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Language: English

Original: English

PROJECT: MULTINATIONAL: RN3: RUMONGE – RUTUNGA -

BUJUMBURA SECTION [77.6 km] AND KABINGO –

KASULU – MANYOVU [300.1 km] ROAD UPGRADE

PROJECT

COUNTRIES: BURUNDI AND TANZANIA

ESIA SUMMARY FOR THE PROPOSED UPGRADING OF RUMONGE-BUJUMBURA

SECTION (77.6km) -BURUNDI.

Date: July 2018

Preparation

Team

Team Leader: J. NDIKUMWAMI, Senior Transport Engineer, PICU.1/COBI

Co-Team Leader: J. B AGUMA, PRINCIPAL Transport Economist, RDGE.4

P. KANYIMBO, Regional Integration Coordinator, RDGE0

E&S Team Members:

P. HORUGAVYE, Chief socio-economist, RDGC4 /SNSC

F. KAYIGAMBA, Environmental expert, Consultant SNSC

E.B. KAHUBIRE, Social Development Officer, RDGE4 /SNSC

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1. INTRODUCTION

The rehabilitate and upgrading of the Bujumbura – Rutunga – Rumonge road (78km) section project road

is part of EAC Class No. RN3 along RTRN Corridor EA 5 connecting Tanzania and Burundi (Tunduma –

Sumbawanga – Kigoma – Mugina – Nyanza Lac – Bujumbura Corridor).

The project is being implemented by EAC through Burundian Office of Roads (Office des Routes – OdR).

OdR, under the Ministry of Transport, Public Works, and Equipment is the roads authority of Burundi. The

importance of the project road lays on the fact that apart from linking Burundi with Tanzania, the road

provides transportation route for agricultural and mining produce to and from the Great Lakes countries

in particular the eastern DRC. Others products includes mercantile from Kigoma and Kasulu centres,

rice, ground nuts, coconut, salt, oranges, simsim, pineapple, apples, pears, etc. from western regions

of Tanzania regions to Bujumbura. The road is therefore a driver of the economy of the Great Lakes

countries and Burundi in particular.

The objective of the EIA study was to predict and anticipate potential environmental and social impacts

that may arise from the road upgrading and propose mitigation measures to lessen any impacts to ensure

that the project delivers minimum disruption to the environment and surrounding communities.

The ESIA report and standalone detailed ESMP and RAP reports for this project was prepared by EGIS

International in April 2018 based on the Code of Environment (June 2000) and Procedure for

Environmental Impact Assessment (October 2010) of Burundi, the East African Guidelines and AfDB

requirement standards. It reflects the current impact on the physical, biological and socio-cultural

environment based on the current road design.

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 National Legal environment

➢ The Law No 1/010 of 30th June 20000 on the Code of Environment sets basic rules to protect

and management the environment against all forms of degradation and specifies on its article 34

that public works and infrastructure, such as roads, dams, dikes, bridges, and airports are NOT

exempted for carrying out environmental impact assessment for projects that are likely to have

adverse impacts. The decree No 100/22 of 7th October 2010 determines the conditions and

modalities of implementation of the environmental impact assessment procedure. The ministerial

decision of 9th January 2013 specifies the procedure that has to be following during scoping,

aiming to assist the EIA experts to develop site specific Terms of Reference for conducting the

Environmental Impact Assessment.

➢ The Law No 1/02 of 26 March 2012 on Water Code sets the basic rules and related institutional

framework to ensure rational and sustainable management of water resources, amenities, and

hydraulic public interest works. The Article 5 prohibits anthropogenic activities within 150m from

the edge of Lake Tanganyika, 50m from any other lake in the country, 25m from rivers that

discharge into the lake, and 5m from edges of all other rivers. Article 52 prohibits direct or indirect

discharge of sewage or spill of any nature, or commit acts that may cause or increase the pollution

of surface water or groundwater.

➢ The Law No 1/07 of 15 July 2016 on Revision of the Forest Code specifies on its Article 95 that

before carrying out excavations in the ground, to exploit quarries or mines, to open a way of

communication or to rectify the route, to build constructions on a forest domain having at least half

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a hectare, the developers shall obtain (i) the authorization of the Minister having forests in his

attributions and, where applicable, a cutting or clearing permit; (ii) to take all protective and

conservation measures to ensure that the activities do not cause or aggravate erosion, damage the

vegetation around the sites or alter the quality of the water and do not disturb stream flows and (iii)

restore the site of excavations, extractions or work sites in good condition after prospecting and

exploitation.

➢ The Law No 1/13 of 9 August 2011 Revising the Burundi Land Code specifies on its Article

433 that compensation for expropriation must be based on the value of the expropriated property

assessed and must be paid before the registration of the transfer.

➢ The Decree-Law No 1/037 of 7th July 1993 on Labour Code requires on its article 6 that

everyone to be given equal opportunity and treatment in employment and in the work, without any

discrimination. It opposes any distinction, exclusion or preference based on race, colour, religion,

sex, opinion stated policy, union activity, ethnic or social origin during hiring, promotion,

compensation and termination. The article 11 specifies that (i) every worker must have adequate

measures in his workplace to protect his health and safety; (ii) the Contractor has imperative

obligation to prevent accidents at work places and (iii) the Contractor is obliged to organize and

implement safety training to his workers.

2.2 Regional requirement standards

➢ The East African Community Treaty, 1999 requires Partner States to integrate environmental

management and conservation measures in all developmental activities such as trade, transport,

agriculture, industrial development, mining, and tourism in the Community.

➢ The East African Protocol on Environmental and Natural Resource Management, 2005

requires Partner States to ensure that conservation and management of environmental and natural

resources are treated an integral part of national and local development plans. The article 31

requires that an environmental Impact assessment be carried out for a trans-boundary activities and

projects that are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts.

➢ The Convention on the Sustainable Management of Lake Tanganyika, signed on 12th June

2003 on its articles 8 and 9 requires Contracting States to take appropriate measures to prevent and

reduce pollution of Lake Tanganyika and its environment arising from activities within their

jurisdiction of control and to take appropriate legal, administrative and technical measures to

prevent all causes of excessive sedimentation in the Lake, such as deforestation, land degradation,

and the destruction of wetlands.

2.3 AfDB Policies and International requirement Standards

The study has taken into account the International environmental and social requirements of the project

financing institutions; these include the African Development Bank policies. The Social and Environmental

assessment of the project was therefore carried in accordance with the AfDB policies and guidelines as

follows: Policy on Environment (2004); Involuntary Resettlement Policy (2003); Policy for Integrated

Water Resources Management (2000); Handbook on Stakeholder Consultation and Participation (2001);

and the AfDB Bank Group Policy on Disclosure and Access to Information (May2011). The AfDB’s

Integrated Safeguard System sets out the five Operational Safeguard requirements that AfDB projects have

to comply with; the project triggers the five operational safeguards as outlined below:

➢ OS 1: Environmental and Social Assessment: since the project requires Environmental and

Social Assessment of anticipated impacts, including on cultural heritage and vulnerable groups and

requires public consultation, grievance procedures. The project has prepared Detailed ESIA studies

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and a standalone ESMP and RAP that includes Stakeholder Engagement and Grievance Redress

Mechanism.

➢ OS 2: Involuntary Resettlement: Land Acquisition, Population Displacement and Compensation:

the project will have physical and economic displacement of more than 200 people and a RAP has

been prepared by the project to avoid and minimize impacts and compensate for the impacts.

➢ OS3: Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystems: The project will impact biodiversity through

clearance of vegetation and degradation of water resources due to construction Activities.

➢ OS 4: Pollution Prevention and Control, Greenhouse Gases, Hazardous Materials and

Resource Efficiency: the ESMP includes measures for avoiding and preventing pollution and

ensuring water efficiency during construction.

➢ OS 5: Labor Conditions, Health and Safety: the ESMP includes mitigation of occupational

health and safety impacts and contractor management.

Other International Conventions applicable to the Project are:

➢ The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which was signed and ratified by Burundi in 1997

➢ The Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which was signed and ratified by Burundi in 1997

➢ The Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR) which was signed and ratified by Burundi in 2002.

2.4 Institutional framework

➢ Ministry of Ministry of Water, Environment, and Urban Planning is the overall responsible

for all matters pertaining to environment, responsible for all policy matters necessary for the

promotion, protection, and sustainable management of Environment in Burundi.

➢ Burundian Office for Environment Protection (OBPE) is responsible among others to (i) ensure

compliance with the Water Code, the Forest Code, the Environment Code; (ii) enforce

environmental standards and propose all measures safeguarding and protecting nature and (iii)

monitor and evaluate development programs to ensure compliance with environmental standards

in the planning and execution of all development projects that may have a negative impact on the

environment.

➢ Burundian Office of Roads (Office des Routes – OdR). OdR, under the Ministry of Transport,

Public Works, and Equipment is the roads authority of Burundi which was created by Decree No.

100/118 of 27 October 2001 as part of the restructuring of the former General Directorate of Roads.

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION

3.1 Project Description

The project road is located in the western part of Burundi along Lake Tanganyika, at the foot of Mumirwa

Mountains for the western branch of East African Rift Valley. It is located in the provinces of Bujumbura

City, Bujumbura Rural, Rumonge, and Bururi and passes Bujumbura City, Kabezi, Kabezi, Rutunga, and

Rumonge urban centres. The project road is part of Class No. RN3 along RTRN Corridor EA 5 (Tunduma

– Sumbawanga – Kigoma – Mugina – Nyanza Lac – Bujumbura Corridor).

