council of europe annual penal statisticsmarcelo f. aebi mélanie m. tiago christine burkhardt...
TRANSCRIPT
MarceloF.Aebi
MélanieM.Tiago
ChristineBurkhardt
UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland
FINAL
REPORT
CouncilofEurope
AnnualPenalStatistics
SPACEI–PrisonPopulations
Survey2014
Strasbourg 23December2015
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ThisreporthasbeenwrittenbyMarceloF.Aebi,MélanieM.TiagoandChristineBurkhardtonbehalfof
theCouncilforPenologicalCooperation(PC-CP)oftheCouncilofEurope,Strasbourg,France.
The report has been prepared under a contractwith theActionagainstCrimeDepartment, InformationSocietyandActionagainstCrimeDirectorate,DGI -DirectorateGeneralHumanRightsandRuleofLaw oftheCouncilofEurope.IthasalsoreceivedsupportfromtheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.
CountrybasedinformationonpenalinstitutionsandprisonpopulationswascollectedthroughtheSPACEI2014questionnaire(Ref:PC-CP(2015)7)andanalysedbytheauthorsofthisreport.Inaddition,during
thepreparationofthereport,threevalidationprocedureswereapplied:internal,cross-nationalandpeer-
review.
Theresponsibilityforthecontentofthisreportlieswiththeauthors,andthecontentdoesnotrepresent
the views of the Council of Europe; nor is the PC-CP responsible for any use thatmay bemade of the
informationcontainedherein.
Suggestedcitation[APAnorms]:
Aebi,M.F.,Tiago,M.M.&Burkhardt,C.(2015).SPACEI–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Prisonpopulations.Survey2014.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope
©CouncilofEurope&UniversityofLausanne,2015
Reproductionisauthorised,exceptforcommercialpurposes,providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.
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Key points of SPACE I 2014 1. Theparticipationrateinthe2015SPACEISurveywas96%:50outofthe52PrisonAdministrations
ofthe47MemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropeansweredthequestionnaire.
2. ThemedianEuropeanPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]was124.0inmatesper100,000inhabitants.Thisrepresentsadecreaseof7%comparedto2013(133.4prisonersper100,000inhabitants).Asmedian
calculated values are less sensitive to the extreme figures (i.e. very longprisonpopulation rates in
smallcountrieswithlessthan1mlninhabitants),itispreferabletousethesevaluesasamorereliable
alternativetotheaveragefigures.
3. On1stSeptember2014,therewere1,600,324inmatesheldinpenalinstitutionsacrossEurope.Onthe
samedatein2013,therewere1,530,222inmates(thistotaldoesnotincludeUkrainianfigureswhich
weremissingfor2013)and,in2012therewere1,737,061inmates.
4. On1stSeptember2014,Europeanprisonswereat the topof theircapacity,holding94 inmatesper
100 places (median value). In particular, 27.5% of the Prison Administrations were experiencing
overcrowding.Since2009,theEuropeanprisondensityremainsclosetothemaximum.
5. Themedianageof theEuropeanprisonpopulationwas34years,which is thesameas in2013and
2012.
6. Themedianproportionoffemaleinmateswas5.0%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Comparedtothe
sameindicatorin2013(4.7%),thereisnosignificantdifference.22.5%offemaleinmateswerepre-
trialdetainees.
7. The median proportion of foreign inmates was 13.3% of the total prison population (the average
value was 21.7%). Yet, there are very big differences between countries, from 0.7% in Poland to
96.4%inMonaco.
8. Lengthofcustodialsentences:
a. Themedianproportionofsentencedprisonerswhowereservingsentencesshorterthanone
yearwas15.2%,whichishigherthanin2013(13.4%)and2012(13.9%).
b. Themostcommoncategoryoflengthofsentenceswastheonelastingfromonetolessthan
threeyears(themedianpercentageofinmatesservingsuchsentenceswas23.8%).
c. Around 14.3% of inmates were serving very long sentences of 10 years and over. This
proportionremainedclosetotheoneof2013(11%)and2012(10%).
9. Prisoners serving a final sentence had been convicted mainly for the following types of criminal
offences(medianvalues):drugoffences(17%),theft(14%),robbery(13%),andhomicide(12%).
10. The average lengthof imprisonment in2013was9months,which is higher than in thepast threeyears(whenitwasabout8months).Thedurationofthepre-traildetentionremainedthesameasin
2012and2011(about4months).
11. Themedianmortalityratein2013was28deathsper10,000inmates,thesameasin2012.Thereisanincreasecomparedto2011whenthisindicatorshowed26deathsper10,000inmates.
12. Suicidesrepresent19%ofalldeaths.31%of theprisonerswhocommitedsuicidewere inpre-trialdetention(medianvalues).
13. Theaverageamountspentperdayandperinmatein2013was99Euros.Itis2Eurosmorethanin2012(97Euros).Ontheotherhand,themedianamountis45Euros,3Eurosmorethanin2012(42
Euros).TheamountsvarywidelyacrossEurope:from3to685Eurosperdayandperinmate.The45
PrisonAdministrationsthatprovideddataonthisitemhadspentmorethan27,000milionsofEuros
in2013.
14. Therewereabout3inmatesperonecustodianin2014.Thisratioremainedthesameasin2013.
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Contents
KeypointsofSPACEI2014____________________________________________________2
Contents __________________________________________________________________3
SurveyBackground__________________________________________________________5
0.1Generaloverview_____________________________________________________________ 5
0.2Generalnotes________________________________________________________________ 7
0.3MainmodificationsmadeinthelatestSPACEIsurveys(2008-14)______________________ 8
ExplanatorynotestotheReport_______________________________________________9
1. GlobalIndicatorsofPrisonPopulationson1stSeptember2014_______________________ 9
2. PrisonMovementsduring2013________________________________________________ 15
3. PrisonStaff________________________________________________________________ 20
ConventionsandStatisticalMeasures ______________________________________________ 21Conventionsused___________________________________________________________________21Measuresofcentraltendency_________________________________________________________21
DemographicData______________________________________________________________ 22
DataValidationProcedure _______________________________________________________ 23
StatisticalTables___________________________________________________________24
i. PrisonPopulations:Globalindicatorson1stSeptember2014________________________ 25A.1.Legislativeandothermeasureswhichdirectlyinfluencetrendsinthenumberofprisoners_____26Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014 _______________________________36Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmatesintable1 _______________________37Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014(bycategories)__________________45Figure1.a:Countrieswithmorethan100prisonersper100000inhabitants(highestprisonpopulationrates)_____________________________________________________________________________50Figure1.b:Countrieswithprisonpopulationovercrowding(morethan100prisonersper100places)50Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSept.2014:Adjustedfigures ____________________51Table1.4:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures) __________________________________________________52Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2014___________________________54Table1.6:Year-to-yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013and2014_____56Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility _________________________________________________58Table2.1.:MinorsandpersonsAged18andoveron1stSeptember2014_______________________59Table2.2:Minorsamonginmateson1stSeptember2014___________________________________60Figure2:Countrieswiththeyoungest(lessthan34years)prisonpopulationclassifiedbydecreasingmedianage________________________________________________________________________63Table2.3:AverageandMedianagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2014_____________63Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2014_________________________________________64Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2014___________________________________________67Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2014 __________________________________________70
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Table4.a:Asylumseekersandillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsamongforeigninmateson1stSeptember2014_________________________________________________________________ 72Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2014(numbers)___________________ 75Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2014(percentagesandrates)___ 79Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 81Table6:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) ___ 84Table6.1:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)85Table7:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) 90Table7.1:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stseptember2014(percentages)______________________________________________________________________ 96Table7.2:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(cumulativepercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 97Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)________________________________________________________ 98Figure3:Countrieswithhighestpercentagesofprisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear________ 99
ii. PrisonMovementsduring2013_______________________________________________100Table8:FlowofEntriestoPenalInstitutionsin2013______________________________________101Table9:FlowofReleasesfromPenalInstitutionsin2013__________________________________105Table10:TurnoverRatioofinmatesIN2013____________________________________________111Figure4:CountrieswithlowestturnoverratiosIn2013____________________________________112Table11.A:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions___________________________________________________________113Table11.B:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalstockofinmatesinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013_______________________________________________116Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2013 ____________________________________117Table13:DeathsinPenalInstitutionsin2013(bytypeofregistereddeath)____________________119Table13.1:SuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2013_________________________________________121Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2013 ________________________122Table14:Expensesinpenalinstitutionsin2013(in€)_____________________________________125Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2013,inTable14______127
iii. PrisonStaff ______________________________________________________________131Table15:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) ___________________________________________________________________132Table15.1:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)_______________________________________________________136Table15.2:StaffworkinginsidePenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)_______________________________________________________137Figure5:StaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsOn1stSeptember2014,Percentages____________138Table16:Staff(FTE)workinginPenalInstitutionsbutnotemployedbythePrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)____________________________________________139Figure6:HighestratiosofinmatesperonecustodianOn1stSeptember2014__________________142Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2014______________________143
ListofTablesandFigures __________________________________________________ 144
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COUNCILOFEUROPEANNUALPENALSTATISTICS–SPACEI2014:SURVEYONPRISONPOPULATIONS
MarceloF.Aebi,MélanieTiagoandChristineBurkhardt1
Survey Background
0.1 General overview TheSPACEI2014annualreportispartoftheSPACEproject2.Thisprojectproducesannualoverviewon
mainindicatorsofcustodialandnon-custodialactivitiesinallMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope.
The firstpartof theproject(SPACEI)providesdataonthepopulationsheld incustodyand/or inothertypes of penal institutions across Europe. Moreover, this report contains useful information about the
conditions of detention (e.g. capacity, expenses, staff), as well as about the custodial movement (e.g.
entries,releases,deaths,escapes).
The second part of the project (SPACE II), focuses on persons serving non-custodial sanctions andmeasures. A separate report3is produced on these categories of penal populations supervised in
community.
Both reports have the common goal of ensuring as much as possible the collection, analyses andinterpretationofreliabledatathroughacommonmethodology.Inparticular,thequestionnairesusedfor
the collection of the data were designed to allow the maximum comparability between Prison
administrationsandProbationagencies,aswellasamongMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope(CoE).
For writing this report, national raw data and comments were collected by means of the standard
questionnaire,whichwasansweredbycorrespondentsineachCoEMemberState.Generally,thenational
correspondentsinchargeofcollecting,explainingandvalidatingtherawdataarerepresentativesofthe
PrisonAdministrations.
Since2004, theSPACEquestionnairesare regularly improvedon thebasisofpreviousexperiencesand
accordingtotheassessmentsmadebyexternalpeerreviewersandCoErecommendations.SPACEI2014
questionnaire corresponds to the methodological requirements adopted for the present survey and
ensuresasfaraspossiblethecomparisonwiththehistoricalSPACEIseries,startedin1983.
Themodificationsmadesince2004allowabettervisibilityofthecategoriesincludedbyeachcountryin
theirstatistics.The largeamountofdetails iscollectedthroughthemetadata4comprisingnationalrules
applied forproducingprisonstatistics.Theanswers to thesequestions–presentedmainly inTable1.1–
1MarceloF.Aebi,Professor,MélanieM.Tiago,ResearcherandChristineBurkhardt,Researcher:SchoolofCriminalSciences:CriminologyandPenalLaw,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland2WebsiteoftheSPACEProject:www.unil.ch/space
3Aebi,M.F.&Chopin,J.(2015).SPACEII–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Personsservingnon-custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Survey2014.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope 4Metadatacorrespondtothecategoriesofinformationthatdescribeandexplainthestatisticaldata.InSPACEreportsthemetadataarepresentedasconstitutivesubcategoriesofthelargervariables(e.g.totalprisonpopulation),aswellastheguidelinesappliedwhilethe
dataarecollected(e.g.specialdefinitionsofthecategoriesofoffences,ofthelengthsofsentencesimposed,theapplicationofthemain
offence rule).Moreover, the larger understanding ofmetadata bring through the comments the clarifications related to the national
classifications,legislationsandotherframeworkdecisionslikelytohaveinfluencedthecategoriesofprisonpopulations.
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suggest that cross-national comparisons of prison populations must be conducted cautiously as the
categories included in the total number of inmates vary from country to country. The same is true for
comparisonsofprisonmortality(seeTable13&13.2)and,morespecifically,ofsuicidesoccurredinpenalinstitutions(seeTable13.1).
SPACEWEBSITE Aside from the data presented in this report, the Website of the SPACE project
provides some other useful information on custodial and non-custodial activities
acrossEurope(e.g.recidivismstudies,useful linksandaddresses inregardwiththe
PrisonandProbationadministrations).
Atthemomentofpublicationofthisreport,ontheSPACEWebsitearepresentedthemostrecentdataon
thenumberofinmates,theprisondensityandtheprisonpopulationratesavailableon1stJanuary2015.
PROJECTDEADLINES ConcerningthedeadlinesoftheSPACEI2014survey,itshouldbestatedthatthedata
collectionstartedmid-June2015,whenallPrisonAdministrationsoftheCoEMember
Statesreceivedthequestionnaire.Thedeadlineforthedata-collectionwasseton15th
July2015.Atthisdate,only13countriesansweredthequestionnaire.
Two additional extensions of the initial deadline were allowed. The data collection lasted until 20th
October2015. Inthemeantime,34ofrespondingadministrationswerecontactedwithdiverserequests
relatedtothedata-validation.
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0.2 General notes Figuresonprisonpopulation(stock)aswellasonstaffemployedbyprisonadministrationsrelateto1stSeptember2014;whilethenumberofentries/releasesinto/frompenalinstitutions(flow),totalnumberofdaysspent in these institutions,and incidents thatoccurredduring theyear (i.e.escapes,deathsand
suicides)relatetothewholeyear2013.
Whendataon1stSeptember2014werenotavailable, theMemberStateswereasked touse theclosest
possibledateofreference.TheexceptionsareexpresslystatedinthenotestotheTablesconcerned.
Theforty-sevenMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropein2014countedfifty-twoPrisonAdministrationsundertheircontrol.
Fifty(96%)ofallPrisonAdministrationsansweredtheSPACEI2014Questionnaire
Two Prison Administrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina did not answer the survey despite several
reminders:
ü BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Federation)
ü BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Satelevel)
Datawere not available for the following geopolitical entities: Crimea, Transdniestria, Abkhazia, South
Ossetia,Nagorno-KarabakhandthedependenciesinEurope,i.e.FaroeIsland,Gibraltar,Guernsey,Isleof
Man,Jersey.
Datanotincluded:Belarus(notaCoEmember),northernpartofCyprusandKosovo.
For the northern part of Cyprus and Kosovo, some figures are available and shown for information
(althougthdatawerenotcollectedbySPACEteam).
Themajorityof thecountriesansweredthequestionnairebeyondthedeadline(the initialdeadlinewas
seton15th July2015).Moreover,somecountriesdelayedthesupplyof theirresponsesuntilSeptember
2015.LastthreequestionnairesweresentduringOctober2015.
At the same time, for some of the countries that answered the questionnaire on time, the validation
process(seeDataValidationProcedure)tookseveralmonths.
Finally, for a few countries (and in particular for some specific figures) the data validation procedure
couldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.Asmallpart of the figures which seemed to be totally unreliable were excluded from the present report, but areavailableinthedatabaseandcanbeprovidedonrequest.
SomefiguresareavailableontheBiHreportApril
2015to theHumanRightsCouncil.Therefore,the
figureswillbepresented for your informationon
the comments section. However, these datawere
notused for thecalculationsofEuropeanaverage
andmedianvalues.
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0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008-14)
Prisonpopulation
• NewoffenseshavebeenaddedintheSPACEI2014questionnaire.• NewitemonprivatefacilitieswasaddedintheSPACEI2011questionnaire.• Anitemhasbeenaddedinordertomeasurethenumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresandthoseservingpreventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders(SPACEI2011).
• Regarding the legal status of prisoners, two additional subcategories have been included: persons detainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobationandpersonsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofa[ine([inedefaulters).ThisitemwaslirstusedintheSPACEI2009.
• The following categories of offences have been added in the SPACE I 2009 questionnaire: economic and[inancialoffences,terrorismandorganisedcrime.
• Under the category of juvenile offenders held in special institutions, an additional item (introduced in theSPACEI2009)allowsgettinginformationonthenumberofthepersonsaged18andover.
• UntilSPACEI2009,onlygeneralquestionsonforeign inmateswereasked. IntheSPACEI2010,an itemonforeignprisonerswhoarecitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnionhasbeenadded.
• Anitemonthenumberofjuvenileforeigninmates(agedlessthan18)wasaddedsinceSPACEI2012.• SincetheSPACEI2010,thequestionnaireallowsadistinctionbetweenmaleandfemalemortalityincustody.
Conditions&Metadata
• Regarding the category of institutions foreseen for detention before trial, in the SPACE I 2013 the moreextensivedelinitionwassetupallowingamorereliableunderstandingofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial.
• SincetheSPACEI2010andrevisedin2011,anewbreakdownbycategorieswasdesignedforthecapacityofpenal institutions.Morereliable informationhasbeencollectedon institutions forpre-trialdetention,places
forpersonsservingcustodialsentencesandforjuvenileoffenders,andplacesinothertypesofinstitutionsfor
thedetentionofinmates.
• In formerSPACEquestionnaires -before theSPACEI2008- therewasaslightdifferencebetweentheFrenchand the English delinitions of assault and battery.While the English version referred toassault, the Frenchversionreferredtoassaultandbattery(coupsetblessuresvolontaires).Thisproblemhasbeensolvedandbothversionsrefernowtoassaultandbattery.
• Former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- referred to rape, but an analysis of the answersreceived suggested that some countries were including other sexual offences under that heading. As a
consequence,sexualoffenceshavebeendividedintwocategories:rapeandothertypesofsexualoffences.
• Inordertoavoidasfaraspossiblethemisinterpretationoftheligures,specialattentionhasbeengiventothecodesusedtoanswerthequestionswhennodatawereavailable(i.e.NA,NAP).
Custodialevents
• NewitemsondeathsonthepenalinstitutionhavebeenintheSPACEI2014questionnaire.• Since the SPACE I 2011and2012, the former itemon thenumberof deathswas slightly improved: speciliccategorieson thecausesofdeathhavebeenused (homicides, accidents,drug/alcohol intoxications, suicides,
othercauses).
• InthequestionnairesSPACEI2010,2011and2012,someclarilicationswereintroducedinthedelinitionsofotheritems,suchasthecountingunitsusedineachcountryandthedateofreferencefortheinformation.
• SincetheSPACEI2008,thecategoryofentriestopenalinstitutionshasbeencompletedwithseveralfollowupquestionsinordertodistinguishtransfersfromtherestoftheentries.IntheSPACEI2010,thisitemwasfully
revisedandallowstakingintoaccountinternationaltranfers.
• In the SPACE I 2010, an item with 5 sub-categories has been designed in order to collect information onreleasesfrompenalinstitutions(includingconditionalreleasesandexternalplacements).
Prisonpolicies
• The itemforeseen for the informationon thechanges innationalprisonpoliciesandon theevents thatmayhavehadaninlluenceonthenumberofinmateswasdividedinseveralcategoriesandallowsamorereliable
comparisonamongcountries(sincetheSPACEI2008questionnaire).
• Since theSPACEI2010,specialattentionwasgivento the issueof theageofcriminalresponsibilityandtheminimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures.
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Explanatory notes to the Report INBRIEF… The present report includes global indicators of the prison populations on 1st
September2014(PartA)aswellasdataontheflowofentries,flowofreleases,lengthofimprisonment,escapesanddeathsincustodyforthewholeyear2013(PartB).Onechapter (PartC) dealswith the personnel employed by the Prison Administrationsandthosewhoworkinsidepenalinstitutions.
In order to ensure asmuch as possible the comparability across countries, some figures are presented
onlyas therawdata in the tables.Therefore, figures thatdidnotseemto fit thedefinitionsused in thequestionnairewerenotintegratedinthetableswithcalculationsofratesandpercentages.
1. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2014
Thesituationofprisonpopulationsonagivendateof theyear(stockstatistics) isset inTables1to7.3.Thenumberof inmatesvariesover timeunder the influenceof thenumberofentries intoandreleases
frompenalinstitutionsandthelengthofthestaysintheseinstitutions.
Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014
(a) Total number of inmates (including pre-trial detainees). This indicator is commonly known asprison stock. Usually, in the total number of inmates are included the standard categories ofinmates,suchaspersonsheldinsidepenalinstitutionsatagivendateand,morespecifically,pre-
trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Sometimescountriesincludeaswell juvenileoffenders.
Nevertheless, it becomes common to observe inside prison stock the following categories:
personsunderpenal (therapeutic)measures, personsheld inprivate facilities, or thoseheld in
open penal institutions. Moreover, in prison stock may also be included inmates detained for
administrativereasons,undersecuritymeasure,recalledfromprobation,fine-defaulters,etc.
(b) Prison population rate5per 100 000 inhabitants corresponds to the ratio of the number ofinmates (including pre-trial detainees) per 100 000 population of each country, as of 1st
September2014.Takingintoaccountthattheinformationonthepopulationsofthecountriesis
availableon1stJanuaryofeachyear,thefiguresusedforthecalculationsarerespectivelyon1st
January 2014 for the total population of the countries and 1st September 2014 for the prison
population.
(c) Capacity of penal institutions: number of places available in penal institutions for theaccommodationoftheinmates.Areexcludedfromthecalculationofthecapacityallspacesthat
primary were designed for other needs than the proper accommodation of the inmates (e.g.
storageplaces,classrooms,corridors,showerrooms).
(d) Surface area per inmate (calculated in squaremeters). This indicator corresponds to the legalstandardapplicableineachCoEMemberState.Accordingtolegalprovisions,eachinmateshould
disposeof individual area inside the cell, excluding commonplaces suchas showerenclosures,
WC,sportareas,classroomsandothercommonspacesinsideapenalinstitution.
(e) Prison density per 100 places of the regular capacity. This indicator corresponds to the ratiobetweenthenumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)andthenumberofplacesavailable
in penal institutions. Generally, the indicator of prison density is used for assessment of
5This indicator is sometimes referred to as detention rate, or prisoner rate, or imprisonment rate, but these terms are ambiguous.ThereforetheCouncilofEuropehasadoptedthetermprisonpopulationrate.
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overcrowding.
Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners
TABLE1.1:METADATA
ü Table1.1showsthatthecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersvary
fromcountrytocountry.
ü As a consequence, international comparisons of prison population rates, as the
onesperformedinTable1,cannotberegardedasunproblematic.
ü ThismethodologicalissuemustbekeptinmindwhenusingdatafromTable1and
similarTables.
ThegoalofTable1.1 istoclarifythecategoriesofpersonsincludedinthecalculationofthetotalprisonpopulationheld indifferent typesofpenal institutions.ThisTable includes theanswersYes,No orNAP[notapplicable]tothequestion:
Doesthetotalnumberofinmatesincludethefollowingcategories?
A. Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial6
B. Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(2)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover
C. Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover
D. Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions
E. Personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenal
institutions
F. Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons
(6.1)Ifthesepersonsarecounted(6),howmanyofthemareheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignatedforthistypeofdetention
G. Personsheld in private facilities (e.g. private prisons, detention centres, establishments for the
application of certain penal measures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,
centresforthetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])
H. Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring
6Underthisitemareincludedpersonsheldininstitutionsotherthantheregularpenalfacilities.Inparticular,theseinstitutionsmaybe
police stations, temporarydetention centres forpersonsmakingat thedisposal to the judicial authorities (e.g. izoljatorvremennogo
soderzhanija [RUS, UKR etc.], pomeshhenie funkcionirujushhee v rezhime sledstvennogo izoljatora [RUS], investigative detention
facilities[BGR],andborderpolice/borderguards’cells)oranyothersimilarinstitution.
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Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014(bycategories)
(1) Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutions
a. Surfaceareaperprisoner(m2/inmate)
(2) Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences
a. Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(“pre-trials”)
b. Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence
(3) Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders
(4) Capacityofothertypesofinstitutions
Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014:adjustedfigures
In thisTable, figures fromTable1 areadjustedaccording to the informationprovided inTable1.1.Theadjustment consists in excluding –whenever possible– all the categories of Table 1.1 from the totalnumberof inmates,andrecalculatingtherateof inmatesheldinpenalinstitutions foradultoffendersper100 000 inhabitants. The figures included in this Table are comparable estimates; nevertheless, these
figuresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficialnationaldata.
Table1.4: Situationofpenal institutionson1st September2014bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)
InthisTable,countriesareclassifiedinadecreasingorderaccordingtotheirprisonpopulationratesper
100000inhabitantson1stSeptember2014.
ü On the left-hand side of the Table, they are classified according to the non-adjusted (official)
figures,and
ü ontheright-handsidetheyareclassifiedaccordingto theadjusted(calculated) figures(seethe
explanationtoTable1.3).
ü Thelastcolumninformsaboutthedifference inpercentagebetweenadjustedandnon-adjusted
figures.Inordertoensureanappropriatereadingofthistableparticularattentionshouldbepaid
totheexplanatorynotesofTables1and1.1.
Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2014
This Table presents the total number of prisoners (including pre-trial detainees) and the prison
population rate per 100 000 inhabitants on 1st September of each year from 2005 to 2014. Data are
retrieved from the relevant SPACE I reports. TheTable indicates also the evolution (in percentages) of
prisonpopulationratesbetween2005and2014aswellasbetween2013and2014.
Table1.6:Year-to-Yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013and2014
This Table shows the evolution of prison population rates between 2013 and 2014. Countries are
classifiedinthreecategoriesaccordingtotheincrease,stabilityordecreaseoftheirprisonpopulationratesbetween1stSeptember2013and1stSeptember2014:
Increaseofmorethan5% Between–5%and+5%
Decreaseofmorethan5%
Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility
(a) Ageofcriminalresponsibility:startingfromthisage,juvenilesareconsideredasoldenoughtoberecognised as responsible for criminal offences perpetrated and to be tried under a criminal
justicesystemwhichisspecifictothem;
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(b) Minimalage for theapplicationof custodial sanctionsandmeasures: starting from this age, it ispossibletosentenceajuveniletocustodyortoeducationmeasuresinclosedpenalinstitutions;
(c) Ageofcriminalmajority:startingfromthisagethepersonshouldbetriedundercriminaljusticesystemforadultsanddonotbenefitofnospecialconditionofjuvenile.
Table2.1:Minorsandpersonsaged18andoveron1stSeptember2014
InthisTableareincludedrawdataandcalculatedpercentagesofinmatesunder18yearsofage.Normally,
inthesefiguresarealsoincludedpre-trialdetainees.
ü Totalnumberofminorinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)
b. Custodialversuseducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
ü Numberofminorinmates
o Numberand%offemaleminors
o Numberand%ofmaleminors
Table2.3:MedianandAverageagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2014
ThistableincludesthemedianandaveragevaluescalculatedbynationalPrisonAdministrations.
One additional graph (Figure 2) completes the table with the distribution of the countries with theyoungestprisonpopulations(thedistributionisbasedonthemedianvalues).
Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2014
InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonfemaleprisoners:
(1) Totalnumberandpercentageoffemaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;
(2) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;
(3) Foreignfemaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;
(4) Juvenilefemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.
Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2014
InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonmaleprisoners:
ü Totalnumberandpercentageofmaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;
ü Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;
ü Foreignmaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;
ü Juvenilemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.
Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2014
InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonforeignprisoners:
(a) Totalnumberandpercentageofforeigninmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;
(b) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates;
(c) ForeigninmatescitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:numberandpercentage;
(d) Minorforeignersagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage;
(e) Inmatesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.
Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2014(numbers)
ü Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet);
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ü Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet;
ü Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitsfordoingso;
ü Detaineeswhohavenot receiveda final sentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservinga custodial
sentenceinadvance;
ü Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence)–Including:
a. Personsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofafine(finedefaulters)
b. Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;
ü Othercases.
Table5.1:Dangerousoffendersplacedundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)
ThisTableconcernsprisonersplacedunderspecialpenalmeasures.Theseinmatesareusuallydefinedas
dangerousoffenders. Themeasures applied to themmay takedifferentnames such as securitymeasure,securepreventiondetentionorpreventivesupervision.
RECOMMENDATIONCM/REC(2014)31(STRASBOURG,19FEBRUARY2014)7
Adangerousoffenderisapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofaveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimeagainstpersonsandwhopresentsahighlikelihoodofre-offending
withfurtherveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimesagainstpersons.
Treatment includes,but isnot limitedto,medical,psychologicaland/orsocialcarefortherapeutic purposes. It may serve to reduce the risk posed by the person and mayincludemeasurestoimprovethesocialdimensionoftheoffender’slife.
Secure preventive detention means detention imposed by the judicial authority on aperson,tobeservedduringorafterthefixedtermofimprisonmentinaccordancewith
itsnational law. It isnot imposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommitted inthepast,butalsoonthebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.
Preventive supervision means measures of control, monitoring, surveillance orrestrictionofmovementimposedonapersonafterheorshehascommittedacrimeandafter he or she has served a prison sentence or instead of. It is not imposed merely
because of an offence commit ted in the past, but also on the basis of an assessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.
