2014 09 19 14:05:03

Country profile Education GPSTHE WORLD OF EDUCATION AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

The following list displays indicators for which your selected country shows the highest and lowest values among countries. The list can be sorted by level of education or by age

group. All rankings are calculated including available data from OECD and partner countries. .

France

. Some 40% of 25-34 year-olds in France have attained a higher level of education than their parents (compared with the average of 32% across the

OECD countries that participated in the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills). Only 10% of this age group failed to attain the same level of education as their parents (the OECD average was

16 %).

In 2012, 43% of 25-34 year-olds in France had a tertiary degree (the OECD average for that age group was 39%) while only 20% of 55-64 year-olds did (the OECD average for

this older age group was 24%)

. The average increase across OECD countries during the same period was around 6 percentage points, from 13.6% to 19.8 %.

The unemployment rate among 25-34 year-olds in France who had not completed upper secondary education increased by nearly 7 percentage points between 2008 and 2012,

from 16.9% to 23.2%

. In 2012 in France, the statutory salary for a pre-primary teacher with 15 years of experience was USD 33 994 (the OECD average was USD 37 350); for a primary teacher

with similar experience it was USD 33 994 (the OECD average was USD 39 024); for a lower secondary teacher with similar experience it was USD 37 065 (the OECD average was USD

40 570); and for an upper secondary teacher with similar experience it was USD 37 355 (the OECD average was USD 42 861 ).

Statutory salaries for primary and secondary school teachers in France are below the OECD average, both for starting teachers and for those with 10 or 15 years of professional

experience

.Public expenditure on educational institutions in France increased by 1%, on average, between 2008 and 2011

HIGHLIGHTS

Variables among the 10 top- or bottom-ranked ordered by level of education

Find out more about the methodology here

Participation in education

The percentage of three-year-olds in early childhood education in France is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (98.2 %, rank 2/37 )

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The percentage of four-year-olds in early childhood and primary education in France is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (100 %, rank

1/38 ) Download Indicator

The average age of entry into tertiary-type A (academic) programmes in France is comparatively young. (19.7 Years, rank 32/34 ) Download Indicator

France is one of the most attractive destinations to foreign students compared to other OECD and partner countries with available data. (6 %, rank 4/40 ) Download Indicator

The percentage of students in government-dependent private tertiary educational institutions is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3.2

%, rank 20/24 ) Download Indicator

Intergenerational mobility

The percentage of 25-34 year-old students whose educational attainment is lower than that of their parents is one of the lowest among OECD and partner countries. (10.4 %,

rank 16/21 ) Download Indicator

The percentage of 25-34 year-old students whose educational attainment is higher than that of their parents is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries. (39.9 %,

rank 6/21 ) Download Indicator

The percentage of 25-34 year-old male students whose educational attainment is higher than that of their parents is one of the highest among OECD and partner countries. (33.9

%, rank 6/21 ) Download Indicator

Resources for education

The change in expenditure between 2005 and 2010 per student at primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary levels is comparatively small. (103 Index, rank 28/32 )

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The share of private expenditure on pre-primary education is one of the smallest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (6.3 %, rank 28/33 ) Download Indicator

In France, public expenditure on education as a percentage of total public expenditure is comparatively low. (10.2 %, rank 31/34 ) Download Indicator

Teachers

The number of pupils per teacher in pre-primary schools is one of the largest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (22 Students, rank 5/31 ) Download Indicator

The ratio of students to teaching staff at the upper secondary level is especially low. (10 Students, rank 31/35 ) Download Indicator

The change between 2000 and 2011 in statutory salaries for primary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in France. (94 Index, rank

22/26 ) Download Indicator

The change between 2000 and 2011 in statutory salaries for lower secondary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in France. (95

Index, rank 20/25 ) Download Indicator

The change between 2000 and 2011 in statutory salaries for upper secondary teachers with 15 years of experience and minimum training is comparatively small in France. (95

Index, rank 20/25 ) Download Indicator

The number of hours primary teachers spend teaching in public institutions is comparatively large in France. (924 Hours, rank 6/33 ) Download Indicator

Classroom environment

Total compulsory instruction time for lower secondary students in France is one of the longest among OECD and partner countries with available data. (3964 Hours, rank 6/33 )

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Economic and social outcomes

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Compared with other OECD and partner countries, the earnings of men without an upper secondary education are relatively high compared to those of men with an upper

secondary education. (89 Index, rank 4/33 ) Download Indicator

Adult competencies

The percentage of 25-64 year-olds in formal and non-formal education is low compared to other countries participating in the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). (35.7 %, rank 17/21 )

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CHARTS BY TOPIC

Attainment

Across almost all OECD countries, upper secondary attainment is the norm. About 75% of adults aged 25-64 have attained at least upper secondary education; among 25-34 year-

olds, about 80% have.

