Counselling Level Three

Week 11PCC in Action and Assignment Workshop

(including Harvard Referencing)

You will be invited to: • Check-in with yourself and the group using Pip Wilson’s

blob tree.• Ask questions about the assignment and share plans

and ideas.• Understand the nature and importance of referencing.• Access some useful resources for referencing.• OR. Consider how we can know if counselling works? (a

mind shower and recorded discussion).• Hand in your finished assignment on or before January

21st. • You may e mail it to: counselling@karenwales.co.uk or

hand in a hard copy.

Introduction to referencing.

• What is referencing?• Why is referencing

important?• What is plagiarism?• When do we need to

reference?• Which referencing style

should you use?• How does Harvard

referencing Work?

What is Referencing?

‘Referencing (also called citing) means taking ideas or words from something you have read, listened to, or watched and putting them in your assignment to support your discussion and analysis. Whenever you use the work of someone else in your coursework, you must reference the source in your assignment text and in your bibliography or reference list.’ (Edge Hill, 2014:5)

Referencing

• Referencing is an important academic skill• It lets others know what research and reading

you have carried out.• It enables others to locate and check the

sources which inform your work and opinions.• It adds academic credibility to your work• It helps you to avoid plagiarism (passing off

another’s work as your own).

Help!

• You do not need to become an expert in referencing to pass the course.

• However, you do need to demonstrate your growing understanding of referencing and be able to use some referencing skills.

Harvard Referencing – Why use Harvard?

• The most frequently used system for referencing in British colleges and universities Harvard Referencing.

• It is also known as the “author-date” system. • The Adult College, Ascentis Awarding Body and

University of Cumbria all ask for Harvard Referencing.• Two really good sources for Harvard Referencing

include:

When do I need to reference my work?

• Whenever you have paraphrased, quoted or copied from a source (book, journal, radio programme, website, DVD, tutor notes…)

• And…• Whenever your work or opinions have been influenced

by what you have read, watched or heard.• paraphrase – when you refer to someone else’s

information or ideas, but using your own words.• quotation – when you include someone else’s

information or ideas, word for word (this needs to be in quotation marks)

• Reproduction – e.g. a picture, song… Also, you need to reference your own work if you have included it in another assignment

How do I Reference using the Harvard System?

1. What you include within the text

2. What you include at the end, in your reference list and/or bibliography.

There are two main parts to Harvard Referencing:

Reference List? Bibliography?

• There is some inconsistency. Tutors and colleges will have different preferences. I prefer two lists to be presented at the end of the work:

• Reference List: a list of the sources cited within the text/assignment in alphabetical order by author or organisation

• Bibliography: a list of sources which have not been directly cited or quoted, but which have contributed to the student’s understanding of the topic.

• Some organisations or tutors are happy for the two to be combined in one bibliography.

Getting Started. In order to reference your work , you need to identify and

record important information about the sources used. You are strongly advised to make a record of this

information as you go along.Different information is required, depending on the source. e.g. a book: author/s or organisation, year of publication,

title, edition, place where the work was published, name of the publisher

e.g. an item on a website: author/s or organisation, year in which published/last updated or, if unavailable, the year accessed, title of the internet site, URL, date accessed by you.

e.g a handout – who wrote it, title, course and, if on MOODLE, date accessed, website and address.

Paraphrasing – using your own words to communicate someone else’ ideas

In the text (the body of your assignment) you include enough information for the reader to be able to find the relevant entry in the reference list at the end:

e.g. in the text:

Mearns and Thorne express the view that a poor self concept is the likely consequence of frequent judgement and criticism from society and significant others. (2007)

In the reference list:

Mearns and Thorne (2007) Person-centred counselling in action. 3rd ed. London: Sage.

Referencing a quotation – using the authors’ own words.

In the text:

Mearns and Thorne argue that: • ‘The person who has been unlucky enough to be

surrounded by those who are sharply critical and judgemental will have been forced to resort to all manner of strategies in order to achieve a modicum of approval and positive regard… …the self concept is likely to be poor’ (2007:15)

In the reference list:

Mearns and Thorne (2007) Person-centred counselling in action. 3rd ed. London: Sage.

Quoting from a website

The following article is available via our MOODLE website. In the text: Mulhauser (2012) informs us that: ‘The person-centred approach views the client as their

own best authority on their own experience, and it views the client as being fully capable of fulfilling their own potential for growth’

In the reference list:Mulhauser (2012) ‘An introduction to Person-centred

Counselling’. Counselling Resource. available at: http://counsellingresource.com/lib/therapy/types/person-centred [accessed 20th December, 2012]

Secondary Citations/quotations(when an author quotes or cites another

author)Often, authors refer to or cite the works of other authors.

Unless you are able to find the original source, then you need to acknowledge the use of a secondary source. For example:

In the text:• ‘It has been found that personal change is facilitated

when the psychotherapist is what he is, when in the relationship with his client he is genuine and without front or ‘façade’.’ (Rogers cited in Sanders, 2011:96).

In the reference list:• Sanders (2011) First steps in counselling; a students

companion for introductory courses. Ross-on Wye: PCCS Books

Quoting from tutor notes.

• Author or tutor• Year of publication (in round brackets)• Title of item (in single quotation marks)• Name of academic module (in italics)• [on-line]• Available at: URL of VLE (i.e. MOODLE)• (accessed date)

Example:

“You do not have to become an expert to pass this course” (Wales, 2012)

In reference list:

Wales (2012) ‘Assignment workshop: including Harvard Referencing’. Ascentis Counselling L3 2013/14 Thursday [on-line]. Available at http://www.lancashireadultlearning.net/course/view. [accessed 2nd January 2014] - restricted access.

What to do next

• Think about the sources you have used for your assignment.

• Make a list.• Use the Edge Hill Guide (on-line) to check or guide your

referencing.• What needs to be included in the text?• What needs to be included in the reference

list/bibliography?

Second Assessment – Progress Review

• You will be put into groups, depending on how much preparation you have done.

• Consider each of the three parts of the assessment in turn.

• Share ideas about what to include in each section. • Make sure you have included some key concepts and

terminology.

• Reflect on this way of working on your assessment. What have you gained?

Assessment 2

1. Describe some of the key concepts or beliefs which underpin Roger's Person-centred counselling and explain how they influence person-centred practise.

2. Outline Roger's theory of personality development and the self concept. Illustrate your work with examples from your own life.

3. Explain how a relationship based on core conditions can help clients to address their problems.

(Refer to assessment briefing sheet for further suggestions and requirements.)

Next week

• Please hand in your finished assignment on or before 21st January.

• You will also then be invited to give feedback on the course to date; and introduced to a way of evidencing your progress for yourself, employers and other organisations, the college and the external awarding body.

• We will start the next phase of our course which involves looking at different counselling approaches.

Reference List

• Cottrell, S. (2013) The Study Skills Handbook. 4th Ed London: Palgrave MacMillan

• Edge Hill University Learning Services (2014) ‘Skills Guide, Harvard Referencing’ http://www.globalbuiltenvironmentreview.co.uk/Documents/Harvard_Referencing.pdf [accessed 9th January 2014]

• Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite Them Right 9th Ed London: Palgrave MacMillan