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The project road, which covers a total length of 78km with double carriageways of 7.0m width, and 2.0m

wide shoulders, will constitute widening, realignment and upgrading the existing double bituminous surface

treatment road to Asphalt concrete standard. New cross drainage structures will be constructed to replace

the existing structures that are hydraulically inadequate. One (1) bridge, one hundred twenty-eight (128)

cell structures (box culverts), and twenty eight (28) pipe culverts will be constructed. The remaining

structures will be retained as they adequate.

The road upgrading will also involve improving of safety on various sections of the road with infringed

sight distance (sharp horizontal and vertical curves), which are prone to accidents. Improvement of the road

will also involve introducing a number of safety features such as climbing lanes, non-motorized lane,

service roads in town sections, and widening of shoulders in town sections. The upgraded road will facilitate

efficient transportation of agricultural, marine and diverse products in the region and promote regional

integration/cooperation. The construction of new side and cross drainages structures will improve the

drainage of the existing road, reducing the risks of land degradation.

3.2 Project justification

The importance of the project road lays on the fact that apart from linking Burundi with Tanzania, the road

provides transportation route for agricultural and mining produce to and from the Great Lakes countries in

particular the eastern DRC. Others products includes mercantile from Kigoma and Kasulu centres, rice,

ground nuts, coconut, salt, oranges, simsim, pineapple, apples, pears, etc. from western regions of Tanzania

regions to Bujumbura. The road is therefore a driver of the economy of the Great Lakes countries and

Burundi in particular

Upgrading of the road will therefore: (i) facilitate more efficient transportation of agricultural and marine

products from the project area to the markets in the areas of consumption and verse versa; (ii) promote

regional integration/cooperation; (iii) facilitate/ increase tourism activities within the project areas as well

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as adjoining area; (iv)reduce maintenance costs of the road; (v) reduce Vehicles Operating Costs and (vi)

improve access to social services such as markets and health services.

A One stop Border Post (OSBP) facility was also proposed to be constructed at Manyovu/ Mugina border

between Tanzania and Burundi. The construction of the One Stop Border Post will reduce processing time

for customers due to single window processing and single administrative documents and a common control

zone will facilitate in cases of irregular migration.

3.3 Key activities on each phases of the project

The proposed project rehabilitation will comprise the following activities:

➢ The mobilization Phase (6 months) that includes (i) Land acquisition for the construction of

camps and materials borrow sites, (ii) Recruitment of construction workers and mobilization of

transport of construction equipment to site and (iii) Establishment of construction of camps for the

Contractor and supervising Consultant. The camp shall comprise residential and material

processing and storage areas as well as workshops for repair and maintenance of equipment.

➢ The construction phase of the project, which is estimates to take 36 months will encompass

earth works to facilitate widening and re-alignment of the road. Expected key activities are: (i)

identification, extraction/ abstraction, and transport of naturally-occurring construction material

borrow sites;(ii) earth works to facilitate widening and re-alignment of the road, including

demolition of buildings within the right of way and existing road structures; (iii) construction of

detours and diversions and construction of access roads to sources of naturally-occurring

construction materials; (iv) Construction of bridges, culverts, and road side drains; (v)filling and

reshaping the road section to sub-grade level and (vii) construction of road pavement.

➢ Decommissioning Phase: The main activities during demobilization phase will engross (i)

collection and disposal of storage facilities such as pallets, packing, boxes, collection and disposal

of construction materials and wastes such as waste oil, sewage, solid wastes (plastics, wood, metal,

papers, etc.) at the workshop, site office etc. to authorized dumpsite. (ii) Disassembling and

transport of construction machines, machinery and equipment, removal of temporary infrastructure,

installations and equipment from the campsite, (iii) rehabilitation/landscaping of the campsite to

the original condition by shaping and grading and (iv) handing over of permanent structures and

facilities in the campsite to OdR who will decide its future use.

➢ Operation and maintenance phase will have as key activities: (i) maintenance of damaged road

sections; (ii) clearing of debris, soil and grass from road side and cross drains road; (iii) re-painting

and installation of signboards and (iv) awareness on road maintenance and security to the

community.

3.4 Required off site investment

➢ Power Source: as not all the collines along the project road are connected to national grid power

supply, the construction site will require diesel driven generators that will be installed to supply

power to the camps and for the operation of electrically-operated equipment at work sites.

➢ Water supply: water will be required for construction activities such as concrete works,

earthworks, lying of some of the pavement layers, dust suppression, as well as for domestic

purposes at the camps.

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3.5 Land acquisition

The minimum total land area that will be required for road rehabilitation is approximately 94 hectares. In

addition, the project will require land for the construction of site camp as well as access roads to the

borrowing sites.

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

4.1 Projects Boundaries

➢ The Spatial Boundaries of the study area was mainly confined to the Direct Impacted Zone (DIZ)

to the RoW and the 100m on both sides of the road, to accommodate for establishment of borrow

pit, contractor’s campsite or materials storage yard close to the road alignment. The DIZ was

determined on the basis of (i) the distance of travel of noise, vibrations, dust, and exhaust fumes from construction plants and machinery from the site boundary and (ii) marginal zones and

developments from the site within 100 m as it is within this distance that impacts are likely to be

felt. The study has also considered the area beyond the DIZ as Area of Influence (AI) where most

of the environmental impacts will be induced or influenced by the project activities such as areas

around sources of construction materials and villages linked to the existing road.

➢ The Temporal boundaries of the project consist of the durations for mobilization, construction,

and demobilization phases of the project. It addition, the temporal boundaries are the design periods

of the road and its components (road pavement, bridges etc.).

The following are the estimated temporal boundaries of the project:

Phase Time

Mobilization period: 6 months

Construction period: 36 months

Demobilization period: 1 year (inclusive of defect liability period)

Design period of the road pavement: 20 years

Design return period for pipe culverts: 25 years

Design return period for box culverts: 50 years

Design return period for bridges 100 s.

4.2 Physical environment

4.1.1 Topography

The project road traverses areas with varied topography, a small section of the project road (9%) between

Bujumbura City Centre and Kanyosha and Muha Commune characterized by nearly flatland, the rest being

in undulated topography with gentle to moderate slopes.

4.1.2 Climate

The project area is located in tropical equatorial climate characterized by average annual temperature of

230C, with rainy season starting from September and end in May, while dry season starts from June and

ends in August.

4.1.3 Water resources and hydrology

The project road passes along Lake Tanganyika and traverses fifty (50) significant perennial and seasonal

rivers and several drainages as well. Most of the river banks are prone to erosion, some having some

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protection works at their upstream or downstream parts. The Mutambara River, being the largest perennial

river across the project road, is characterized by elephant grass and oil palm trees on both upstream and

downstream riparians. Its crossing consists of a bridge with pedestrian walkways and guard rails on both

sides. It’s downstream riparian is used for gardening and its soil appears stable against erosion.

Groundwater is abundant throughout along the project road, with water coming to the surface through flood

plains. The project road traverses three (3) floodplains at Kizura, Mwange and Rumonge collines where

palm trees were planted on the both sides of the road.

The study has identified land slide, seasonal flooding of rivers, and transport of rocks and stones from

mountains as the main natural disasters along the project road. 7 streams were identified along the project

road as known to transport rocks and stoned during their seasonal flooding, causing serious disaster to the

locals nearby while three others tend to flood during rainy season causing serious damages to properties.

4.1.4 Road Side Air Quality

Typical air pollutants from road transportation sources are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and volatile compounds; and particulate matters (dust). Total current daily

emissions of CO2 (Kg) was estimated of 57,584 for the 78 km based on the current traffic volume counts

(Annual Average Daily Count).

4.1.5 Geology and Soils

The geology of the project area is characterized by Pre-Cambrian rock which are marked by different layers

of sedimentary rock.

The soil of the project road for a number of sections is susceptible to gully erosion development and a

number of gullies have developed along and across the project road, especially on the Km 15 (Ramba-

Kabezi collines). Gully development and landslides frequently occurred on some portions of the road

project during rainy season whereby the road can be blocked by accumulation of soil material.

4.3 Biological environment

4.3.1 Flora

The flora along the project road is characterized by varied mosaics of shade trees and street strip trees, tree

crops (palm, avocado, mango, mandarin), and grassland. Shade and street strips trees are mainly exotic as

most of the indigenous trees have been cleared. The remaining indigenous trees consist of mainly fig,

bamboo, and to a small extend miombo woodland from a protected area. Common practice in the project

area of farming on water courses river banks as well planting trees especially palm trees very near the water

courses can causes significant sedimentation and disturbance of the river system.

4.3.2 Fauna

A section of the road traverses along Nkayamba Natural Forest Reserve; a habitat of wildlife. The forest

reserve is a home of wildlife such as primates, antelopes, jackals, and different species of birds.

Lake Tanganyika is a transboundary water resource protected area and habitat to a variety of endemic

cichlid fish fauna. However, degradation of fish habitats is observed in some part of the Lake for different

reasons including discharge of waste water from palm oil refinery factory and farming activities on rivers

banks. Apart from different species of fish, the lake is a home to hippopotamus and crocodiles. At

Bugarama center, crocodiles and hippopotamus have tendencies to get close to the coast of the lake, which

can be a threat to the transport of goods and persons.