Each Member State has its own legislation concerning the special requirements and conditions for
institutional placement/imprisonment of this category of offenders. Yet, only the following comparable
categorieshavebeenincludedinthisTable:
(a) Totalnumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasures/preventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders.Ofwhich:
a. Personsconsideredasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt;
b. Personsconsideredastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced.
Table 6 (numbers) & Table 6.1 (percentages): Main offences of final sentenced prisoners on 1stSeptember2014
Tables 6 and 6.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence− those under heading (e) of
Table5−accordingtothemainoffenceforwhichtheywereconvicted.
Inspiteofeffort tokeepSPACEcategoriesas largeaspossible,oneshouldbear inmindthe fact that in
7PartI–Definitionsandbasicprinciples:http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/cdpc/PC-GR-DD/Recomm%202014_3_E_final.pdf
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some countries themain offence rule is not defined. Therefore, data from these countries (mostly the
breakdown percentages) are not fully comparable with data from the ones that apply this rule. The
followingbreakdownisused:
(a) Homicide(includingattempts) (b) Drugoffences(c) Assaultandbattery (d) Terrorism(e) Rape (f) Organisedcrime(g) Othertypesofsexualoffences (h) Cybercrime(i) Robbery (j) Otheroffences(k) Othertypesoftheft (l) Total(m) Economicandfinancialoffences
Table 7 (numbers) & Table 7.1 (percentages): Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014
Tables 7 and 7.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence− those under heading (e) of
Table5−accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:
(a) Lessthanonemonth (b) Fromtenyearstolessthantwentyyears(c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (d) Twentyyearsandover(e) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths (f) Lifeimprisonment(g) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear (h) Securitymeasures(dangerousoffenders)(i) Fromoneyeartolessthanthreeyears (j) Sentencetodeath(k) Fromthreeyearstolessthanfiveyears (l) Othercases(m) Fromfiveyearstolessthantenyears (n) Total
Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2014(cumulativepercentages)
ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedincumulativepercentages,ofprisonerswithfinalsentence
−thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5−accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem:
a) Prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyearb) Prisonerssentencedtoanyfixed-termsentences
(all)
c) Prisonerssentencedtooneyearandover d) Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonment
e) Prisonerssentencedtothreeyearsandoverf) Prisonersundersecuritymeasuresand/or
underotherformsofimprisonment
g) Prisonerssentencedtofiveyearsandover h) Prisonerssentencedtodeath
i) Prisonerssentencedtotenyearsandover j) Total
Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofthesentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)
This Table presents the breakdown, expressed in percentages, of prisoners sentenced to less than one
yearaccordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:
a) Lessthanonemonth b) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths
c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths d) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear
One additional graph (Figure 3) provides a comparative view of the highest percentages of prisoners
sentencedtolessthanoneyear.ThefigureisbasedonthefiguresincludedinTables7.2and7.3.
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2. Prison Movements during 2013 Tables8 to14 show themain indicatorsofprisonmovementsoccurringduringone referenceyear.All
information in the PartB of the report refers to a whole calendar year, from 1st January 2013 to 31stDecember2013:
(1) numberofentriesintoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsduringareferenceyear(flowstatistics),
(2) thelengthofimprisonment,
(3) numberofescapes,and
(4) deathsinpenalinstitutions.
Table8:Flowofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013
(1) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013correspondstotheindicatorbetterknownasflowofentries;
(2) Rateofentries topenal institutionsper100000 inhabitants: thenumberofentries in2013, inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;
(3) Entriesbeforefinalsentence:numbersandpercentages;
(4) Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:numbersandpercentages;
(5) Entries following transfer from a foreign country to the country concerned (numbers andpercentages)
• Entries following transfer fromaMemberStateof theEuropeanUnion to thecountryconcerned
(numbersandpercentages).
ENTRY(DEFINITION) THETERM"ENTRY"REFERSTOALLENTRIESINTOPENALINSTITUTIONS,EXCEPTINTHEFOLLOWINGSITUATIONS:
ü Entryfollowingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother;
ü Entryfollowingtheprisoner’sremovalfromtheinstitutioninordertoappearbeforeajudicial
authority(investigatingjudge,trialcourt,etc.);
ü Entryfollowingprisonleaveoraperiodofauthorisedabsence;
ü Entryfollowinganescape,afterre-arrestbythepolice.
ü Onlyentriesofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted),prisonersconvictedbutnotyetsentenced,
orsentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorthosewhoarewithinthestatutorytimelimittodo
soarerecordedunderheading(c)ofTable8.
ü Therefore, this figure constitutes a subset of the entries recorded under heading (a).
Consequently,entriesintopre-trialdetentionareincluded.
Figuresrelatetothenumberofevents(entries)andnottothenumberofindividuals.Thesameindividual
may enter prison several times in the same year for the same case. This applies, for instance, to an
individualwho is placed in pre-trial detention during yearN (first entry), released by the prosecutionauthoritiesatthepre-trialinvestigationstage,triedwithoutbeingre-detained,convictedandsentencedto
a termof imprisonmentexceedingtheperiodofpre-trialdetention,andre-imprisonedduringthesame
yearNtoservetheremainderofthesentence(secondentry).Afortiori,thesameindividualmightenterprisonseveraltimesinthesameyearfordifferentcases.
Table9:Flowofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsin2013
(1) Totalnumberofreleases(flowofreleases);
(1) Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants:thenumberofreleasesin2013,inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;
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(2) Releasesofpre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentage;
(3) Releasesoffinalsentencedprisoners:numberandpercentage.Ofwhich:
• Releases as a result of a release under condition (including conditional releases and external
placementunderElectronicMonitoringorprobation)
• Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence
(4) Othertypesofreleases8
Table10:Turnoverratioofinmatesin2013
TURNOVERRATIO(DEFINITION)
The turnover ratio (estimated exit rate per 100 potential exits) is defined in thepresentreportastheratiobetweenthenumberofprisonersreleasedduringtheyear
2013andthenumberofprisonersheld inprisonduringthatwholeyear.The latter
canbeestimatedbyaddingthenumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutionson31st
December 2012 (stock) and the number of persons that entered into penal
institutions during the year 2013 (flow of entries). However, as stock data on 31stDecember2012arenotavailable,thenumberofprisonersheldinpenalinstitutions
on1stSeptember2012hasbeenusedasaproxy.
Thisratiomeasurestheprisonpopulationturnover.Ahighrateimpliesafastturnover,whilealowrate
impliesaslowturnover.TheTurnoverRatio(TR)iscalculatedasfollows:
TURNOVERRATIO(FORMULA)
!" = ! (!,!) ×100
Where:
ü Risthenumberofreleasesduringthe2013year,
ü Sisthenumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2012(takenfromtheSPACEI2012),and
ü Eisthenumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsduringtheyear2013.
ü Theturnoverratioisexpressedper100prisoners.
Anadditionalgraph(Figure4)hasbeenincludedwiththelowestvaluesoftheexitrate(countrieswithaslowturnoveroftheprisonpopulation).
Table11.A:Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions
(a) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013;
(b) Averagenumberofinmatesin2013:b=(a)/365;
(c) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013(flowofentries)=heading(a)ofTable8;
(d) Indicator of average length of imprisonment [IALI] expressed in months (D): quotient of theaveragenumberofprisonersin2013(P)bytheflowofentriesduringthatperiod(E),multipliedby12(months):
IALI(FORMULA) ! = ! ! ×12
(e) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013;
8Inthecategory“Otherformsofreleases”generallyarealsoincludedthefollowingsituations:deaths,releases/discharges/relatedto
healthreasons(includingtransferstocommunityhospitalsthatleadtothefulldischargefromservingtherestofthecustodialsentence),
expulsionstothecountriesoforigin,escapesleadingtoliftingthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”,oranyotherformofreleaselikelytolead
toliftingofthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”.
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(f) Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2013:(f)=(e)/365;
(g) Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentencein2013;
(h) Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialdetention(calculatedonthebasisofthesameformulaastheindicatorunderheading(d)).
The figureunderheading (a) corresponds to the totalnumberofdays spent inpenal institutionsbyall
persons placed in detention for at least one day during the reference year (2013). Thismight be time
spent inpre-trialdetentionor timespentservingaprisonsentence,ormightevencorrespond toother
circumstances(detentionforfailuretopayafine,forinstance).Nodistinctionismadeherebetweenthose
categories.
By dividing the number of days of imprisonment by 365 (366 in leap years)we obtained the "average
numberofprisoners in theyear"or thenumberof "prisoner-years" (b),whichconstitutesprobably the
bestpossibleindicatoroftheaveragenumberofprisonerspresentintheyear.
Table11.B: Indicator of average length of imprisonment in 2013, based on the total number ofinmates(stock)on1stSeptember2013
Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataregardingthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin
2013−heading (a) of Table 11.1− and others provided figures that did not seem reliable (seeNotes to
Table11.1),wehaveaddedTable11.2.InthisTable,theindicatoroftheaveragelengthofimprisonmenthasbeencalculatedbyusingthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013(source:SPACEI2013
report)insteadofthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions.
SOURCEOFDATA RawdatausedfortheTables10,11.1&11.2areusuallypreparedbythedepartments
responsibleforprisonbudgets.Thesefiguresmayalsobeusedforthecalculationsof
theaveragedailycostofimprisonment.
Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2013
TheTableincludestwotypesofescapes:
ü Escapesby inmates (convictedprisonersorpre-trialdetaineesunder the supervisionof theprisonadministration)fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrativetransfer (for example,
toorfromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital).
IntheSPACEIquestionnaireusedforthissurveyitisclearlyindicatedthatthecountingunitistheperson.In the event of a group breakout, the number of escapes is equal to the number of inmates involved.
Relatingthenumberofescapes(a)tothetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013(S)–usedhereasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofprisoners–weobtaintherateofescapesper10,000prisoners(REs):
RATEOFESCAPES(FORMULA)
!"# = 10 000× ! !
ü Other formsofescape (abscondingorrunningoff): Examples are escapes fromopen institutions(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term
absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).
Wehavenotcalculatedtheratesfortheseformsofescapes;assuchcalculationswouldleadtomisleading
interpretations.Theratioofotherformsofescapesshouldbereportedtotheaveragenumberofinmates
placedinopeninstitutions;yet,thesefiguresarenotcollatedasaseparatecategoryintheSPACEsurveys.
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Table13:Deathsinpenalinstitutionsin2013(bytypeofregistereddeath)
(a) Totalnumberofdetaineeswhodiedinpenalinstitutions,ofwhich:
ü Numberofpre-trialdetainees
ü Numberoffemales
ü Typeofdeath
c.1Homicides
c.2Accidents
c.4Drug/alcoholintoxications
c.5Suicides(ofwhichnumberoffemales,numberofpre-trialdetainees)
c.6Othercauses(incl.illness)
(b) Mortalityrateper10000inmates
Bydividingthetotalnumberofdeaths(a)bythenumberofinmateson1stSeptember2013(S)(usedhereasanestimateof theaveragenumberofprisoners),provided in theSPACE I2013report,weobtain thefollowing:
MORTALITYRATE
(FORMULA)!" = 10 000× ! !
Table13.1:Suicidesinpenalinstitutionsin2013
In this table are presentedpercentages of suicides in the total number of deaths aswell as the part of
femaleswhocommittedsuicide in thetotalnumberofsuicidesregistered.Moreover, therateofsuicide
per10000inmatesisincludedinTable13.2.
SUICIDERATE(FORMULA) !" = 10 000× !. 4[T13.1]
!
Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesincludedinTables13.1and13.2
The goal of this Table is to clarifywhich types of deaths are being counted in each country. TheTable
includestheanswersYesorNotothefollowingquestions:
(a) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?
(b) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideoutsideprison(duringaprisonleaveoraperiodofabsencebypermission)?
ForeachcategoryofdeathsincludedinthisTable,separatefiguresonfemaleinmateshavebeenprovided.
Table14:Averageexpensesperdayofdetentionofonepersonin2013(inEuros)
Thefigures includedinthisTableshouldallowcomparisonsofthecostsofdetentionacrossEurope.No
rigorousdefinitionhasbeenusedinthequestionnaire;thereforenationalparticularities(e.g.thewayin
which costsare calculated)are indicated in thenotes to theTable.Figures innational currenciesother
thanEurohavebeenconvertedinEuros.ThecategoriesincludedinthisTablearethefollowing:
ü TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationsin2013
ü Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2013,ofwhich:
o Inpre-trialdetention;
o Incorrectionalfacility;
o Inspecialfacilities/sectionsforpersonswithpsychiatricdisorders;
o Ininstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.
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Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2013,inTable14
This table present the categories included/excluded while calculating the average amounts shown in
Table14:
ü Security
ü Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)
ü Services (incl. maintenance, utilities, maintenance of inmate records, reception, assignment,
transportation,etc.)
ü Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)
ü Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)
ü Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,
etc.)
ü Othercosts.
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3. Prison Staff PartCoftheSurveyincludesfiguresrelatedtopersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsor,moregenerally,in
thepenitentiarysystem.TheSurveymakesadistinctionbetweenstaffworkingunderthecontrolof the
NationalPrisonAdministrationsandstaffworkingunderthecontrolofanyotherauthority.
DataonthestaffemployedbythePrisonadministrationsarepresentedwithoutdistinctionbetweenfull-
timeandpart-timestaff.
Full-timeequivalents(FTE)havebeenusedasthecountingunitforthesetables
Tables 15 (numbers) & 15.1 (percentages): Staff working in penal institutions (FTE) on 1stSeptember2014
FTE(DEFINITION) Respondentswereaskedtocalculatethenumberofstaffworkingparttimeonthe
basisof"full-timeequivalents"(FTE).Thismeansthatwhentwopeopleworkhalfthestandardnumberofhours,theycountforoneFTE.Onehalf-timeworker
shouldcountfor0.5ofaFTE.
Table15.2:StaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)
Tables15to15.2presentthesituationofstaffemployedbyPrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2014.ThegoaloftheseTablesistocountallstaffemployedbythePrisonAdministrations.
In theseTables are included the following categories: staff at the national prison administration (Head
Office), staff in regional prison administration offices, executives (managers) of penal institutions,
custodialstaff,medicalandparamedicalstaff,staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists,staff
responsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocialworkers,teachers,educators,etc.),staffresponsible
forworkshopsorvocationaltraining,other.
Respondentswereaskedtoexcludepersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbytheprison
authorities(insomecountries thisapplies todoctors, teachersorperimeterguards).Thesepersonsare
includedinTable16.
Table16:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbyPrisonAdministration(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)
This Table presents the staff employed by authorities that are not under the control of the Prison
Administration (i.e. staff not employed by the Prison Administration), but who are involved in the
security,treatment,trainingorotheractivitiesdevelopedinpenalinstitutionsthatareundertheauthority
ofprisonadministration.
Insomecountriesthesecategoriesdonotexist.Inothers,doctors,teachersandperimeterguardsmight
sometimesbeemployedbyexternalinstitutionssuchashealthauthorities,departmentsoftheMinistries
ofEducation,InteriororJustice,orprivatesecurity.
Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2014
ü Totalnumberofinmatesat1stSeptember2014:seeTable1.
ü Totalnumberofcustodialstaffat1stSeptember2014:seeTable15.
ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspercustodian):c=a/b
ü Totalnumberoftreatment,educationstaff,andstaffresponsibleforworkshops.
ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonersperotheremployee):e=a/d.
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Conventions and Statistical Measures Thereportaims togiveanoverviewof thecustodial situationacrossEurope,not tomix-upallnational
traditionsandpractices ina rigidunrealisticdefinitionofprison. Indeed, this latestapproachwouldbe
scientifically unreliable and could not serve as a tool for the public policies and criminal justice
practitioners.Therefore,inSPACEsurveywearefullyconcernedaboutthequalityofthedataprovided.In
order tominimise anymisinterpretation of figures included here, any user should be aware about the
conventionsusedtoreplaceambiguoussignsandabbreviations.
CONVENTIONSUSED
NAP***
Thequestionisirrelevant;theitemreferstoaconceptnotfoundinthepenalsystemof
thecountryconcerned(Notapplicable).
0 Thenumberis0buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.
NA…
Nofiguresavailable,buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.
(number)
Whenthedataareshowninbracketsthismeansthattheyarenotstrictlycomparable
withthedatarequestedbySPACEIquestionnaire.Forexample,thisappliestoitems
whosedefinitionisnotthesameastheoneusedintheSPACEquestionnaire.Orwhenthe
totalnumberofanalysedfigureislessorequalto10individuals.
Whenthequestionnaireboxisleftblankorasymbolisused,whosemeaningisnot
explicit(forexample"/"or"-"),weleavetheboxblank.
Allcasesofdivergenceandadditionalcommentsprovidedbynationalcorrespondentshavebeengrouped
andexplainedinthenotestotheTables.
MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY
In Tables containing rates or percentages, we have used the following measures to describe the
distributionofthedata:
Mean(Average):thearithmeticmeanistheoutcomeofdividingthesumofthedatasuppliedbythetotalnumberofcountries.Themeanissensitivetoextremevalues(veryhighorverylow).
Median:themedianisthevaluethatdividesthedatasuppliedbythecountriesconcernedintotwoequalgroups so that 50% of the countries are above the median and 50% are below it. The median is not
influencedbyveryhighorverylowvalues.
Minimum:thelowestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.
Maximum:thehighestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.
Forreasonsofaccuracywehavecalculatedthemeanandmedianvaluesfromtheoriginaldatabase,whichcontainsallthedecimalsnotpresentedinthetables.Readerswhoreworkthecalculationsfromthedatainthetables-whichonlycontainoneortwodecimals-willthereforeobtainslightlydifferentresultsthanours.
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Demographic Data
Theratespresentedinthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingdemographicdata(totalpopulationofeach
EuropeancountryonJanuary1st,2014),takenfromtheEurostatDatabase(“Populationon1stJanuarybyageandgender”9).
Exceptions:Forsomecountries, the figuresof thepopulationarenotavailable in theEurostatdatasets(i.e. for2015itwasAndorra,Armenia,andMonaco).Moreover,somenationalcorrespondentsprovided
information for different territorial divisions than the ones used in EUROSTAT demographic data. The
territoriesconcernedandthesourcesusedfortheirdemographicdataarethefollowing:
Andorra:Demographicdatareferto1stJanuary2014.Retrievedfromhttp://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&bGrafic=&formules=inici&any1=01/01/2014&any2
=01/01/2014&codi_divisio=8&lang=1&codi_subtemes=8&codi_tema=2&chkserieson10thNovember,2015.
Armenia:Demographicdataretrievedfromthenationalinstituteofstatistics:http://www.armstat.am/file/article/demos_14_3.pdf(retrievedon10thNovember,2015)
BosniaandHerzegovina(RepublikaSrpska):Demographicdataareestimates.Theestimatesaredonefor2014onthebasisofthenaturalchangesofpopulationandmigration(“Demographicstatistics.StatisticalBulletin”no.18,RepublikaSrpskaInstituteofStatistics,BanjaLuka,2015,p.14),availableat:
http://www2.rzs.rs.ba/static/uploads/bilteni/stanovnistvo/Demografski_bilten_18_Drugo_izdanje.pdf(retrievedonNovember10th,
2015).
France:DemographicdataincludestheEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownastheMetropolitanFrance),theFrenchoverseasdepartments(Guadeloupe,Martinique,GuianaandReunion,knownasDOMorDépartementsd’Outre-mer)aswellasoverseas
communities(FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,Mayotte,Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon,WallisandFutuna,Saint-MartinandSaint-
Barthélemy).
Monaco:Demographicdataaremid-2014estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonNovember10th,2015).
Serbia:DemographicdataexcludeKosovoandMetohijaterritories.
9http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database (figures retrieved from the database onOctober
20th,2015)
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 23
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
Data Validation Procedure The comparability of the data collected is one of the main concerns and main problems that any
internationalsurveyseektosolve.Therefore,specialattentionisgiveneveryyeartotheimprovementof
datavalidationtechniquessusedinSPACE.
AccordingtotheauthorsoftheEuropeanSourcebookofCrimeandCriminalJusticeStatistics (Strasbourg,CouncilofEurope,1999),"validationisoftenthemostimportant–andinmanycasesthemostforgotten–
stageofthedatacollectionprocess".
Thus, since the2002SPACE I survey,wehave introduceda validationprocedure for thedata received.
Suchproceduresubstantially increasestheworkloadofall the individualsandcountries involved inthe
elaboration of SPACE. It also delays the publication of the data. However, we believe that the results
obtained−inotherwords,theimprovementstothequalityofthedata−justifyitsuse.
ü Aspartofthevalidationprocedure,weproduceapreliminaryversionofSPACEreportandaseriesof
controlTablesthatrevealanumberofinconsistenciesorvisible“outliers”intherawdatareceived
fromnationalcorrespondents.
ü Then, significant differences (generally
annualdiscrepanciesofmorethan10%or
20%dependingonthequalityoftheitem)
arecorrectedbynationalcorrespondents.
ü Insomecases, it is imperativetotranslate
or to provide additional explanations in
ordertoavoidnewerror.
ü Mostof the countries correct their figures
orindicatethereasonsforthedivergences
identified.
Itwasnoticedthatdivergencesaremainlyduetodifferences in the national prison statistics
systems as well as in criminal justice systemsacrossEuropeandare explained in the notes totherelevantTables.
Nevertheless, despite our efforts to identify
errors and the very rigorous methodology
applied for the validation, it is not possible to
guaranteethefullreliabilityofalldataincluded
in this report. Some of figures may still remain “invisible” and others may have been introduced
involuntarily during the data processing. Moreover, it has not always been possible to correct the
inconsistenciesdiscoveredinatotallysatisfactoryway.Inthatcontext,anyreaders'comments,notesor
criticismsarewelcomed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank all personswhobrought their support, advice, suggestions or knowledge of specific
nationalfeaturesand,therefore,whohavecontributedtotheachievementofthisreport,inparticularall
nationalcorrespondentsineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEurope.
Aparticular gratitude goes toMrRoyWalmsley for his attentive and critical reading of SPACE reports
during the last 10 years.We are also grateful toMrWalmsley for having sharedwithus somemissing
figuresand,therefore,forcontributingtoincreaseofthequalityofSPACEcomparisons.
Comparability
Cross-
sectionnal
European
delinitions
Attentiontothe
national
peculiarities
Internal
countingrules
Categoriesincl./
excl.
Longitudinal
Verticalcheck
Buildtime-
series
Time-series
mapping
Attentiontothe
signilicant
gaps/jupmsFigure0:SPACEIComparabilityLevels
24 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
Statistical Tables
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 25
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
i. Prison Populations: Global indicators on 1st September 2014
26 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
Thispartof the reportpresents statisticalTables, explanatorynotesandFigures that cover thegeneral
situationofEuropeanpenalinstitutions.Italsoincludesdataondetentionincustody,includingdifferent
typesofpenalinstitutionsaswellasananalysisoftheevolutionofseveralindicatorsofthepenitentiary
systemsacrossEurope.
A.1.LEGISLATIVEANDOTHERMEASURESWHICHDIRECTLYINFLUENCETRENDSINTHENUMBEROFPRISONERS
ALBANIA1. Changes in criminal law: In attaining the purpose of imprisonment, based on the right of humane
treatmentandrespectforthedignityoftheindividual,andgiventhesocio-legalreasonsofhumanity,social
reintegration, social rehabilitation, positive changes in the lives of prisoners, reaching the European
standardsinthepenitentiarysystem,aswellasthelegitimacyoftheconstitutionalandlegalrightinplaces
ofdetention,withtheproposaloftheMinistryofJusticeandtheGeneralDirectorateofPrisons,thelaw“On
Amnesty provision”, was adopted. The amnesty provision, apart from contributed on direct way in
improvingtheconditionsinthepenitentiaryinstitutions,reducingtheovercrowding,wasconceivedasan
acttorestorethedignityofprisoners.TheimplementationoftheamnestybeganonApril10,2014
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:813;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
ANDORRA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
ARMENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Amnestyactpronouncedonthe3rdOctober
2013;
3. Amnesties:36;4. Individualpardons:6;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
AUSTRIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:65;5. Collectivepardons:18;6. Other:No.
AZERBAIJAN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:291inmates–TheActofPresidentialPardonfrom14thOctober2013and26thMay
2014.
5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.
BELGIUM1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 27
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
6. Other:NA.BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: 339 inmates were granted pardon, of which: 10 sentenced inmates, 72 on the
proposalofthepenitentiaryestablishment,and221onthedecisionofthegovernor.
5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other: 1: By means of pardon, specifically designated persons are granted exemption from criminal
prosecution. This person was not exempted from complete the execution of the sentence, however the
sanctionwasreplacedbyalessseverepunishment(afineorasuspendedsentence).
BULGARIA1. Changes in criminal law: complying with international legislation on combating sexual violence and
sexual exploitation ofminors, aswell as child pornography; introducing financing of terrorist activities;
definingmorepreciselyoffencesrelatedtocurrency,valuables,tradeinantiques,etc.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:5;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.
CROATIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.
CYPRUSGeneralnotes:
ü PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheareasthatarenotundertheeffectivecontroloftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.
ü Stockfiguresinclude539inmatesinthePrisonInstitutionand142inmatesheldinPolicestations.1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
CZECHREPUBLICGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changes in criminal law:ActNo141/2014amendingActNo40/2009andActNo141/1961 (CriminalCode)cameintoforceon1stAugust2014.Thisactamendedthepenalcode,theactoncriminalliabilityof
legalentitiesandproceedingsagainstthem.Itinvolvesmoreprotectionofchildrenfromsexualattacks.It
adjustedCzechcriminallawtotherequirementsensuingfromEuropeanlaw,particularlyfromthelawof
theEuropeanUnion;
2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners: Act No 276/2013 amending Act No293/1993on custodial detention andActNo169/1999on enforcement of custodial sentence came into
effect on 1st January 2014. The amendment provides different ways of placing the accused to remand
prisons,itclarifiesrightsandobligationsofaccusedpersons;itcomplementsthelawonreimbursementsof
healthcareprovidedandspecifiesthecostassociatedwiththecustodialdetention;
3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
DENMARK1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:AmendmentoftheDanishPenalCode(Act
28 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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No.733of25thJune2014–dateofcommencement:1stJuly2014):Amendmenttosections38and41ofthe
DanishPenalCode:In2014theabovementionedsectionsoftheDanishPenalCodewereamendedinorder
tomake itpossible todeny inmates thepossibilityof releaseonparoleundercertaincircumstances.The
amendmentsthatenteredintoforceon1July2014havethefollowingmainfeatures:
i. An inmatewill not be eligible for release onparole if he - according to the police – is
affiliated(strongaffiliationisrequired)toagroupofpersonswhoareactivelyinvolved
inanon-goingviolentconflictwithanothergroupofpersons,andifthepolicestatesthat
withinthegroupofpersonswithwhomtheinmateisaffiliated,firearms,explosivesetc.
havebeenusedaspartoftheconflict.
ii. Accordingtotheexplanatorynotesto(Actno.733of25June2014)theamendmentwill
namelyaffectinmateswhoareaffiliatedtostreetormotorcyclegangs;
3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
ESTONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
FINLANDü Changesincriminallaw:
o New provisions concerning the preconditions, contents, and supervision methods of the
probationary libertyundersupervisionentered into forceon1 January2014.At thesame time,
pharmacotherapy for prisoners sentenced for sexual offences was enabled in order to prevent
newsexualoffences.According to theprovisions, the treatmentcanbesetasaprecondition for
probationarylibertyundersupervision;
o The law amendments to tighten the punishments for sexual offences entered into force on 1
September2014.No;
ü Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;ü Amnesties:0;ü Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.ü Collectivepardons:0;ü Other:No.
FRANCEGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changes in criminal law:EnactedonAugust15,2014, the lawon the individualisationof thesanctionsandstrengtheningtheeffectivenessofcriminalsanctionscameintoforceon2stages,onthe1stOctoberfor
the majority of its provisions and on the 1st January 2015 for the remaining provisions. This law was
precededbyanimportantworkofcoordination-astheorganisation,forthefirsttimeinthefieldofjustice,
of a consensus conference – and aims to reform the relapse prevention policy in tort through a more
effectivepunishmentbyadaptingthepenaltytoeachoffender.Amongthedifferentmeasuresadopted,the
followinghaveanimpactontheevolutionofthenumberofdetainees:
a. Removaloftheautomationsrelatedtotherecidivismstatus(Includingtheremovalofminimum
sentences);
b. Creationofanewsanction,thecriminalrestraint(“contraintepénale”),anon-custodialsentencewhichestablishesanindividualisedsocio-educationalsupporttotheconvictedperson;
c. Introduction of the principle that any convicted incarcerated person shall, whenever possible,
benefit of a gradual return to freedom, taking into account thephysical conditions of detention
and theestablishmentoccupationrate,aspartofameasureofparole,workreleases,electronic
monitoring,criminalrestraintandreleaseonbail,topreventreleaseswithoutanyformofjudicial
follow-up;
d. Development of mandatory judicial appointments at the end of the sanction to establish a
progressiveandwell-supportedinstitutionalrelease;
e. Considerationofthestatusofpregnancyover12weeksofconvictedwomentoavoid,whenever
possible,theirincarceration.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 29
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3. Amnesties:ThelastappliedLawonamnestyisn°2002-1062of6thAugust2002.4. Individualpardons:All individualpardonsbetweenthe1stSeptember3013andthe1stSeptember2014
concernsfines;
5. Collectivepardons:ConstitutionalLawonthemodernisationofthe5thRepublic’sinstitutionsfrom23rdJuly2008 abolished collective pardons. Article 17 of the Constitution from 4th October 1958 was modified.
