counseling theories
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Counseling Theories. Existential philosophy. Approach to human relationship, not a set of techniques Stresses individual responsibility, choice, freedom Accept your aloneness and create meaning You’re the author of your life. Existential philosophy. Self awareness - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Existential philosophy
• Approach to human relationship, not a set of techniques
• Stresses individual responsibility, choice, freedom
• Accept your aloneness and create meaning
• You’re the author of your life
Existential
Goals• Help client make critical
choices• Accept
freedom/responsibility that accompany action
• Challenge client to recognize ways they aren’t authentic and make choices leading to showing what they’re capable of
Key concepts• Self awareness• Anxiety is inherent, but…• Death The Dash• Meaning of life• Good for those seeking
personal growth, especially at life transitions
Solution Focused Brief TherapyPhilosophy
• Clients are experts in their life
• Don’t let anxiety get in the way
Brief Therapy techniques
• Miracle ?-- How would life be different if you woke up tomorrow and you were “fixed”?
• Look for what’s working…When was the last time you remember getting along w/your father? ID exceptions
• scaling
Cognitive Theory (Philosophy)
• What area of your life do you want to improve?
• Change core beliefs
• Problem solving oriented
Cognitive Behavior Theory
Goals• modify beliefs• Id distorted beliefs so
client can relate to others differently
Key concepts• Self talk• Assertiveness training• Relaxation• Social skills training• Rate intensity of
feeling• Depression/suicidal
scale
Family Systems TherapyPhilosophy
• Impt to deal w/all parts of system if change is to take place
• Lots of stories and each is true, No absolute reality so we don’t judge
• Dysfunction is w/i the system
Family Systems therapytechniques
• Adlerian—birth order, unlock mistaken goals so they can get to effective parenting
• Bowen—myths , rules, multi-generational, therapist MUST stay neutral
Behavior therapyPhilosophy
Behavior is product of learning
• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Social learning
• Cognitive behavior
Behavior therapy
Goals• Eliminating
maladaptive behavior and learning a more effective behavior
Key concepts• Specific treatment
goals• Any technique can be
incorporated (i.e. assertiveness training)
• Good for multi cultural• flooding
Multi-modal
• B ehavior• A ffect• S ensation• I magery—memories, dreams, fantasies• C ognition—insight ideas, self-talk, values,
judgments• I nterpersonal relationships• D rugs/Diet
Multi modal methods
• Design interventions
• Concrete/measurable goals
• Role play
• Data collection, feedback to change behavior
Reality Therapy
• We choose our behavior and how we 1. ACT 2. THINK3. FEEL irresponsible vs. responsible
• Behaviors aimed at satisfying needs ofSURVIVAL, LOVE, BELONGING, POWER,
FREEDOM• Accept personal responsibility
Reality therapy
Goals• Help people find better
ways (in other words not irresponsibly) to meet needs for survival, love, belonging, power, freedom, fun
• And accept responsibility• Making decisions, taking
action and control of one’s own life
• Key concepts
It’s confrontational! WDEP
W wants, exploring needs/perceptions
D direction, what r u doing, where is it leading
E valuation, challenge
P lanning
We only control our own behavior. 80/20
Reality Therapytechniques
• No excuses
• Brainstorm
• New plan
• Logical consequences
• So is it or did it work?
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Goals• Challenge illogical
thinking• Re-education
Key concepts• + self talk• Overgeneralization• Distortions• Catastrophizing• Fortune telling• Misused words
(SHOULD, OUGHT, ALWAYS, NEVER)
• Don’t have to be loved/accepted
REBT techniques
• A actual event
• B belief system re: event
• C consequences for that belief
• D isputing the irrational belief
• E ffect of Self-Talk
• F eeling
Person Centered therapy
Goals• Have client teach us
about their life• Provide a safe climate
so they can drop pretenses
• Key concepts• Active listening• Empathy• Unconditional positive
regard for client• Non judgmental• Reflecting client’s
feelings• genuineness
Gestalt philosophy
• Here and now
• Ask WHAT/HOW---not WHY?’s
• Client is active in therapy as they come to grips with thoughts, feelings, & actions
• No interpretation, force awareness
Gestalt
Goals• Accept what we are
or are not and• Self awareness
Key concepts• Confront incongruent
behaviors, thoughts, actions
• Body lang, non-verbal cues are key in determining thoughts & feelings
• Unfinished business
Gestalt techniques
• Empty chair—role play
• Visualization• Fantasy • Projection
“I” not “you”
“won’t” not “can’t”
“how, what” not
“why”
Psycho-dynamic philosophy
• Humans can be understood by looking at where they are going and what they are striving toward
• YOU are in control• Get over inferiority; strive for S-U-C-C-E-S-S• + view of human nature
Psychodynamic (Adlerian)
Goals• Help clients
understand why they act like they do
• Challenge mistaken notions and faulty assumptions
• RCB stuff
Key concepts• Good listening
skills/reflection• Homework• Birth order• Thinking patterns
motivated by social interest
• Early recollections• Family constellation