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4.4 Human environment

4.4.1 Economic environment

The population in Burundi is approximately of 11.2 million people with a density near 470 inhabitants/km²

in 2016. With close to 65% of its population living below the poverty line, Burundi’s economy is heavily

reliant on the agricultural sector, which employs 90% of the population, despite the extreme scarcity of

arable land. Food insecurity is alarming, as Burundi ranks last on the 2013 Global Hunger Index. Almost

one in two households (around 4.6 million people) is food insecure, and more than half of the children are

stunted (WFP, 2014 and 2016).

The Burundian economy is mainly depending on agriculture. Statistics estimate indicate that 90% of the

population relies on agriculture combined with livestock for their livelihood. There are two types of crops

cultivated: Food crops (beans, bananas, sweet potatoes, cassava, maize and sorghum) and cash crops

(coffee, tea, cotton and quinine). Agriculture generates value-added estimated at about 58% of gross

domestic product and produces most the foreign exchange coming to the country. Almost 80% of goods

are exported through this RN3 road to Tanzanian Port of Dar es Salaam. Livestock farming contributes 3%

of gross domestic product and national production of fish is estimated to 15,000 tones, frozen and smoked

fishes being exported too.

4.4.2 Population in the project area

The road will crossover four provinces, Bujumbura City, Bujumbura Rural, Rumonge, and Bururi.

Substantial number of buildings is located very close to the edge of the road as well as perennial crops such

as fruit trees and palm trees; they are likely to be cleared to improve the safety of the road.

The number of People affected by the project either by losing their assets or source of income or

livelihood, is likely to exceed 200, therefore a full Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) shall be conducted

during detailed design of the road. Most of the households (88.5%) are headed by male members of families

in the area.

Land Ownership: most of the households have access to arable land within the RoW and land is being

cultivated. The land tenure systems for most of household are from buying and inheritance. Land along the

road is mostly used for residential and farming and is cultivated yearly.

Gender: Of the total of 148 families, 17 have females as head of household (equivalent to 11.5%).

Vulnerable groups: among the vulnerable groups in the area are widows, disabled persons, orphan, and

the divorced. There are 21 widows, 44 disabled persons, 40 orphans, and 8 divorced.

Water supply: major sources of domestic water supply for settlements along the project road are water

pumped from Lake Tanganyika and rivers across the road, such as Bujumbura city supplied by water

pumped from the lake to a treatment plant. A number of water pipe lines either cross (through culverts) or

runs along the road, within the right of way.

Access to Electricity: less than 5% of the population has access to Electricity; part of the collines along the

road section from Bujumbura to Mutambara (Bururi) road sections are connected to national power supply

grid while the remaining collines to the boarder are not connected to national power supply grid. At several

road sections power supply utilities cross the project road and so during construction such utilities are likely

to be disrupted. In the city of Bujumbura, the power supply lines have been installed underground and some

of the lines cross the road.

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Access to internet: Burundi is connected to the outside world through fibre optic cable through Tanzania,

the backbone being managed by Burundi Backbone System (BBS). During site survey it was noted the fibre

optic cable has been laid very close to the edge of the road and very shallow on the ground.

5. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

5.1 “No Go” alternative impact

The impact of this alternative is considered to be detrimental in hampering development in terms of local,

regional, and national wise transport. There is a need to rehabilitating this road in order to cope with rapid

increase in demand for transit of goods and services into other regions but also to address at some extend

the existing unsustainable storm water drainage system in place on the road.

5.2 Design alternatives

Alternative 1: use of cement stabilized sub-base material. This alternative is quite expensive due to the

large use of cement, has a large carbon footprint and unsuitable where granular material is not abundant

and land for borrowing material is scarce.

Alternative 2: use of lime stabilized sub-base material. The use of hydrated lime during stabilization is

associated with a number of health problems if the lime is not handled properly. The use of lime for the

treatment of material that would have been otherwise declared unsuitable for construction works will

minimize the volume and number of borrow sites, generation of waste in the form of spoil material…Lime

treatment of the material increases workability, compressibility, strength (CBR), and durability of the

material.

Alternative 3: increase the number of carriageways for Bujumbura Town Section (first 11 km). Dual

carriageways would increase the road capacity in terms of Passenger car unit per hour and would limit

congestion especially at the entrance of the Capital city. However, this option was found to be unfeasible

because of the potentially high resettlements costs.

5.3 Results of Comparison of Alternatives

The option of stabilizing sub-base with either lime or lime and cement was recognized as a better option

than stabilizing it with cement alone as it is less expensive and can value local material. The single

carriageway for the Bujumbura Town section was maintained to avoid any additional costs on involuntary

resettlement.

6. MAJOR BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MEASURES and

Complementary INITIATIVES

6.1 Majors impacts during the construction works and proposed mitigation/enhancement measures

6.1.1 Socio-economic impacts

➢ Creation of Employment Construction activities will create both direct and indirect employment

(include food vendors and other small businesses like soft drinks). Enhancement of the impact

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shall be by priority of employment is given to the local people, compliance with labour law in

particular paying wages in accordance with the law, and avoidance of employment of children.

➢ Displacement and Loss of Properties: Rehabilitation of the road will result into demolition of

buildings that are located within the old RoW as apart from jeopardizing the safety of traffickers

as well as occupiers of the houses. In addition, perennial crops in particular fruit trees and pam trees

that are located very close to the road are likely to be cleared to improve the safety of the road.

To mitigate the impact, owners of affected properties shall be compensated in accordance with

the law.

➢ Disruption/Destruction of Public Utilities and Service: Earthworks during the road rehabilitation

are likely to disrupt and destroy underground power supply, domestic water supply pipe lines,

sewer lines, fibre optic cables, and domestic water points that are located within the corridor of

impact of the road.

To mitigate the impact, the contractor shall liaise with managers of the utilities to establish exact

locations of the utilities within the corridor, work carefully to avoid damages to the utilities and

provide service ducts across the road to allow crossing and future extension of the utilities.

➢ Generation of Noise and Vibrations by construction Equipment and Vehicles, blasting drilling

and rock extraction.

This impact shall be mitigated by ensuring adequate maintenance of the construction equipment,

avoiding construction works, during the night. In addition, drilling, blasting and rock extraction

shall be conducted far from settlement areas and be limited between 08:00 hrs and 16:00 hrs.

Workers working under severe noise environment shall be equipped with ear plugs.

➢ Road Traffic Congestion and Accidents and disruption of community access paths: Increased

project activities will increase traffic volume as well as movements, while roads and drainage

construction on the existing right of way will increase congestion and disruptions of which is

narrow and does not allow for construction of diversion road. Settlements to be particularly affected

are Kanyosha, Ruziba, Kabezi, Migera, Gitaza, Rutunga, Magara, Minago, and Rumonge.

The impact shall be mitigated by: (i) provide suitable temporary crossing structure to

accommodate traffic during construction of bridges and culverts; (ii) post traffic warning signs to

notify the public of potential dangers; (iii) install speed restraining humps across

settlements;(iv)organize road safety awareness training program for all the neighboring schools.

➢ Health Problems Associated with Handling of Cement, Hydrated and Wet-cement Products.

The use of cement will expose workers to Upper Respiratory Tract Infection due to inhaling cement

dust and allergic dermatitis infection due to prolonged contact with cement and wet cement

concrete which may affect respiratory system, skin, and eye. Poor handling of hydrated lime can

cause severe irritation or burning of eyes, including permanent damage and irritation of skin.

➢ Measures to mitigate the impact will include personal protection (use of appropriate protection

gear including overalls, appropriate gloves and footwear as well as eye protection), safe storage

and handling, adequate ventilation and control of exposure to the material. Avail eye wash fountain

and first aid measures.

➢ Occupational Health and Safety Hazards: Construction activities will expose workers, visitors,

and the general public to different physical occupational hazards such as falling of people, objects

or materials, stepping on or striking against objects, manual handling injury (overexertion), workers

being struck by excavating or crane machinery, traffic accidents, electrical shock, and fire and

explosion. In addition, the use of construction materials will expose workers and the public to

chemical health hazards (due to liquids, dusts, gases, and fumes), physical health hazards (due to

heat, noise and vibrations, compressed air, and manual handling), and biological health hazards.

Measures to mitigate such risks will include work practice, personal protection and hygiene.

Measures to prevent workers accidents will include (i) providing toe boards and guard rails that

will be fitted to the outer side and ends of the working and scaffold platforms; (ii) Scaffolding

erection shall be done by an experienced workers and overloading shall be avoided and (iii) workers

under the platform shall wear safety helmet and shoes at all times and (iv) work areas shall maintain

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good housekeeping all the time. (v) People should be prevented in the vicinity of machine during

excavation cycle and speeds of construction vehicles shall be limited to 60km/hr. (vi) Electrical

shock shall be prevented by ensuring that all electrical control panels and cable are properly

insulated and earthed.

➢ Increased Transmission of STIs/HIV, unwanted Pregnancies and social conflicts can occur

due to increased mobility, migration, and interaction of construction job seekers and the local

people.

Measures to prevent this impact due to increased transmission of STIs/ HIV shall include HIV

awareness and alleviation program.

6.1.2 bio-physical impacts

➢ Roadside and river bank soil erosion due to vegetation clearance, disturbance or removal of top

soil, leaving a soil highly prone to intense runoff and gully development, construction across rivers

and along the L. Tanganyika, leading to soil erosion and heavy sedimentation.

Erosion shall be controlled as follows: (i) sections with high or shallow fills and cuts that are not

paved or covered by permanent structures shall be grassed immediately after construction;(ii)

existing vegetation shall be preserved as much as possible by confining construction activities to

road alignment.