Nowadays this article foresees the following: “The President of the Republic has the right to grant
individualpardons”.
6. Other:No.GEORGIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changes in criminal law:TheparliamentofGeorgiahasprovedtheLawonAmnestyon29thDecember2013;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:AccordingtothelegislativechangestotheImprisonment Code the new categories of prisoners have been defined. The low risk and high-risk
prisonerswillbeclassifiedbasedonindividualrisksassessments;
3. Amnesties:18inmateswerereleasedfromservingcustodialsentences;8718inmateswerereleasedasaresultoftheapplicationoftheamnesty.
4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collective pardons: There were 793 collective pardons of which 536 where releases from custodial
sentences;
6. Other: 27 compassionate releases issuedby the joint commissionof theMinistryof Corrections and theMinistryofhealth,labourandsocialaffairsofGeorgia:5personswherereleasedbasedonageand22based
onillness.
GERMANYGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stMars2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:ThenumbersofindividualpardonsinGermanyduringthelast12monthsbefore31st
March2014didnot have an influenceon trends in thenumberof prisoners. For example, the collective
pardonsgrantedontheoccasionofChristmas2013didaffectonlyprisonerswhowouldhavebeenreleased
soonanyway57inmatesweregrantedpardon.
5. Collectivepardons:ThenumbersofcollectivepardonsinGermanyduringthelast12monthsbefore31stMarch2014didnot have an influenceon trends in thenumberof prisoners. For example, the collective
pardonsgrantedontheoccasionofChristmas2013didaffectonlyprisonerswhowouldhavebeenreleased
soonanyway;
6. Other:No.GREECE
1. Changesincriminallaw:Law4205/6-11-2013,Art.1-4:Electronicmonitoringondetainees;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
HUNGARY1. Changes in criminal law:Paragraphs95-102ofact.no.CCXLof2013on theexecutionofpunishments,
criminalmeasures,certaincoercivemeasuresandconfinementforadministrativeoffences;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.
ICELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;
30 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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6. Other:No.IRELAND
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:From1stMay2012,boysuptotheageof17
yearswerenolongerdetainedinadultprisons,butsenttochildrendetentionschools.Thisdidnotrequire
a change in primary legislation but rather a change in recertification of capacity under secondary
legislation.
3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
ITALYGeneralnote:TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenileoffenders.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedfiguresonlyonadultinmates.
1. Changesincriminallaw:a. Lawof9thAugust2013nr.94convertingtheLawbyDecreenr78of1st July2013:exclusionof
recidivismasanobstacletothesuspensionofthepunishmentexecutionorder;
b. Law-by-decree 23rd December 2013, n. 146 "Urgent measures for the protection of the
fundamentalrightsofprisonersandforthecontrolleddecreaseofprisonpopulation".Converted
intolaw(lawn°10)on21stFebruary2014;
c. Law28April2014,n.67:Introductionoftheprobation(“Messaallaprova”)foradults:Thepenalprocedureissuspendedduringthefirst-leveltrialuponrequestoftheaccusedperson,incaseof
lessseriouscrimes;
d. Law-by-decree 26 June 2014, n. 92: Urgent provisions in matter of compensatory remedies in
favourofprisonersandinterneeswhohavebeensubjectedtotreatmentinviolationofarticle3of
theEuropeanConventionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedomsaswellaschangestothe
Criminal Procedure Code and its implementing provisions, and to the legislation related to the
penitentiarypolicecorps,penitentiary legislationandminors.Converted into lawby the law11
August2014,n.117;
2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners:Law30May2014,n.81, converting intolawwith amendments theLaw-by-decree31March2014,n. 52, onurgentmeasures for abandoning the
judicialpsychiatrichospitalssystem:itsetsamaximumdurationofthesecuritymeasure,thusenablingthe
release from said judicial psychiatric hospitals of a high number of internees due to the expiry of the
measure;Suchlawconcernstheso-called“internees”.
3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
LATVIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:OnOctober2ndand16th,2014,amendmentstotheseverallawswereadoptedinParliamentintroducingelectronicmonitoringasanalternativetoimprisonment.Theamendmentsmodify
the system for conditional release by offering an alternative option for prisoners who have achieved a
specificresultofre-socialisationtobereleasedearlierwithelectronicmonitoring.Thismeansthatinthere
isthepossibilityofservingashorterpartofthesentenceinthepenitentiaryinstitution,comparingtothe
"usual" conditional release, if the detainee agrees on electronicmonitoring. The amendments relating to
electronicmonitoringenteredintoforceon1stJuly2015.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:a. CabinetRegulationNo25of14thJanuary2014“Regulationsonhealthcareofprisonersinpenal
institutions” came into the force on 24th January 2014. Regulation sets out the range and
procedureofhealthcareserviceforprisoners;
b. Amendments to the Cabinet Regulations No 1022 of 19th June, 2006, “Provisions concerning
prisoner’s nutrition and household needs tangible security norms” came into the force on 28
February 2014. Certain nutritional norms shall respect the rights of prisoners who are
vegetarians. This category of prisoners is provided with food not containing meat and fish
products.
c. December17th,2014,amendmentsto“TheSentenceExecutionCodeofLatvia”cameintoforceon
January1st,2015,andprovidechangesintransferofprisonerstopublichospitals-Prisonsshall
ensurethetransferandguardingofprisonersinhealthcareinstitutionsoutsidetheprison.
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3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: In total 19 inmates were granted pardon; of which 9 male inmates and 1 female
inmatewere fully discharged from further execution of their sentence, and 9male inmateswere partly
discharged(e.g.punishmentcutbycourtadjudgement).
5. Collectivepardons:9;6. Other:No.
LIECHTENSTEIN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
LITHUANIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: During the period from 1st September 2013 to 31st August 2014, there were 4
PresidentialDecreesgrantingpardon.Asaresult,6prisonershadthetermoftheirservicereduced,and4
prisonerswerepardonedfromtheremainingtermofthesentenceofimprisonment.
5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
LUXEMBOURG1. Changesincriminallaw:NA2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:No.
MALTA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardonuponrequestforpresidentialpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
MOLDOVAGeneralnote:PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheregionofTransdiestria.
1. Changesincriminallaw:a. LawonamendmentsintheCriminalCodeoftheRepublicofMoldova,no.270,7thNovember2013.
b. Lawamendingandsupplementingcertainacts,no.324,23rdDecember2013;
c. Lawamendingsomelegislativeacts,includingtheCriminalCode,no.315,20thDecember2013;
d. LawamendingArticle123oftheCriminalCodetheRepublicofMoldova,no.318,20thofDecember
2013;
e. Lawamendingsomelegislativeacts,includingtheCriminalCode,no.326,23rdDecember2013;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:4inmatesweregrantedpardon;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:0.
MONACO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
32 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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MONTENEGRO1. Changes incriminal law:Lawonexecutionofprisonsentences,finesandsecuritymeasures,adoptedon
26thJune2015,establishedanewconceptofparole.ForthefirsttimeinMontenegro’spenitentiarysystem,
decisionsonconditionalreleasesareprovidedbythejurisdictionofthejudicialAuthorities.Thecourtwill
decidetherequestforparole,unlikeprevioussolutions.Criterionregardingprisonsentenceandparoleis
stillthesame:aprisonerwhohasservedtwo-thirds,andextremelyonehalf,ofhissentence,hastherightto
applyforparole.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:3;4. Individualpardons:12;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
THENETHERLANDSGeneralnote:Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincludedjuvenileoffenders.Moreover,personsheldincustodial
clinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorderarealsoexcludedfromthecalculationofprisonpopulation.Onthe
opposite,illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners.1. Changes in criminal law: On the 1st of April 2014, a new lawmaking possible to convict adolescents
between21and22yearsoldaccordingtothejuvenilecriminallaw,wasintroduced.Thislawextendsthe
grouptowhichcriminallawforjuvenilescanbeapplied.Thedecreaseoftheprisonpopulationagedbelow
23yearsoldcanbepartiallyexplainedbythislaw;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:IntheNetherlandsconvictedpeoplecangetanindividualpardon.In2013therewere
324pardonsgiven,ofwhich78with
5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
NORWAY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
POLANDGeneralnotes:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:ChangesintheExecutivePenalCodethroughthelegalactof20February2015,whichenteredintoforceon1July2015:
a. Detaineeslivingconditions:Foodprovisionduringtransportation;extensionoftheworkingtime
inprisonfactories(from1to3months);informationaboutthefurthermedicaltreatment;
b. Communicationwiththeoutsideworld:Thenumberofvisitorswasincreasedfromnomorethan
2tomorethan2adultsinonevisit;tomorethan2;Thereisnowthepossibilityofusingthephone
billing the call to the consignee; Pre-trial detainees have now the right to contact the Consular
Office;
c. ChangesrelatedtoElectronicMonitoringSystem;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
PORTUGALGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 33
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ROMANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
RUSSIANFEDERATION1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:BasedontheResolutionoftheStateDumaofthe2ndJuly2013nr.2559-6SD"Onamnesty"and
theResolutionof theStateDumaof theRussianFederationof the18theDecember,2013,nr.3500-6GD
"On Declaring Amnesty in the connection with the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Russian
FederationConstitution",172inmateswerereleased;
4. Individualpardons:5;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:No.
SANMARINO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
SERBIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:284;4. Individualpardons:3inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.
SLOVAKREPUBLIC1. Changesincriminallaw:Actno.1/2014Coll.,theActonOrganizationofPublicSportEventswasamended
-itwasestablishedanewtypeofpenalty:prohibitiontoparticipateinpublicevents;
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:AmnestyofthePresidentoftheSlovakRepublicon1January2014:802inmatesreleased.4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
SLOVENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
SPAIN(TOTAL)General note: The Penitentiary Administration does not have any competences over juvenile offenders. Thesecategoriesofoffendersaremanagedbytheadministrationsofautonomouscommunities.Thereforeinthisreportare
includedonlyfiguresonadultinmates.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:appliedon72inmates;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
SWEDENGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
34 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
SWITZERLANDGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto3rdSeptember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.
THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:12inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:18collectivepardonswerepronounced.6. Other:285 inmateswereconditional realised, for17 inmates the judgementwasabolished,136 inmates
releasedunder repeating judgementprocedure,and874 inmateswerereleased before theexpirationof
the sentence.According to the lawon theexecutionof thesanctions “Thedirectorof the institutionmay
dismisstheconvictedpersonbeforetheexpirationofhissentence, iftheconvictedpersonservedatleast
threequartersofthesentenceandifparolewasnotgrantedi.e.upto30daysforimprisonmentofoneyear,
upto90daysforimprisonmentoffiveyearsandupto120daysforimprisonmentoverfiveyears”
TURKEY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. NewNewlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:NAP;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.
UKRAINE1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:NAP;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.
UK:ENGLANDANDWALESGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
UK:NORTHERNIRELAND1. Changes in criminal law: A recent Judicial Review in early 2013 which challenged arrangements for
imposingandenforcing finesandconfiscationorders led to the temporarysuspensionofFineDefaulters
beingsenttoPrison.FollowingonfromtheJudicialReviewFineDefaulthearingswereintroducedinJune
2014.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 35
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
UK:SCOTLANDGeneral note: SPACE returns (before SPACE I 2012) were completed using the Scottish Government statisticalsystem which is based on data from the Scottish Prison Service PR2 management information system. Due to
technical problems with this statistical system, the figures for the SPACE I 2012 and 2013 returns have been
extracted from thePR2 systemanddiffer slightly from figures extracted from the ScottishGovernment statistical
system, primarily in terms of the amount of detail available and no recorded data on flows (receptions and
liberations).TheScottishPrisonServicepopulationfiguresalsodonotincludeprisonersclassifiedasunlawfullyat
large,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecalldue
tobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.
1. Changes in criminal law: A recent Judicial Review in early 2013 which challenged arrangements forimposingandenforcing finesandconfiscationorders led to the temporarysuspensionofFineDefaulters
beingsenttoPrison.FollowingonfromtheJudicialReviewFineDefaulthearingswereintroducedinJune
2014.
2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.
36 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE1:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEuropeSPACEI2014.1
Country
Populationon1stJanuary2014
Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Prisonpopulationrateper100
000population
Totalcapacityofpenal
institutions
Surfaceareaperinmate
Prisondensityper100places
Albania 2895947 5440 187.8 4537 5.4 119.9
Andorra 76949 53 68.9 145 11.0 36.6
Armenia 3017100 3979 131.9 4395 4.0 90.5
Austria 8506889 8857 104.1 8760 10.0 101.1
Azerbaijan 9477119 22579 238.2 25492 4.0 88.6
Belgium 11203992 13212 117.9 10240 NAP 129.0
BH:BiH(total)
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska 1421310 940 66.1 1404 4.0 67.0
Bulgaria [7245677] [7870] [108.6] [8755] [4.0] [89.9]
Croatia 4246809 3763 88.6 4022 4.0 93.6
Cyprus 858000 681 79.4 853 6.4 79.8
CzechRep. 10512419 18658 177.5 20020 4.0 93.2
Denmark 5627235 3583 63.7 3904 0.0 91.8
Estonia 1315819 2962 225.1 3300 3.0 89.8
Finland 5451270 3097 56.8 3123 NA 99.2
France 65835579 77739 118.1 58054 11.0 114.5
Georgia 4490498 10233 227.9 21678 3or4 47.2
Germany 80767463 65710 81.4 76181 NA 86.3
Greece 10903704 12006 110.1 9886 6.0 121.4
Hungary 9877365 18270 185.0 12869 NA 142.0
Iceland 325671 154 47.3 163 From6to13.3 94.5
Ireland 4605501 3829 83.1 4227 NAP 90.6
Italy 60782668 54252 89.3 49397 9.0 119.5
Latvia 2001468 4809 240.3 6333 2.5or3 75.9
Liechtenstein 37129 8 21.5 20 9.2 40.0
Lithuania 2943472 8977 305.0 9399 NA 95.5
Luxembourg 549680 656 119.3 711 11.0 92.3
Malta 425384 571 134.2 675 9.0 84.6
Moldova 3559497 7166 201.3 7425 4.0 96.5
Monaco 37800 28 74.1 82 14.0 34.1
Montenegro 621521 1058 170.2 1100 4.0 96.2
Netherlands 16829289 9857 58.6 12014 NA 82.0
Norway 5107970 3718 72.8 3803 NAP 97.8
Poland 38017856 77371 203.5 87742 3.0 88.2
Portugal 10427301 14003 134.3 12591 7.0 111.2
Romania 19947311 31637 158.6 28989 4or6 109.1
RussianFed. 143666931 671027 467.1 816013 4.0 82.2
SanMarino 32520 4 12.3 13 5.1 30.8
Serbia 7146759 10288 144.0 9340 4.0 110.1
SlovakRep. 5415949 10179 187.9 11318 3.5 89.9
Slovenia 2061085 1522 73.8 1293 9.0 117.7
Spain(total) 46512199 65931 141.7 59464 9.7 110.9
Spain(StateAdm.) 39095962 56391 144.2 47601 NA 118.5
Spain(Catalonia) 7416237 9540 128.6 11863 NA 80.4
Sweden 9644864 5861 60.8 6417 NA 91.3
Switzerland 8139631 6923 85.1 7235 NA 95.7
theFYROMacedonia 2065769 3116 150.8 2531 4.0 123.1
Turkey 76667864 151451 197.5 157925 NA 95.9
Ukraine 45245894 92290 204.0 140419 4.0 65.7
UK:Engl.&Wales 57134953 85509 149.7 87688 NA 97.5
UK:North.Ireland 1835847 1860 101.3 1962 NAP 94.8
UK:Scotland 5337461 7879 147.6 8069 NAP 97.6
Average 136.1 91.6Median 124.0 93.6Minimum 12.3 30.8Maximum 467.1 142.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics37
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum
ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE1.1:CA
TEGORIESIN
CLUDED
INTH
ETOTA
LNUMBERO
FINMATESIN
TABLE1
Doesthetotalnumberofin
mates(Table1)in
cludethefollowingcategories?
(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitu
tionsbeforetrial
(2) Personsheldincustodialin
stitu
tions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
(2.1)Ifth
epersonsheldincustodialin
stitu
tions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyam
ongthem(point2)are18yearsandover
(3) Personsplacedineducationalin
stitu
tions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
(3.1)Ifth
epersonsheldineducationalin
stitu
tions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyam
ongthem(point2)are18yearsandover
(4) Personsheldininstitu
tionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalin
stitu
tions
(5) Personswithpsychiatricdisordersinpsychiatricinstitu
tionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalin
stitu
tions(e.g.personsconsideredasnon-criminallyliablebythecourt,p
ersonsundersecuritymeasures,etc.)
(6) Asylumseekersorille
galaliensheldforadministrativereasons
(6.1)Ifa
sylumseekersorille
galaliensheldforadministrativereasonsarecounted,howmanyofthem
(point6)areheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignforthistypeof
detention
(7) Personsheldinprivatefacilitie
s(e.g.privateprisons,detentioncentres,centresfortheapplicationofcertainpenalm
easures[e.g.centresforthetreatmentofpsychiatricdisorders,centresforthe
treatmentofaddictionsetc.])
(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.1
Country(1)
How
many?
(2)How
many?
(2.1)(3)
1.1.3.How
many?
(3.1)(4)
How
many?
(5)How
many?
(6)How
many?
(6.1)(7)
How
many?
(8)How
many?
AlbaniaNAP
***
Yes94
No
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NA
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
AndorraNAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Armenia
No
***
Yes16
NA
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
AustriaNo
***
Yes96
No
No
***
***
No
***
Yes177
No
***
***
No
***
Yes252
AzerbaijanNo
***
Yes79
0
No
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Belgium
No
***
Yes91
38
No
***
***
No
***
Yes204
Yes0
No
NAP
***
Yes1904
BH:BiH
(total)
BH:BiH
(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska
NAP
***
Yes15
10
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Bulgaria
CroatiaNo
***
Yes70
30
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
CyprusYes
142
Yes14
11
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes2
CzechRep.
NAP
***
Yes107
64
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Denm
ark
EstoniaNo
***
Yes86
71
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
FinlandNo
***
NAP
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
Yes158
FranceNo
***
Yes248
0
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
Yes10622
GeorgiaYes
1637
Yes85
2
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes124
Yes2
2
NAP
***
Yes1296
Germany
No
***
Yes4910
4410
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Yes112
NA
Yes1500
No
***
38CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country(1)
How
many?
(2)How
many?
(2.1)(3)
1.1.3.How
many?
(3.1)(4)
How
many?
(5)How
many?
(6)How
many?
(6.1)(7)
How
many?
(8)How
many?
GreeceNo
***
Yes402
0
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Hungary
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
IcelandNo
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
IrelandNAP
***
Yes48
0
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes33
Yes4
0
NAP
***
Yes3
ItalyNo
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes940
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
LatviaNo
***
Yes37
11
No
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
LiechtensteinNo
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
LithuaniaNo
***
Yes158
78
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Luxembourg
No
***
Yes6
1
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Malta
No
***
Yes11
0
No
***
***
Yes15
Yes35
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Moldova
No
***
Yes26
8
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Monaco
NAP
***
Yes1
0
Yes0
0
NAP
***
Yes0
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
Montenegro
NAP
***
YesNA
NA
NA
***
***
NA
***
NA
***
NA
***
***
NA
***
NA
***
Netherlands
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
Yes284
Norw
ayNo
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Poland[NAP]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[***]
[NAP]
[***]
[Yes]
[4690]
PortugalNAP
***
Yes238
229
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes275
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Note
Rom
aniaNAP
***
Yes697
501
Yes127
29
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
RussianFed.
No
***
Yes1860
434
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
SanMarino
Yes0
Yes0
0
NAP
***
***
No
***
NAP
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
SerbiaNo
***
No
***
***
Yes242
171
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
No
635
SlovakRep.
No
***
Yes50
No
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
SloveniaNo
***
Yes2
2
Yes17
12
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Spain(total)No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
Yes26
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
Yes2043
Spain(StateAdm.)
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
Yes2005
Spain(Catalonia)No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
Yes26
No
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes38
Sweden
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Switzerland
Yes44
Yes178
177
Yes24
15
No
***
No
***
Yes328
NA
No
***
No
***
theFYROMacedonia
No
***
Yes53
32
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
NAP
***
No
***
TurkeyNAP
***
Yes1774
NAP
Yes515
416
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
Yes1304
Ukraine
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
Yes539
223
NAP
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NAP
***
UK:Engl.&
Wales
No
***
Yes741
0
NAP
***
***
NAP
***
NA
***
YesNA
NA
Yes13456
No
***
UK:North.Ireland
No
***
Yes38
0
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
Yes1
0
No
***
No
***
UK:Scotland
No
***
Yes525
461
No
***
***
No
***
No
***
No
***
***
Yes1205
No
***
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 39
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLES1AND1.1
GENERALNOTES Table 1: Figurespresented in thisTablemustbe read taking intoaccount that somecountrieswereunabletoprovidedataon1stSeptember2014.Insuchcases,the relevant day of reference is indicated in the notes below. Moreover,statisticalcountingrules(i.e. therulesapplied ineachcountry tocount theitemsthatwillbeincludedinprisonstatistics)varyacrossEurope;therefore,suchdiversity influence theway inwhich the totalnumberof inmates andthe capacity of penal institutions are calculated in each country.Given thispeculiarity, it is important to read the figures from Table 1 together withcategoriesincludedinTable1.1.
Table1.1bringsamoreaccuratedistributionofwhatcategoriesofpersonsareheldinpenal institutions (or institutions designed for detention of the personsmanagedbycriminaljusticesystem).
ForYourInformation:
ü Northern Cyprus – On 21st August 2014, there were 249 inmates (of which 9 females and 1minor), of which 35% were pre-trial detainees and 41% foreigners. The total capacity of thesystemwas291places.Theprisondensityper100placeswas85.6 (data relate to21stAugust2014).
ü Kososvo–On1stOctober2014therewere1816inmates(ofwhich49femalesand45minors),ofwhich 596 were pre-trial detainees and 133 were foreigners. The total capacity of penalinstitutionswas2447places.Theprisondensitywas74.2per100places.
ü BH:BiH(total)–AttheendofSeptember2014,therewere3042inmates(2607inprisonand435indetention),ofwhich162wereforeigners.Therewere3201placesandtheprisondensitywas95inmatesper100places.
ü BH:BiH(statelevel)–AttheendofSeptember2014therewere326inmates(246inprisonand80indetention),ofwhich57wereforeigners.
ü BH:BiHFed–AttheendofSeptember2014,therewere1711inmates(1495inprisonand216indetention centers), ofwhich76were foreigners.The total capacityof the systemwas1893places.Theprisondensityper100placeswas90.4.
Warning:ThesefigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofEuropeanaverageandmedianvalues.
ALBANIANospecialcomment.ANDORRANospecialcomment.ARMENIANospecialcomment.AUSTRIATable1.1:
ü Point(2):InAustriathereisonlyoneprisonspecialisedindetentionofjuvenileoffenders.Inthisinstitutionaredefactoalsodetainedconvictsaged18yearandover.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,juvenileoffendersonlypartlyservetheirsentencesthere.Hence,otherjuveniles are spreadover theotherAustrianprisons,where specialiseddepartments for youngoffenders are established. In the figure presented in the Table are included all inmates aged
40 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
between14and17.AZERBAIJANNospecialcomment.BELGIUMTable1.1:
ü Point(5):Underthisheadingarecountedonly“interned”inmatesheldinsocialwelfareestablishmentofPaifvewhichisunderthedirectresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.Accordingtothefinaljudicialdecision,“interned”are:
• a.1–those,whocommittedanactqualifiedascrimeormisdemeanourpunishablebyimprisonmentand
• a.2–whoatthemomentoftrialweresufferingfromamentaldisorderwhichseriouslyaffectsorabolishesthecapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsand
• a.3.–forwhomthereisadangerofrecommittingnewoffensesbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.
• Personssentencedforcrimesormisdemeanours,andwho–duringtheirdetention–werediagnosedbyaprisonpsychiatristmentalhavingdisordersthatseriouslyaffectorabolishtheircapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsandwhoarelikelytoreoffendbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.
ü Point(8):Electronicanklebraceletsandvoicerecognition. BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresented between brackets []. However, Figures obtained by the U.S. State Department for their annualreport on human rights showed that in October 2014 there were 8 153 inmates held in prison and 875 ininvestigative detention centres (The Bulgarian penal institutions consist of the prisons and the investigativedetention centres.). The totalnumberof inmateswas9028. The totalnumberofplaceswas10550 (8763placesinprisonsand1787indetentioncentres),givinganoveralldensityrateof85.6%.Table1.1:
ü Point (8): Persons under Electronic monitoring were not included in the total number ofdetaineesbecausetheyarenotdeprivedofliberty.
CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.CYPRUSTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesis681,ofwhich539wereheldinthePrisonInstitutionand142inpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table 1: Total number of inmates includes inputs from the Preventive Detention Facility for verydangerousoffenders.Table1.1:
ü Point (2):The figure includes juvenileoffendersplaced inspecialunits forsentenced juvenilesand pre-trial juveniles placed in special cells in remandprisons. There are no special units forjuvenilepre-trialdetainees.
DENMARKTables1and1.1:Thedatadonotcoverpersonsheldinhalfway-houses.Thesehousesaredesignedforprisonerswhoareplacedthereduringthelastpartoftheirsentence.“Oneofthehalfwayhousesspecializesindrugaddicts,oneaccommodatesmostlysexoffenders,andinoneaspecialfamilyunitisestablished.Duringthestayinthehalfwayhousesupervisionandprobationactivitiesarehandledby thestaffof thehalfwayhouse inclosecooperationwiththeprisonortheprobationofficethatreferredtheclient”(source:HeineL.(2008),Denmark,in:vanKalmthoutA.,DurnescuI.(Eds.),ProbationinEurope,p.238).
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ESTONIANospecialcomment.FINLANDTable1.1:
ü Point (8): There are 158 persons under supervised probationary freedom. The type ofsurveillanceappliedtothemistheGSM(Backdoormonitoring).
FRANCEDatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1:
ü Total number of inmates was retrieved from quarterly statistics on the persons under theresponsibility of PrisonAdministration.77 739 persons had the status “écroués”, ofwhich66494weredefactoheldinpenal institutions(“écrouésdétenus”).Inthetotalof77739 inmatesare includedaswell personsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringoutsidepenal institutions (10622) and those in external placement non-hosted in institutions managed by the PrisonAdministration(623).
ü Forthecalculationoftheprisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitants,thetotalnumberof77739prisonerswasused.
ü Forthecalculationoftheprisondensityper100places,thefigureof66494wasused.Table1.1:
ü Point (8):10622personsunderElectronicMonitoringarepartof thetotalnumberof inmateshavingthestatus“écroués”.Thetypeofsurveillanceusedistheelectronicbracelet.
GEORGIADatarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
ü Point(5):The124personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutionsareundernonvoluntarypsychiatrictreatment.
GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:
ü Points(7):Those1500personsareheldinsocialtherapyfacilities.GREECENospecialcommentICELANDTable1&1.1:Inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationarenotincludedthefollowingcategoriesofinmates:
ü 1personheldinahospitaloutsidethepenalinstitutionü 3personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutionsü 23personsheldinahalfway-house,aprivatefacilityü 10personsunderElectronicMonitoring
Table1.1:ü Point (8): According to the Execution of Sentences Act (ESA) no. 49/2005 Article 24.a,
enforcementoutsideprisonisallowedunderElectronicMonitoringsince1stOctober2011.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12monthsprisonorlongerthePPAmaydecidethataprisonercancomplete serving his sentence outside prisonprovidedhe has a device so that it is possible totrackhismovements.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12months,theelectronicsurveillanceis30daysandlengthensby2.5dayspermonth,tothemaximumof240days.
IRELANDTable1.1:
ü Point(2.1):Juvenileoffenders(boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18)orderedbythecourttoremandincustodyorcommittedtoserveasentenceareplacedinchildrendetentionschools.The3Irishchildrendetentionschoolsdeliverachildcaremodelofdetentionfocusedoneducationandrehabilitation.
ü Point(8):GPSTrackingSystem.
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ITALYTable1.1:
ü Point (2): Institutions for juvenile offenders are not under the authority of theDepartment ofPenitentiaryAdministration.Therefore,thefiguresonthetotalprisonpopulationcorrespondtotheadultinmates.
ü Point(5):AreincludedpersonsheldinJudicialPsychiatricHospitals,so-called"internees".LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:
ü Points (2) and (2.1): Under these items are included all juvenile inmates (pre-trial andsentenced).
LIECHTENSTEINTable1&1.1:
ü Persons sentenced to twoyearsormorearebrought toAustria to serve their sentenced there.This is possible through the application of the provisions of the contractmadewithAustria in1984.Thisagreementisapplicabletoalltypesofoffenders.
LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.LUXEMBOURGTable1:Totalnumberofprisonersconcernspersonsheldinpenitentiarycentres(closed)inLuxembourgandGivenich(semi-detention).Table1.1:
ü Point(6):ThespecialsectionforadministrativealiensinsideLuxembourg’sPenitentiaryCentrewasclosed in2011becauseanewcentre foradministrativedetentionwascommissioned.ThisnewdetentionfacilityisundertheauthorityoftheMinistryofForeignandEuropeanAffairs.
MALTATable1:Thereare571prisonersofwhich536malesand35femalesMOLDOVATable1:Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludes1454pre-trialdetaineesTable1.1:
ü Point(2.1):AccordingtotheMoldovanlegislation,whenthepersonturns18years,shecankeepthestatusof"juvenile"andcontinuetoservethesentenceinajuvenileprisonupto23years.
MONACOü Theremandprison(Maisond’arrêt)istheonlypenalinstitutioninthePrincipality.
MONTENEGRONospecialcomment.THENETHERLANDSTable1.1:
ü Point (2): In the total number of inmates are not included 481 juvenile offenders held in thefacilitiesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhom422personsareaged18yearsandover).
ü Point(5):Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincluded1576personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorder.
ü Point (6): In the total number of inmates are not included 425 illegal aliens held foradministrativereasons.
ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliediselectronicbracelet.NORWAYTable 1:There isnospecific remand institution, althoughmost remanddetaineesareplaced in specialunitsorhousedwithconvictedprisoners.POLANDDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:
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ü Point (8): 4 690 persons under Electronic Monitoring (bracelet) are not included in the totalprisonpopulation.Thenumberisknown,butitisnotintherecordsofthepenitentiaryfacilities.
PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:
ü Points (2) & (2.1): Leiria’s Penitentiary Institution – institution designed for the detention ofpersonsagedfrom16to21years,includingremanddetainees.
ü Point (5): Under this heading are included 275 inmates, of which 136 are held in custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and139areheldinnon-custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals.
ü The139personsincludedunderPoint(5)ofTable1.1areconsiderednon-criminallyliablebythecourt,andarenotstrictosensusentencedprisoners,butareheldundersecuritymeasures(whichare rather therapeutic measures). These persons are under the authority of the PrisonAdministrationandtheirfilesaremanagedbytheCourtofExecutionofSentences.Nevertheless,alldecisionsconcerningthiscategoryofpersonsaretakenontheadviceofmedicalauthorities.
ü Point (8): Personsplacedunderelectronic surveillancearemanagedby theGeneral ServiceoftheCommunityReintegration(DirecçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial).See:SPACEII2014report.
ROMANIANospecialcomment.RUSSIANFEDERATIONTable1:
ü Thetotalnumberofinmatesis671027,ofwhich114657arepre-trialdetaineesü 114 441 persons held in pre-trial investigation cells, pre-trial detention centres and persons
servingsentencesinprisons;ü 463190personsregisteredatthecriminal-executioninspections.ü Point(8):Electronicbraceletsareusedfor9466personsunderregimeoflimitationoffreedom
and1798underhomearrest.SANMARINONospecialcommentSERBIATable1.1:
ü Point (8):PersonsunderElectronicMonitoringarenotincludeinthetotalnumberofprisoners,nevertheless,thereare635detaineesunderElectronicSurveillance.
SLOVAKREPUBLICNospecialcomment.SLOVENIANospecialcomment.SPAIN(TOTAL)Table1.1:
ü Point (2): The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedby autonomous communities. Therefore, these inmatesarenot included in thetotalprisonpopulation.
ü Point(8):Underthisheadingareincluded1918inmatessupervisedbyelectronicdevicesand91inmatesunderothercontrolsystems.
FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)Tables 1 and 1.1: The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedbyautonomouscommunities.SPAIN(CATALONIA)
Nospecialcomment.
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SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIANospecialcomment.TURKEYTable1.1:
ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliedistheelectronicbracelet.UKRAINENospecialcomment.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:
ü Overall figures published in Table 1.1 of Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (October-December2014)QuarterlyTables.
ü Point (2): Juveniles in Young Offender Institutions. Prisoners aged 15-17 (Table 1.1 OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October-December2014)QuarterlyTables).
ü Point (6): Immigration detainees: Table A1.22 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October-December2014)Annualtables).
ü Point (6.1): Foreignnationals inNOMS administered ImmigrationRemoval Centres (Table 1.5OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2014)).
ü Point(7):Inmatesheldinprisonsidentifiedas'contractedout'inthePrisonPerformanceDigesthttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/338951/prison-performance-digest-2013-14.xls: Altcourse, Ashfield, Birmingham, Bronzefield, Dovegate,Doncaster, Forest Bank, Lowdham Grange, Oakwood, Parc, Peterborough, Rye Hill, Thameside,Wolds (as published in Table 1.5 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January-March2014)).
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDNospecialcomment.UK:SCOTLANDWarning: SPACE returns up to 2011were completed using the Scottish Government statistical systemwhich is based on data from the Scottish Prison Service PR2management information system. Due totechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresforthe2013SPACEreturnhavebeenextracteddirectlyfromthePR2systemandwilldifferslightlyfromfiguresextractedfromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailavailableandnoaccessiblerecordeddataonflows (receptions and liberations). The Scottish Prison Service population figures also do not includeprisonersclassifiedasunlawfullyatlarge,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecallduetobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.Table1.1:
ü Point(2):Asmallnumberofyoungoffendersunder21maybeheldonremandinadultprisonsandtheyarenotcountedunderthisheading,buttheyareincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Themanagementdatadoesnotprovideage/genderbreakdownsforsomeconvictedinmateswhoareawaitingsentence,recalledlifeprisoners(83)andpersonsawaitingdeportation(7).Childrenunder16maybeheld insecureaccommodation,which isnotpartof theprisonestablishment.Such casesarenot includedhereas childrenmaybeplaced in secureaccommodation for theirownprotectionaswellasforacriminalconviction.
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TABLE1.2:CAPACITYOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014(BYCATEGORIES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.2
Country
Totalcapacityofpenal
institutions(2.0)
Surfaceareaperinmate(m2/inmate)
Capacityofremand
institutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences(2.1)
Ofwhich
Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(2.2)
Capacityofothertypes
ofinstitutions
(2.3)
Capacityofremand
institutions/sections
(pre-trials)(2.1.a)
Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence(2.1.b)
Albania 4537 5.4 4202 1164 3038 40 295Andorra 145 11 137 57 80 8 0Armenia 4395 4 4395 900 3495 NA NAPAustria 8760 10 NA NA NA 378 NAAzerbaijan 25492 4 25292 4522 20770 200 ***Belgium 10240 NAP NA NA NA 124 205BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1404 4 1368 262 1106 36 NAPBulgaria [8755] [4] [8755] [NA] [8755] [348] [NAP]Croatia 4022 4 3774 1647 2127 122 126Cyprus 853 6.4 480 57 423 16 NAPCzechRep. 20020 4 18619 2584 17035 105 296Denmark 3904 0 3904 1735 2169 NAP NAPEstonia 3300 3.0 NAP NAP NAP 200 NAPFinland 3123 0 3123 NA NA NAP NAPFrance 58054 11 57701 34019 23682 353 NAPGeorgia 21678 3or4 21518 NA NA 160 92Germany 76181 NA 76181 NA NA NA NAGreece 9886 6 9233 NA NA 653 NAPHungary [12869] [NA] [NAP] [***] [***] [0] [0]Iceland 163 6to13.3 163 9 154 NAP NAPIreland 4227 NAP 4227 444 3783 48 NAPItaly 49397 9 48196 38076 10120 *** 1201Latvia 6333 2.5or3 6078 1544 4534 180 75Liechtenstein 20 9.2 20 NA NA NAP NAPLithuania 9399 0 9086 1396 7690 313 NAPLuxembourg 711 11 696 271 425 15 NAPMalta 675 9 655 NA NA 20 NAPMoldova 7425 4 7425 2134 5231 60 NAPMonaco 82 14 64 NA NA 18 NAPMontenegro 1100 4 455 425 655 20 0Netherlands 12014 NA 12014 4636 5842 NAP ***Norway 3803 NAP 3803 NAP NAP NAP NAPPoland 87742 3 NA NA NA NAP NAPPortugal 12591 7 NA NA NA 347 NARomania 28989 4or6 NAP NAP 27618 1371 NAPRussianFed. 816013 4 816013 126561 689452 11383 NAPSanMarino 13 5 13 1 12 1 NAPSerbia 9340 4 8664 1949 6715 676 NAPSlovakRep. 11318 3.5 11318 1841 9359 118 NASlovenia 1293 9 1246 245 1001 47 NAPSpain(total) 59464 9.71 59464 NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 47601 NA 47601 0 0 0 0Spain(Catalonia) 11863 NA 11863 NA NA NAP NAPSweden 6417 NA 6417 1909 4508 NAP NAPSwitzerland 7235 NA NA NA NA 199 NAtheFYROMacedonia 2531 4 2488 452 2036 43 NAPTurkey 157925 NA NA NA NA 1308 156617Ukraine 140419 4 140419 26960 111525 1934 0UK:Engl.&Wales 87688 NA NA NA NA NA 990UK:North.Ireland 1962 NAP 1914 NAP NAP 48 ***UK:Scotland 8069 NAP 8069 NAP NA NA ***
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NOTES–TABLE1.2
Theindicatorofprisondensity(generallyusedfortheassessmentofprisonovercrowding)iscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofinmatesandtheavailablecapacityforallcategoriesofinmatesincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Inordertoproduceasreliableaspossibleindicatorofprisondensityitiscompulsorytotakeintoaccountthedetaileddistributionofthecapacityofdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.When comparing the indicators of prisondensity andprison overcrowding,we look for details in eachcountryabouttherulesappliedwhencalculatingthecapacityofpenal institutions(e.g.surfaceareaperprisoner,operationalcapacity,etc.).Thefollowingnotesmustalsobetakenintoaccount.
DISCLAIMERCONCERNINGTHE
FIGURESOF
SURFACEAREAPER
INMATE(TABLE1ANDTABLE1.2)
Some of the national correspondents were asked to clarify the procedures ofcalculation of the minimal surface area per inmate. In some countries these figurescorrespond to the legal standards that are compulsory to be respected. In othercountries,thesefiguresareaverageestimatesoftherealindividuallivingspacesinsidecells.Inviewoftheabovemethodologicallimitation,thesedatacannotbeverifiedandcross-nationallyvalidated.Therefore,theyshouldbeusedasraw-dataonly.
ALBANIAü Point(2.3):Underthisheadingareincludedpenalinstitutionsfortheelderlypeople,forpeople
withvariouschroniclehealthproblemsandthePrisonHospital.AUSTRIA
ü Point (2.1): There is no exclusive remand institution in Austria, neither specific definition ofcapacityforpre-trials.Therefore,differentinstitutionsthataccommodateremanddetaineesandsentencedprisonershavetomanagethetotalcapacityoftheirprisonsaccordingtoactualneeds.
ü Point (2.2):ThereisonlyonespecialisedprisonforyoungoffendersinAustria.Thecapacityof295 places is the capacity in this specialised institution and the capacity foreseen in specialdepartmentslocatedinregularadultprisons.Thiscapacityisusedfortheaccommodationofthejuvenileoffendersupto18yearsandoftheyoungadultoffendersupto21years.
BELGIUMü Point (2.3): It is the capacity of the social welfare establishment of Paifve. Within this
establishment are placed “interned” inmates. Paifve establishment is under the directresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.
BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (2.0): Total capacity includes122places for juvenile offenders and126places inprison
hospitals.CYPRUS
ü Point (2.0):Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutionsis853,ofwhich480placesinPrisoninstitutionand373placesinPolicestations.
CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.2):Capacityoftheunitsforfinalsentencedjuvenilesonly(notforpre-trialdetainees).ü Point (2.3): Under this point are included 296 places, of which 86 places in the preventive
detention facility (for security measures), 97 places in the prison hospital of Prague and 113placesintheprisonhospitaloBrno.
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DENMARKü Point(2.1.a):Localprisonsareprimarilyusedforremandprisoners.
FINLANDü Point(2.3):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.
FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.1.a):AreincludedthecapacitiesoftheremandinstitutionssuchasMaisonsd'Arrêt[MA]
andspecialwings(quartiers)for“pre-trails”ofMaisonsd'Arrêt[qMA].ü Point (2.1.b): Are included places from Detention centres, special wings in detention centres,
central prisons (Maisons Centrales [MC]), special wings in central prisons [qMC], centres forserving adjusted/reduced sentences (Centres pour Peines Aménagées [CPA]), special wings incentresforservingadjusted/reducedsentences,centresforsemi-liberty(CentresdeSemi-Liberté[CSL]),andspecialwingsincentresforsemi-liberty[qCSL].
ü Point(2.2):Institutionsforjuvenileoffenders(EtablissementsPourMineurs[EPM]).ü Surface area per inmate isdefined in the internal circularof thePrisonAdministrationOnthe
capacityofpenitentiaryinstitutionsfrom16March1988.Thesurfaceareaperinmateiscalculatedusingthemethodsforeseeninthiscircular.
GEORGIAü Point (2.3):Thecapacityofothertypeofinstitutions(92)isnotincludedinthetotalcapacityof
thepenalinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(EtablissementsPourMineurs[EPM]).GERMANY
ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.HUNGARYWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
ü Points (2.1.a) and (2.1.b): The separate breakdown for pre-trial detention and the places ininstitutions designed for serving sentences is not available, as the capacity is defined for eachestablishmentwithouttakingintoaccountvariousfunctions.ThePrisonServicemayadjustthesecapacitiesaccordingtothegivenvarioustasks.
ü Surfacearea:Accordingtothelegalregulations,femaleprisonersshouldhave3.5m2surfaceforfreemovement,whilemaleprisoners3m2,andpre-trialdetainees4m2,ifpossible.Whenthereisonlyoneprisonerinacell,itssurfacecannotbelessthan6m2.
IRELANDü Point (2.1): Remand prisoners can be held in any "closed" prison. Juvenile offenders are not
placed in cells in the Children Detention Schools; they are allocated bedrooms of singleoccupancy. There is no legal norm for the measurements for these bedrooms. There is nodifferenceinsizeofthesebedroomsforpre-trialorsentencedyoungpeople.
ITALYü Point (2.0): The figure under this heading refers to the general capacity of the whole prison
system. For the accurate use, it is necessary to subtract from that figure around 4 000 placestemporarilyunavailableduetoon-goingbuildingworksorothertypesofrestructuringworksorreorganization.Therefore,thetotalcapacityusedfortheanalysesinthisreportis45937.
ü Point (2.2): TheDepartment of Penitentiary Administration does not process data concerningjuvenileoffendersastheseinstitutionsareundertheresponsibilityoftheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.Thereforethecapacityoftheseinstitutionsisnotincludedintheoverallcapacity(point2.0).
ü Point(2.3):Capacityoftheinstitutionsfortheexecutionofsecuritymeasures(includingJudicialPsychiatricHospitals).
ü Surfacearea:Thecriteriaadoptedforthecalculationofthesurfacepereachinmateisthesamecriteriaastheoneadoptedforcivilianhousing,i.e.9m2pereachprisonerinasinglecell,towhichareadded5furthersquaremeterspereachfurtherprisonerinmultiplecells.
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LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.3):CapacityoftheLatvianPrisonHospital.ü Surface area: Since November 1, 2014 4m2 per prison (9m2 per prisoner in single cell) was
introduced.LITHUANIA
ü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.MALTA
ü Points (2.1.a) and (2.1.b): At the CCF (Corradino Correctional Facility) there is no separatebreakdownforremandsectionsandsectionsforconvictedinmates.
MOLDOVAü Point(2.3):Moldavianlegislationdoesnotcontainaruleonspecialcapacityforforeigncitizens,
personswithmultiplecitizenshipswhoarearrestedforadministrativereasons.MONACO
ü Point(2.0):Thereisonlyonepenalinstitution.Aseparationismadebetweenpre-trialdetaineesandthoseservingfinalsentences.Thereare2sectionsformaleadultinmates.Suchdistinctionisnotmadeforfemaleinmates(onesection)andjuvenileoffenders(anotherone).
THENETHERLANDSü Point(2.0):Thetotalcapacityonlyreferstothecapacityoftheadultprisonsystem.Besidesthe
capacityofremandinstitutionsandjuvenileinstitutions,thereare1536placesthatcanbeusedforbothremandandsentencedprisoners,ofwhich260arereserveplaces.Therefore, the totaladultcapacityis12014;
ü Point (2.2): In total capacityarenot included 777 places for juvenile offenders (ofwhich 127reservecapacity).
ü Point (2.3): In totalcapacityarenotincluded1782placesofcustodialclinics,aswellas1762placesforillegalaliens(ofwhich240reserve).
NORWAYü Point (2.1): Inmatesonremandandthoseservingasentenceareheld inthesameinstitutions.
Somepenalinstitutionsarealmostexclusivelydesignedfortheuseforconvictedprisoners.Onlyexceptionally remand prisoners might be placed in open prisons. Some prisons have wingsallocatedtoremandprisoners;yet,remandprisonerscanalsobeheldwithconvictedprisoners.
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (2.2):Leiria’sPenitentiaryInstitutiondesignedforthedetentionofpersonsagedbetween
16and21years.ROMANIA
ü Point(2.1.b):Areincludedthecapacitiesofprisonsaswellasthecapacitiesofprisonhospitals.ü Point (2.2):Hereareincludedcapacitiesofthepenitentiariesforjuvenilesandyoungadults,as
wellasthecapacitiesoftheeducationalcentres.ü Surface area is4m2per inmate inclosedregime institutions, inmaximumsecurity institutions
and in those designed for remand detention. In institutionswith open regime, semi-liberty, ineducationcentresitis6m2perinmate.Inspecialpenitentiaryhospitalsitis7m2perprisoner.
RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Point (2.1.b): The capacity of institutions designed for serving a sentence already include the
capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.SANMARINO
ü IntheRepublicofSanMarinothereisonlyoneinstitutionforallthecategoriesofinmates.
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SLOVAKREPUBLICü Point (2.1.b): Juvenileoffendersusuallyservetheirsentenceininstitutionsdesignedtoservea
sentence, but in this case, the figure refers only to adult offenders (juvenile offenders wereexcluded).
ü Surface area:Standardsurfaceareaper inmate is3.5m2.Surfacearea foreseenper femaleandjuvenileinmatesis4m2.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Point (2.0): The figure is calculated on the basis of the number of 59 464 cells in the adult
penitentiary system. Most of the cells are two places of capacity. The operational residentialcapacityis66210places.
ü Points(2.1.a)and(2.1.b):ThepenalinstitutionsinSpainaredesignedtohostbothremandandconvictedinmates.Separatefiguresarenotavailable.
ü Surface area: Since cellshavea surfaceof10 to13 squaremeters, theaverage surface is11.5squaremeterswhich,multipliedby the totalnumberof cells (47601)anddividedby the totalprisonpopulation(56391)givesusthetotalamountof9.71m2perdetainee.
SWEDENü Datarelateto31stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
UKRAINEü Surfacearea:Forjuveniles,thesurfaceareais4m2,4.5m2forwomenwithchildrenand5m2for
hospitalsandstationarymedicalfacilities.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Datarelateto29thAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.0):Totaluseableoperationalcapacity(publishedinPrisonPopulationBulletin-Weekly29
August. 2014:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/348705/population-bulletin-29-august-2014.xls).
ü Point(2.3):TotaluseableoperationalcapacityofNOMSoperatedRemovalCentres(publishedinPrison Population Bulletin-Weekly 29 August 2014:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/348705/population-bulletin-29-august-2014.xls.
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point(2.1):ThePrisonEstablishmentshavecapacityfor1914regardlessofcustodialcategory.ü Point(2.2):CapacityforJuvenileJusticeCentreis48regardlessofcategory.
UK:SCOTLANDü Point (2.0):There isnoseparateaccommodation for remandandsentencedprisoners.Female
juvenileprisonersareheldinseparateaccommodationwithintheadultfemaleprison.Thefigureisthedesigncapacityofthepenalinstitutions.
ü Point (2.2): There is one separate institution for young male offenders, which has a designcapacityof760.
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EuropeanMean=135.8EuropeanMedian=124.0
101.1
109.1
110.1
110.9
111.2
114.5
117.7
118.5
119.5
119.9
121.4
123.1
129.0
142.0
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%EuropeanAverage=91.6EuropeanMedian=93.6
FIGURE1.A:COUNTRIESWITHMORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100000INHABITANTS(HIGHESTPRISONPOPULATIONRATES)
In2014,theEuropeanmedianPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]wasof124.0inmatesper100000inhabitants.Wecanobserveadecreasecomparedto2013,whenthesameindicatorwas133.5.
Thereare32(65%)outof50analysedPrisonAdministrationsthatreportedhighPPR(morethan100inmatesper100000 inhabitants).Thisproportionof thecountrieswithhighPPRiscomparabletotheonealreadyobserved in2013,whichwasalso65%ofallanalysedadministrations.
FIGURE1.B:COUNTRIESWITHPRISONPOPULATIONOVERCROWDING(MORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100PLACES)
In2014themediandensityinEuropeanpenalinstitutionswasof93.6inmatesper100availableplaces.Forathirdconsecutiveyear,weobserveaslightdecrease.Between2013and2014,thedecreaseis1%comparedtothepreviousyear(in2013,thissameindicatorwasof95.5).
Compared to2012, the indicator of densitydecreased from97.8 to93.6 in2014,whichmaybe seen as a positiveevolutioninthewayofsolvingtheproblemofovercrowding.
Thenumberofcountrieswithmorethan130inmatesper100placesisdecreasingsince2008:6countriesin2008,7in2009,6in2010,5in2011,5in2012and2013,andonlyonein2014.
Comparisons of prison overcrowding should be conducted cautiously as the rules for establishing the capacity ofpenalinstitutionsvaryfromcountrytocountry(e.g.somecountriesusethedesigncapacityoftheirpenalinstitutionsandotherusedtheiroperationalcapacity).
101.0
101.3
104.1
108.6
110.1
117.9
119.3
128.6
131.9
134.2
134.3
141.7
144.0
144.2
147.6
149.7
150.8
158.6
170.2
177.5
185.0
187.8
187.9
197.5
201.3
203.5
204.0
225.1
227.9
238.2
240.3 30
5.0
467.1
0
100
200
300
400
500
France
UK:North.Ireland
Au
stria
Bu
lgaria
Greece
Belgium
Luxembo
urg
Spain(Catalon
ia)
Armen
ia
Malta
Portugal
Spain(total)
Serbia
Spain(StateAdm
.)UK:Scotla
nd
UK:Engl.&W
ales
theFYRO
Maced
onia
Romania
Mon
tene
gro
CzechRe
p.
Hungary
Albania
SlovakRep
.Turkey
Moldo
va
Poland
Ukraine
Estonia
Georgia
Azerbaijan
Latvia
Lithuania
RussianFed.
EuropeanAverage=135.8EuropeanMedian=124.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 51
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TABLE1.3:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPT.2014:ADJUSTEDFIGURES
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.3
Country Populationon1stJanuary2014
Totalnumberofinmates
(includingpre-trialdetainees)non-adjusted
Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantsnon-adjusted
Totalnumberofinmates
(includingpre-trialdetainees)
adjusted
Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantsadjusted
Albania 2895947 5440 187.8 5346 184.6Andorra 76949 53 68.9 53 68.9Armenia 3017100 3979 131.9 3963 131.4Austria 8506889 8857 104.1 8332 97.9Azerbaijan 9477119 22579 238.2 22500 237.4Belgium 11203992 13212 117.9 11013 98.3BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1421310 940 66.1 925 65.1Bulgaria [7245677] [7870] [108.6] [7823] [108.0]Croatia 4246809 3763 88.6 3693 87.0Cyprus 858'000 681 79.4 523 61.0CzechRep. 10512419 18658 177.5 18551 176.5Denmark 5627235 3583 63.7 3583 63.7Estonia 1315819 2962 225.1 2876 218.6Finland 5451270 3097 56.8 2939 53.9France 65835579 77739 118.1 66869 101.6Georgia 4490498 10233 227.9 7089 157.9Germany 80767463 65710 81.4 60688 75.1Greece 10903704 12006 110.1 11604 106.4Hungary [9877365] [18270] [185.0] [18270] [185.0]Iceland 325671 154 47.3 154 47.3Ireland 4605501 3829 83.1 3741 81.2Italy 60782668 54252 89.3 53312 87.7Latvia 2001468 4809 240.3 4772 238.4Liechtenstein 37129 8 21.5 8 21.5Lithuania 2943472 8977 305.0 8819 299.6Luxembourg 549680 656 119.3 650 118.3Malta 425384 571 134.2 510 119.9Moldova 3559497 7166 201.3 7140 200.6Monaco 37800 28 74.1 27 71.4Montenegro 621521 1058 170.2 1058 170.2Netherlands 16829289 9857 58.6 9573 56.9Norway 5107970 3718 72.8 3718 72.8Poland 38017856 77371 203.5 72681 191.2Portugal 10427301 14003 134.3 13490 129.4Romania 19947311 31637 158.6 30813 154.5RussianFed. 143666931 671027 467.1 669167 465.8SanMarino 32520 4 12.3 4 12.3Serbia 7146759 10288 144.0 10046 140.6SlovakRep. 5415949 10179 187.9 10129 187.0Slovenia 2061085 1522 73.8 1503 72.9Spain(total) 46512199 65931 141.7 63888 137.4Spain(StateAdm.) 39095962 56391 144.2 56391 144.2Spain(Catalonia) 7416237 9540 128.6 9476 127.8Sweden 9644864 5861 60.8 5861 60.8Switzerland 8139631 6923 85.1 6349 78.0theFYROMacedonia 2065769 3116 150.8 3063 148.3Turkey 76667864 151451 197.5 147860 192.9Ukraine 45245894 92290 204.0 91751 202.8UK:Engl.&Wales 57134953 85509 149.7 84768 148.4UK:North.Ireland 1835847 1860 101.3 1821 99.2UK:Scotland 5337461 7879 147.6 7354 137.8Average 136.1 131.2Median 124.0 119.1Minimum 12.3 12.3Maximum 467.1 465.8
52 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE1.4:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014BYDECREASINGPRISONPOPULATIONRATES(NON-ADJUSTEDVERSUSADJUSTEDFIGURES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.4
Country
Totalnumberofprisonersnon-
adjusted
Prisonpopulationratenon-adjusted↓
Country
Totalnumberofprisonersadjusted
Prisonpopulationrate–
adjusted↓
Diff.(%)betweentotal
numbers
1 RussianFed. 671027 467.1 1 RussianFed. 669167 465.8 0.32 Lithuania 8977 305.0 2 Lithuania 8819 299.6 1.83 Latvia 4809 240.3 3 Latvia 4772 238.4 0.84 Azerbaijan 22579 238.2 4 Azerbaijan 22500 237.4 0.35 Georgia 10233 227.9 5 Estonia 2876 218.6 2.96 Estonia 2962 225.1 6 Ukraine 91751 202.8 0.67 Ukraine 92290 204.0 7 Moldova 7140 200.6 0.48 Poland 77371 203.5 8 Turkey 147860 192.9 2.49 Moldova 7166 201.3 9 Poland 72681 191.2 6.110 Turkey 151451 197.5 10 SlovakRep. 10129 187.0 0.511 SlovakRep. 10179 187.9 11 Hungary 18270 185.0 0.012 Albania 5440 187.8 12 Albania 5346 184.6 1.713 Hungary 18270 185.0 13 CzechRep. 18551 176.5 0.614 CzechRep. 18658 177.5 14 Montenegro 1058 170.2 0.015 Montenegro 1058 170.2 15 Georgia 7089 157.9 30.716 Romania 31637 158.6 16 Romania 30813 154.5 2.617 TheFYROMacedonia 3116 150.8 17 UK:Engl.&Wales 84768 148.4 0.918 UK:Scotland 7879 147.6 18 TheFYROMacedonia 3063 148.3 1.719 Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 19 Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 144.2 0.020 Serbia 10288 144.2 20 Serbia 10046 140.6 2.421 Spain(total) 65931 144.0 21 UK:Scotland 7354 137.8 6.722 Portugal 14003 141.7 22 Spain(Catalonia) 9476 127.8 0.723 Malta 571 134.3 23 Armenia 3963 131.4 0.424 UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 133.0 24 Portugal 13490 148.4 3.725 Armenia 3979 131.9 25 Spain(total) 9476 127.8 0.726 Spain(Catalonia) 9540 128.6 26 Malta 510 119.9 10.727 Luxembourg 656 119.3 27 Luxembourg 650 118.3 0.928 France 77739 118.1 28 Bulgaria 7823 108.0 0.629 Belgium 13212 117.9 29 Greece 11604 106.4 3.330 Greece 12006 110.1 30 France 66869 101.6 14.031 Bulgaria 7870 108.6 31 UK:North.Ireland 1821 99.2 2.132 Austria 8857 104.1 32 Belgium 11013 98.3 16.633 UK:North.Ireland 1860 101.3 33 Austria 8332 97.9 5.934 Italy 54252 89.3 34 Italy 53312 87.7 1.735 Croatia 3763 88.6 35 Croatia 3693 87.0 1.936 Switzerland 6923 85.1 36 Ireland 3741 81.2 2.337 Ireland 3829 83.1 37 Switzerland 6349 78.0 8.338 Germany 65710 81.4 38 Germany 60688 75.1 7.639 Cyprus 681 79.4 39 Slovenia 1503 72.9 1.240 Monaco 28 74.1 40 Norway 3718 72.8 0.041 Slovenia 1522 73.8 41 Monaco 27 71.4 2.742 Norway 3718 72.8 42 Andorra 53 68.9 0.043 Andorra 53 68.9 43 BH:Rep.Srpska 925 65.1 1.644 BH:Rep.Srpska 940 66.1 44 Denmark 3583 63.7 0.045 Denmark 3583 63.7 45 Cyprus 523 61.0 23.246 Sweden 5861 60.8 46 Sweden 5861 60.8 0.047 Netherlands 9857 58.6 47 Netherlands 9573 56.9 2.948 Finland 3097 56.8 48 Finland 2939 53.9 5.149 Iceland 154 47.3 49 Iceland 154 47.3 0.050 Liechtenstein 8 21.5 50 Liechtenstein 8 21.5 0.051 SanMarino 4 12.3 51 SanMarino 4 12.3 0.0 Average 136.1 131.2
Median 124.0 119.1 Minimum 12.3 12.3 Maximum 467.1 465.8
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 53
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NOTES–TABLES1.3AND1.4
InTables1.3and1.4,figureshavebeenadjustedaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecountriesonthecategoriesincludedandexcludedintheirtotalprisonpopulation(seeTable1.1).Indeed,inmanycountries, special institutions for thedetention of juvenile offenders, drug-addicts,mentally ill persons,and administrative aliens are not under the authority of the Prison Administration. As a consequence,personsheldintheseinstitutionsdonotappearinthetotalprisonpopulation.Onthecontrary,ascanbeseeninTable1.1,othercountriesincludeallorsomeofthesecategoriesintheirprisonpopulation.Thus,in order to produce figures on prison populations that are comparable across Europe, inTable1.3, allpersonsunderthesespecialregimeswereexcludedfromthetotalnumberofprisoners.