In some OECD countries, younger adults have higher tertiary attainment rates than older adults by an average of more than 20 percentage points.

More than 40% of 25-34 year-olds in most OECD and partner countries have tertiary education, but this proportion of tertiary-educated 55-64 year-olds is seen only in Canada,

Israel, the Russian Federation and the United States.

Participation

Access to education for 5-14 year-olds is universal in all OECD and most partner countries with available data.

More than three-quarters of 4-year-olds (84%) are enrolled in early childhood education and primary education across OECD countries.

In 2012, enrolment rates among 15-19 year-olds were greater than 75% in 34 of the 40 OECD and partner countries with available data.

More than 20% of 20-29 year-olds in all OECD countries, except Luxembourg, Mexico and the United Kingdom, participated in education in 2012.

In 2012, 72% of students in tertiary-type A education attended public institutions, 14% attended government-dependent private institutions, and 14% attended independent

private institutions.

Under 2012 enrolment conditions, a 5-year-old in an OECD country can expect to participate in more than 17 years of full-time and part-time education, on average, before

reaching the age of 40.

Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States together receive more than 50% of all foreign students worldwide.

International students represent 10% or more of the enrolments in tertiary education in Australia, Austria, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Across countries, more than 50% of adults participate in formal and/or non-formal education.

Expenditure

In 2011, OECD countries spent an average of 6.1% of their GDP on educational institutions; seven countries (Argentina, Denmark, Iceland, Israel, Korea, New Zealand and Norway)

spent more than 7%.

On average, OECD countries spend USD 9 487 per student per year from primary through tertiary education: USD 8 296 per primary student, USD 9 280 per secondary student, and

USD 13 958 per tertiary student.

Education accounts for 12.9% of total public spending, on average across OECD countries, ranging from less than 10% in Hungary, Italy and Japan, to more than 20% in Indonesia,

Mexico and New Zealand.

Nearly 92% of the funds for primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary educational institutions come from public sources, on average in OECD countries; only in Chile and

Colombia is this share less than 80%. Tertiary institutions and, to a lesser extent, pre-primary institutions obtain the largest proportions of funds from private sources: 31% and

19%, respectively.

Teachers

The ratio of students to teaching staff varies across OECD countries and levels of education. At the primary level, there were more than 15 students for every teacher on average

in OECD countries in 2012. In most countries, the student-teacher ratio decreases between primary and lower secondary school, despite an increase in class size. In 2012, there

were, on average, about 13 students per teacher at the secondary level. At the tertiary level, there were, on average, about 14 students per teacher in OECD countries.

The number of teaching hours per teacher in public schools in 2012 averaged 782 hours per year in primary education, 694 hours in lower secondary education, and 655 hours in

upper secondary education.

Teachers' statutory salaries vary widely across countries, but often increase with the level of education. In 2012, the statutory salaries of teachers with at least 15 years of

experience averaged USD 37 350 at the pre-primary level, USD 39 024 at the primary level, USD 40 570 at the lower secondary level, and USD 42 861 at the upper secondary level.

Between 2000 and 2012, teachers' salaries increased in real terms in most countries.

On average in OECD countries, pre-primary school teachers' salaries in 2012 amounted to 80% of full-time, full-year earnings of tertiary-educated adults working in different

occupations. Primary school teachers' salaries amounted to 85% of that income, lower secondary school teachers' salaries amounted to 88% of that benchmark, and upper

secondary school teachers' salaries amounted to 92% of those earnings.

Early childhood

In a majority of OECD countries, education now begins for most children well before they are 5 years old. More than three-quarters of 4-year-olds (84%) are enrolled in early

childhood education and primary education across OECD countries; among OECD countries that are part of the European Union, 89% of 4-year-olds are.

In Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, more than 90% of 3-year-olds are enrolled in early childhood education.

Publicly-funded pre-primary education tends to be more strongly developed in the European than in the non-European countries of the OECD. Private expenditure varies widely

between countries, ranging from 5% or less in Belgium, Estonia, Latvia Luxembourg and Sweden, to 25% or more in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Colombia, Japan, Korea, Spain and

the United States.

As a percentage of GDP, expenditure on pre-primary education accounts for an average of 0.6% of GDP. Differences between countries are significant. For example, while 0.1% of

GDP is spent on pre-primary education in Australia, about 0.8% or more is spent in Chile, Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and the Russian Federation.

The pupil-teacher ratio, excluding non-teaching staff (e.g. teachers' aides), ranges from more than 20 pupils per teacher in Chile, France, Israel, Mexico and Turkey, to fewer than

10 in Estonia, Iceland, Indonesia, New Zealand, Slovenia and Sweden.

Employment

Tertiary-educated younger adults have higher unemployment rates than tertiary-educated older adults: about 7% and 4%, respectively.

Across OECD countries, compared with adults with upper secondary education who have income from employment, those without this qualification earn about 20% less, those

with post-secondary non-tertiary education about 10% more, those with tertiary-type B (vocationally oriented) education about 30% more, and those with tertiary-type A

(academically oriented) education or advanced research earn about 70% more.

Across OECD countries, a tertiary-educated woman earns about 75% of what a similarly educated man earns. Only in Belgium, Slovenia, Spain and Turkey do the earnings of

tertiary-educated women amount to 80% or more of men's earnings. In Brazil, Chile and Hungary, women with a tertiary degree earn 65% or less of what tertiary-educated men

earn.

Neither in education nor employed

The proportion of young people neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET) includes those who are unemployed or inactive. The latter group is particularly

important as it includes discouraged young people who gave up looking for a job.

In 2012, on average across OECD countries, 15% of 15-29 year-olds were neither employed nor in education or training (NEET) (7% unemployed and 8% inactive), as were 7% of 15-19

year-olds (2.8% unemployed and 4.6% inactive), and 19% of 25-29 year-olds (8% unemployed and 11% inactive).

For all levels of education combined, in Chile, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain and Turkey, more than 20% of 15-29 year-olds are NEET. In Spain, 19% of 15-29 year-olds are unemployed

NEET youth and 7% are inactive. In Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Turkey the reverse pattern is seen: around 15% of NEET youth are inactive while 6% or fewer are unemployed. In

Austria, Germany, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, fewer than 10% of 15-29 year-olds were neither in education nor employed.

On average across OECD countries in 2012, 17% of 15-29 year-old women were NEET (6% unemployed and 12% inactive) as were 13% of 15-29 year-old men (7% unemployed and 5%

inactive).

DATA TABLE

Indicator Sort Belgium Germany Denmark France OECD average United Kingdom

EDUCATIONAL

OUTCOMES

Attained at least

upper secondary

(2012) 71.6 86.3 77.9 72.5 75.2 78.1Download

Indicator

education, 25-64

year-olds (%)

Attained at least

upper secondary

education, 25-34

year-olds (%)

(2012) 81.9 86.8 81.7 83.3 82.5 84.8

Attained at least

upper secondary

education, 55-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) 56.3 84.4 70.5 59.1 64.4 69.1

Attained below

upper secondary

education, 25-34

year-olds (%)

(2012) 18.1 13.2 18.3 16.7 17.4 15.2

Attained below

upper secondary

education, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) 28.4 13.7 22.1 27.5 24.3 21.9

Attained upper

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) 36.3 58.2 43.1 41.7 43.9 37.1

Attained a

tertiary

education

degree, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) 35.3 28.1 34.8 30.9 32.6 41.0

Attained a

tertiary

education

degree, 25-34

year-olds (%)

(2012) 43.0 29.0 40.2 42.9 39.7 47.9

Attained a

tertiary

education

degree, 55-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) 25.3 26.4 28.7 19.6 24.5 32.6

Attained tertiary

education, 25-34

year-old men (%)

(2012) 35.9 26.8 31.3 38.3 34.0 46.0

Attained tertiary

education, 25-34

year-old women

(%)