Surface runoff shall be controlled by: (i) excavating catch water drains on upper sides of slopes

to collect and direct runoff water away from cut slopes; (ii) Breaking long slopes with temporary

diversion to reduce the velocity of runoff; (iii) maintaining grades as much as practical to minimize

the velocity of sheet flow over disturbed area and promote infiltration of storm water directly into

the ground;(iv) Installing of gabions to prevent formation of erosion gully along drainage channel

in steep slopes.(v) Installing kerb stones on high fill sections on the edges of carriageway to direct

runoff from pavement to down chutes which shall be installed at determined intervals; (vi)

protecting river systems as much as possible do not disturb areas adjoining water course to act as

buffers and (vii) lining with concrete or stone masonry all line drain sections with slopes steeper

than 4%.

➢ Surface Water and Soil pollution: loose soil resulting from earthworks is likely to be transported

rivers across the road and finally transported to L.Tanganyika. In addition, construction of bridges

and culverts will cause pollution of river systems and soil may occur due to sedimentation,

accidental spillage of hazardous material such as concrete, fuel, and oils from construction

equipment.

The impact shall be mitigated by avoiding disposal of spoil or excess material near water bodies

but at approved areas sites. In addition, catch water drain shall be excavated on the upslope to direct

runoff away from the lake.

➢ Generation of Solid and Liquid Wastes including Human Sanitary Wastes: Construction

workers will generate sanitary wastes at nearly all work sites while construction activities will

generate wastes such as top soil, cleared greens; spoil material, demolition materials from buildings

and structures, and excess naturally-occurring construction materials.

impacts shall be mitigated as follows :(i) obtaining guidance from the Burundian Office for

Environment Protection (OBPE) on disposal of waste and collect and dispose metal wastes, used

oil filters, used lead-acid batteries, used tyres in accordance with Burundian Laws. (ii) top soil to

be used for restoring sites and planted with approved indigenous tree species; (iii) spoil material to

be disposed on specific sites outside the right of way and shall be vegetated; Non-degradable wastes

such as plastic bottles and papers as well as bitumen drums shall be disposed following national

regulations (iv) demolition wastes shall be used to fill pits during their reinstatement. (v) Liquid

wastes, such as grey water (domestic liquid wastes) shall be directed to onsite sanitary treatment

system while mobile sanitation facilities or pits latrines shall be provided at all work sites other

than the camp.

13

➢ Soil and Water Pollution by Concrete Slurry and Concrete Wastewater during construction of

bridges, culverts, and lining of roadside drains is likely to cause leakage of concrete slurry to road

sides. Concrete slurry can pollute soil and affect the growth of young trees. In addition, it is likely

that concrete slurry to find their way to rivers causing burning of fish, insects, and plants.

➢ Impact shall be mitigated by: (i) avoiding access of concrete slurry or wastewater is not into the

storm water system; (ii) slurry control is put in place before concreting is started and concrete slurry

and wastewater are collected or diverted to grass or bare soil.

➢ Surface water flow and water table modification: Construction of road fill embankment across

the flood plains and rivers is likely to interfere with natural surface water flow patterns, resulting

into flooding, soil erosion, and channel modification. Excavation across flood plain is likely to

lower water table in the surrounding areas while construction of embankment is likely to raise water

table by restricting water flow-leading into deterioration of vegetation, increased susceptibility to

erosion.

The impacts have to be addressed in the design stage through proper design of culverts to ensure

that they are capable of sustaining possible peak water flows and on the design of road pavement.

Adequate cross drains shall be designed to minimize ponding on one side of the embankment.

➢ Deterioration of Ambient Air Quality by Dust and Fumes due to movement of construction

machinery and vehicles producing could of dust as well as fumes from exhaust or bitumen.

The impact shall be mitigated by spraying water on diversion along active construction sites and

settlements, covering trucks transporting dusty materials with tarpaulin, and equipping workers

with respirators masks.

➢ Loss of Vegetation by clearing of vegetation to access the borrowing sites, widening of the existing

road to accommodate increased carriage width and its shoulders, road side drain, horizontal

realignment of the existing road to improve safety.

The impact shall be mitigated by avoiding unnecessary clearing of vegetation, including limiting

clearing of vegetation to the corridor of impact. A number of trees shall be planted to compensate

for the cleared trees.

➢ Impact to Nkayamba Natural forest protected area which is a habitat of wildlife will be

traversed by the road. Generation of noise and vibrations, and illegal hunting of wildlife in will

interfere with wildlife home range as well as risks of falls if any borrow pits are exploited within

the forest.

To mitigate the impact, the contractor shall avoid sitting stationery equipment near Nkayamba

natural forest reserve, avoid any borrow pit within the forest and create awareness among project

workers not to be involved in hunting of wildlife.

6.2 major impacts during the operations and maintenance phase of the road

6.2.1 Socio-economic impacts

➢ Reduction in Vehicle Operating Costs and decrease of fuel consumption as good quality of

road will improve vehicle travel speeds.

The impact will be enhanced by ensuring proper and timely repair and maintenance of the road.

➢ Reduced Traffic Accidents due to rehabilitation and widening of the road and set up of safety

features, but also increased Traffic Accidents due to the augmented traffic volume and speeds,

especially at school crossings, and settlements.

The impact can be mitigated by (i) ensuring proper and timely repair and maintenance of the

road; (ii) installing appropriate warning signs at approaches to accident black spots including speed

restraining humps shall be constructed at approaches to settlements and schools and (iii) regularly

organize road safety campaigns and training programs.

➢ Increased Noise and Vibrations nuisance due the augmented traffic volume and speed.

The impact can hardly be mitigated for this type of road.

14

➢ Contribution to climate change effect: Increased traffic volume during the operation phase of the

road will increase the generation of Green Houses Gases, particularly CO2 and N2O exhaust gases.

The impact cannot be mitigated at this level.

6.2.2. bio-physical impacts

➢ Improved Ambient Air Quality due to the road rehabilitation.

This impact can be enhanced by encouraging people to plant strip street trees on road sides which

will provide cleaning effect, alleviating air quality deterioration effects.

➢ Improved Hydrology and Drainage due the road rehabilitation and upgrading.

The impact can be enhanced by proper and timely maintenance of the road furniture facility,

including de-silting of culverts and side drain.

➢ Wildlife Road Kills across Nkayamba Natural Forest Reserve due to accidents.

The impact shall be mitigated by installing speed restraining humps and posting warning signs at

both approaches to the game reserves.

➢ Risks of landside and Interruption of Road Transport during Rainy Season. Prevention

measures shall be (i) to promote watershed management with storm water drainage, trees and grass

on the western side of the road, (ii) maintain the drainage system construction along the road and

(iii) include in the road design the construction of retaining walls made of stones or concrete along

the road in critical areas prone to erosion and landslide.

7. EXPECTED RESIDUAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

MANAGEMENT

7.1 Residual effects of the Project

➢ Generation of Noise and Vibrations due to the road traffic, especially of heavy trucks. If noise

is likely to cause a nuisance at sensitive locations, additional noise suppression techniques will be

considered, but may not be cost effective for such small settlements.

➢ Soil Erosion due to vegetation clearing during the construction phase and during operation

phase due to the nature of the soil, high slopes and poor drainage of the watershed.

➢ Accidents Involving Community Members, livestock or wildlife due to the increased traffic.

➢ Grievances over Land/Properties Compensation and construction works: displacement and

loss of properties will result from acquisition of land and demolition of buildings in order to widen

the existing road, realignment of the existing road to improve safety, and borrowing of material.

Disputes and dissatisfaction of some land owners or users over the compensation process and/or

methodology cannot be avoided. Tensions may also appear between workers and communities at

particular times and locations during the construction phase given the number and range of impacts

that will affect communities. The mitigation measures proposed will minimize the project impacts

but there could be some non-addressed issues that could lead to loss of trust and increased

discontent with the project and project team.

7.2 Occupational, health and safety management

➢ Chemical health hazards associated with Handling of Cement, Wet-cement Products and wet

lime during construction of road pavement, culverts, and lined roadside drains. Workers working

with cement and wet-cement products are likely to be affected by respiratory infection and

dermatitis infection due to prolonged contact with cement and wet-cement concrete. The following

measures shall be in place: (i) workers handling cement to be equipped with PPE including hard

15

gloves, overalls, dust masks and heavy boots, (ii) mix of dry cement in well ventilated areas, and

(iii) contractor to ensure that construction workers adhere to hygiene measures and provide

sufficient water points for body washing.

➢ Chemical health hazards associated with exposure to bitumen/asphalt fumes from bitumen

processing plant or during spraying of bitumen, acute effects to workers are of headache, skin rash,

throat and eye irritation, and cough, with significant risks of lung cancer if prolonged exposure.

Same prevention measures to be applied.

➢ Physical health hazards and accidents resulting from (i) prolonged exposure to high noise levels

from plant and machinery on site or in workshops; (ii) continuous exposure of the hands to high

frequencies of vibrations from tools such as pneumatic hammers, concrete breakers, drills…; (iii)

manual handling injury from tools and machinery; (iv) accidents such as falling of people, objects

or materials, workers being struck by excavating machinery… Prevention measures shall be that

(i) Work areas shall well maintained, with proper disposal of tools, material and solid waste at all

the time, (ii) workers to be equipped with appropriate PPE and to be trained on the use of tools and

machinery and on safety measures.