PRIVATEFACILITIES Persons held in private facilities were kept in the adjusted figures (Germany,Turkey,UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:Scotland).
The total adjusted number of prisoners corresponds, in principle, to thenumber of inmates held inpenal institutions foradult inmateswhichareunder theauthorityof thePrisonAdministration.Nevertheless,thesedatamustbeconsideredwithcautionastheadjustmentsdonotnecessarytakeintoaccountalltheparticularitiesofthestatisticalcountingrulesappliedbyeachcountry.
METHODOLOGICALREMARKS
ForBulgariaandHungary,Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].Theresultsoftheadjustmentsmadeontherawdatashowthattheaveragedifferencebetweenthenon-adjustedandtheadjustedfiguresislessthan5%(Table1.4).Onlyfourcountriesshowedadifferenceofmore than10%betweenboth figures:Georgia (30.7%),Cyprus (17.3%),Belgium (16.6%),andMalta(10.7%).In the special case ofGeorgia, the difference is explained by a high number of persons held in policestationswho are assimilated topre-trial detainees, andby a highnumber of personsunderElectronicmonitoringwhoaretakenintoaccountinthetotalnumberofprisoners.InthecaseofCyprus,thedifferenceisexplainedbyahighnumberofpersonsheldinpolicestationswhoareassimilatedtopre-trialdetaineesTheadjustmentsmadefortheNetherlands in thereportsbefore2009(untilSPACEI2009report)arenotcomparabletotheonesshowninthepresentreport.Thereasonisthat,since2010,theNetherlandsincludeonlyadult inmatesheldinpenal institutions,excludingthusjuveniles,mentally-illoffendersandadministrative aliens detained under special [custodial] regimes (see notes to Table 1.1), which werepreviously included in the total number of prisoners. In the present report, the adjustment ismadebyexcludingonlythecategoryofpersonsunderElectronicMonitoring(differenceonly2%).IntheSPACEI2009reporttheadjustmentconcernedalsojuveniles,personsheldincustodialclinicsandadministrativealiens(whichledtoadifferenceof28.6%).ForFrance,theadjustmentwasmadetakingintoaccountnotonlythefiguresprovidedinTable1.1.,butalsothecommentstothattable.Therefore,theadjustedfigure(66494)showstherealnumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutions(écrouésdétenus)andexcludesallthosewhowerenotdefactoheldincustody.
54CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE1.5:EVO
LUTIO
NOFPRISO
NPO
PULATIO
NSBETW
EEN2005A
ND2014
(a) Totalnum
berofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)on1
stSeptemberofeachyear(sourceSP
ACEI)*;
(b) Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantson1
stSeptemberofeachyear(source:SP
ACEI)*;
(c) Change2005-2014=E
volution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2005
and2014;
(d) Change2013-2014=E
volution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013
and2014.
*N.B.–Forsom
ecountries,theaccuratereferencedatemayvaryacrossyears(seeSP
ACEI2005to2014fordetails).N
ationalpopulationfigureshavebeenupdatedforallyears(seeNotes)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.5
Country2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
(c)
(d)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)Albania
3425109.3
3884123.3
...…
5041159.0
4482140.7
4750148.2
4772168.5
4890173.7
4998172.4
5440187.8
71.99.0
Andorra…
…
3038.2
…
…
6072.2
6880.5
3642.8
3642.3
4152.5
4761.6
5368.9
…
16.1Arm
enia2822
87.85682
176.53462
107.43825
118.43989
123.24918
151.34514
138.44714
144.04698
155.23979
131.950.3
-15.0Austria
8767106.9
8780106.4
8887107.3
789995.0
8423100.8
8597102.6
8767104.3
8756104.1
8831104.5
8857104.1
-2.6-0.4
Azerbaijan16969
203.317809
211.1…
…
20986243.2
20470230.1
21904243.4
23191254.5
21034227.8
20327217.3
22579238.2
17.29.7
Belgium
937189.7
997194.9
987993.3
1023495.9
10901101.4
11382105.0
11825107.5
12310111.0
12697113.8
13212117.9
31.43.7
BH:BiH
(st.level)…
…
18…
…
…
19…
…
…
20…
20…
…
….
17…
…
…
…
…
BH:Fed.BiH
1344
47.2…
…
155754.7
…
…
161956.8
173660.6
167158.3
170072.7
…
…
…
…
…
…
BH:Rep.Srpska
102972.9
95265.9
92864.5
92464.3
96167.0
104673.0
105473.7
106274.3
100370.4
94066.1
-9.3-6.0
Bulgaria140.2
11'436147.4
11'058143.3
10'271133.7
9'408123.1
9'006118.4
9'3799'885
131.79'493
130.38'834
121.37870
108.6-31.1
-10.4Croatia
348578.4
383386.3
412792.9
4734106.7
4891110.3
5165116.7
5084115.2
4741110.9
4352102.1
376388.6
12.9-13.2
Cyprus529
72.2599
80.5834
110.0831
107.0883
110.8900
109.9905
107.8930
107.9811
93.7681
79.425.6
-15.3CzechRepublic
19052186.4
18912184.5
18901183.7
20502197.5
22021210.4
21955209.0
23170220.9
22644215.5
16266154.7
18658177.5
-4.814.7
Denm
ark4132
76.43759
69.33624
66.53451
63.03721
67.53944
71.33947
71.03829
68.64091
73.03583
63.7-16.6
-12.8Estonia
4410327.3
4310320.5
3456257.4
3656272.6
3555265.2
3470258.9
3385252.6
3417257.8
3256246.6
2962225.1
-31.2-8.7
Finland3823
73.03714
70.73624
68.73531
66.63589
67.43316
62.03261
60.73196
59.23126
57.63097
56.8-22.2
-1.4France
5758291.7
5787691.5
6350099.8
66712104.2
66307103.0
66925103.4
72326111.3
76407117.1
78363119.5
77739118.0
28.67-1.2
Georgia8668
200.613419
304.918384
418.319507
445.219825
452.123684
533.924186
541.223227
516.48868
198.110233
227.913.6
15.0Germ
any78992
95.779146
96.077868
94.674706
90.973263
89.371634
87.670931
86.869268
86.267681
84.165710
81.4-15.0
-3.2Greece
958986.5
1011390.9
1070095.8
11798105.2
1108098.4
11934105.6
12479110.3
…
…
13238120.3
12006110.1
27.3-8.0
Hungary
16394162.4
15591154.7
14892147.9
15079150.1
15724156.8
16459164.4
17413174.4
17585177.1
18313184.8
18'270185.0
13.90.1
Iceland119
40.5119
39.7115
37.4140
44.4118
36.9165
51.9149
46.8152
47.6152
47.2154
47.316.7
0.1Ireland
…
…
313574.5
330576.6
352380.0
391988.1
435297.4
425793.1
432394.3
406588.5
382983.1
…
-6.1Italy
59649102.0
3830965.2
4561277.1
5583193.6
63981106.6
68345113.3
67104110.7
66271111.6
64835108.6
5425289.3
-12.5-17.8
Latvia7228
313.46531
284.66452
282.86544
288.26999
309.56778
301.56556
316.06195
303.05205
257.24809
240.3-23.3
-6.6Liechtenstein
1028.9
1028.6
617.1
1028.3
719.7
1439.0
1336.0
821.9
924.4
821.5
-25.4-11.8
Lithuania7993
233.48078
237.47842
231.77744
230.08295
247.68887
267.09504
311.310033
334.09621
323.78977
305.030.7
-5.8Luxem
bourg693
150.3755
161.0744
156.2673
139.1679
137.6690
137.4644
125.8659
125.6717
133.5656
119.3-21.6
-10.6Malta
…
29874.0
34384.7
…
…
577140.6
494119.4
583140.7
599144.1
622149.0
577136.9
134.281.4
-2.0Moldova
8990249.7
8817245.6
8130227.0
7252203.0
6769189.7
6415180.0
6337178.0
6621186.0
6666187.3
7166201.3
-19.47.5
Monaco
…
34102.8
37113.5
36110.2
3496.2
2364.5
1233.4
3290.3
41109.1
2928
74.1-27.9
-3.4
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics55
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum
ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
Country2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
(c)
(d)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)(a)
(b)Montenegro
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
986156.5
1438233.3
1328214.2
1229198.1
1142183.9
1058170.2
…
-7.2Netherlands
1539094.4
1374784.2
1291979.0
1179971.9
1162970.5
1173770.8
1157969.5
1132467.7
1054762.9
985758.6
-56.2-6.8
Norw
ay3097
67.23164
68.23280
70.13278
69.23285
68.43636
74.83535
71.83551
71.23649
72.23718
72.88.3
0.8Poland
82656216.5
88647232.3
90199236.6
83152218.2
84003220.3
80728211.5
81382211.2
84156221.1
78994207.5
77371203.5
-6.0-0.7
Portugal12889
122.412636
119.611587
109.310807
101.811099
104.411613
109.212681
119.913614
129.114284
136.214003
134.39.7
-1.4Rom
ania37929
175.135910
166.231290
145.127262
126.627028
125.728191
131.429823
139.331883
158.733122
165.431637
158.6-9.4
-4.1RussianFed.
823672574.1
871609610.6
871609612.9
887723625.1
880671620.6
838500590.8
780100546.1
717400501.5
681622475.0
671027467.1
-18.6-1.7
SanMarino
13.4
13.3
13.3
26.2
26.4
00.0
26.3
13.0
26.0
412.3
265.393.4
Serbia7775
104.38553
115.28978
121.49510
129.110262
139.911197
153.210955
150.611070
153.410031
139.710288
144.038.0
3.1SlovakRepublic
9289172.5
8657160.6
8235152.7
8313153.9
9170169.4
10068185.6
10713198.7
11075204.9
10152187.6
10179187.9
9.00.2
Slovenia1132
56.71301
64.91336
66.51318
65.61365
67.21351
66.01273
62.11377
67.01360
66.11522
73.830.3
11.8Spain(total)
61269138.9
64120143.4
66467147.0
71778155.5
78342167.6
75859161.3
71995156.0
69621148.7
68099145.7
65931141.7
-0.4-2.7
Spain(St.Adm.)
…
…
…
…
57072150.2
61939159.7
67986173.1
65098164.8
61279158.3
59410149.7
58089148.0
56391144.2
…
-2.5Spain(Catalonia)
…
…
…
…
9395130.3
9839133.6
10356138.5
10761143.2
10716144.1
10211134.9
10010133.8
9540128.6
…
-3.9Sweden
705478.3
717579.3
677074.3
685374.6
714777.2
692274.1
674271.6
643167.8
586861.4
586160.8
-22.4-1.0
Switzerland
611182.4
588878.9
571576.1
578076.1
608479.0
618179.4
606577.1
659983.0
707288.0
692385.1
3.2-3.3
FYROMacedonia
2132104.8
2038100.0
2050100.4
2235109.3
2461120.1
2516122.6
2515122.2
2543123.5
2846138.0
3116150.8
44.09.3
Turkey54296
75.867795
93.585865
123.299416
140.8115540
161.6120391
165.9126725
171.9120275
161.0136147
180.0151451
197.5160.5
9.7Ukraine
179519381.1
165408353.8
154055331.5
148339321.1
146394318.5
152169332.4
158532347.7
151122332.5
…
…
92290204.0
-46.5…
UK:E&
W
76190142.6
77982145.1
79734147.4
83194152.8
83454152.3
85002153.9
85374152.0
86048152.1
83842147.2
85509149.7
4.91.7
UK:NIR
133777.5
150286.2
144582.1
152385.8
145681.4
147582.0
170394.3
177997.6
182299.6
1860101.3
30.71.7
UK:SCO
6795
133.47192
140.67453
144.98088
156.58113
156.27890
151.18267
157.38145
153.37928
148.87879
147.610.7
-0.8
Source:SPACEI2005toSP
ACEI2014
NB1:T
hePrisonP
opulationRatesforAzerbaijan
arerecalculatedfor2010and2011includingonlyinmatesm
anagedbythePrisonServiceandthepre-traildetention
facilityundertheMinistryofN
ationalSecurity.
NB2:T
hePrisonP
opulationRatesforBulgariaarerecalculatedforthew
holeseries(2004-2013)byexcludingtheinmatesheldintheinvestigativedetentionfacilities
[IDF],becausetheaccuratenum
beroftheseinmatesism
issingfor2013.Theevolutionshouldbeconsideredaspartialastherealnum
berofthetotalprisonpopulationisnotavailable.
NB3:T
hePrisonP
opulationRatesfortheN
etherlandsarefullyrecalculatedinthewholeseriesonthebasisofthefiguresavailablein2012(i.e.onlyadultinm
ates).
56 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE1.6:YEAR-TO-YEARPERCENTAGECHANGEOFPRISONPOPULATIONRATESBETWEEN2013AND2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.6
NOTES–TABLES1.5AND1.6
Tables 1.5 and 1.6 are based on non-adjusted figures in order to ensure comparabilitywith data frompreviousyears. Inorderto increaseaccuracy, thepercentagesshownin inTable1.6werecalculatedonthebasisoftherawdataprovidedbythecountries.
InTable1.5,previousrateswererecalculated.Therecalculationtookintoaccount:
(a) Modificationstopreviousfiguresprovidedbythecountries,and
(b) Updatestothenationaldemographicdata(totalpopulation)foreachyearmadebyEurostat.
Indeed,whenproducingannualSPACEreports,sometimesonlyestimatesofthedemographicalsituationineachcountryareavailable.Thismethodologicallimitationledtosomedistortionsforcountrieswherethecalculationsarebasedonestimatesorprovisionaldata.Inthatcontext,thefirstSPACEreportsuseddata fromtheCouncilofEuropedemographicreports,whichareno longerproduced.Consequently,welater revised the results forall these countriesand increased the comparabilitybyusing the samedatasourcefordemographicaldatainalmostallCoEMemberStates.
Currently, the main source for national population data is the Eurostat database, which is updatedconstantlyandincludesfiguresforsomeofnon-EUcountriesaswell.Thus,inordertoreduceasmuchaspossibletheeffectsofdifferentestimationproceduresandtousethelatestavailabledata,themajorityoftherecalculatedrateswerebasedontheEurostatfiguresofnationalpopulations.
Figures retrieved from theEurostatdatabase relate to1st Januaryof each referenceyear.However, thelackofinformationforsomecountriesornationalentitiesrequiredtheuseofdatafromothersources(formoredetails,seeChapterDemographicData).
InTable1.6,percentagesforthetwoPrisonAdministrationsofSpain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia)
Romania -4.1Spain(Catalonia) -3.9Monaco (-3.4)Switzerland -3.3Germany -3.2Spain(total) -2.7Spain(StateAdm.) -2.5Malta -2.0 RussianFed. -1.7 Italy -17.8Portugal -1.4 Cyprus -15.2Finland -1.4 Armenia -15.0France -1.2 Croatia -13.2Sweden -1.0 Denmark -12.8
Moldova 7.5 Poland -0.7 Liechtenstein (-11.8)Albania 9.0 UK:Scotland -0.8 Bulgaria -10.4TheFYROMacedonia 9.3 Austria -0.4 Luxembourg -10.6Azerbaijan 9.7 Hungary 0.1 Estonia -8.7Turkey 9.7 Iceland 0.1 Greece -8.0Slovenia 11.8 SlovakRep. 0.2 Montenegro -7.2CzechRep. 14.7 Norway 0.8 Netherlands -6.8France 15.5 UK:Engl.&Wales 1.7 Latvia -6.6Georgia 15.0 UK:North.Ireland 1.7 Ireland -6.1Andorra (16.1) Serbia 3.1 BH:Rep.Srpska -6.0SanMarino (93.4) Belgium 3.7 Lithuania -5.8
Increaseofmorethan5% Between-5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 57
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were calculated separately. Though,we included the national total trend aswell. This indicator for thewholecountryispresentedundertheheading“Spain(total)”.
Forcountrieswhosetotalnumberofinmatesislowerthan50,theincreaseordecreasepercentagesarepresentedbetweenbrackets(Andorra,Liechtenstein,Monaco,andSanMarino).ThefigureforSanMarinois largelyinfluencedbytheverysmalltotalnumberof inmatesheldinthecountry(usuallylessthan10persons).Therefore,thesevariationsinthiscountryareoftenextreme.
BULGARIA
(1) Since 2004, all Bulgarian inputs included persons held in the Investigative Detention Facilities[IDF].Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodlastingfrom2005until2012arethefollowing:2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
PPR 157.7 PPR 158.3 PPR 143.7 PPR 140.3 PPR 131.8 PPR 138.4 PPR 151.1 PPR 145.5
Total 12240 Total 12218 Total 11032 Total 10723 Total 10028 Total 10470 Total 11137 Total 10663
IDF 804 IDF 1160 IDF 761 IDF 1315 IDF 1022 IDF 1091 IDF 1252 IDF 1170
Prisons 11436 Prisons 11058 Prisons 10271 Prisons 9408 Prisons 9006 Prisons 9379 Prisons 9885 Prisons 9493
ü In2013, theaccurate figures fromIDFaremissing.This lackofreliable informationpushedtheauthors of this report to review the whole series since 2004 until 2013 (see Table 1.5) andrecalculatetheprisonpopulationratesonlyforprisons.
CYPRUS
ü ForthecalculationsinTable1.5weuseddataincludingdetaineesheldinpolicestations.Yet,thisinformation has probably not been provided for 2004. Since 2005, the information on thedistributionbycategoriesofprisonersindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions(policestationsandprisoninstitution)isavailable.Asaconsequence,thepercentagechangebetween2004and2013shouldbeinterpretedcautiously.
ü Forthecalculations inTable 1.6weusedthetotalnumberofprisoners including thoseheld inpolicestations.Thetotalnumberofprisoners in2013was811andin2014itwas681inmatesrespectively.Thus,thedecreaseobservedinTable1.6isaccurate.
ITALY
ü Italian data until 2003 included juveniles in the total prison population. Since 2004 thesecategories of inmates are no longer counted. Thus, data on the series from 2004 to 2013presentedinthisreportarefullycomparable.
THENETHERLANDS
ü All the figures for the Netherlands have been recalculated by excluding the data on all theavailablecategoriesfor:
ü Juvenileoffendersinfacilitiesforjuvenileoffendersü Personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderhospitalorders,andü Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons
ü TheonlyadditionalcategoryincludedasbeingmanagedbyPrisonAdministrationisthecategoryofpeopleunderElectronicMonitoring.
ü IntheTable1.6weusedtherawdatawhichrelatetothesamecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersin2012andin2013.ThesecategoriesincludeadultinmatesheldinregularpenalinstitutionsaswellaspersonsunderElectronicMonitoring.
SPAIN
ü Table1.5:Inordertoensuretheaccuracyofthecomparisonswiththepreviousyears’data,weaddedCataloniandatainthetotalnumberofprisoners(Spaintotal=StateAdministration+Catalonia),andwerecalculatedthewholeprisonpopulationrateforthecountry.
ü Table1.6:ThetrendsforStateAdministrationandforCataloniaarepresentedseparately.
58 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE2:AGEANDCRIMINALRESPONSIBILITY
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.1
CountryAgeofcriminalresponsibility
Minimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures
Ageofcriminalmajority
Albania 14 14 18Andorra 14 14 18Armenia 14 14 18Austria 14 14 18Azerbaijan 14 14 18Belgium NAP 14 18BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 14 14 18Bulgaria 14 14 18Croatia 14 14 18/21Cyprus 14 14 16CzechRep. 15 15 18Denmark 15 15 18Estonia 14 14 18Finland 15 15 18/21France 13 16 18Georgia 14 14 18Germany 14 14 21Greece 15 15 18Hungary 14 14 14Iceland 15 15 18Ireland 12 12 18Italy 14 14 18Latvia 14 14 18Liechtenstein 14 14 14Lithuania 14 14 18Luxembourg 16 16 18Malta 14 14 18Moldova 14 14 18Monaco 13 13 18Montenegro 14 16 18Netherlands 12 12 18Norway 15 15 18Poland 13 15 17Portugal 16 NAP 21Romania 16 14 18RussianFed. 14 14 18SanMarino 14 14 18Serbia 14 14 18SlovakRep. 14 14 18Slovenia 14 16 18/21Spain(total) 14 14 18Spain(StateAdm.) 14 14 18Spain(Catalonia) 14 14 18Sweden 15 18 18Switzerland 10 15 18theFYROMacedonia 14 16 18Turkey 12 12 18Ukraine 14 16 18UK:Engl.&Wales 10 15 18UK:North.Ireland 10 10 18UK:Scotland 8/12 16 18/21
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TABLE2.1.:MINORSANDPERSONSAGED18ANDOVERON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.2.a
Country
Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trial
detainees)
Custodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
Educationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders
Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)
Howmany?
Ofwhichaged18andover
Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)
Howmany?
Ofwhichaged18and
over
Albania 5440 Yes 94 No NAP *** ***Andorra 53 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Armenia 3979 Yes 16 NA NAP *** ***Austria 8857 Yes 96 No No *** ***Azerbaijan 18702 Yes 79 0 No *** ***Belgium 13212 Yes 91 38 No *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 826 Yes 15 10 NAP *** ***Bulgaria 7201 Yes 47 15 NAP *** ***Croatia 3763 Yes 70 30 No *** ***Cyprus 539 Yes 14 11 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 18658 Yes 107 64 NAP *** ***Denmark 3583 No *** *** NAP *** ***Estonia 2962 Yes 86 71 No *** ***Finland 3097 NAP *** *** No *** ***France 77739 Yes 248 0 No *** ***Georgia 10233 Yes 85 2 NAP *** ***Germany 65710 Yes 4910 4410 No *** ***Greece 12006 Yes 402 0 NAP *** ***Hungary 18270 No *** *** No *** ***Iceland 154 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Ireland 3829 Yes 48 0 NAP *** ***Italy 54252 No *** *** NAP *** ***Latvia 3432 Yes 37 11 No *** ***Liechtenstein 8 No *** *** No *** ***Lithuania 7654 Yes 158 78 No *** ***Luxembourg 656 Yes 6 1 No *** ***Malta 571 Yes 11 0 No *** ***Moldova 5712 Yes 26 8 No *** ***Monaco 28 Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Montenegro 1058 Yes NA NA NA *** ***Netherlands 9857 No *** *** No *** ***Norway 3718 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Poland 77371 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Portugal 14003 Yes 238 229 NAP *** ***Romania 31637 Yes 697 501 Yes 127 29RussianFed. 511944 Yes 1860 434 NAP *** ***SanMarino 4 Yes 0 0 NAP *** ***Serbia 10288 No *** *** Yes 242 171SlovakRep. 10179 Yes 50 No No *** ***Slovenia 1522 Yes 2 2 Yes 17 12Spain(total) 65931 No *** *** No *** ***Spain(St.Adm.) 56391 0 0 0 0 0 0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 No *** *** No *** ***Sweden 4319 No *** *** No *** ***Switzerland 6923 Yes 178 177 Yes 24 15FYROMacedonia 3116 Yes 53 32 No *** ***Turkey 151451 Yes 1774 *** Yes 515 416Ukraine 92290 NAP *** *** Yes 539 223UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 Yes 741 0 NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1860 Yes 38 0 No *** ***
UK:Scotland 7879 Yes 525 461 No *** ***
60 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE2.2:MINORSAMONGINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.2.b
CountryNumberof
femalesagedlessthan18
Numberoffemaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)
%ofminorsamongfemale
inmates
Numberofmalesagedlessthan18
Numberofmaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)
%ofminorsamongmaleinmates
Albania 0 88 0.0 94 5352 1.8Andorra 0 10 0.0 0 43 0.0Armenia 0 191 0.0 10 3788 0.3Austria 7 536 1.3 92 8321 1.1Azerbaijan 2 639 0.3 77 21940 0.4Belgium 1 609 0.2 87 12603 0.7BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0 17 0.0 0 923 0.0Bulgaria 1 259 0.4 47 7611 0.6Croatia 5 190 2.6 42 3573 1.2Cyprus 0 42 0.0 3 497 0.6CzechRep. 1 1170 0.1 42 17488 0.2Denmark 0 145 0.0 9 3438 0.3Estonia 3 157 1.9 29 2805 1.0Finland 0 248 0.0 3 2849 0.1France 48 2838 1.7 665 74901 0.9Georgia 0 253 0.0 83 9980 0.8Germany NA NA NA NA 61976 NAGreece NA 578 NA NA 11428 NAHungary 0 1411 0.0 0 16859 0.0Iceland 0 3 0.0 0 151 0.0Ireland 3 146 2.1 45 3683 1.2Italy NA 2308 NA NA 51944 NALatvia 1 337 0.3 12 4472 0.3Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 8 0.0Lithuania 1 385 0.3 84 8592 1.0Luxembourg 0 26 0.0 5 630 0.8Malta 0 35 0.0 0 536 0.0Moldova 1 442 0.2 17 6724 0.3Monaco 0 3 0.0 1 25 4.0Montenegro 0 19 0.0 6 1039 0.6Netherlands 0 522 0.0 0 9335 0.0Norway 0 190 0.0 9 3528 0.3Poland NA 2527 NA NA 74844 NAPortugal 0 841 0.0 21 13162 0.2Romania 18 1568 1.1 320 30069 1.1RussianFed. 110 55071 0.2 1316 615956 0.2SanMarino 0 1 0.0 0 3 0.0Serbia 4 332 1.2 80 9956 0.8SlovakRep. 2 678 0.3 82 9501 0.9Slovenia 0 89 0.0 5 1433 0.3Spain(total) NAP 4987 NAP NAP 60944 NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 0 4346 0.0 0 52045 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 0 641 0.0 0 8899 0.0Sweden 1 333 0.3 11 5528 0.2Switzerland 2 328 0.6 23 6595 0.3theFYROMacedonia 0 102 0.0 23 3014 0.8Turkey 54 5476 1.0 1720 145975 1.2Ukraine 24 4964 0.5 292 87326 0.3UK:Engl.&Wales 0 3929 0.0 741 81580 0.9UK:North.Ireland 3 61 4.9 35 1799 1.9UK:Scotland 3 425 0.7 61 7454 0.8Average 0.5 0.6
Median 0.0 0.3
Minimum 0.0 0.0
Maximum 4.9 4.0
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NOTES–TABLES2,2.1AND2.2.
AUSTRIAü There is only one prison for juvenile offenders, but in fact also convicts aged over 18 are
detainedinthisinstitution.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,notallAustrianjuvenile offenders serve their sentence there. The others are spread over the other Austrianprisons,wherespecialiseddepartmentsforyoungoffendersareestablished.
ü Thefigureoncustodialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersonlyincludejuvenileoffenderwithlessthan18yearsold.
CROATIAü Figureson31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
CYPRUS
ü Figures refers to inmates held in the prison institution only (figures for those held in policestationswereexcluded fromthecalculations).Therefore, figuresandcalculationsprovided fortables2.2.Aand2.2.Band2.3arebasedonatotalprisonpopulationof539inmates(figuresondetaineesheldinpolicestationswereexcluded).
