiber, gas, power,

communications and parking infrastructure.– Schedule and record routine and emergency maintenance– Calculate GPS coordinates for infrastructure to assist in

relocation Manage Waste Disposal

– Map extent of landfills and monitor volume with GPS– Optimize routes of waste collection vehicles– Find suitable sites for new landfills

Store and Retrieve Plans and Drawings– Scan and register engineering and architectural drawings

to aerials and building footprints Generate Building Evacuation Wall Maps

Facilities / Public Works

Develop Preliminary Site and Infrastructure Plans– Plan modifications to existing facilities and locations for

new facilities and infrastructure– Delineate existing and proposed service areas to assist in

cost benefit analysis– Easily compare and evaluate different development

scenarios Analyze and Predict Future Demand

– Evaluate population trends by location to anticipate future demand for facilities and infrastructure

Create Display Maps for Public Meetings Some Key Layers:

– Parcels, roads, facilities, utilities, addresses, contours, soils, census

Road Commission

Manage Road Related Assets– Map locations of roads, bridges, culverts right of ways and

other infrastructure. Attribute road segments with functional classification; surface type; seasonal

restrictions; weight limits, plowing priority, etc.

– Schedule, manage and track road repairs, paving, grading etc. Optimize Snow Plowing

– Use GPS enable automated vehicle location (AVL) to track real-time snow plowing efforts and direct plows as needed

– Ensure that roads are plowed and kept clear in order of priority

– Quickly locate and dispatch assistance to stuck vehicles– Link roads with historic snow-related traffic accidents to help

establish order of priority – Link roads with wetlands to establish no-salt zones

Road Commission

Provide Information to the Public via Internet– Create website with map showing locations of current and

proposed road projects with detours– Create website with map that allows public to locate and

notify road commission of problems (potholes, fallen trees, road kill, etc.)

Store and Retrieve Plans and Drawings– Scan and register engineering drawings to aerials and

road segments Create County Road Maps and Street Index Create Display Maps for Public Meetings Some Key Layers:

– Roads, road infrastructure, hydrology, topography, right of ways

Register of Deeds

Document Retrieval and Organization– Click on or select from a map rather than using a text

interface to access documents and information– Create and manage a parcel tract index

Verify Legal Descriptions– Check for errors and closure prior to recording

Review Site Condos and Subdivision Plats– Check for uniqueness of names– Scan site plans and register to parcel layer

Provides an easy way to capture lot information, easement locations, utilities, roads, road names, lot numbers, etc.

Track Status of Remonumentation Program Some Key Layers:

– Parcels, subdivisions, tracts, municipal boundaries

IT / IS

Map Computer Network Infrastructure Enhance Public Access via Web Mapping

– Facilitate search and retrieval of county data through interactive or static maps on the internet Ex. Address search; tax maps; zoning; parcel information; road conditions;

school districts, etc.

Identify Infrastructure for Link Michigan

Emergency Management

Track Hazardous Sites– Track and monitor locations of chemical storage facilities

(farm, commercial and industrial), fuel tanks, animal waste, tire piles, etc.

Identify Locations of Critical Infrastructure– Bridges, dams, utilities, rail lines, highways, key facilities

(government, schools, emergency service, power generation) Hazard Mitigation Planning

– Evaluate multiple scenarios and develop mitigation plans based on probable sequences of events Assess the likely impact areas for population and structures. Determine optimal

siting for road blocks, evacuation routes, decontamination centers, etc.

– Assemble portfolio for potential disaster areas Link aerials, site plans, building schematics, photos and other materials in GIS to

allow for rapid retrieval during event.

Emergency Management

Manage Disasters– Identify area affected by a tornado, flood, fire, spill or

leak– Generate maps showing current and predicted spread and

dispersion– Rapidly prioritize response given adjacent population,

structures and hazards identified in GIS Ex. During forest fire, identify near-by population clusters, buildings, storage

tanks for flammable materials and utility infrastructure to plan evacuations, set-up road blocks and determine critical places to set up fire lines.