(2012) 50.1 31.2 49.7 47.3 44.4 49.8

PARTICIPATION IN

EDUCATION

Young men

expected to

graduate from

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes

during their

lifetimes (%,

first-time

graduates)

(2012) N/A 29.4 38.9 N/A 31.4 N/A

Young women

expected to

graduate from

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes

during their

lifetimes (%,

first-time

graduates)

(2012) N/A 32.4 60.0 N/A 45.6 N/A

Youth expected (2012) N/A 94.7 92.4 N/A 84.2 93.4

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to graduate from

upper secondary

education during

their lifetimes

(%, first-time

graduates)

Youth expected

to graduate from

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes

during their

lifetimes (%)

(2012) N/A 30.9 49.3 N/A 38.2 N/A

Enrolment rate

among 5-14 year-

olds (%)

(2012) 98.5 99.4 99.3 99.1 98.2 98.0

Enrolment rate

among 20-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 32.6 33.1 43.3 20.9 28.4 19.4

Enrolment rate

among 15-19

year-olds (%)

(2012) 94.0 89.7 87.4 83.6 83.5 78.4

Upper secondary

students enrolled

in vocational or

pre-vocational

programmes (%)

(2012) 72.8 48.3 46.1 44.2 45.7 38.6

Enrolment in

early childhood

education, age 3

(%)

(2012) 98.5 90.8 97.2 98.2 70.2 93.0

Enrolment in

early childhood

and primary

education, age 4

(%)

(2012) 98.8 95.8 97.8 100.0 84.5 97.9

Age at entry into

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes,

average

(2012) 19.0 21.9 24.1 19.7 22.2 22.3

Age at entry into

tertiary-type B

(vocational)

programmes,

average

(2012) 19.9 22.1 30.2 N/A 25.1 33.4

Youth expected

to enter tertiary-

type A (academic)

programmes

during their

lifetimes (%)

(2012) 33.6 53.2 74.2 40.8 58.3 67.4

International or

foreign students

enrolled in

tertiary

education (% of

total)

(2012) 9.0 N/A 8.1 11.8 8.4 17.1

Share of

worldwide

foreign students

(%)

(2012) 1.2 6.3 0.7 6.0 N/A 12.6

Students in public

institutions,

tertiary

education (% of

total)

(2012) 42.7 87.2 97.8 79.5 70.4 N/A

Students in

government-

(2012) 57.3 12.8 2.1 3.2 14.4 100.0

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dependent

private

institutions,

tertiary

education (% of

total)

Students in

independent

private

institutions,

tertiary

education (% of

total)

(2012) N/A N/A 0.1 17.3 15.2 0.0

FIELDS OF

EDUCATION

Female graduates

in engineering,

manufacturing

and construction,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 25.6 22.1 32.6 31.1 27.5 22.8

Female graduates

in sciences,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 34.8 43.8 39.7 38.0 41.2 37.7

Female graduates

in life sciences,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 53.2 66.8 65.2 63.6 62.9 49.6

Female graduates

in physical

sciences,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 32.7 41.9 42.3 39.0 42.9 42.6

Female graduates

in mathematics

and statistics,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 40.0 59.2 47.3 36.7 46.4 41.7

Female graduates

in computing,

tertiary-type A

(academic)

programmes (%)

(2012) 9.8 16.7 26.8 16.6 20.2 19.0

INTERGENERATIONAL

MOBILITY

Downward

intergenerational

mobility,

students whose

educational

attainment is

lower than that

of their parents,

25-34 year-olds

(%)

(2012) N/A 24.4 17.9 10.4 16.0 N/A

Upward

intergenerational

mobility,

students whose

educational

attainment is

higher than that

of their parents,

25-34 year-olds

(%)

(2012) N/A 18.7 27.9 39.9 31.9 N/A

Students with the (2012) N/A 56.8 54.2 49.7 52.1 N/A

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same educational

attainment as

their parents, 25-

34 year-olds (%)

Upward

intergenerational

mobility, female

students whose

educational

attainment is

higher than that

of their parents,

25-34 year-olds

(%)

(2012) N/A 17.7 32.6 45.7 35.8 N/A

Upward

intergenerational

mobility, male

students whose

educational

attainment is

higher than that

of their parents,

25-34 year-olds

(%)