➢ Fire and Explosion Risks related to activities at mechanical workshops during repair and

maintenance of construction equipment as well as materials that include lubricants (oils, grease

etc.), fuels, and bitumen, paints and solvents, brake fluids, battery acid which poses a risk of fire or

explosion. Prevention measures by the Contractor shall be that (i) to maintain appropriate fire

extinguishers within easy access at all work areas, (ii) recruit Safety Officer and (iii) prohibit

smoking in hot work areas (welding, cutting, and grinding).

➢ Increased Transmission of STIs/HIV and waterborne diseases due to construction workers

mobility, migration, and interaction with local people as well insufficient sanitary facilities (toilets

and water points) within the campsite or along the road under construction. Same prevention

measures mentioned above.

8. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISMS

8.1 Public Consultation and engagement

Public consultation with different stakeholders, aiming (i) to gather information related to population,

socioeconomic activities, environmental issues, sources of livelihood and living standards, (ii) collect

views, concerns, perceptions of stakeholders related to the rehabilitation of the road and (iii) enable project

acceptance and reducing resistance which would otherwise slow down or hamper the project

implementation.

Key stakeholders consulted are among others (i) the proponent of the project, (ii) the Ministry of

Environment and the Lake Tanganyika Authority, (ii) other relevant Government institutions, (iii) public

utilities agencies (REGIDESO, BBS, SETEMU), benefiting commune’s administration and communities

from the Direct Impact zone and Area of Influence.

Consultations and public meetings were held in six (6) different venues to allow community members to

participate fully by arranging close to their places of residences. People from groups of different interests

were involved as well as ward and village and district officials whereby varying views, concerns and

questions about the project were expressed by communities and other stakeholders and were collected by

the consultant team for review and or further use. The meetings were chaired by colline chairmen and

recording of minutes was done by colline secretary.

16

During consultation the stakeholders were briefed on the proposed road project as well as the ESIA process,

and the governing legislations. The public was then given opportunities to air their views and opinions

concerning the project. Potential impacts – both positive and negative impacts as well as mitigation

measures were also gathered as presented in the preceding section.

The road project is generally welcomed as it will improve regional integration and address issues of frequent

accidents occurring because of the narrowness of the road. Most of the concerns and recommendations

provided were considered in this assessment as well as in the RAP. Potential negative impacts mentioned

included soil erosion, deterioration of ambient air quality increased traffic accidents, pollution of water

resources, and disruption of public utilities during the road construction. The spread of HIV/AIDs, STIs

associated with immigrant road construction workforce, sitting of the construction camps and later the

presence of truck drivers that will use the project road were mentioned to be sociological impacts of the

project.

8.2 Grievance redress mechanism

A fair and effective complaints procedure will help to establish a legacy of trust and good relations with

communities. The level of trust will be determined by the quality of implementation of all measures, not

simply those related to community relations.

The project will as much as possible try to follow existing grievance resolution mechanisms in the area at

different levels. Through sensitization meetings, the communities along the road project will be informed

of different grievance mechanisms instituted for them to lodge their complaints and dissatisfactions.

9. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) was prepared as a standalone document; it

complements the ESIA and RAP reports as safeguards documents that analyses the scope and magnitude

of the expected impacts on the physical, biological and socio-cultural environment of the road project and

propose suitable mitigation and complementary measures based on the Code of Environment (June 2000)

and Procedure for Environmental Impact Assessment (October 2010) of Burundi, the East African

Guidelines and AfDB requirement standards.

The ESMP intends to outline the mitigating/ enhancing, monitoring, consultative and institutional measures

required to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental and social impacts, or to

enhance the project beneficial impacts. It shall also address capacity building requirements to strengthen

the Borrower’s safeguards capacities if necessary. Its aim is also to specify the environmental and/or social

loan conditions or covenants that are part of the project loan agreements to ensure that the project meets the

Bank’s safeguards requirements.

9.1 Environmental hazard management and contingency plan

An Environmental hazard management and contingency plan (ERP) was prepared additional to the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP). This a general plan through which the Contractor shall prepare

himself and response to an emergency environmental hazard following events such as worker injury,

epidemic outbreaks or serious pollution of water. The purpose of this ERP is to identify emergency

personnel and the logical sequence of actions that should be taken in the event of an emergency during

construction of the road project.

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9.1.1 Emergency Response Team

Prior to commencement of construction, the contractor will establish the ERT that may include the positions

listed below.

➢ Project Manager: will be the Incident Commander and will have an overall management of

emergencies, including the activation and deactivation of ERT

➢ Construction Manager: will be the Operation Manager and will be responsible for managing

emergency’ tactical activities as per ERP

➢ Environmental and Social (E & S) Manager and Health and Safety (H & S) Manager -

responsible for managing emergency’ tactical activities as per ERP

➢ Construction Supervisor/foreman: will be the Logistic Provider, whose responsibility will be to

provide logistical support for operations during emergency.

9.1.2 Emergency Communication Procedure

An important key to effective emergency response is a communication system which relays accurate

information quickly. To do this, mobile telephone communication method will be used, and personnel

trained. There will be alternative telephone numbers in case one fails by emergency (lack of signal or out

of charge). In the event that there are sections of the project road where mobile signals are either weak or

unavailable, the Contractor shall provide alternative mode of communications (say satellite phones or radio

calls) as alternative means of communication. The list of emergency telephone numbers will be made

accessible by all relevant personnel of the project. The emergency response plan posted in a noticeable

place on the project shall identify the designated equipment and the people to operate it.

9.1.3 Emergency response procedure

An emergency will be reported from any source: supervisor/ foremen, worker on site, an outside agency,

or the public. It should be borne in mind that circumstances may change during the course of an emergency.

The Incident Commander (Project Manager, and/or local emergency agency) will be responsible for the

coordination of all on-site activities including securing the area, accounting for personnel and the public;

and taking actions depending on the type of emergency.

Responders with appropriate training and fire suppression will be authorized to assist in fire emergency

response within the limits of their training and available equipment. Similarly, employees with appropriate

training and spill response and clean-up will be authorized to assist in an emergency response within the

limits of their training and available equipment. The Incident Commander will have the ultimate authority

over how to dispatch project employees to assist with an emergency response. A level 2 or 3 emergency

could cause a need for evacuation such as fire and explosion, particularly at quarry and camp site.

9.1.4 Emergency preparedness

Emergency Preparedness is essential for effective emergency response. Essential elements of emergency

preparedness will include: chain of Command (based on the ERT), resources (include medical first aid kits,

firefighting equipment, containment and clean equipment such as absorbent booms, pads, rice hull, sand),

training and public Education (Community Planning).

9.2 Monitoring and surveillance plan

The Supervising Engineer team will be responsible for regular monitoring of implementation of ESMP,

Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP), and Site Specific Health and Safety Management

18

Plan (SSHSMP) by the Contractor. The main tools that will be used for monitoring are checklists, visual

examinations, and quantitative measurements of environmental effects monitoring parameters. Written

records will be kept detailing the dates that monitoring took place and the findings of the monitoring.

Monitoring aimed at attaining the following objectives

➢ Collection of environmental and social baseline data as basis for gauging the effectiveness of

implementation of proposed mitigation measures;

➢ To ensure that mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have been adopted and are effective;

➢ To identify any negative impacts unforeseen during ESIA stage and propose appropriate mitigation

measures;

➢ To provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and effectiveness of

mitigation and benefit enhancement measures.

9.2.1 Modes of Monitoring

There will be two basic forms of monitoring:

➢ Surveillance Activities: Such activities will involve close observation to ensure that the proposed

mitigation and enhancement measures are effectively implemented during the road construction.

➢ Monitoring Activities: Such activities will consist of measuring and evaluating the project impacts

on some environmental and social components of concern and to implement remedial measures, if

found necessary. In that respect, prior to commencement of construction activities, during

mobilization phase the baseline data for environmental (air quality, water quality, noise level, etc.)

components at strategic locations (settlements, camp, quarry, borrow sites, and water courses.) shall

be collected and documented. The baseline data collected will be used to compare environmental

impacts of the “No Project” with the presence of the project and so determine the extent of impacts

caused by the project.

Within the monitoring activities, Effects monitoring will record the consequences of activities on

selected one or more environmental components. This will involve physical measurement of selected

parameters or the execution of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes. Measurement

Based Inspection will involve evaluation of trends in the values of environmental and social parameters

systematically measured (quantitatively and/or qualitatively) and collected, to ensure that they are within

acceptable legal and technical standards. This will involve collection of samples for analysis. In this, water

and air samples will be collected and analyzed. The main tools that will be used for monitoring are

checklists, visual examinations, and quantitative measurements of environmental effects monitoring

parameters. Written records will be kept detailing the dates that monitoring took place and the findings of

the monitoring.

10. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING

ARRANGEMENTS

10.1 Institutional arrangements

Implementation of the proposed mitigation and enhancement measures as well as monitoring plan will

involve a number of key players.

10.1.1 Office of Roads

OdR is responsible for the overall implementation, administration, and enforcement of the

recommendations of the ESIA. OdR will be responsible of:

19

➢ Ensuring that the ESMP provisions are included in all tender documents issued for construction

work and activities on site and shall monitor/enforce that the Contractor(s) abide by the

specifications thereof

➢ Ensure that the Supervising Consultant effectively supervises the Contractor(s) in the

implementation of ESMP and other legal and Contractual environmental and social requirements

of the Contract.

➢ Coordinating the implementation of the ESMP by the contractor(s)

➢ Providing OBPE with reports on environmental and social compliance as part of their annual

progress reports and annual environmental monitoring reports.

10.1.2 Supervising Consultant

The supervising Consultant (Engineer), who will be supervising the construction works, will be responsible

for overall project management. The Consultant will be responsible for ensuring day to day implementation

and compliance with the portions of ESMP relevant to their specific tasks.