– Generate field maps to aid field crews in hazard response– Monitor status of various response measures

Ex. Indicate when proposed road blocks, fire lines, decontamination centers become operational; show which homes have been evacuated; etc.

Emergency Management

Assess and Report Damage– Record damaged structures reported by field crews and

tally assessed values.– Generate maps for final reports

Evaluate Response to Hazard Event– Look at maps and timelines to see how effective a

response was Some Key Layers:

– Parcels, roads, addresses, aerials, hydrology, topography, soils, hazardous sites, critical infrastructure, utilities

Economic Development

Create and Maintain a Portfolio of Available Sites– Compile aerial, parcel, tax, zoning, infrastructure and

environmental information for site and surrounding area. – Include vacant, industrial, commercial and brownfields.– Make available with a search engine on the web.

Provide Easy Access to Demographic Data– Provide census, demographic, labor and housing data and

information for communities in map format. Assist with Infrastructure Development and Site

Selection– Conduct preliminary studies for water and sewer projects.– Quickly find locations that meet certain criteria.

Ex: Find parcel with the following characteristics: Zoned commercial, at least 40 acres in size, within 1 mile of water and sewer, less than 10 miles from nearest highway interchange, adjacent to all season road.

Economic Development

Create and Maintain Business Directory– Track business type, employees, ownership, etc.

Some Key Layers:– Census, parcels, roads, aerials, hydrology, topography,

soils, infrastructure, utilities

Prosecutor / Courts

Print Large Format Maps for Court Exhibits Maintain sex-offenders registry

– Make maps available on the internet. Enforce Probation and House Arrest

– Match offender’s residence with with probation officers.– Monitor locations of offenders on GPS enabled tethers.

Schedule Community Service– Match offender’s residence with available community service

locations and needs. Facilitate Jury Selection Process

– Generate mailing addresses for Jury selection.– Evaluate distribution of jurors.

Some Key Layers:– Addresses, school districts

Pest / Animal / Environmental Control

Monitor Distributions of Pests and Invasive Species– Map affected areas and locations.

Ex: Gypsy moths, mosquitoes (West Nile Virus), Emerald Ash Borer, purple loosestrife, zebra mussels, water fowl, etc.

– Monitor changes in distribution and calculate rates of spread. Plan, Manage and Evaluate Abatement Programs

– Identify aerial spray blocks, sites and targets for abatement.– Generate mailing lists to notify property owners in targeted

areas.– Identify sites and properties for special consideration.

Ex: environmentally sensitive areas, no-spray zones, objectors, schools, etc.

– Identify parcels in application area for special tax assessment.– Provide maps and coordinates to applicators and field workers.

Pest / Animal / Environmental Control

Track Owners of Exotic Species– Keep registry of exotic species ownership

Ex: Game farms, mountain lions, alligators, snakes, wild boars, etc.

Facilitate Dog Census Some Key Layers:

– Addresses, parcels, tall structures, environmentally sensitive areas, schools

Parks and Recreation

Create and Maintain Parks and Recreation Maps– Create maps and brochures for individual parks showing

campsites, trails, public access, etc.– Create county-wide map showing campgrounds, golf

courses, trails, public access sites and other recreational facilities.

Manage Campground Reservations– Link maps with reservations database and post on the

internet.– Keep track of nuisance campers.

Track Parks and Recreation Facility Use– Summarize information on facility use in map format.– Find out who is using parks.

Link use permit information / surveys with zip code map.

– Find out which campsites are most popular.

Parks and Recreation

Track Maintenance and Improvement Tasks– Track work orders and improve coordination of maintenance.

Improve Parks and Recreation Opportunities– Maintain map showing all public lands, utility corridors, rail

corridors, conservancy owned properties.– Identify candidate parcels and corridors for acquisition to

improve parks and recreation network.– Conduct preliminary site analysis for development.

Create Concept Maps for New Facilities– Produce maps for grant applications to create new parks,

trails and other facilities.– Produce maps for public meetings and workshops.

Some Key Layers:– Parcels, trails, roads, campsites, land use, zoning, population