ü There isnoexpressdefinitionof the terms 'adult' and 'juvenile'.Under the JuvenileOffenders'Law(Ch.157), the JuvenileCourthears chargesagainst 'children'or 'youngpersons'.This lawdefines'child'asapersonundertheageof14and'youngperson'asapersonwhois14yearsofageorolderandunder theageof16years.Thereforea juvenile is aperson fallingwithin theabovedefinitionof'child'or'youngperson'.AccordingtotheCriminalCode,“apersonundertheageof14isnotcriminallyresponsibleforanyactoromission”.
FRANCEü Figureson1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figuresareonthetotalnumberof inmatesmanagedbyPrisonAdministration(“écroués”)and
notonlythosewhoaredefactoheldinpenalinstitutions(“écrouésdétenus”).GEORGIA
ü Figureson31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY
ü Figuresareon31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
GREECE
Ageofcriminalmajority:accordingtotheGreeklegislationsanctionsareinforceuntil21yearsold.IRELAND
ü Ageofcriminalresponsibilityis12yearsold,exceptforcasesofmurder,manslaughter,rapeorserioussexualassault.Forthischargestheagelimitisloweredto10yearsold.
ü Thereare3childrendetentionschoolsinIrelandprovidingplacesforboysuptoage17andgirlsuptoage18orderedtoberemandedincustodyorcommittedtoserveasentence.All3schoolsare locatedatasingle location.Theschoolsdeliverachildcaremodelofdetention focusedoneducation and rehabilitation of those young people detained in order to address offendingbehaviourandsupporttheirearlycommunityre-integration.
ü Theaverageageofpopulationinchildrendetentionschoolswas16years(notincludedinfigureabove).
ü The median age of population in children detention schools was 15.5 years (not included infigureabove).
LITHUANIAü Figureson1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
LATVIAü Figureson1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figurespresented in this table concernonly thepopulationheld inpenal institutions,without
juvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens.
62 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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MOLDOVAü According to the Moldovan legislation, if the person turns 18, he/she can continue to serve
his/hersentenceinjuvenileprisonsandkeepthe“juvenile”statusupto23yearsold.THENETHERLANDS
ü Figurespresented in this table concernonly thepopulationheld inpenal institutions,withoutjuvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens.
NORWAYü TherearenojuvenilecourtsinNorway,noristherespeciallegislationforyoungoffendersover
theageof15.TheGeneralPenalCodemakeshoweversomespecialprovisionsforthosebetweentheageof15and18.
PORTUGALü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Table 2.1:Personsaged from16to less than21yearsareyoungadultsandare triedundera
speciallawwhichisspecifictothem.SWEDEN
ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Table2:areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.
SWITZERLAND
ü Figuresareon3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UKENGLAND&WALES
ü Figureson30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UK:SCOTLAND
ü Table 2.1:Theageoflegalresponsibility inScotland is8.However,childrenbetween8and12cannotbeprosecuted incriminalcourtsbutmustbereferredto thechildren'shearingsystem.Childrenaged12ormorecanbeprosecutedinthecriminalcourtsforparticularlyseriouscases.Themajority of offenders under the age of 16 are currently dealtwith through the children'shearings system rather than the criminal courts. The hearings system also deals with someyoung people aged 16 and 17. Offenders aged 18 and above are dealtwith through the adultcriminal justicesystem,butprisonersunder21areheldinseparateaccommodation.Offendersunder 16 may be held in secure residential accommodation on offence grounds but are notincludedinthesefigures.Moreinformationisavailableathttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10457/1/SB11-53.pdf
In Italy, Portugal, and Spain juvenile offenders are managed by other authorities than the PrisonAdministration. In Cyprus, Norway, and Sweden, the definition of juvenile offender and the specialregimeappliedtothiscategoryofoffendershavesomeparticularitieswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendoingcross-sectionalcomparisons(seepreviousnotes).
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 63
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13 out of 47 entities presented inTable 2.3 donotincludepersonsheldincustodialinstitutionsfor juvenile offenders in the calculation ofaverage and median ages: Denmark, Finland,Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, theNetherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino,Spain (St. level), Spain (Catalonia), andSweden. For Bulgaria the calculations of theaverage andmedianweremade by the authorsof the reporton thebasisof rawdataprovidedby national correspondents. For Germany,Latvia,Lithuania,andSwedentheaverageandthe median ages are calculated only forsentenced prisoners. Finally, average andmedian values for Cyprus are based onpopulationheldinprison(withoutpersonsheldinpolicestations).
Ireland: Themean (average) age of populationin children detention schools is 16 years (notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).Themedianageofpopulation in childrendetention schoolswas15.5years(notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).
FIGURE2:COUNTRIESWITHTHEYOUNGEST(LESSTHAN34YEARS)PRISONPOPULATIONCLASSIFIEDBYDECREASING
MEDIANAGE
TABLE2.3:AVERAGEANDMEDIANAGESOFTHEPRISONPOPULATIONON1ST
SEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.3
CountryAverageageoftheprisonpop.
Medianageoftheprisonpop.
Albania 33 26Andorra 35.62 31Armenia NA NAAustria 35.7 34Azerbaijan 35 NABelgium 36.2 34BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA NABulgaria 37.49 44.58Croatia 37.5 36.26Cyprus 36.7 35CzechRep. 37.8 35Denmark 34.9 32Estonia 36 34Finland 37.4 35.5France 34.6 31.9Georgia NA NAGermany NA NAGreece NA NAHungary 36.5 NAIceland 33.55 32Ireland 34 32Italy 40 39Latvia 34 39Liechtenstein 39 44Lithuania 34.2 31Luxembourg 35.73 34Malta NA NAMoldova NA NAMonaco 26 28Montenegro 35 34Netherlands 35.5 34Norway 36 35Poland 36.24 34Portugal 38.4 36.4Romania 35 33RussianFed. NA NASanMarino 51.75 51.75Serbia 36.23 35SlovakRep. NA NASlovenia NA NASpain(total) 38.3 37Spain(StateAdm.) NA NASpain(Catalonia) 37.7 36Sweden 37 35Switzerland NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33.25 38Turkey 35 33Ukraine NA NAUK:Engl.&Wales 35 32UK:North.Ireland 35 31UK:Scotland NA NAAverage 36.0 34.9
Median 35.7 34.0
Minimum 26.0 26.0
Maximum 51.8 51.826
28
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
32
33
33
34
34
34
34
34
34
0 10 20 30 40
Albania
Monaco
Andorra
Lithuania
UK:North.Ireland
France
Denmark
Iceland
Ireland
UK:Engl.&Wales
Romania
Turkey
Austria
Belgium
Estonia
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
64 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE3.A:FEMALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.3.1
Country
Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Numberoffemaleinmates
%offemalesinthetotal
numberof
inmates
Numberof
foreignfemales
%offoreignfemalesinthenumberoffemaleinmates
Numberoffemalepre-trialdetainees
%ofpre-trialfemale
detaineesinthenumberoffemaleinmates
Numberof
femalesagedless
than18
%offemalesaged<18inthenumberoffemaleinmates
Albania 5440 88 1.6 2 2.3 51 58.0 0 0.0Andorra 53 10 18.9 7 70.0 9 90.0 0 0.0Armenia 3979 191 4.8 5 2.6 36 18.8 0 0.0Austria 8857 536 6.1 225 42.0 115 21.5 7 1.3Azerbaijan 22579 639 2.8 21 3.3 152 23.8 2 0.3Belgium 13212 609 4.6 179 29.4 210 34.5 1 0.2BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 17 1.8 0 0.0 3 17.6 0 0.0Bulgaria [7870] [259] [3.3] [2] [0.8] [21] [8.1] [1] [0.4]Croatia 3763 190 5.0 10 5.3 42 22.1 5 2.6Cyprus 539 42 7.6 30 71.4 11 26.2 0 0.0CzechRep. 18658 1170 6.3 93 7.9 145 12.4 1 0.1Denmark 3583 145 4.0 44 30.3 62 42.8 0 0.0Estonia 2962 157 5.3 11 7.0 40 25.5 3 1.9Finland 3097 248 8.0 40 16.1 65 26.2 0 0.0France 77739 2838 3.7 639 22.5 698 24.6 48 1.7Georgia 10233 253 2.5 25 9.9 50 19.8 0 0.0Germany 65710 3734 5.7 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12006 578 4.8 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18270 1411 7.7 39 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0Iceland 154 3 1.9 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Ireland 3829 146 3.8 20 13.7 25 17.1 3 2.1Italy 54252 2308 4.3 870 37.7 704 30.5 NA NALatvia 4809 337 7.0 3 0.9 89 26.4 1 0.3Liechtenstein 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 8977 385 4.3 3 0.8 38 9.9 1 0.3Luxembourg 656 26 4.0 15 57.7 11 42.3 0 0.0Malta [571] [35] [6.1] [17] [48.6] [8] [22.9] [0] [0.0]Moldova 7166 442 6.2 4 0.9 112 25.3 1 0.2Monaco 28 3 10.7 3 100.0 2 66.7 0 0.0Montenegro 1058 19 1.8 7 36.8 10 52.6 0 0.0Netherlands 9857 522 5.3 103 19.7 217 41.6 0 0.0Norway 3718 190 5.1 47 24.7 54 28.4 0 0.0Poland 77371 2527 3.3 25 1.0 284 12.2 NA NAPortugal 14003 841 6.0 205 24.4 211 25.1 0 0.0Romania 31637 1568 5.0 9 0.6 160 10.2 18 1.1RussianFed. 671027 55071 8.2 NA NA 10078 18.3 110 0.2SanMarino 4 1 25.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0Serbia 10288 332 3.2 3 0.9 32 9.6 4 1.2SlovakRep. 10179 678 6.7 10 1.5 77 11.4 2 0.3Slovenia 1522 89 5.8 13 14.6 12 13.5 0 0.0Spain(total) 65931 4987 7.6 1548 31.0 771 15.5 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 4346 7.7 1308 30.1 672 15.5 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 641 6.7 240 37.4 99 15.4 0 0.0Sweden 5861 333 5.7 NA NA 88 26.4 1 0.3Switzerland 6923 328 4.7 NA NA 116 35.4 2 0.6theFYROMacedonia 3116 102 3.3 6 5.9 13 12.7 0 0.0Turkey 151451 5476 3.6 316 5.8 795 14.5 54 1.0Ukraine 92290 4964 5.4 NA NA 1212 24.4 24 0.5UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 3929 4.6 518 13.2 483 12.3 0 0.0UK:North.Ireland 1860 61 3.3 10 16.4 23 37.7 3 4.9UK:Scotland 7879 425 5.4 14 3.3 92 21.6 3 0.7Average 5.6 19.4 25.8 0.5Median 5.0 11.5 22.5 0.0Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 25.0 100.0 100.0 4.9
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 65
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE3.A.
BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.
BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
CYPRUSü Figurespresented inTable3Aarebasedona totalof539 inmatesheld inPrison institution
(for142personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
DENMARKü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
ESTONIAü Thereare897inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas
being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is a personwho has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.
FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü The breakdown of female inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates
whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).
GEORGIAü Datarelatesto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
ICELANDü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
ITALYü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
LUXEMBOURGü Stateless inmates and thosewith unknown nationality andarenot included as foreigners in
Table3.1.MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS
ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
66 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
ROMANIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles(pre-trialandsentenced)arenotincluded.ü Thenumberofjuvenilefemaleinmatesareagedlessthan19yearsold(ratherthan18).
SERBIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Pre-trialfemaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates.
SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
TURKEYü Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludesinmateswhosegenderwasnotrecorded.
UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü FiguresforTable3AaretakenfromTable1.1(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics
Quarterly(January-March2014)&Table1.7AnnualTable.UK:SCOTLAND
ü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentencedpeople.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 67
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TABLE3.B:MALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.3.2
Country
Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Numberofmaleinmates
%ofmaleinthetotalnumber
ofinmates
Numberof
foreignmales
%offoreignmalesinthe
numberofmaleinmates
Numberofmalepre-trialdetainees
%ofpre-trialmaledetaineesinthenumberofmaleinmates
Numberof
malesagedless
than18
%ofmalesaged<18inthenumberofmaleinmates
Albania 5440 5352 98.4 97 1.8 2690 50.3 94 1.8Andorra 53 43 81.1 34 79.1 28 65.1 0 0.0Armenia 3979 3788 95.2 125 3.3 1068 28.2 10 0.3Austria 8857 8321 93.9 4297 51.6 1733 20.8 92 1.1Azerbaijan 22579 21940 97.2 579 2.6 3729 17.0 77 0.4Belgium 13212 12603 95.4 5181 41.1 3104 24.6 87 0.7BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 923 98.2 28 3.0 111 12.0 0 0.0Bulgaria [7870] [7611] [96.7] [238] [3.1] [669] [8.8] [47] [0.6]Croatia 3763 3573 95.0 221 6.2 770 21.6 42 1.2Cyprus 539 497 92.2 227 45.7 86 17.3 3 0.6CzechRep. 18658 17488 93.7 1456 8.3 2040 11.7 42 0.2Denmark 3583 3438 96.0 958 27.9 1321 38.4 9 0.3Estonia 2962 2805 94.7 215 7.7 565 20.1 29 1.0Finland 3097 2849 92.0 467 16.4 575 20.2 3 0.1France 77739 74901 96.3 14049 18.8 16332 21.8 665 0.9Georgia 10233 9980 97.5 223 2.2 1587 15.9 83 0.8Germany 65710 61976 94.3 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12006 11428 95.2 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18270 16859 92.3 625 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0Iceland 154 151 98.1 21 13.9 9 6.0 0 0.0Ireland 3829 3683 96.2 489 13.3 550 14.9 45 1.2Italy 54252 51944 95.7 16587 31.9 16465 31.7 NA NALatvia 4809 4472 93.0 78 1.7 1287 28.8 12 0.3Liechtenstein 8 8 100.0 4 50.0 3 37.5 0 0.0Lithuania 8977 8592 95.7 153 1.8 904 10.5 84 1.0Luxembourg 656 630 96.0 462 73.3 272 43.2 5 0.8Malta [571] [536] [93.9] [224] [41.8] [81] [15.1] [0] [0.0]Moldova 7166 6724 93.8 86 1.3 1318 19.6 17 0.3Monaco 28 25 89.3 24 96.0 14 56.0 1 4.0Montenegro 1058 1039 98.2 183 17.6 307 29.5 6 0.6Netherlands 9857 9335 94.7 1717 18.4 3998 42.8 0 0.0Norway 3718 3528 94.9 1204 34.1 940 26.6 9 0.3Poland 77371 74844 96.7 512 0.7 216 0.3 NA NAPortugal 14003 13162 94.0 2264 17.2 2119 16.1 21 0.2Romania 31637 30069 95.0 252 0.8 2428 8.1 320 1.1RussianFed. 671027 615956 91.8 NA NA 104579 17.0 1316 0.2SanMarino 4 3 75.0 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.0Serbia 10288 9956 96.8 298 3.0 1561 15.7 80 0.8SlovakRep. 10179 9501 93.3 166 1.7 1286 13.5 82 0.9Slovenia 1522 1433 94.2 150 10.5 219 15.3 5 0.3Spain(total) 65931 60944 92.4 18577 30.5 7865 12.9 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 52045 92.3 14631 28.1 6573 12.6 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 8899 93.3 3946.0 44.3 1292 14.5 0 0.0Sweden 5861 5528 94.3 NA NA 1454 26.3 11 0.2Switzerland 6923 6595 95.3 NA NA 1525 23.1 23 0.3theFYROMacedonia 3116 3014 96.7 113 3.7 404 13.4 23 0.8Turkey 151451 145975 96.4 2282 1.6 20290 13.9 1720 1.2Ukraine 92290 87326 94.6 NA NA 17135 19.6 292 0.3UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 81580 95.4 10316 12.6 8135 10.0 741 0.9UK:North.Ireland 1860 1799 96.7 114 6.3 464 25.8 35 1.9UK:Scotland 7879 7454 94.6 274 3.7 1527 20.5 61 0.8Average 94.4 20.4 22.7 0.6Median 95.0 11.6 19.6 0.3Minimum 75.0 0.7 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 96.0 66.7 4.0
68 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE3.B
BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
CYPRUSü Figurespresented inTable3.2arebasedona totalof539 inmatesheld inPrison institution
(for142personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
DENMARKü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
ESTONIAü Thereare897inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas
being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.
FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü Thebreakdownofmaleinmatesistobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberofinmateswhich
have the status of “écroués” andnot only thosewho are “écrouésdétenus” (de facto held inpenalinstitutions).
GEORGIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
ICELANDü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
ITALYü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
LUXEMBOURGü PersonswithunknownnationalityareincludedasforeignersinTable3.2.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS
ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 69
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
ROMANIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles(pre-trialandsentenced)arenotincluded.
SERBIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.
SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Pre-trialmaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates.
SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Stateless inmates and thosewith unknownnationality and are not included as foreigners in
Table3.2.TURKEY
ü Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludesinmateswhosegenderwasnotrecorded.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü FiguresforTable3BaretakenfromTable1.8(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics
Quarterly(January-March2014)&Table1.7AnnualTable.UK:SCOTLAND
ü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentenced.
70CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE4:FO
REIGNIN
MATESO
N1
STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.4
Country
Totalnum
berofinm
ates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Totalnum
berofforeigninm
ates
Adjustedtotalof
foreigners(includingunknow
n)
%of
foreignersinthetotalnum
berofinm
ates
Adjusted%
offoreigners(incl.
unknown)
inthetotalnum
berofinm
ates
Num
berofforeignpre-
trialdetainees
%of
foreignpre-trial
detaineesinthenum
berofforeigninm
ates
Num
berofinm
atescitizensofMem
berStatesoftheEuropeanUnion
%oftheEU
citizensinthenum
berofforeigninm
ates
Num
berofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18
%of
foreignminorsin
thenumber
offoreigninm
ates
Num
berofdetaineesforw
hichthe
nationalityisunknow
n
%of
detaineesforw
hichthe
nationalityisunknow
nintotalprison
populationAlbania
544099
991.8
1.866
66.735
35.41
1.00
0.0Andorra
5341
4177.4
77.435
85.429
70.70
0.00
0.0Arm
enia3979
130130
3.33.3
NANA
53.8
00.0
00.0
Austria8857
44414522
50.151.1
130629.4
194143.7
521.2
810.9
Azerbaijan22579
600600
2.72.7
11419.0
40.7
00.0
00.0
Belgium
132125360
538440.6
40.81822
34.01652
30.826
0.524
0.2BH
:BiH(total)
BH
:BiH(st.level)
BH
:Fed.BiH
BH
:Rep.Srpska940
2828
3.03.0
932.1
517.9
00.0
00.0
Bulgaria[7870]
[232][NA]
[2.9][NA]
[42][18.1]
[NA][NA]
[2][0.9]
[NA][NA]
Croatia3763
231237
6.16.3
9742.0
3314.3
00.0
60.2
Cyprus539
257257
47.747.7
5119.8
11042.8
00.0
00.0
CzechRep.18658
15491556
8.38.3
54335.1
79351.2
10.1
70.0
Denm
ark3583
10021049
28.029.3
40240.1
30230.1
NANA
471.3
Estonia2962
2261123
7.637.9
5825.7
177.5
20.9
89730.3
Finland3097
497507
16.016.4
22745.7
25651.5
00.0
100.3
France77739
1468814874
18.919.1
NANA
383626.1
1380.9
1860.2
Georgia10233
248250
2.42.4
9739.1
62.4
20.8
20.0
Germany
6571019592
NA29.8
NA5879
30.0NA
NANA
NANA
NAGreece
120067116
NA59.3
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NAHungary
18270NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NAIceland
15422
2314.3
14.91
4.516
72.70
0.01
0.6Ireland
3829509
50913.3
13.3133
26.1323
63.54
0.80
0.0Italy
5425217457
1746832.2
32.26247
35.83828
21.9NA
NA11
0.0Latvia
480981
811.7
1.741
50.612
14.80
0.00
0.0Liechtenstein
84
450.0
50.02
50.02
50.00
0.00
0.0Lithuania
8977156
1581.7
1.868
43.646
29.50
0.02
0.0Luxem
bourg656
477478
72.772.9
24451.2
27858.3
20.4
10.2
Malta
[571][241]
[241][42.2]
[42.2][89]
[36.9][103]
[42.7][0]
[0.0][0]
[0.0]Moldova
716690
901.3
1.319
21.1NA
NA0
0.00
0.0Monaco
2827
2796.4
96.417
63.022
81.51
3.70
0.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics71
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum
ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Totalnum
berofinm
ates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Totalnum
berofforeigninm
ates
Adjustedtotalof
foreigners(includingunknow
n)
%of
foreignersinthetotalnum
berofinm
ates
Adjusted%
offoreigners(incl.
unknown)
inthetotalnum
berofinm
ates
Num
berofforeignpre-
trialdetainees
%of
foreignpre-trial
detaineesinthenum
berofforeigninm
ates
Num
berofinm
atescitizensofMem
berStatesoftheEuropeanUnion
%oftheEU
citizensinthenum
berofforeigninm
ates
Num
berofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18
%of
foreignminorsin
thenumber
offoreigninm
ates
Num
berofdetaineesforw
hichthe
nationalityisunknow
n
%of
detaineesforw
hichthe
nationalityisunknow
nintotalprison
populationMontenegro
1058190
19018.0
18.091
47.90
0.00
0.00
0.0Netherlands
98571820
208118.5
21.1917
50.4781
42.90
0.0261
2.6Norw
ay3718
12511251
33.633.6
55844.6
49539.6
80.6
00.0
Poland77371
524537
0.70.7
22943.7
22743.3
NANA
130.0
Portugal14003
24692469
17.617.6
68327.7
54622.1
4NA
00.0
Romania
31637261
2650.8
0.864
24.571
27.20
0.04
0.0RussianFed.
67102726169
297103.9
4.4NA
NANA
NANA
NA3541
0.5SanM
arino4
11
25.025.0
00.0
1100.0
00.0
00.0
Serbia10288
301302
2.92.9
10133.6
3913.0
00.0
10.0
SlovakRep.10179
176176
1.71.7
5833.0
7743.8
00.0
00.0
Slovenia1522
163163
10.710.7
6137.4
3420.9
00.0
00.0
Spain(total)65931
2012520125
30.530.5
431621.4
461822.9
NAPNAP
300.05
Spain(StateAdm.)
5639115939
1593928.3
28.33507
22.03938
24.70
0.00
0.0Spain(Catalonia)
95404186
418643.9
43.9809
19.3680
16.20
0.00
0.0Sw
eden5861
12721324
21.722.6
NANA
45635.8
NANA
520.9
Switzerland
69235055
505573.0
73.01525
30.2NA
NA12
0.20
0.0theFYRO
Macedonia
3116119
1193.8
3.833
27.729
24.40
0.00
0.0Turkey
[151454][2598]
[2643][1.7]
[1.7][1210]
[46.6][337]
[13.0][44]
[1.7][45]
[0.0]Ukraine
922901865
NA2.0
NA581
31.229
1.60
0.0NA
NAUK:Engl.&
Wales
8550910834
1151012.7
13.51763
16.34252
39.267
0.6676
0.8UK:North.Ireland
1860124
1246.7
6.767
54.075
60.50
0.00
0.0UK:Scotland
7879288
2883.7
3.7NA
NA159
55.22
0.70
0.0Average
21.7
22.4
35.7
34.6
0.4
0.9Median
13.3
14.9
34.0
30.8
0.0
0.0Minim
um
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0Maxim
um
96.4
96.4
85.4
100.0
3.7
30.3
72 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE4.A:ASYLUMSEEKERSANDILLEGALALIENSHELDFORADMINISTRATIVEREASONSAMONGFOREIGNINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.4.a
Country
Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Totalnumberofforeigninmates(incl.pre-trial
detainees)
Adjustednumberofforeigners(incl.
unknown)
Asylumseekersorillegalaliens
heldforadministrative
reasons(Table1.1)
Asylumseekersorillegal
aliensheldincentresespeciallydesignforthistypeofdetention
%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor
administrativereasonsinthetotalnumberof
inmates
%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor
administrativereasonsinthenumberof
foreigninmates
Belgium 13212 5360 5384 0 0 0.0 0.0Ireland 3829 509 509 4 0 0.1 0.8Switzerland 6923 5055 5055 328 NA 4.7 6.5UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 10834 11510 NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 1860 124 124 1 0 0.1 0.8Average 0.8 1.6
Median 0.1 0.8
Minimum 0.0 0.0
Maximum 4.7 6.5
NOTES–TABLES4AND4.A
Generalremark:ThequestionnaireSPACEI2014includedanitemonthenumberofforeigninmatesandasubsidiaryquestiononthenumberofthoseinmateswhowerecitizensoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).
Figuresonforeigninmatesweresometimesadjustedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesforwhomthenationalitywasunrecordedorunknown.Unlessotherwisestated,forcomparativeneedsweassumedthatallinmateswithunknownnationalitywerenon-nationals.
Table 4.A: There are five countries that, as a rule, include asylum seekers or illegal aliens held foradministrative reasons in the total number of foreign inmates: Belgium, Ireland, Switzerland, UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:NorthernIreland.Forallthesecountrieswecalculatedthepercentageofasylumseekersand illegalaliensheld foradministrativereasons in thetotalnumberof foreign inmatesandthepercentageoftheseinmatesinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.TherawdataarepresentedandexplainedinTable1.1.
Theasylumseekersrepresentinmedian0.8%oftheforeign inmates.Moreover,inthesesamecountriesthepartofasylumseekersamongthetotalprisonpopulationisinmedian0.1%.
BELGIUMü Table 4: Stateless inmates and those with unknown nationality and are not included as
foreigners.BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Dataincludepersonssentencedforminoroffenses.
CYPRUSü FigurespresentedinTable3.2arebasedonatotalof539inmatesheldinthePrisoninstitution
(for142personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.DENMARK
ü Inmateswithunknownnationality:47personswithunknownandnotspecifiednationalities,ofwhich25arestateless.
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ESTONIAü Thereare897inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas
being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.
FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü The breakdown of female inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates
whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).
GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Inmateswithunknown/unrecordednationalityareincludedamongforeigninmates,insofarno
specialdataavailable.LATVIA
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.LIECHTENSTEIN
ü AmongforeignprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion,onepersonisheldforextradition.
LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS
ü ForeigninmatesincludedinTable4arepartofthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinadultpenalinstitutionsandthosewhoareunderElectronicMonitoring.Areexcludedfromthebreakdownjuvenileoffenders,personsheldincustodialclinicsandillegalaliens.
ü Excluded from the total, the figure of illegal aliens held for administrative reasons is stillavailable:425persons.
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles held in correctional facilities and pre-trial inmates are not included in are not
includedinTable4.SWEDEN
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014;ü Table4:Figuresareonlyforsentencedprisoners.Dataonpre-traildetaineesarenotavailable.
SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
TURKEYWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
ü Becauseofdualnationality,someinmatesarecountedbothasnationalandforeigninmates.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü StatelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable4.ü ThemaininformationforTable4istakenfromTableA1.7andA1.9ofOffenderManagement
StatisticsQuarterly(October-December2014)Annualtables.
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ü NumberofprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:FigureistakenfromTable1.6 of Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January to March 2014) - adding up thefigures for the relevant states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, andSweden).
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü NationalprisonersincludeUKandIrishcitizens.
UK:SCOTLANDü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentenced.
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TABLE5:LEGALSTATUSOFPRISONPOPULATIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERS)
a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionhasbeenreachedyet);b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet;c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso;d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhostartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance;e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence),ofwhich:
(e).1:Personsdetainedforfineconversionreasons(finedefaulters);(e).2:Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;
f) Othercases;g) Totalnumberofprisoners(includingpre-trialdetainees).