(2012) N/A 19.7 23.5 33.9 28.2 N/A

Students in

tertiary

education with

parents who had

not attained

upper secondary

education, 20-34

year-olds (%)

(2012) N/A 2.2 6.9 9.6 8.5 N/A

Students in

tertiary

education whose

parents have a

tertiary degree,

20-34 year-olds

(%)

(2012) N/A 65.4 63.2 49.7 55.3 N/A

RESOURCES FOR

EDUCATION

Expenditure per

student, tertiary

education

including R&D

activities (annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 15,420 16,723 21,254 15,375 13,958 14,223

Expenditure per

student, primary

to tertiary

education

including R&D

activities (annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 11,585 10,904 12,136 10,454 9,487 10,412

Expenditure per

student, pre-

primary

education

(annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 6,333 8,351 14,148 6,615 7,428 9,692

Expenditure per

student, primary

education

(annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 9,281 7,579 9,434 6,917 8,296 9,857

Expenditure per

student,

secondary

(2011) 11,732 10,275 10,937 11,109 9,280 9,649

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education

(annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

Expenditure per

student on core

and ancillary

services, primary,

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education

(annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 10,722 9,521 10,230 9,329 8,868 9,738

Expenditure per

student, tertiary

education

excluding R&D

activities (annual,

equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2011) 10,075 10,164 N/A 10,470 9,635 10,570

Change in

expenditure per

student, primary,

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education

(2005=100)

(2011) 122 118 89 103 117 107

Change in the

number of

students,

primary,

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education

(2005=100)

(2011) 96 91 111 100 97 102

Expenditure on

educational

institutions as a

percentage of

GDP, all levels of

education

(2011) 6.6 5.1 7.9 6.1 6.1 6.4

Change between

2008 and 2011 in

expenditure on

educational

institutions as a

percentage of

GDP, all levels of

education

(excluding

subsidies,

2008=100)

(2011) 101 108 116 101 105 120

Change between

2008 and 2011 in

public

expenditure on

educational

institutions, all

levels of

education

(excluding

subsidies,

2008=100)

(2011) 102 110 112 101 107 117

Change between

2000 and 2011 in

private

expenditure on

educational

institutions, all

(2011) 100 108 76 124 119 134

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levels of

education (2005

= 100, constant

prices)

Private

expenditure on

educational

institutions, all

levels of

education (%)

(2011) 5.0 13.6 5.5 10.6 16.1 25.1

Private

expenditure on

educational

institutions, pre-

primary

education (%)

(2011) 3.6 19.6 7.9 6.3 18.7 23.1

Private

expenditure on

educational

institutions,

primary,

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education (%)

(2011) 3.8 12.1 2.8 8.2 8.6 14.3

Private

expenditure on

educational

institutions,

tertiary

education (%)

(2011) 9.9 15.3 5.5 19.2 30.8 69.8

Public

expenditure on

education as a

percentage of

total public

expenditure

(2011) 12.2 11.0 15.2 10.2 12.9 12.2

Public

expenditure on

education as a

percentage of

GDP

(2011) 6.5 5.0 8.7 5.7 5.6 5.8

Change between

2000 and 2011 in

private

expenditure on

educational

institutions,

tertiary level

(2005 = 100,

constant prices)

(2011) 130 137 181 137 132 192

TEACHERS

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

tertiary

education

(2012) 21 12 N/A 16 14 20

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

pre-primary

education

(2012) 16 12 N/A 22 14 19

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

primary

education

(2012) 13 16 N/A 19 15 21

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

lower secondary

education

(2012) 8 14 12 15 13 14

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

(2012) 10 14 N/A 10 14 17

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upper secondary

education

Ratio of students

to teaching staff,

all secondary

education

(2012) 9 14 N/A 13 13 16

Teachers'

salaries, 15 years

of experience,

minimum

training, lower

secondary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A 67,736 51,122 37,065 40,570 N/A

Teachers'

salaries, 15 years

of experience,

minimum

training, upper

secondary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A 72,633 59,368 37,355 42,861 N/A

Teachers'

salaries, 15 years

of experience,

minimum

training, pre-

primary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A N/A 46,037 33,994 37,350 N/A