To ensure effective implementation of the mitigations measures, the Supervising Engineer shall deploy an

Environmental and Social Specialist (ESS), who will be responsible for regular monitoring of

implementation of ESIA, ESMP, Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SSEMP), and

Site Specific Health and Safety Management Plan (SSHSMP) by the Contractor. He/she should as well be

responsible for ensuring that reporting of implementation of the measures is completed in accordance with

the requirements. The ESS will have the following responsibilities: (i) Review Contractor’s SSEMP and

SSHSMP; (ii) Monitoring the effectiveness of the ESMP and other mitigation measures. (iii) Asses the

performance of environmental controls and proposed mitigation measures; (iv) Ensure that the Contractor

corrects/ review mitigation measures that are not functioning acceptably; (v) Provide regular reports on

monthly basis on the status of the Contractor’s compliance with the ESIA, ESMP, SSEMP, and

SSHSMP.(vi)Provide input for the preparation of monthly progress report by the Supervising Engineer;

(vii) Visit the project site for 14 days every month and review relevant Contractors documents to determine

the compliance of the Contractor with SSHSMP.

If the ESS believes that there is a potential for unacceptable impacts, he/she may require changes in the

operating procedures or additional mitigations measures. If on the opinion of the ESS, there is serious

environmental, social, of health and safety violation by the Contractor, he/she may advise the Supervising

Consultant to suspend part or all works, until such time that the Contractor has rectified all the serious

environmental, health and safety deficiencies to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

10.1.3 The Contractor

The Contractor is the principal implementer of the mitigation/enhancement measures detailed under the

ESMP, with the close supervision of the Supervising Engineer team and shall develop Site Specific

Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) and Site Specific Health and Safety Management Plan

(SSHSMP). The two documents shall be reviewed and approved by the Engineer, after consultation with

the Employer. The contractor will have contractual obligation to ensure the control and limitations of

disturbance to the project site, routes, and its surrounding environment and communities during the

construction cycle of the project. The contractor shall therefore be required to comply with the ESMP

requirements.

Within 2 months upon notification of contract award, the contractors shall prepare and submit site specific

Environmental and Social Management Plan. The site specific ESMP shall describe in a detailed manner

specific actions and measures that will be required by the main contractors and their sub-contractors as

appropriate, in order to comply with minimum with the commitments made within the Contractor bids.

20

The Contractor shall employ the following minimum staff to assist him in implementing ESMP: (i) an

Environmental and Social Management; (ii) a Health and Safety Manager; (iii) a Traffic Management

Officer and (iv)a Human Resources Officer. The E & S Manager will be overseeing environmental and

social issues of the ESMP while the H& S Manager will be overseeing occupational health and safety issues

of the ESMP.

10.1.4 OBPE

OBPE is the main responsible agency for foreseeing development projects carried out in the Republic of

Burundi adequately; address environmental and social issues during the lifetime of the program. OBPE

shall therefore periodically carry out or assign an independent evaluator to carry out compliance monitoring

on the project sites and assess on any claims that has been raise; and request for compliance report on ESMP

and take necessary measures including fines to enforce compliance of the ESMP.

10.2 Capacity Building Program

The effective implementation of the ESMP requires that all persons working for the project are aware of

the environmental and social requirements for of the Contracts as well as their roles and responsibilities in

the implementation of the ESMP. They should also be aware of the significant tangible or potential

environmental impacts of their work activities; the benefits of improved performance and the consequence

of not complying with environmental requirements.

The Contractor shall provide appropriate training for their staff on ESMP and shall ensure that all site

personnel fully understand both the objectives of the ESMP and details of the plan that are relevant to their

individual tasks. During the road rehabilitation, the Contractor’s E & S and H & S shall device and

implement training programs on ESMP, but in certain situations when specialized training is required, an

outsourced person shall be invited to conduct the training.

The main Contractors should be aware that he/she is responsible for education and informing all Sub-

Contractors (if any).

The training shall include but not limited to the following areas, whose details will be established by the

Contractor’s Site Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SSESMP), which will be reviewed

and approved by the Supervising Consultant:

➢ Environmental Issues:

- Implementation of SSESMP

- Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan, monitoring methods and equipment

- Records keeping and reporting on compliance with SSESMP

- Communication methods and procedures

- Dealing with complaints

- Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan

➢ Health and Safety

- Organization and Responsibilities; especially Work site Management

- Occupational safety risk and prevention

- Site Safety Rules and location of first aid kits

- Safety Incident Plan including Incident responsible person, phone numbers and instructions to

call immediately

- Traffic Management Plan and Traffic Management Signs

- General Hazards present at work sites: mobile plant, working at height, manual handling and

use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

- The Safe Work Methods and other measures adopted to respond to the hazards.

- HIV/Aids, ISTs and waterborne diseases

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- Fire Prevention and Location of fire extinguishers

11. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING COSTS

The total cost for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans, excluding the cost of

compensation of affected properties is therefore USD 744,330 (USD Seven hundred forty-four thousand

three hundred thirty only).

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11.1 Summary of Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans, schedule and costs

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

Mobilization phase

Physi

cal

envir

onm

ent

i) Noise and

vibration

- proper maintenance of

construction equipment

- workers to wear PPE including

ear plugs

6 months - Level of noise, generated

by equipment and trucks

- Presence of exhaust

mufflers

- Use of ear plugs by staff

working in noisy

environment

-Equipment engines properly tuned

- All equipment fitted with mufflers

- All workers working in very noisy

environment equipped with ear plugs

- Noise level ≤ 85 dBA

Cost covered under

another item

ii) Pollution of

ambient air by

dust

- sprinkling water on the access

road to material borrow sites,

- cover dump trucks with

tarpaulin

- workers equipped with PPE

including dust masks

6 months -Level of dust generated

-Implementation of dust

abatement measures

-Use of dust

masks/Respirators

- frequency of dust abatement measures done

-all workers equipped with dusk mask

-Zero complains by workers and local

communities

-level of dust cloud PM2.5 ≤ 25μg/m3

Cost covered under

another item

iii) Soil erosion

- avoid unnecessary clearing of

vegetation

-avoid vegetation clearing,

trenching and stockpiling raw

material during raining season

- establish control measures for

runoff from access roads and

project road

- avoid opening borrow pits

within a buffer of 60m from

watercourse

6 months -implementation of

prevention measures

- condition of areas

adjoining rivers

- management of storm

water during construction

of bridges and culverts

- specified temporary and permanent erosion

control measures in place (grassing, checks,

stone pitching, and tree planting)

implemented

-specified measures to control surface runoff

in place

Cost covered under

another item

Bio

logic

al

env

iro

nm

ent

iv) Loss of

vegetation

- avoid unnecessary removal of

vegetation

- restore vegetation on borrow

pits and campsites after

completion, with local species

- stockpile the top soil to be reuse

for restoring vegetation

- cleared trees to be left for local

people

6 months -Implementation of

measures to minimize loss

of vegetation

- compensation paid for lost

vegetation

- Management of cleared

Trees

- Width of clearing confined to RoW

- volume of top soil stockpiled for future soil

restoration

- number of cleared trees handed over to the

community

-number of complaints from local

communities

Cost covered under

another item

vi) Traffic

accidents

- Limit project vehicles speeds

- Post warning signs at junctions

to material stock route

6 months - Flagmen deployed near

active construction sites and

material borrow sites

- Night-reflective warning

signs

- level of awareness of road users nearby

construction sites

- speed of project vehicles within

construction and borrow sites

- number of speed restraining bumps

Cost covered under

another item

23

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

-Physical barriers (concrete

barricades, tape etc.) in

place

-Speed-restraining humps

installed at approaches to all

accident black spots

-Pedestrians and other

traffic are rerouted away

from active construction

sites

-ground openings with

barriers to prevent any fall

by night and day

-All accidents and incidents

are reported immediately

measures to avoid similar

accidents set in place

- number of warning signboards and night

reflective warning signs

- number of deviations paths for pedestrian

and road users in place

- number of grounds opening protection

barriers set in place

-number of accidents occurred

- number of complaints collected and

addressed

vii) Creation of

employment

- Prioritize recruitment of the

local people

- Complies with Labour Code

(wages payment, age limit and

gender equity)

6 months -Age of employees

- ratio of local people/

immigrants employed

-Workers contracts Wages

paid to workers

- Working hours

- No workers under 16yrs employed

- Non- skilled jobs in favor of

Local people

- All workers have contract

- Working hours and wages in accordance

with Laws

Cost covered under

another item

Construction phase

Physi

cal

envir

onm

ent

i) Noise and

vibrations from

machinery and

trucks, blasting,

drilling and

rock

excavation

- regular maintenance of

machinery and fitted with

exhaust mufflers

- workers exposed to noise level

above the limit of 85dB equipped

with earplugs

- Prevent blasting of rocks at

quarry site during the night and

give advance notice to the

communities

- explosives to be stored in safe

and secured storing place

- handling of explosives to be

done by a person holding

blasting certificate issued by

relevant authority

- drilling sites for blasting to be

clearly marked with flags

36 months - Whether Contractors have

licenses for explosive

storage magazines

- Whether blasting done by

holders of blasting

certificates issued by

relevant authority

-Whether blasting done

between 08:00 - 16:00 hrs

- Contractors have licenses for explosive

storage magazines

- Blasting is done by holders of blasting

certificates issued by relevant authority

- Blasting is done between 08:00 and 16:00

hrs

- Overloading of scaffold is prevented

- no complaints collected

Purchase of sound

level meter for

measuring

noise level

at workplace @

USD 2,200/=

24

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

iii) Pollution of

ambient air by

dust and by

bitumen fumes

- Sprinkling of water on the

project road, diversion and

access roads to borrow sites

- Cover dump trucks with

tarpaulin

- Workers equipped with PPE

including dust masks when

required especially during

materials loading and bitumen

spraying

- Bitumen processing facilities to

be located in a well-ventilated

area to reduce concentration of

bitumen fumes

36 months -Level of dust generated

-Implementation of dust

abatement measures

-Use of dust masks

- Level of bitumen fumes

generated by equipment,

- Working environment for

workers exposed to fumes

- frequency of dust abatement measures done

-absence of clouds of dust

-all workers equipped with dusk mask

- number of complaints by workers and local

communities

No excessive smoke from equipment

-Equipment engine tuning, spray of bitumen,

painting, and welding done in a well-

ventilated area

Dust suppression by

spraying of water on

diversion and access

road @ USD

660/month

= 23,760/=

Purchase of dust level

meter for measuring

dust level at

workplace @ =

3,520/=

Generation of

Solid and liquid

wastes

- Green cutting and top soil to be

used to restore vegetation.