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.5
Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Ofwhich
(f) (g)(e).1 (e).2
Albania 1769 358 222 472 2619 1 42 0 5440Andorra 42 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 53Armenia 1104 NAP 2875 3 1 NA 3979Austria 1902 NAP NA NAP 6035 NA NA 920 8857Azerbaijan 3877 NAP NA NAP 18702 NA NA 0 22579Belgium 2705 NAP 609 NAP 8640 0 NA 1258 13212BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 38 74 2 0 826 8 0 0 940Bulgaria 669 NA NA NA 7201 NA NA 0 7870Croatia NA NAP NA NA NA NA NA NA 3763Cyprus 101 NAP NAP NAP 438 14 18 NAP 539CzechRep. 2185 0 0 NAP 16473 NAP NAP NAP 18658Denmark 1066 325 0 NAP 2192 0 NA 0 3583Estonia 605 NAP NA NAP 2357 NA NA 0 2962Finland NA NA NA NA 2457 58 NA NAP 3097France 13112 NA 3978 NA 60649 NA NA NA 77739Georgia 1637 NAP NA NAP 8596 NA 23 NA 10233Germany 11260 NAP NA NAP 52950 4460 NA 1500 65710Greece 2604 NAP NA NA 9402 18 NA 0 12006Hungary 4593 NAP 948 NAP 13221 0 0 456 18270Iceland 8 NAP 1 0 145 3 10 0 154Ireland 575 NA NA NA 3246 9 NA 8 3829Italy 9283 NAP 7917 NAP 35938 NAP NAP 1114 54252Latvia 393 275 371 166 3432 1 NA 172 4809Liechtenstein 0 3 0 0 4 3 1 1 8Lithuania 942 88 293 NA 7654 NA NA NAP 8977Luxembourg 243 NAP 40 NAP 367 1 31 6 656Malta [169] [0] [NA] [0] [382] [8] [12] [0] [571]Moldova 203 510 452 289 5712 0 42 0 7166Monaco 12 0 0 7 9 0 0 0 28Montenegro 314 NA NA 3 741 NA NA NA 1058Netherlands 2982 NA 1233 NAP 5467 428 NA 175 9857Norway 994 0 NA 15 2709 88 NA 0 3718Poland 5855 0 0 383 71133 1008 NA 0 77371Portugal 1600 NAP 730 NAP 11398 0 0 275 14003Romania 1845 743 0 0 29049 NAP NAP NAP 31637RussianFed. 58316 NAP 20116 NAP 511944 NA NA NA 671027SanMarino 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4Serbia 1593 0 0 7737 0 NA NA 958 10288SlovakRep. 1363 NA NA NAP 8816 NAP 0 0 10179Slovenia 55 132 45 39 1218 6 1 33 1522Spain(total) 8636 NA NA NAP 57295 0 0 0 65931Spain(StateAdm.) 7245 0 0 0 49146 NA NA 0 56391Spain(Catalonia) 1391 NAP NA *** 8149 127 39 0 9540Sweden 1542 NA NA NA 4319 NA NA NA 5861Switzerland 1892 NA NA 834 3749 325 120 448 6923theFYROMacedonia 228 131 6 67 2684 68 0 0 3116Turkey NA 10862 NA NA 119507 NA NA 0 151451Ukraine 6684 1966 4676 NA 73943 NA NA 5021 92290UK:Engl.&Wales 8618 3579 NAP NAP 71481 120 5260 1831 85509UK:North.Ireland 488 NA 65 NA 1307 0 170 0 1860UK:Scotland 1361 258 NA NAP 6253 NA NA 7 7879
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NOTES–TABLE5
AUSTRIAü Point (f): 920 inmates, of which 833 inmates are under forensic psychiatric treatment and
securitymeasures.The107 inmates left aredifferentkindsof imprisonment supportingotheradministrativeauthorities,provisionalarrestforforeigngovernmentsetc.
CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist(=notapplicable,NAP).
CYPRUSü Figuresdonotincludethe142detaineesheldinpolicestations.
CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(e):40inmatesheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacilityareincludedunderthisheading.
ESTONIAü Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist(=notapplicable,NAP).
FRANCE
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü InthisTablethebreakdownismadeonthebasisofthewholepopulationmanagedbythePrison
Administration(“écroués”),whichis77739persons.Thereisnospecific informationavailableforpersonsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringoutsidepenalinstitutionsandthoseinexternalplacementnon-hostedbyPrisonAdministration.
ü Point (c): In this point are included persons under summary trail procedures (comparutionimmédiate)orthosewhohaveappealed.
GEORGIA
ü Datarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY
ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (e): Figures were taken from the publication for the year 2014 of the Statistisches
Bundesamt - "Rechtspflege - Bestand der Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den
Justizvollzugsanstalten nach ihrer Unterbringung auf Haftplätzen des geschlossenen und offenen
VollzugesjeweilszudenStichtagen31.März,31.Augustund30.NovembereinesJahres".HUNGARY
ü Point (c): This category of inmates (948) is included among persons who are serving finalsentences(underPoint(e)).
ICELAND
ü Point(d):Whenaprisonerreceivesafinalsentence,thedayshespentinremandunderservingasentenceinadvancearesubtractedfromthefinalsentence.
IRELANDü Underthissectionthereare4immigrationcasesand4extraditionscases.ü JuvenilesfacingcriminalchargesbeforethecourtsaredetainedintheChildrenDetentionSchool
System-boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18.Theonlydatacollectediswhetherthey have been remanded in custody or if they have been given a final sentence to serve,accordingtothetermsofChildrenAct(2001).
ITALYü Point (f): Internees (Internati) and temporary internees that are persons held in specialised
penal establishments for the execution of security detention measures, including judicialpsychiatrichospitals.
LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
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LIECHTENSTEIN
ü Point(e.2):Onefinedefaulter.ü Point(f):1personheldinextraditionprocedure.
LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(b):FollowingtheprovisionsoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,sentencedprisonersafter
having submitted their written consent are able to start serving their term of imprisonmentbeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal.
MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MONACO
ü Point (e) The only detention facility in the Principality of Monaco is a remand centre. Onlynationalsareintendedtoservetheirentiresentence.Alienswhoreceivedtheirfinalsentencetooversixmonthsof imprisonmentareusually transferredtotheprisonofNice.Thesetransfersare regulated by an agreement between Monaco and France (Article 14 of the Treaty ofCooperation“Conventiondevoisinage”from1963).
THENETHERLANDSü Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total
number of prisoners does not refer to persons held in institutions for juvenile offenders,custodialclinicsandinstitutionsforillegalaliens.
ü Point (c): In this category are included persons appealing their sentence. The ones who aresentencedbutwhohavenotappealedyet,butstillarewithinthestatutorylimittodoso,arepartofthepoint(a).Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.
NORWAYü Points (a)and(c):Anunknownnumberofpersonshavebeensentenced(orfoundnotguilty)
but the sentence is not legally binding as an appeal has been lodged. These persons remaincategorisedas“remandedincustody”.
ü Point(b):Sentenceisgivenatsametimeasjudgmentofguilt.ü Point(e).2:Inmajorityofcases,thebreachofconditionsisassociatedwithanewconvictionfor
anewoffence.Therefore,itisthenewoffencethatwillberegistered.Consequently,thefigureonthepersonsdetainedbecauseoftherevocationstrictosensuisnotavailable.
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded275detaineeswhoareunder“securitymeasures”(mentally
ill offenders considerednon-criminally liableby the court), ofwhich136areplaced in specialpsychiatricinstitutionsorinpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon-penitentiaryhospitals.ThesecategoriesofinmatesareincludedinPoint(e).
SERBIAü Point (a): Here are also included Detainees found guilty but who have not yet received a
sentence yet (point (b)) and sentenced prisoners who have appealed or who are within thestatutorylimitfordoingso(point(c));
ü Points (d) and (e): Here are as well included prisoners who have started serving prisonsentenceinadvance.Thesetwocategoriesareassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.
ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded807inmates,ofwhich:ü Personswhowereorderedameasureofmedicaltreatment:387;ü Juvenilesremandedtocorrectionalfacility:228;ü Juvenilessentencedtopenal-correctionalfacility:14;andü Punishedforminoroffences:329.
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SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedinTable5aretotalsforbothStateAdministrationandCatalonia.Theseinputs
werenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDEN
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND
ü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(e.2):Referstorecalls.ü Point(f):Othernon-criminalprisoners.ü AllitemsusedforTable5aretakenfromTable1.1ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly
(October-December2014)Annualtables.
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TABLE5.1:DETAINEESNOTSERVINGAFINALSENTENCEON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGESANDRATES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.5.1
Country Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(1)
Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(2)
Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000
inhabitants(1)
Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000
inhabitants(2)
Percentageofuntried
detainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)
Rateofuntrieddetaineesper100,000
inhabitants
(a.1) (a.2) (b.1) (b.2) (c) (d)
Albania 51.9 51.9 97.4 97.4 32.5 61.1Andorra 79.2 79.2 54.6 54.6 79.2 54.6Armenia (27.7) (27.7) (36.6) (36.6) (27.7) (36.6)Austria 31.9 21.5 33.2 22.4 21.5 22.4Azerbaijan 17.2 17.2 40.9 40.9 17.2 40.9Belgium 34.6 25.1 40.8 29.6 20.5 24.1BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 12.1 12.1 8.0 8.0 4.0 2.7Bulgaria 8.5 8.5 9.2 9.2 8.5 9.2Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 14.8 14.8 11.8 11.8 14.8 11.8CzechRep. 11.7 11.7 20.8 20.8 11.7 20.8Denmark 38.8 38.8 24.7 24.7 29.8 18.9Estonia 20.4 20.4 46.0 46.0 20.4 46.0Finland NA NA NA NA NA NAFrance 22.0 22.0 26.0 26.0 16.9 19.9Georgia 16.0 16.0 36.5 36.5 16.0 36.5Germany 19.4 17.1 15.8 13.9 17.1 13.9Greece 21.7 21.7 23.9 23.9 21.7 23.9Hungary 27.6 25.1 51.1 46.5 25.1 46.5Iceland 5.8 5.8 2.8 2.8 5.2 2.5Ireland 15.2 15.0 12.7 12.5 15.0 12.5Italy 33.8 31.7 30.1 28.3 17.1 15.3Latvia 28.6 25.1 68.8 60.2 8.2 19.6Liechtenstein 50.0 37.5 10.8 8.1 0.0 0.0Lithuania 14.7 14.7 44.9 44.9 10.5 32.0Luxembourg 38.0 37.0 45.3 44.2 37.0 44.2Malta [29.6] [29.6] [39.7] [39.7] [29.6] [39.7]Moldova 20.3 20.3 40.8 40.8 2.8 5.7Monaco 67.9 67.9 50.3 50.3 42.9 31.7Montenegro 30.0 30.0 51.0 51.0 29.7 50.5Netherlands 44.5 42.8 26.1 25.0 30.3 17.7Norway 27.1 27.1 19.8 19.8 26.7 19.5Poland 8.1 8.1 16.4 16.4 7.6 15.4Portugal 18.6 16.6 25.0 22.3 11.4 15.3Romania 8.2 8.2 13.0 13.0 5.8 9.2RussianFed. 11.7 11.7 54.6 54.6 8.7 40.6SanMarino 75.0 75.0 9.2 9.2 75.0 9.2Serbia 24.8 15.5 35.7 22.3 15.5 22.3SlovakRep. 13.4 13.4 25.2 25.2 13.4 25.2Slovenia 20.0 17.8 14.7 13.1 3.6 2.7Spain(total) 13.1 13.1 18.6 18.6 13.1 18.6Spain(StateAdm.) 12.8 12.8 18.5 18.5 12.8 18.5Spain(Catalonia) 14.6 14.6 18.8 18.8 14.6 18.8Sweden 26.3 26.3 16.0 16.0 26.3 16.0Switzerland 45.8 39.4 39.0 33.5 27.3 23.2theFYROMacedonia 13.9 13.9 20.9 20.9 7.3 11.0Turkey 7.2 7.2 14.2 14.2 NA NAUkraine 19.9 14.4 40.5 29.5 7.2 14.8UK:Engl.&Wales 16.4 14.3 24.6 21.3 10.1 15.1UK:North.Ireland 29.7 29.7 30.1 30.1 26.2 26.6UK:Scotland 20.6 20.5 30.5 30.3 17.3 25.5Mean 26.0 24.5 30.6 28.9 19.8 23.2Median 20.4 20.4 26.0 24.9 16.4 19.6Minimum 5.8 5.8 2.8 2.8 0.0 0.0Maximum 79.2 79.2 97.4 97.4 79.2 61.1
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NOTES–TABLE5.1
Table5.1includestwotypesofcalculationforthecategoryof“detaineesnotservingafinalsentence”:
ü inthefirstcase[(a.1)and(b.1)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isincluded,
ü inthesecondcase[(a.2)and(b.2)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isexcluded
Thesecondtypeofcalculationhasbeenintroducedonthebasisofadditionalinformationprovidedbythenational correspondents,whichcanbe found in thenotes toTable5. Indeed, it seems thata significantpartofthepersonsincludedundertheheading“Othercases”cannotbeassimilatedtopersonswaitingforafinalsentencetobeimposed(i.e.thiscategoryincludespersonsheldforsecurityreasons,personsheldforcivilreasons,etc.).Nevertheless,inordertoensurethecomparabilityofthedatawithpreviousyears’reports,wehavealsokeptthefirsttypeofcalculation(a.1andb.1).
IMPORTANTMETHODOLOGICALNOTES
ü InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading(c)“Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithin the statutory limit for doing so” and no further informationwas provided, it is assumed thatprisoners in that situation are included among thoseunderheading (e) "SENTENCEDPRISONERS (FINALSENTENCE)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheadings“Percentageofprisonersnotservingafinalsentence”(a.1anda.2,Table5.1)andthoseunderheadings“Rateofprisonersnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000inhabitants”(b.1andb.2,Table5.1)arepresentedbetweenbracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.
ü InTable5,whennodatawere availableunderheading (b) “Detainees foundguiltybutwhohavenot yetreceivedasentenceyet”andno further informationwasprovided, itcannotbeexcludedthatprisoners inthat situation are included among those under heading (a) "UNTRIEDDETAINEES (NOCOURTDECISIONYET REACHED)". In that case, the results under heading (c) “Percentage of untried detainees (no courtdecision reached yet)” and those under heading (d) “Rate of untried detainees (no court decision yetreached)per100,000inhabitants”ofTable5.1arepresentedbetweensquarebracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.
ü Squarebracketswereusedfor“merged”categories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)or(a),(b)and(c)ofTable5).
ARMENIAü Bracketswereusedfor“merged”categories
HUNGARYü GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder
appealprocedure(948)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1).
LUXEMBOURGü GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder
appealprocedure(40)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1).
MALTAü Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfigures
arepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].SERBIA
ü Inmates who have started serving prison sentence in advance (Point (d) of Table 5) wereexcluded from the calculations made for Table 5.1, because these categories of inmates areassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Figures presented as totalswere not used for the calculations ofmean andmedian European
values.
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TABLE5.2:DANGEROUSOFFENDERSUNDERSECURITYMEASURESON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.5.2
Country
Totalnumberofinmates
(includingpre-trialdetainees)
Totalnumberofpersonsunder
securitymeasures/preventive
detentionfordangerousoffenders
%ofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresinthetotalnumberof
inmates
Personsheldasnotcriminally
responsiblebythecourt
Personsheldastotallyorpartially
criminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced
(*)Arethesepersonsincluded
inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation?
Albania 5440 145 (2.7) 111 34 NoAndorra 53 0 0.0 0 11 YesArmenia 3979 NAP *** NAP *** ***Austria 8857 813 9.2 386 427 YesAzerbaijan 22579 NAP *** NAP *** ***Belgium 13212 94 0.7 NAP 94 YesBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 NAP *** NAP *** ***Bulgaria 7870 NA *** NA *** ***Croatia 3763 NA 2.2 NA 82 YesCyprus 912 0 0.0 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 18658 40 0.2 10 30 YesDenmark 3583 44 1.2 NAP *** YesEstonia 2962 NA *** NA *** NoFinland 3097 NAP *** *** *** ***France 77739 NA *** NA *** NoGeorgia 10233 4579 44.7 NAP *** ***Germany 65710 498 0.8 NAP 498 YesGreece 12006 NA *** NA *** YesHungary 18270 155 0.8 155 *** YesIceland 154 0 0.0 0 *** ***Ireland 3829 933 24.4 NA *** YesItaly 54252 1114 2.1 NA *** YesLatvia 4809 NAP *** NAP *** ***Liechtenstein 8 0 0.0 0 0 YesLithuania 8977 NAP *** NAP *** ***Luxembourg 656 NAP *** NAP *** ***Malta NAP *** NAP *** ***Moldova 7166 0 0.0 0 0 YesMonaco 28 0 0.0 0 0 YesMontenegro 1058 0 0.0 0 0 YesNetherlands 9857 122 (1.2) 122 *** NoNorway 3718 89 2.4 NAP 89 YesPoland 77371 162 0.2 40 122 YesPortugal 14003 NAP *** NAP *** ***Romania 31637 NAP *** NAP *** ***RussianFed. 671027 NA *** NA *** ***SanMarino 4 0 0.0 0 0 YesSerbia 10288 NA *** NA *** ***SlovakRep. 10179 NAP *** NAP *** NoSlovenia 1522 NA *** NA *** NoSpain(total) 65931 639 1.0 NA *** YesSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 576 1.0 0 0 YesSpain(Catalonia) 9540 63 0.7 NA *** YesSweden 5861 NA *** NA *** NoSwitzerland 6923 144 2.1 NA *** YestheFYROMacedonia 3116 NAP *** NAP *** ***Turkey 151451 NAP *** NAP *** ***Ukraine 92290 NAP *** NAP *** ***UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 NAP *** NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1860 NA *** NA *** YesUK:Scotland 7879 NA *** NA *** ***Average 3.6 Median 0.8 Minimum 0.0 Maximum 44.7
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NOTES–TABLE5.2
ALBANIAü Personsunder securitymeasures areheld in special sectionswithinprisons. Yet, they arenot
includedthetotalprisonpopulation,becausethedataprovidedbythepenalinstitutionsforthiscategoryofinmateswereincomplete.Thereisnodivisionofthiscategorybyage,typeofcrime,judicialstatus,etc.
ü If partial datawould however been included in the total prison population, the percentage ofdangerousoffenderswouldcorrespondto2.60%.
AUSTRIAü 813personsunderforensic-psychiatrictreatmentandsecuritymeasures.
BELGIUMü Persons included in the Table 5.2 are inmates of whom sentences were coupled with
requirement of placement at the disposal of the Court of the enforcement of sentenced(previously, at the disposal of the Government) at the end of the sentence. According to thisprovisionthesepersonsshouldremainincustody.
ü Non-criminallyliableoffenderssentencedtomeasuresofindefiniteincarceration(internement)arenotundersecuritymeasuresstrictosensuand,therefore,arenotincludedinTable5.2.
CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü PersonsincludedinTable5.2arepersonsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.
GERMANY
ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsibleby thecourtarenotincluded in the totalnumberof
prisonpopulationfromTable1;theyareaccommodatedinforensicpsychiatrichospitals.ü Persons held as totally or partially criminally responsible by the court and who have been
sentencedareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationfromTable1.ICELAND
ü IcelandicPenalCodeNo19/1940ChapterVII:OnSecurityMeasures,DeprivationofCivilRightsandConfiscationofAssetsArt.62. Ifaperson isacquittedunder theprovisionsofArt.15oraCourtfinds,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArt.16,thatapenaltywouldnotreapresult,ajudgemayimposemeasuresinordertopreventdangerensuingfromtheoffender.If itmaybeassumedthatmoremoderatemeasures,suchasbail,prohibitionagainststayinparticularplaces,or deprivation of legal rights will not be successful, it may be ordered that the person becommittedtoasuitableinstitution.
ü PersonswhicharenotcriminallyresponsibleareheldatpsychiatrichospitalwhichismanagedbytheMinistryofWelfare(previously:MinistryofHealth).
IRELAND
ü Persons included inTable5.2 arenormal prisonersheld inprotection for their safety andnotpersonssolelydetainedforpreventivereasons.
ü ThisdoesnotapplyintheJuvenileOffendersJusticeSystem.ü According to the rigorousdefinitionprovided, theauthorsof this report calculated the central
tendency’indicators(onceincluding,andonceexcludingtheIrishinputs).ITALY
ü InTable5.2areincludedinternees(Internati)andtemporaryinternees.Thesearepersonsheldinspecialisedpenalestablishmentsfortheexecutionofsecuritydetentionmeasures,includingjudicialpsychiatrichospitals.
LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 83
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LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
MALTA
ü Nofigureswereprovidedaboutdangerousoffenders.THENETHERLANDS
ü In Table 5.2 are included 122 persons under security measures/preventive detention. Thiscategoryconsistsofpeoplethatarenotheldcriminallyresponsiblefortheircrimesandtheyareplaced in psychiatric clinics (outside the responsibility of prison service) by a judge for thedurationofoneyear.Theyarenotincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Nevertheless,ifallthesecategorieswereincluded,thepartofdangerousoffenderswouldbe1.2%.
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)ü There are no custodial security measures which can be served in special establishments and
imposedtotheconvictsafterservingthesentenceonthebasisofadangerousnessassessmentbythe Court. Only security measures assimilated to alternatives to imprisonment are applicable.Thesemeasures are imposed topeoplewhoaredeclared criminallynot responsibleorpartiallyresponsible.Thenumberof suchpersonswas576.ThePenitentiaryAdministration is in chargeonly of the execution of custodial security measures. Non-custodial security measures are notunderitscompetences.
SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figureson“interned”offendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definite imprisonment:art.64ofthe
CriminalCode.UK:SCOTLAND
ü There isno formal conceptofpreventivedetention fordangerousoffenders, apart fromremand(pre-trialdetentionforthoseaccusedofcommittingacrime)forthepurposesofpublicprotection,ordetentionundermentalhealthlegislation(whichmayormaynotbeasresultofacriminalact).
84 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE6:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERS)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.6
Country
Homicide(in
cl.
attempts)
Assaulta
ndbattery
Rape
Otherty
peso
fsexua
loffences
Robb
ery
Otherty
peso
fthe
ft
Econ
omicand
fin
ancialoffe
nces
Drug
offe
nces
Terrorism
Organ
ised
crim
e
Cybe
rcrim
e
Othercases
Num
bero
fsen
tenced
prison
ers(fin
al
senten
ce)
Albania 1033 79 67 56 334 283 41 516 3 30 1 176 2619Andorra 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 11Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2875Austria 335 NA 130 156 948 1894 NA 998 NA NA NA NA 6035Azerbaijan 2431 915 227 NA 1043 3296 155 5395 NA NA NA 5240 18702Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8640BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 172 29 33 13 236 56 23 88 0 27 0 149 826Bulgaria 897 224 282 222 1339 3222 377 440 0 84 0 141 7201Croatia 390 73 97 109 367 611 200 470 0 NA 3 543 NACyprus 54 16 35 19 41 78 14 111 0 0 0 70 438CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16473Denmark 193 364 72 74 253 286 77 549 NA NA NA 324 2192Estonia 488 163 92 13 394 343 15 592 0 16 12 229 2357Finland 596 423 107 174 257 177 474 0 0 0 249 2457France 3531 16923 7255 11542 0 NA 8641 NA NA NA 12757 60649Georgia 1167 568 143 49 506 2500 1556 3225 13 1002 14 1407 8596Germany 4'043 6996 1705 0 7090 11769 6271 7144 NA NA NA 7932 52950Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3101 NA NA NA NA 9402Hungary 1241 1154 297 287 2758 3300 NA 334 1 NA NA 3849 13221Iceland 17 19 10 7 6 11 3 44 0 0 0 28 145Ireland 441 419 170 191 116 594 42 530 25 2 0 716 3246Italy 6513 89 1945 658 5542 1672 228 12455 56 362 NA 6418 35938Latvia 564 298 125 105 978 793 53 418 0 7 24 67 3432Liechtenstein 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 4Lithuania 1912 452 461 NA 1115 1'457 66 953 0 NA 1592 1912 7654Luxembourg 61 45 29 6 35 66 8 84 0 0 0 33 367Malta [47] [22] [13] [14] [107] [7] [11] [172] [0] [1] [0] [32] 382Moldova 1428 617 517 288 483 583 17 237 0 0 0 1542 5712Monaco 0 0 1 1 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 9Montenegro 79 88 10 5 8 109 11 219 0 28 0 184 741Netherlands 771 172 195 788 681 156 796 NA 21 NA 1'887 771 5467Norway 168 390 217 211 155 281 141 644 0 0 0 429 2709Poland 4972 NA 1694 849 10320 17542 116 2207 NA 405 0 33 71133Portugal 1009 350 203 275 1492 1496 NAP 2217 0 NAP NAP 4631 11398Romania 6109 288 1764 118 4997 7950 302 1298 25 1162 55 4981 29049RussianFed. 138635 68604 11701 NA 35371 NA 982 115921 213 2034 NA 138483 511944SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Serbia 750 82 226 109 1137 1885 18 1619 0 75 0 1836 7737SlovakRep. 583 410 142 208 1'275 1643 505 984 0 9 0 3057 8816Slovenia 116 45 29 86 253 171 83 152 1 82 1 199 1218Spain(total) 4265 3158 2115 1091 18652 1243 1789 13696 206 23 1 11056 57295Spain(St.Adm.) 3500 2449 1624 1054 15463 826 1707 12188 206 NA NA 10129 49146Spain(Catalonia) 765 709 491 37 3'189 417 82 1508 0 23 1 927 8149Sweden 550 461 206 201 443 353 194 818 NA NA NA 1'093 4319Switzerland 434 167 159 218 325 850 3 845 NAP 6 NAP 742 3749theFYROMacedonia 248 72 42 118 388 741 89 417 9 142 2 416 2684Turkey 24362 16427 4293 10090 16011 27868 3526 19600 4463 1175 811 0 119507Ukraine 7264 10685 2'050 NAP 12009 23266 NAP 10360 NAP NAP NAP 8309 73943UK:Engl.&Wales 7534 12062 5724 5468 8507 11518 1352 10306 NAP NAP NAP 9010 71481UK:North.Ireland 187 239 70 73 143 143 NA 69 NA NA NA 383 1307UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6253
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 85
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TABLE6.1:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.6.1
Country
Hom
icide
(incl.
attempts)
Assaultand
battery
Rape
Othertypes
ofsexual
offences
Robbery
Othertypes
oftheft
Econom
ic
andfinancial
offences
Drug
offences
Terrorism
Organised
crime
Cybercrime
Othercases
Albania 39.4 3.0 2.6 2.1 12.8 10.8 1.6 19.7 0.1 1.1 0.0 6.7Andorra 18.2 0.0 0.0 18.2 18.2 0.0 0.0 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 5.6 NA 2.2 2.6 15.7 31.4 NA 16.5 NA NA NA NAAzerbaijan 13.0 4.9 1.2 NA 5.6 17.6 0.8 28.8 NA NA NA 28.0Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 20.8 3.5 4.0 1.6 28.6 6.8 2.8 10.7 0.0 3.3 0.0 18.0Bulgaria 12.5 3.1 3.9 3.1 18.6 44.7 5.2 6.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 2.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 12.3 3.7 8.0 4.3 9.4 17.8 3.2 25.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 8.8 16.6 3.3 3.4 11.5 13.0 3.5 25.0 NA NA NA 14.8Estonia 20.7 6.9 3.9 0.6 16.7 14.6 0.6 25.1 0.0 0.7 0.5 9.7Finland 24.3 17.2 4.4 7.1 10.5 7.2 19.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1France 5.8 27.9 12.0 19.0 NA 14.2 NA NA NA 21.0Georgia 13.6 6.6 1.7 0.6 5.9 29.1 18.1 37.5 0.2 11.7 0.2 16.4Germany 7.6 13.2 3.2 0.0 13.4 22.2 11.8 13.5 NA NA NA 15.0Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.0 NA NA NA NAHungary 9.4 8.7 2.2 2.2 20.9 25.0 NA 2.5 0.0 NA NA 29.1Iceland 11.7 13.1 6.9 4.8 4.1 7.6 2.1 30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.3Ireland 13.6 12.9 5.2 5.9 3.6 18.3 1.3 16.3 0.8 0.1 0.0 22.1Italy 18.1 0.2 5.4 1.8 15.4 4.7 0.6 34.7 0.2 1.0 NA 17.9Latvia 16.4 8.7 3.6 3.1 28.5 23.1 1.5 12.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 2.0Liechtenstein 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0Lithuania 23.8 5.6 5.7 NA NA 13.9 18.1 0.8 11.9 0.0 NA 19.8Luxembourg 16.6 12.3 7.9 1.6 9.5 18.0 2.2 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0Malta [12.3] [5.8] [3.4] [3.7] [28.0] [1.8] [2.9] [45.0] [0.0] [0.3] [0.0] [8.4]Moldova 25.0 10.8 9.1 5.0 8.5 10.2 0.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.0Monaco 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.1 0.0 55.6 11.1 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Montenegro 10.7 11.9 1.3 0.7 1.1 14.7 1.5 29.6 0.0 3.8 0.0 24.8Netherlands 14.1 3.1 3.6 0.0 14.4 12.5 2.9 14.6 NA 0.4 NA 34.5Norway 6.2 14.4 8.0 7.8 5.7 10.4 5.2 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8Poland 7.0 NA 2.4 1.2 14.5 24.7 0.2 3.1 NA 0.6 0.0 0.0Portugal 8.9 3.1 1.8 2.4 13.1 13.1 NA 19.5 0.0 NA NA 40.6Romania 21.0 1.0 6.1 0.4 17.2 27.4 1.0 4.5 0.1 4.0 0.2 17.1RussianFed. 27.1 13.4 2.3 NA 6.9 NA 0.2 22.6 0.0 0.4 NA 27.1SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 9.7 1.1 2.9 1.4 14.7 24.4 0.2 20.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 23.7SlovakRep. 6.6 4.7 1.6 2.4 14.5 18.6 5.7 11.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 34.7Slovenia 9.5 3.7 2.4 7.1 20.8 14.0 6.8 12.5 0.1 6.7 0.1 16.3Spain(total) 7.4 5.5 3.7 1.9 32.6 2.2 3.1 23.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 19.3Spain(StateAdm.) 7.1 5.0 3.3 2.1 31.5 1.7 3.5 24.8 0.4 NA NA 20.6Spain(Catalonia) 9.4 8.7 6.0 0.5 39.1 5.1 1.0 18.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 11.4Sweden 12.7 10.7 4.8 4.7 10.3 8.2 4.5 18.9 NA NA NA 25.3Switzerland 11.6 4.5 4.2 5.8 8.7 22.7 0.1 22.5 NA 0.2 NA 19.8theFYROMacedonia
9.2 2.7 1.6 4.4 14.5 27.6 3.3 15.5 0.3 5.3 0.1 15.5
Turkey 20.4 20.4 13.7 3.6 8.4 13.4 23.3 3.0 3.7 1.0 0.7 0.0Ukraine 9.8 14.5 2.8 NAP 16.2 31.5 NAP 14.0 NAP NAP NAP 11.2UK:Engl.&Wales 10.5 16.9 8.0 7.6 11.9 16.1 1.9 14.4 NA NA NA 12.6UK:North.Ireland 14.3 18.3 5.4 5.6 10.9 10.9 NA 5.3 NA NA NA 29.3UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 13.6 8.8 4.4 3.5 13.4 16.1 7.4 17.6 0.6 1.3 0.1 16.9Median 12.3 6.8 3.6 2.5 13.1 14.0 2.8 16.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 16.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 39.4 27.9 13.7 18.2 39.1 55.6 100.0 45.0 11.9 11.7 0.7 40.6
86 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NOTES–TABLES6AND6.1
ARMENIAü National breakdown does not fit the categories included in the SPACE I questionnaire used for
Table6.Figuresareavailableforthefollowingcategoriesofoffences:o crimesagainstlifeandhealth:719;o crimesagainstfreedomanddignity:66;o sexualoffences:59;o crimesagainstfamilyandchildinterest:1;o crimesagainstperson'sconstitutionalfreedom:3;o crimesagainstproperty:1131;o economiccrimes:67;o crimesagainstpublicsafety:35;o crimesagainstpublicorderandmorality:57;o crimesagainstpublichealth:598;o crimesagainstenvironmentalsafety:1;o crimesagainststatesafetyandconstitutionalorder:19;o crimesagainststateservice:12;o crimesagainstgovernmentalorder:25;o crimesagainstjustice:7;o crimesagainstmilitary:75.