Teachers'

salaries, 15 years

of experience,

minimum

training, primary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A 62,195 51,122 33,994 39,024 N/A

Teachers' salaries

relative to

earnings for full-

time, full-year

workers with

tertiary

education, pre-

primary

education, 25-64

year-olds

(2012) N/A N/A 0.83 0.73 0.80 N/A

Teachers' salaries

relative to

earnings for full-

time, full-year

workers with

tertiary

education,

primary

education, 25-64

year-olds

(2012) N/A 0.88 0.92 0.72 0.85 N/A

Teachers' salaries

relative to

earnings for full-

time, full-year

workers with

tertiary

education, lower

secondary

education, 25-64

year-olds

(2012) N/A 0.97 0.92 0.86 0.88 N/A

Teachers' salaries

relative to

(2012) N/A 1.05 1.06 0.95 0.92 N/A

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earnings for full-

time, full-year

workers with

tertiary

education, upper

secondary

education, 25-64

year-olds

Ratio of lower

secondary

teachers' salaries

at top of scale to

starting salary

(2012) N/A 1.32 1.16 1.82 1.61 N/A

Change in

statutory

teachers' salaries,

15 years of

experience,

minimum

training, primary

education (2005=

100)

(2012) N/A N/A 114 94 103 N/A

Change in

statutory

teachers' salaries,

15 years of

experience,

minimum

training, lower

secondary

education

(2005=100)

(2012) N/A N/A 114 95 102 N/A

Change in

statutory

teachers' salaries,

15 years of

experience,

minimum

training, upper

secondary

education

(2005=100)

(2012) N/A N/A 108 95 101 N/A

Teaching hours

per year, primary

education, public

institutions

(2012) N/A 804 659 924 782 N/A

Teaching hours

per year, lower

secondary

education, public

institutions

(2012) N/A 755 659 648 694 N/A

Teaching hours

per year, upper

secondary

general

programmes,

public

institutions

(2012) N/A 718 369 648 655 N/A

Teaching hours

per year, pre-

primary

education, public

institutions

(2012) N/A 796 N/A 924 1,001 N/A

Teachers under

40, primary

education (%)

(2012) 51.4 29.0 N/A 49.9 41.2 59.9

Teachers under

40, lower

secondary

education (%)

(2012) 44.1 25.8 36.6 44.1 38.5 53.6

Teachers under (2012) 40.6 25.5 N/A 27.8 33.6 47.4

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40, upper

secondary

education (%)

Teachers' starting

salaries,

minimum

training, primary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A 50,007 44,131 26,247 29,411 N/A

Teachers'

salaries, salary at

the top of scale,

minimum

training, primary

education

(equivalent USD

using PPPs)

(2012) N/A 66,396 51,122 50,127 46,909 N/A

Teachers under

30, secondary

level (%)

(2012) 15.0 5.1 5.9 6.8 9.8 21.0

CLASSROOM

ENVIRONMENT

Compulsory

instruction time

for students,

primary

education (total

hours)

(2014) N/A 2,732 5,280 4,320 4,553 N/A

Compulsory

instruction time

for students,

lower secondary

education (total

hours)

(2014) N/A 4,331 2,790 3,964 2,922 N/A

ECONOMIC AND

SOCIAL OUTCOMES

Employment rate

of 25-64 year-

olds with a

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 84.6 87.9 86.4 84.4 83.1 84.1

Employment rate

of 25-64 year-

olds with below

upper secondary

education (%)

(2012) 47.6 57.5 61.4 55.5 55.0 56.8

Employment rate

of 25-64 year-

olds with upper

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 73.5 78.2 78.7 73.5 73.7 78.8

Employment rate

of men aged 25-

64 with tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 87.2 91.3 89.2 87.6 87.7 89.0

Employment rate

of women aged

25-64 with

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 82.3 83.8 84.3 81.7 78.7 79.3

Unemployment

rate of 25-34

year-olds with

below upper

secondary

education (%)

(2012) 22.1 18.8 14.8 23.2 19.8 17.2

Unemployment (2012) 10.9 5.4 8.7 12.4 10.4 7.8

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rate of 25-34

year-olds with

upper secondary

or post-secondary

non-tertiary

education (%)

Unemployment

rate of 25-34

year-olds with

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 4.3 2.8 7.7 6.8 7.4 4.2

Unemployment

rate of 25-64

year-olds with

below upper

secondary

education (%)