- Dump soil to be used to fill

borrow pits

- Demolition materials and all

non-biodegradable waste to be

collected and disposed following

OBPE instructions

- used motor oil to be safely

collected and disposed following

OBPE instructions

- toilets in the campsite and

mobile toilets and pit latrines

along the project road equipped

with appropriate soaked pits

36 months - wastes are managed,

treated, and disposed of as

prescribed

- lubricants containers

placed on concrete-paved

ground with secondary

containment

-filling and topping up of

lubricant is done by a hand

pump/funnel

-if there is no leakage of

fuel or oil from equipment

-used oil is kept in sealed

leak-proof containers on

concrete-paved ground

-if there are ablution

facilities at all work sites

- Wastes are managed, treated, and disposed

of as prescribed

- Lubricants containers placed on concrete-

paved ground with secondary containment

- Filling and topping up of lubricant is done

by a hand pump/funnel

- Topping up of lubricant done in the

presence of drip pan

- no leakage of fuel or oil from equipment

- Used oil is kept in sealed leak-proof

containers on concrete-paved ground with

secondary containment

- Used oil and fuel filters are stored in leak

proof containers on concrete-paved ground

secondary containment

-All work sites that last for at least month

have ablution facilities

Disposal of plastic

and

other hazardous

wastes

estimated @ USD

660/month for 36

months = 23,760/=

Risks of

Leakage of

Hazardous

Materials and

chemicals

including

concrete slurry

and wastewater

- Fuel shall be stored in onsite

tanks.

-Lubricating oils, paints,

solvents, grease shall be packed

in barrel and tins stored in a

concrete containment.

- Concrete slurry and wastewater

are collected or diverted to grass

or bare soil and shall not enter

storm water system

36 months -Implementation of

prevention measures

-operations of mechanical

workshops

-operations of bitumen

heating chipping and

precoating facilities

- reported occurrence of leakage of fuel or oil

from equipment

-status of the storage containment and

containers of all hazardous materials

- status of the storage containment and

containers for used oil and fuel filters

-status of the containers of bitumen (drums

stored on polythene lined level ground with at

least 10cm layer of sand)

Cost covered under

another item

25

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

- Absorbent materials such as

polypropylene boom and pads

saw dust will be kept on hand for

clean-up of spilled liquids on

pavement, water, and soil.

i) Roadside soil

erosion

- High or shallow fills and cuts

not paved or not covered by

permanent structures shall be

grassed

- Extent of disturbance shall be

limited and soil surface shall be

stabilized

- Existing vegetation shall be

preserved by confining

construction activities to road

alignment

- Storm water to be diverted from

undisturbed area by excavating

catch water drain

-check dams, sediment traps or

silt fence shall be installed to

control erosion on long steep

slopes adjoining watercourses

-Kerb stones shall be installed on

the edges of carriage way to

direct runoff from pavement to

down chutes

- disturbed river banks and heads

of bridges vicinity to be

stabilized by grassing

- drains shall be extended far

from the road and protected by

gabions to prevent formation of

erosion gullies along drainage

channels on steep slopes along

the road

36 months -implementation of

prevention

measures to prevent river

banks erosion and

sedimentation

- Level of sedimentation of

river systems

- Measures to prevent sedimentation are

implemented

-Turbidity as measured inNTU ≤ 10%

deviation from the baseline

- No complaint is received from downstream

users of a river

Cost of vegetation of

10ha unpaved high

fills, cuts and steep

road side

by grassing @ USD

6,600/ha =66,000/=

ii) Surface

water and soil

pollution

- as much as possible, concrete

works shall be isolated from

water courses and concrete

handling equipment shall not be

allowed near watercourses

36 months -lubricants containers

placed on concrete-paved

ground with secondary

containment

-filling and topping up of

lubricant is done by a hand

- No fuel or oil leak from equipment working

on river banks

-no refueling is done near

water courses

-No sign of floating hydrocarbon product

-Purchase of pH

meter

(for measuring pH of

water from streams)

during construction

@USD 1,330

26

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

- Servicing and/or re-fuelling of

equipment shall be restricted at

the workshop

- Excavated materials and other

construction materials shall not be

stockpiled or deposited near

stream banks, or near the edge of

the Lake

- Contractor to avail sufficient

sanitary facilities with septic

tanks within the campsites and

mobile toilets/pit latrines along

the road

-Code of Conduct for workers is

prepared, strictly forbidding

inappropriate or illegal behaviors

on site

pump, in presence of drip

pan

-management (including

storage) of lubricants and

bitumen

-management of used oil

and fuel filters

-Implementation of

measures to prevent cement

pollution

- Concrete works are

isolated

from water courses

- No washing of concrete

handling equipment is done

near water courses

- volume of waste oil, used oil and fuel filters,

empty bitumen drums collected for disposal

- Level of water pollution by cement

-no complaints from local people in the

downstream

-pH ≤ 1 deviation from the

baseline

-Purchase of turbidity

meter for measuring

turbidity of water

from streams during

construction

@ USD 3,100 Total

Cost = 4,430

Part of mobilization

cost for sanitary

facilities covered in

the

BOQ of the design

report

Concrete works

during

construction of

drainage

structures

-Use of Protective Gears such as

Alkali-resistant gloves, coveralls

with long sleeves and full-length

trousers, Water proof boots, Dust

masks and Eye safety protection

-Work practices such as Mix dry

cement in well ventilated areas,

Work upwind from dust sources,

use ready-mixed concrete instead

of mixing on site.

Skin in contact with wet cement

shall be washed immediately with

large amounts of clean water

36 months -Workers working with

cement and concrete are

equipped with appropriate

PPE are used

-Workers work in the

manner that minimizes

release of cement dust and

contact with wet cement

product

PPE are issued and worn-

out replaced

immediately

-Whether appropriate PPE

are used by workers working with cement and

concrete

-Whether workers work in the manner that

minimizes release of

cement dust and contact with wet cement

product

-Whether PPE are issued as required and

worn-out PPE are replaced as required

Cost of purchasing

assorted PPE @ USD

3,550/month for 36

months = 126,000/=

Bio

logic

al e

nvir

onm

ent

Illegal hunting

on Nkayamba

Natural Forest

Reserve /illegal

fishing in the

Lake and rivers

- creating awareness among

Contractor’s staff against illegal

hunting of wildlife in the forest

reserve or use of natural resources

- The contractor to prepare

SSEMP strictly forbidding

inappropriate or illegal behaviors

of workers on site

- No borrow pit shall be located

within Nkayamba natural forest

reserve or near the Lake or rivers.

36 months - Awareness of Contractor’s

workers about the protected

area

- Contractor’s staff are aware of the protected

area

- There are no evidence that Contractor’s staff

is hunting from the nature reserves

Cost covered under

another item

27

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

Loss of

Vegetation

- avoid unnecessary removal of

vegetation especially on the lake

shores and river banks.

- Confine clearing works to

within the working width of 12m

- 15m from the centerline of the

road.

- All the construction affected

surfaces shall be rehabilitated by

filling and grading.

36 months -Implementation of

measures to minimize loss

of vegetation

- compensation paid for lost

vegetation

- Management of cleared

Trees

- Width of clearing confined to RoW

- volume of Top soil stockpiled for future soil

restoration

- number of cleared trees handed over to the

community

-number of complaints by local communities

Cost of providing

3,000 trees and shrubs

seedlings,

transplanting

and managing until

well established

(including watering)

@ USD 22/tree =

66,000

Soci

o e

conom

ic e

nvir

onm

ent

Displacement

and Loss of

Properties

- All the affected properties shall

be compensated before

commencement of construction

works.

- Prior to demolishing buildings

owners of the properties shall be

allowed to salvage valuable

materials such roofing iron…

- a grievance redress mechanism

to be established and help address

complaints throughout the project

construction phase

36 months - Land acquisition

procedure

- implementation of the

RAP

- Land acquisition done in

accordance with land Code

- level of completion of the RAP

implementation

-number of complaints by local communities

Compensation of

properties (includes

crops, land, and

building as well as

accommodation,

disturbance, and

transport allowances

(USD 1,462,562/=

detailed in the RAP)

Disruption/

Destruction of

Public Utilities

and Service

- Constructor to work closely

with services providers for power

lines, optical fibers and water

and sewage pipes identification,

provide ducts for temporary

displacement and

relocation/restoration.

- one month early announcement

to communities using available

medias.

36 months - Consultation and site visits

with utilities agencies for

identification and planning

of earthworks

-Communication to local

communities impacted

- Implementation of

measures to prevent

disruption of access to

utilities

- Response to complaints

with regard to damaged

access to utilities

- Installation of power line

service ducts

-Reinstatement of damaged

utilities

-Minutes of consultation meetings with

power, water supply, sewage and optical fibre

management services providers

-number of press release to the community on

the expected disruptions

- Utilities within RoW carefully removed

before commencement of construction

- timely response to complaints with regard to

damaged utilities

- Locations of service ducts for cables and

pipes.

Provisional sum to

address water supply

disturbance

US$ 266,660/=

Risk of

Accidents from

borrow pits

- Contractor shall devise proper

traffic management, including

deploying a traffic management

36 months - Management of material

operational borrow areas

-constructor to choose borrow areas located at

minimum distance of 100m and approved by

the Engineer

Rehabilitation of

borrow pits estimated

area is 80ha @ USD

28

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

exploitation,

road

construction

and use of

machinery

personal at all active construction

sites.

- Contractor shall established

awareness signposts and night-

reflective traffic warning signs

affixed with reflective hazard

warning tape, to notify the public

from distant about potential

dangers.

- During excavation cycle, no

person shall be allowed in the

vicinity of the machine.

- contractor to prepare an

SSEMP strictly forbidding

inappropriate or illegal behaviors

for workers on the site and to

train workers on health and

safety

-avail first aid boxes on work

sites and facilitate transport to

health centers if any injuries

-all borrow pits and quarries

to be reinstated before

issuance of certificate to the

Contractor

-housekeeping maintained

all the time in the campsite

- Use of PPE by workers

including hard shoes and

helmets

-How excavation and lifting

by crane is done

-Implementation of

prevention

measures to workers and the

public for being hit by

equipment

-Scaffold is erected by

experienced scaffolders and

competent

-implement emergency

measures to treat any

injured worker

- ensure that all borrow pits and quarries are

self-draining

- depths of borrow pits limited to 3m and

quarry face is 10m

- All the workers are equipped with PPE

including hard shoes and safety helmets

- No workers and public in the trench near the

face or the slewing radius of the machine.

-Scaffold board is free from

unacceptable faults

supervision

All workers under the platform of workshop

are equipped with safety helmet and shoes all

times

- first aid boxes available on work sites

- number of accidents registered and injured

workers treated

220/ha = 17,600

Risk of

contracting

waterborne

diseases

after drinking

unsafe water or

eating unsafe

food

- Supply of safe drinking water

to workers

- Availability of sufficient

sanitation facilities with cleaning

water at work sites including

mobile toilets/latrines

-avail first aid boxes on work

sites and facilitate transport to

health centers

36 months Available safe drinking on

work sites

- Available clean sanitation

facilities with cleaning

water at work sites

Available first aid boxes on

work sites and transport

facilitate for sick workers

-Safe drinking water is supplied to workers at

all work sites

- All work sites that last for a month are

equipped with sanitation facilities with

cleaning water

- number of workers treated by health centers

Cost of purchasing

assorted PPE @ USD

3,550/month for 36

months = 126,000/=

Disruption of

Community

Access to their

Dwellings and

Business Areas

- The contractor shall provide

temporary/ permanent concrete

slabs across line drain for

pedestrians

- road design with permanent

access culverts and slabs

connecting to other roads

36 months - Availability of temporary

pedestrian access paths and

slabs across line drains

- temporary pedestrians crossing are availed

at all dwellings

- No complaints about lack of pedestrian

crossings

Cost covered under

another item

Impact to

Cultural Sites

-The Contractor shall work

carefully to avoid any damage to

the at Ruziba and Minago graves.

36 months - implementation of

measures to prevent damage

to graves

-all the graves within the ROW

are relocated in accordance

the law before commencement of

construction

Provisional sum for

relation of graves =

USD 5,000

29

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

- In the event that graves or

artefacts are identified within the

RoW, local authorities will be

contacted and the graves shall be

deconsecrated and relocated with

full participation of communities.

- Graves outside RoW are clearly marked/

and protected from damage

Social

Conflicts;

unwanted

pregnancies

and spread of

HIV/AIDS

- The Contractor hire an

experienced organization to

conduct a HIV/AIDS awareness

and prevention activities and

prepare and implement HIV

prevention program for the

community.

- contractor to prepare a SSEMP

strictly forbidding inappropriate

or illegal behaviors of workers in

the work site and train workers

on health and safety

36 months - level of HIV/AIDs

alleviation program

- Distribution of condoms

- condoms are distributed at

strategic points

- there is evidence that the

Contractor conducts training

-Whether No. of trainings

conducted are in accordance with approved

training program

Implementations of

HIV/ AIDS awareness

and prevention

program @ USD

2,200/ quarter for

12quarters

= USD 26,400/=

Demobilization phase

Generation of

solid waste

- Contractor to prepare and

implement the camp closure plan

after review and approval by the

Engineer (including fuel storage

facility, workshop, bitumen

storage and heating facilities).

- demolition and non-reused

material shall be collected and

disposed as per OBPE

recommendations

- reused material shall be

evacuated or handover to the

agreed institution

12 months - Implementation of

measures for management

of wastes

- Treatment and disposal of

wastes

- Wastes are managed, treated, and disposed

of as prescribed

Cost covered under

another item

Operation and maintenance phase

Physi

cal

env

iro

nm

e

nt

Improved

Hydrology and

Drainage

- ensuring proper and timely

maintenance of the road

including de-silting of culverts

and side drain.

Throughout

its operation

phase

specific road maintenance

work and equipment are

provided (de-silting of

culverts and drains,

signboards…)

Specific road maintenance work and

equipment provided in time

-

30

Impact Mitigation, enhancement

measures

Implement.

schedule

Parameter to be

Monitored

Indicator Costs

frequent

landside and

Interruption of

Road Transport

during Rainy

Season

-establish a watershed

management with storm water

drainage, trees and grass on the

western side of the road

-maintain the drainage system

construction along the road

-Planting of deep-rotted tree and

vetiver grass on the upper road

side to control the speed of runoff

36 months Whether specified

permanent erosion control

measures (top soiling,

grassing, checks, stone

pitching, and tree planting)

are implemented and

maintained

Specified permanent erosion control

measures (top soiling, grassing, checks, stone

pitching, and tree planting) are implemented

Planting of 5 rows of

deep rotted trees

(4,000 trees)

@ 4m X 5m spacing

for a stretch of 4km

(@ USD 22/ trees

=88,000

Lump sum amount for

planting and

managing vetiver

grass = USD 25,000

Bio

logic

al

env

iro

n.

Accidents with

wildlife across

Nkayamba

Natural Forest

Reserve

- ensuring proper and timely

maintenance of the road

including de-silting of culverts

and side drain.

- Establish and maintain speed

restraining humps and warning

signposts

Throughout

its operation

phase

-

Soci

oec

onom

ic e

nvir

onm

ent

Increased

Traffic

Accidents

- Establish and maintain speed

restraining humps and Zebra

crossings with appropriate

warning signposts near to

settlements, school children, and

livestock crossings.

-road safety awareness campaign

Throughout

its operation

phase

-

Reduction of

Vehicle

Operating Costs

and Energy

Consumption

-ensuring proper and timely

repair of the project road.

Throughout

its operation

phase

-

TOTAL USD 744,330

31

12 CONCLUSION

The road upgrading is essential for the development of the economy of Burundi, the neighboring countries

of Tanzania, Rwanda, and EAC at large. The project will have both positive and negative impacts to the

environment and the local communities along it.

Among the positive impacts the project will have are improved road safety, reduced transport and

transportation costs, improved tourism, and regional integration while one of the most negative significant

sociological impacts that will result from the road project will be loss of properties and resettlement owing

to widening, realignment and improvement of the existing road safety. Other negative impacts will include

soil erosion, pollution of water resources, and disruption of public utilities during the road construction as

well as increasing risks of spreading of HIV/AIDs, STIs associated with immigrant road construction

workforce.

Measures have been proposed to enhance or mitigate the impacts of the project intervention to the

communities and their environment. It has estimated that the cost of implementing the predicted adverse

environmental impacts, is of $ US 744,330 (Seven hundred forty-four thousand three hundred thirty US

dollars only). The costs of compensation of affected properties as reported in the standalone RAP report is

of 3.764.384.733 BIF which is around $ US 2,135,215 (two million one hundred thirty-five thousand

two hundred and five US dollars only).

13 References and Contacts

References :

• Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for the Proposed Rehabilitation of

Bujumbura – Rutunga – Rumonge Road (77,6km) Section in Bujumbura City, Bujumbura

Rural, and Rumonge Provinces.

• Burundi African Economic Outlook 2012, African Development Bank

Contacts

• NDIKUMWAMI, Senior Transport Engineer:

Email: J.NDIKUMWAMI@AFDB.ORG

• J. B AGUMA, Principal Transport Economist

Email: J.AGUMA@AFDB.ORG

• P. HORUGAVYE, Socio-economist, SNSC

E-mail : p.horugavye@afdb.org

• E.B. KAHUBIRE, Social Development Officer, RDGE4 /SNSC

E-mail: e.kahubire@afdb.org

• F. KAYIGAMBA ; environnemental expert, consultant, SNSC

E-mail:f.kayigamba@afdb.org

32