(2012) 12.1 12.8 9.6 13.8 13.6 10.5

Unemployment

rate of 25-64

year-olds with

upper secondary

and post-

secondary non-

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 6.7 5.3 6.2 8.3 7.8 5.6

Unemployment

rate of 25-64

year-olds with

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 3.4 2.4 4.7 5.1 5.0 3.6

Unemployment

rate of women

aged 25-64 with

below upper

secondary

education (%)

(2012) 12.4 11.2 8.9 14.1 13.3 9.9

Unemployment

rate of women

aged 25-64 with

upper secondary

and post-

secondary non-

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 7.6 5.0 6.3 9.0 8.6 5.8

Unemployment

rate of women

aged 25-64 with

tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 3.3 2.6 5.0 5.2 5.5 3.6

Full-time earners

among all

earners, 35-44

year-old men

with below upper

secondary

education (%)

(2012) N/A 89.7 49.9 78.4 74.6 81.5

Full-time earners

among all

earners, 35-44

year-old women

with below upper

secondary

education (%)

(2012) N/A 29.8 40.9 48.8 50.6 40.4

Full-time earners

among all

earners, 35-44

year-old men

with tertiary

education (%)

(2012) 90.0 87.7 81.0 90.5 85.0 95.4

Full-time earners

among all

(2012) 55.0 50.2 60.5 70.5 64.5 59.3

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earners, 35-44

year-old women

with tertiary

education (%)

Relative earnings

for 25-64 year-

olds men without

upper secondary

education (upper

secondary

education=100)

(2012) 92 87 79 89 78 68

Relative earnings

for 25-64 year-

olds women

without upper

secondary

education (upper

secondary

education=100)

(2012) 84 82 82 76 75 69

Earnings penalty

for 25-64 year-

olds without

upper secondary

education

(average, upper

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary=100)

(2012) 90 84 81 82 78 70

Relative earnings

for 25-64 year-

old men with

tertiary

education (upper

secondary

education=100)

(2012) 129 171 138 162 164 147

Relative earnings

for 25-64 year-

old women with

tertiary

education (upper

secondary

education=100)

(2012) 134 172 126 155 162 178

Earnings premium

for 25-64 year-

old adults with

tertiary

education

(average, upper

secondary and

post-secondary

non-tertiary=100)

(2012) 128 174 128 154 159 156

Youth neither

employed nor in

education or

training, 15-19

year-olds (%)

(2012) 8.3 3.0 5.7 6.9 7.2 9.5

Youth neither

employed nor in

education or

training, 20-24

year-olds (%)

(2012) 17.5 11.2 14.5 20.1 17.5 20.2

Youth neither

employed nor in

education or

training, 25-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 18.5 14.6 16.2 22.4 19.4 18.3

Youth neither

employed nor in

education or

training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 15.0 9.9 12.0 16.6 15.0 16.3

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Young men

neither employed

nor in education

or training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 13.7 8.0 11.2 15.0 12.7 13.6

Young women

neither employed

nor in education

or training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 16.2 11.9 12.8 18.1 17.2 19.1

Youth without an

upper secondary

degree who are

neither employed

nor in education

or training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 19.1 11.7 11.5 19.0 15.2 25.2

Youth with an

upper secondary

or post-secondary

non-tertiary

degree who are

neither employed

nor in education

or training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 14.5 9.3 11.7 17.6 15.6 14.9

Youth with a

tertiary degree

who are neither

employed nor in

education or

training, 15-29

year-olds (%)

(2012) 9.3 5.8 10.8 11.0 12.8 9.5

ADULT

COMPETENCIES

Adults with low

literacy

proficiency

(below Level 2) in

the Survey of

Adult Skills

(PIAAC) who are

employed, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) N/A 65.0 58.3 57.6 59.2 N/A

Adults with high

literacy

proficiency

(Level(4/5) in the

Survey of Adult

Skills (PIAAC)

who are

employed, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) N/A 90.4 89.5 84.2 87.1 N/A

Adults in formal

and non-formal

education, 25-64

year-olds (%)

(2012) N/A 53.0 66.3 35.7 51.2 N/A

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DIAGRAM OF EDUCATION SYSTEM

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