AUSTRIAü BecauseofthelegalclassificationintheAustriaCriminallawandthemodeofregistrationtothe
electronic administration program, it is not possible to classify all types of offences listed inTable 6. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.
BELGIUMWarning: The types of offences are not any longer registered for the offenders that committed newcrimes while in conditional release. At the moment of revocation of the conditional release, it isimpossible to provide the accurate type of offence on which the new charges are based. Given thismethodologicallimitation,itisimpossibleaccuratelycategorisealltypesofoffences.
ü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Moreover,thecustodymightbeappliedformanysentencesorotherlegalreasons,soseveralcustodialorderscanbecumulated.
BULGARIAü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotal
numberofsentencedprisoners.ü Other offences includes extortion and actions that pose danger to society (arson, damage to
infrastructureandcommunication).CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Amongsentencedprisonersarealsoincludedthosewhohavestartedservingprisonsentencein
advance. Therefore, thepercentagespresented inTable6.1 are calculatedon thebasis of theadjustedtotalincludingthoseinmates.
ü Figures includes 70 juveniles with educational measures in correctional institutions and 18juvenilesdetainedinjuvenileprison.
CZECHREPUBLICü Themainoffence rule is not defined. The distribution bymain offence rule is not available at
PrisonAdministrationbutmaybefoundattheMinistryofJustice.FINLAND
ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.
ü Thetypeofmainoffenceforfinedefaulters(58persons)isnotavailable.Therefore,theyarenot
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 87
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includedinTable6.ü The 58 fine-defaulters are included under the heading “Other cases” of Table 6.1, as these
personsarepartofthetotalnumberofsentencedinmates.FRANCE
ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Thebreakdownis tobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberof inmatesthathavethestatusof
“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:
areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.ü Categories ofRobberyandOther types of theft cannot be separated in these statistics: are
includedrobberyandothertypesoftheft.GEORGIA
ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY
ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:
areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.IRELAND
ü Homicide:o Offencegroup1:Murder,ManslaughterandDangerousDrivingcausingDeathOffences,
ando Offencegroup3:Attempts/ThreatstoMurder,AssaultsandRelatedOffences(Attempted
Murder).ü EconomicandFinancialoffences:
o Offencegroup9-Fraud,DeceptionandRelatedOffences.ü Terrorism:
o Offencesfromgroup11-WeaponandExplosivesOffences,ando Offences from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures and
OrganisationofCrime.ü OrganisedCrime:
o Offenses from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures andOrganisationofCrime.
ü “Other cases”: This category includes charges such as criminal damage, firearms/offensiveweapons,roadtrafficoffencesandarson.
ITALY
ü Assaultandbattery:Underthisheadingareaswellincludedcrimeof"violence"and"violenceagainstapublicofficer/obstructionofapublicofficer" (violenza/resistenzaapubblicoufficiale)aswellas"physicalcoercionagainstonepersonandthreat"(violenzaprivata/minaccia).
ü In the category ofTerrorism are included all types of crimes supplied in the Criminal Codeunderthedenominationof“crimesagainstthepersonalityoftheState”.
ü Organised crime: This type of offence is often associated with other more serious offences.Therefore,figurespresentedunderthisheadingareverylikelytobeunderestimated.
LATVIAü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.
LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Assaultandbattery:includesheavybodilyinjury.ü Percentages inTable6.1arecalculatedon thebasisof theadjusted totalnumberof sentenced
inmates.Thisfigureincludesthosewhodidnotreceiveafinalsentencebutwhostartedservingtheirterminadvance.ProvisionsofthePenalProcedureCode:
o Sentenced prisoners after having submitted their written consent may start servingtheir term of imprisonment before the hearing of their case in order of appeal.
88 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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Therefore, sentenced prisoners who have submitted an appeal, as well as prisonerswhosesentenceshadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedamongprisonerswithfinalsentence.
MALTA
Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA
ü Thedataiscollectedquarterly.TheinformationusedinTables6and6.1isestablishedaccordingto the situation registered on the 1st October 2014. Therefore, the total distribution does notmatchatotalof100%.
THENETHERLANDSü Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total
number of inmates does not include juvenile offenders, persons held in custodial clinics, andillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons.
ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.
ü CategoriesofTerrorismandCybercrimecannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.
ü Othercases:Underthisheadingareincludedinmatessentencedunderotherlawsandunknowncases: inmates with unregistered type of crime (e.g. inmates convicted to pay financialcompensationstothevictimsandwhoaredetainedfornothavingdonethat,orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorder).
NORWAYü Terrorismandorganisedcrimearenotinthemselvesclassifiedascategoriesofoffencesbutas
aggravatingelementsthatmayresultinlongersentences.ü TheinformationofTable6isaboutsentencedprisonersanddetaineeswhohavenotreceiveda
finalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance.Finedefaultersareexcludedfromthesefigures.
POLANDü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Dataconcernfinalandnon-finalsentences.Moreover, themainoffencerule isnotapplied.This
distribution is the result of a change introduced in the internal tool of public statistics.Consequently, the number of enforced judgments is available, but not the number of persons.Therefore,figuresreportedsincetheSPACEI2012arehardlycomparablewithpreviousseries.
PORTUGALü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Inthebreakdownofsentencedprisonersareincludedaswell275mentally-illoffenders.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü TotalfigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.
SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)ü Othertypesofsexualoffencesareincludedabuse,harassment,exhibitionandprostitution.ü Othertypesoftheftareincluded,amongothers,theftsofthevehiclesandlarceny.ü Economic and financial offencesare included fraud,other socioeconomic crimesandcrimes
againsttreasuryandsocialsecurity.SWEDEN
ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND
ü Figuresareon3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.TURKEY
ü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotalnumberofsentencedprisoners.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 89
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UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Figuresareon30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Homicide:includesmurder,manslaughterand'otherandattemptedhomicide.ü Assaultandbattery:includesallotherviolenceagainstthepersonoffences.ü Othertypesoftheft:includesburglary,andtheftandhandlingstolengoodsoffences.ü Economicandfinancialoffences:includesfraudandforgery.ü Terrorismandorganisedcrime:figuresarenotrecorded.ü Othercases:includesmotoringoffences,otheroffencesandoffencesnotrecorded.ü All items taken fromTableA1.4ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarter (October-December
2013)AnnualTablesandincluderecalledprisoners.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND
Warning: SPACEreturnsup to2011werecompletedusing theScottishGovernment statistical systemwhichisbasedondatafromtheScottishPrisonServicePR2managementinformationsystem.Duetoon-going technicalproblemswith this statistical system, the figures for the2014SPACEreturnhavebeenextracteddirectly fromthePR2systemandwilldifferslightly fromfiguresextracted fromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailsavailable.
90CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
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PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE7:LEN
GTH
SOFSEN
TENCESIM
POSED
(FINALSEN
TENCED
PRISONERS)O
N1
STSEPTEMBER2014(N
UMBERS)
(A)–LESSTHAN
1M
ONTH
(H)–FRO
M10
YEARSTOLESSTHAN
20YEARS
(B)–FRO
M1M
ONTHTO
LESSTHAN3M
ONTHS
(I)–20
YEARSANDO
VER(C)–
FROM3M
ONTHSTO
LESSTHAN6M
ONTHS
(J)–LIFEIM
PRISONMEN
T(D)–
FROM6M
ONTHSTO
LESSTHANONEYEAR
(K)–SECU
RITYMEASU
RES(E)–
FROM1YEARTO
LESSTHAN3YEARS
(L)–PRISO
NERSSEN
TENCEDTO
DEATH(F)–
FROM3YEARSTO
LESSTHAN5YEARS
(M)–
OTHERSEN
TENCES
(G)–FRO
M5YEARSTO
LESSTHAN10
YEARS
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.7
CountryLessthan1m
onth
1month
tolessthan3months
3months
tolessthan6months
6months
tolessthanoneyear
1yeartolessthan3years
3yearstolessthan5years
5yearstolessthan10years
10yearstolessthan20years
20yearsandover
Lifeimprison-ment
Securitymeasures
Death
sentenceOther
(A)
(B)(C)
(D)(E)
(F)(G)
(H)(I)
(J)(K)
(L)(M
)Albania
011
16103
234438
1108312
242155
NoteNAP
0Andorra
00
00
52
04
00
0NAP
0Arm
enia47
290683
1343392
18102
NAPNAP
NAPAustria
11203
313657
21421081
1086409
19114
NAPNAP
NAAzerbaijan
23569290
50181772
2660
NAP0
Belgium
21
14432
14812269
2715912
601211
NAPNAP
NAPBH
:BiH(total)
BH
:BiH(st.level)
BH
:Fed.BiH
BH
:Rep.Srpska12
2241
58187
126177
17429
NAPNA
NAP0
Bulgaria2157
22181060
826731
36173
NANAP
NACroatia
26
45304
969501
488361
117NAP
NAPNAP
0Cyprus
331
2050
8159
6187
2224
0NAP
0CzechRep.
115823
29196463
24762398
1083108
4840
NAPNAP
Denm
ark23
94135
277742
293306
2304
2144
NAP23
Estonia1
1969
170569
589589
29021
40NAP
NAP0
Finland42
81130
204749
454404
1831
209NAP
NAPNAP
France10584
1160517794
69946069
52271910
466NA
NAPNA
Georgia0
773
3612139
22422946
100650
810
NAPNA
Germany
7965058
715511190
1037313210
3635637
NAP1953
498NAP
NAPGreece
55117
142468
30611873
21481017
NANAP
521Hungary
[74][218]
[410][1576]
[4807][2282]
[2690][830]
[55][297]
[155][NAP]
[0]
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics91
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum
ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
CountryLessthan1m
onth
1month
tolessthan3months
3months
tolessthan6months
6months
tolessthanoneyear
1yeartolessthan3years
3yearstolessthan5years
5yearstolessthan10years
10yearstolessthan20years
20yearsandover
Lifeimprison-ment
Securitymeasures
Death
sentenceOther
Iceland1
613
1448
1829
160
00
NAP0
Ireland8
877
261762
735774
26613
3420
NAP0
Italy60
80353
12836570
753310363
59302167
15991144
NAP0
Latvia13
1247
105661
6591285
5924
54NAP
NAPNAP
Liechtenstein0
00
02
01
10
00
NAP0
Lithuania52
143140
3201896
17942004
154721
118NAP
NAPNAP
Luxembourg
02
335
9857
7849
3212
NAPNAP
1Malta
[2][17]
[20][23]
[87][84]
[107][41]
[29][12]
[NAP][NAP]
[0]Moldova
NAPNAP
NAP61
543985
20371771
211104
00
0Monaco
01
13
11
20
00
0NAP
0Montenegro
2335
6241
356155
3215
220
00
0Netherlands
809530
426655
1254544
577415
3832
NAPNAP
187Norw
ay59
203197
473811
361327
19015
NAPNAP
NAP0
Poland567
451314001
300338360
49132581
1660342
NANAP
0Portugal
263
155420
16532271
42461729
342NAP
275NAP
517Rom
ania2
760
4956662
87577844
4124940
158NAP
NAP0
RussianFed.NA
NANA
17114103247
114170188569
793235901
1760NA
NAP0
SanMarino
00
00
10
00
00
0NAP
0Serbia
0217
558703
21451629
1487794
2040
NoteNAP
0SlovakRep.
48115
5911510
24721237
2039615
14841
0NAP
0Slovenia
616
71148
449203
198113
140
NAPNAP
0Spain(total)
22281
10873563
1072813648
158259363
2715NAP
63NAP
NASpain(StateAdm
.)153
46861
32379367
1186013323
78792420
NAP0
NAPNA
Spain(Catalonia)69
35226
3261361
17882502
1484295
NAP63
NAP0
Sweden
17227
228410
1571713
646349
14144
NAPNAP
NAPSw
itzerland90
603565
109790
603296
168NAP
38144
NAP343
theFYROMacedonia
211
110286
724559
627289
034
0NAP
42Turkey
741021
8431779
1574024392
3016025497
128556687
00
0Ukraine
NAPNAP
NAP705
1024526382
276937165
NA1753
NAPNAP
NAUK:Engl.&
Wales
2001281
29592081
1548211408
132985021
5137468
5119NAP
6651UK:North.Ireland
011
62133
319206
281128
7160
NANAP
0UK:Scotland
6590
464625
9911184
1566258
10100
00
92 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NOTES–TABLE7
Some countriesmay have included persons sentenced to securitymeasures (mentally-ill offenders andpersons considered as dangerous offenders) under the category “life imprisonment”, because in suchcases the length of detention/imprisonment is not fixed. However, as a rule, such persons have beenexcludedfromthedistribution,andcountedseparately(seenotestoTable7).
Several figures inTable 7 are presentedbetween squaredbrackets and/orwith a different backgroundcolourbecausetheydonotcorrespondtothecategorisationofthelengthofsentencesusedintheSPACEquestionnaire(i.e.thelowerorupperlimitsaredifferent,ortwoormorecategorieshavebeenmerged).
ALBANIAü Point(K)–Personsundersecuritymeasuresarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners.
ARMENIAü Points(A)(B),(C)and(D)–Lessthanoneyear.ü Point(H)–From10tolessthan15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).
AZERBAIJANü Points(A),(B),(C),(D),and(E)–Lessthan2years.ü Point(F)–2yearstolessthan7years(insteadof3yearstolessthan5years).ü Point(G)–7yearstolessthan12years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Points(H)and(I)–12yearsandover(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).
BULGARIAü Points(A),(B),(C)and(D)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.In
thatcategoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderoneyear.ü Point (J) – Among the 173 inmates are as well included 57 persons sentenced to life
imprisonmentwithoutthepossibilityofparole.CROATIA
ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (K) – Persons under securitymeasurewithout any length of sentence imposed are not
managedwithintheprisonsystem.ü Point(M)–PersonssentencedundertheLawonMinorOffences(191)ü InTable7areincludedaswellinmateswhostartedservingprisonsentenceinadvance.Minors
donothaveaspecificlengthofsentencenorthoseundereducationalmeasures;thereforetheyarenotincludedinTable7.Attheendof2014therewere70personsunderspecialregimeforjuvenileoffenders.
CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Points (A) and (B)– It is not possible to keep these groups separate in the statistics. In that
categoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderonemonth.ü FiguresinTable7correspondtothenumberofsentencedprisonersaccordingthelengthofthe
sentencethatinmatesarecurrentlyserving.ü Point(K)–40personsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.
DENMARKü Point (M)–Underthisheadingareincluded23personssentencedaccordingtoCriminalLawof
Greenland(specialmeasuresagainstmentallyillpeopleandparticularlydangerouspeople).FRANCE
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Points(A),(B),and(C)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.ü Point(I)–From20to30years(insteadof20yearsandover).ü Data relate to the whole penal population, and not only on those who are held in penal
institutions.
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GEORGIAWarning:Figurescontainscurrentstatisticaldata(21stJuly2015),thisiswhythesumsdon’tmatchthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonerswhichfiguresareon31stAugust2014GERMANY
ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figures about sentenced inmates were taken from the publication for the year 2014 of the
Statistisches Bundesamt - "Rechtspflege - Bestand der Gefangenen und Verwahrten in denJustizvollzugsanstaltennachihrerUnterbringungaufHaftplätzendesgeschlossenenundoffenenVollzugesjeweilszudenStichtagen31.März,31.Augustund30.NovembereinesJahres".
ü Asallfiguresaboutthelengthofemprisonmentingermanywheretakenfromthe"Fachserie10Reihe 4.1 of the StatistischesBundesamt - Rechtspflege 2014 - Strafvollzug -Demographischeund kriminologischeMerkmale der Strafgefangenen zum Stichtag 31.1. The sums don’tmatchthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonersbecausefiguresweretakenfromdifferentpublications
ü Point(D)–6monthsto1year(insteadof6monthstolessthan1year).ü Point(E)–Morethan1yearto2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F)–Morethan2yearsto5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(G)–Morethan5yearsto10years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Point(H)–Morethan10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point (K)– Persons under preventive measures are not included in the total number of
sentencedprisoners,becausetheyhavealreadyservedtheirsentence.GREECEWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
ü Points(B)and(C)–Fromonetolessthan6months.ü Point(E)–From1yeartolessthan2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F)–From2yearstolessthan5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(H)–From10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).ü Point(M)–Included18prisonersfordebtsand503detaineesawaitingdeportation.
HUNGARYü Point (K) –173 persons under preventive measures are not included here because they are
servingtheirmainprisonsentences.ITALY
ü Point(K)–The“internees”undersecuritymeasuresarenotconsideredasbeingfinalsentencedinmates. Therefore, persons undergoing security measures are not counted among finallysentencedinmates.
LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (L)–UntilDecember31st2011deathpenaltyinLatviawasnotapplicableforthecrimes
whichwerecommittedinapeacetime.CriminalLawofLatviaprovidedpossibilityofapplicationof the death sentence for the crimes committed in wartime.Death penaltywas excluded fromCriminalLawofLatviasinceJanuary1st2012.
LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü AccordingtothePenalProcedureCode,sentencedprisonersafterhavingsubmittedtheirwritten
consentmay start servingprison sentencebefore thehearingof their case in order of appeal.Therefore, sentencedprisoners inappeal, aswellasprisonerswhosesentenceshadcome intoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceis inforceandtheyareservingit. InTable7areincludedadditional381persons.
MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfigures
94 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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arepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA
ü Becauseofthequarterlydatacollection,theinformationusedinTable7isestablishedaccordingtothesituationon1stOctober2014.
THENETHERLANDSü Point(M)–187inmateswithunknowndurationofprisonsentencesimposed.
NORWAYü Breakdown of prisoners in Table 7 is based on calculated estimates according to length of
sentencesimposed.Theonlyrelevantreportavailableshowsthenumberofseparatesentencesbeingserved.Inmostcasesanewsentencewillbemergedwithapreviousone,butnotalways.For the SPACEpurpose, the figureswere adjustedproportionately to equal other itemsof thequestionnaireusedforthissurvey.
ü Point (K) –persons sentenced to securitymeasures (Forvaring) are included inother itemsofTable 7 according to the length of themain sentence,which should be equal to theminimumtimetobeservedasspecifiedinthesentence.
POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Providedinputscorrespondto
thenumberoffinalandnon-finalsentencesinsteadofthenumberofpersonssentenced.ü ThereisadifferentbreakdownbythelengthofthesentencesinPoland:
- 1-3months(including3months):567;- From3monthsto6months(including6months):4513;- From6monthsto1year:14001;- From1yearto3years:30033;- From3yearsto5years:8360;- From5yearsto10years:4913;- From10yearsto15years:2581;- 25years:1660;- Lifeimprisonment:342.
PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (K) – 275 inmates under “security measures” (mentally-ill), of which 136 placed in
psychiatricpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon-penitentiaryhospitals.RUSSIANFEDERATION
ü Totalnumberofprisonersdonoincludejuvenileinmates(1860).SERBIA
ü Point (K) –"Securitymeasures" are special sentences for offenderswith psychiatric disorders(notcriminallyresponsibleatthemomentwhenthecrimewascommitted).
ü Table7:Figuresdonotincludeinformationonpersonssentencedundermisdemeanouract,andpersons convicted to up to one year prison term, because they are serving alternative non-custodial sanctions. For prison sentences of up to one yearmay be imposed theHouse arrestsentence with or without electronic surveillance. For fine defaulters and shorter sentences(prison sentences up to 3 years) it is possible to apply a sentence of Community Service. TheCourtmayalsodecide to convert–under specific circumstances- thedetention in custody intothemeasureofhousearrest.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean
values.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)
ü On 1st January 2012 came into force a methodological reform consisting in the use of thepenitentiary information system as an official source of data for the general secretariat ofpenitentiary institutions. This adjustment made possible the collection of national data
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 95
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accordinglytotheSPACEcategories,whichisreferredinTable7.ü Point(K)–personssentencedtosecuritymeasuresareincludedinitemsofTable7accordingto
thelengthofthemainsentence.SWEDEN
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND
ü Datarelateto3drSeptember2013insteadof1stSeptember2014.TURKEY
ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Prisonerswhohavenotbeensentencedyetwerenottakenintothistable.
UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(K)–IncludedpersonsunderIndeterminateSentencesforPublicProtection.ü Point(M)–Inthiscategoryareincludedunrecordedsentences(lessthanorequalto6months,
and1-4years),recallsandfinedefaulters.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND
ü Sentence length includes both the custodial element and the licence element (i.e. period onprobation).
UK:SCOTLANDü Detailcurrentlyonlyavailableforthefollowingsentencebands:
- Lessthan1month:65;- 1tolessthan3months:90;- 3tolessthan6months:464;- 6tolessthan1year:625;- 1tolessthan2years:991;- 2tolessthan4years:1184;- 4tolessthan10years:1566;- 10yearsandover:258;- Lifesentence:1010(includeslifersrecalledfromlicence);
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TABLE7.1:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)
(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (K)–SECURITYMEASURESOFINDETERMINATELENGTH(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (I)–20YEARSANDOVER Total(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.7.1
Country (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) Total
Albania 0.0 0.4 0.6 3.9 8.9 16.7 42.3 11.9 9.2 5.9 Note NAP 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.5 18.2 0.0 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.6 10.1 23.8 46.7 13.6 0.6 3.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Austria 0.2 3.4 5.2 10.9 35.5 17.9 18.0 6.8 0.3 1.9 NAP NAP NA 100.0Azerbaijan 12.6 49.7 26.8 9.5 1.4 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Belgium 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.0 17.1 26.3 31.4 10.6 7.0 2.4 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0BH:BiH(st.lvel) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1.5 2.7 5.0 7.0 22.6 15.3 21.4 21.1 3.5 NAP NA NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 30.0 30.8 14.7 11.5 10.2 0.5 2.4 NA NAP NA 100.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ***Cyprus 0.7 7.1 4.6 11.4 18.5 13.5 13.9 19.9 5.0 5.5 0 NAP 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 0.7 5.0 17.7 39.2 15.0 14.6 6.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 NAP NAP 100.0Denmark 1.0 4.3 6.2 12.6 33.9 13.4 14.0 10.5 0.2 1.0 2.0 NAP 1.0 100.0Estonia 0.0 0.8 2.9 7.2 24.1 25.0 25.0 12.3 0.9 1.7 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Finland 1.7 3.3 5.3 8.3 30.5 18.5 16.4 7.4 0.0 8.5 NAP NAP NAP 100.0France 17.5 19.1 29.3 11.5 10.0 8.6 3.1 0.8 NAP NAP NA 100.0Georgia 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.2 24.9 26.1 34.3 11.7 0.6 0.9 0.0 NAP NA 103.6Germany 1.5 9.6 13.5 21.1 19.6 24.9 6.9 1.2 NAP 3.7 1.0 NAP NAP 102.9Greece 1.0 1.2 1.5 5.0 32.6 19.9 22.8 10.8 NA NAP 5.5 100.0Hungary [0.6] [1.6] [3.1] [11.9] [36.4] [17.3] [20.3] [6.3] [0.4] [2.2] [1] [NAP] [0.0] [101.3]Iceland 0.7 4.1 9.0 9.7 33.1 12.4 20.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Ireland 0.2 0.2 2.4 8.0 23.5 22.6 23.8 8.2 0.4 10.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Italy 0.2 0.2 1.0 3.6 18.3 21.0 28.8 16.5 6.0 4.4 3.0 NAP 0.0 103.2Latvia 0.4 0.3 1.4 3.1 19.3 19.2 37.4 17.2 0.1 1.6 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Lithuania 0.7 1.9 1.8 4.2 24.8 23.4 26.2 20.2 0.3 1.5 NAP NAP NAP 105.0Luxembourg 0.0 0.5 0.8 9.5 26.7 15.5 21.3 13.4 8.7 3.3 NAP NAP 0.3 100.0Malta [0.5] [4.5] [5.2] [6.0] [22.8] [22.0] [28.0] [10.7] [7.6] [3.1] [NAP] [NAP] [0.0] [110.5]Moldova NAP NAP NAP 1.1 9.5 17.2 35.7 31.0 3.7 1.8 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 11.1 11.1 33.3 11.1 11.1 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Montenegro 3.1 4.7 8.4 5.5 48.0 20.9 4.3 2.0 3.0 0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Netherlands 14.8 9.7 7.8 12.0 22.9 10.0 10.6 7.6 0.7 0.6 NAP NAP 3.4 100.0Norway 2.2 7.5 7.3 17.5 29.9 13.3 12.1 7.0 0.6 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 97.3Poland 1.0 6.3 19.7 42.2 11.8 6.9 3.6 2.3 0.5 NA NAP 0.0 94.1Portugal 0.0 0.6 1.4 3.7 14.5 19.9 37.3 15.2 3.0 NAP 2.4 NAP 4.5 102.4Romania 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 22.9 30.1 27.0 14.2 3.2 0.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA 3.3 20.2 22.3 36.8 15.5 1.2 0.3 NA NAP 0.0 99.6SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 0.0 2.8 7.2 9.1 27.7 21.1 19.2 10.3 2.6 0.0 Note NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 0.5 1.3 6.7 17.1 28.0 14.0 23.1 7.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Slovenia 0.5 1.3 5.8 12.2 36.9 16.7 16.3 9.3 1.1 0.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 0.4 0.1 1.9 6.2 18.7 23.8 27.6 16.3 4.7 NAP 0 NAP NAP 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 0.3 0.1 1.8 6.6 19.1 24.1 27.1 16.0 4.9 NAP 0 NAP NAP 100.0
Spain(Catalonia) 0.8 0.4 2.8 4.0 16.7 21.9 30.7 18.2 3.6 NAP 0.8 NAP 0.0 100.0
Sweden 0.4 5.3 5.3 9.5 36.4 16.5 15.0 8.1 0.3 3.3 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Switzerland 2.4 16.1 15.1 2.9 21.1 16.1 7.9 4.5 NAP 1.0 3.8 NAP 9.1 100.0theFYROMacedonia
0.1 0.4 4.1 10.7 27.0 20.8 23.4 10.8 0.0 1.3 0 NAP 1.6 100.0
Turkey 0.1 0.9 0.7 1.5 13.2 20.4 25.2 21.3 10.8 5.6 0.0 NAP 0.0 99.6Ukraine NAP NAP NAP 1.0 13.9 35.7 37.5 9.7 NA 2.4 NAP NAP NA 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 0.3 1.8 4.1 2.9 21.7 16.0 18.6 7.0 0.7 10.4 7.2 NAP 9.3 100.0
UK:North.Ireland 0.0 0.8 4.7 10.2 24.4 15.8 21.5 9.8 0.5 12.2 NA NAP 0.0 100.0
UK:Scotland 1.0 1.4 7.4 10.0 15.8 18.9 25.0 4.1 16.2 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Average 2.2 2.5 4.0 7.9 25.9 18.4 22.0 11.8 2.7 3.0 0.9 0.9 Median 0.5 0.8 4.1 7.0 23.8 18.0 22.1 10.5 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 30.0 16.1 15.1 33.3 100.0 49.7 46.7 36.4 22.8 16.2 7.2 9.3
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 97
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TABLE7.2:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(CUMULATIVEPERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.7.2
CountryLessthan1year
1yearandover(fixed-term
sentence)
3yearsandover(fixed-term
sentence)
5yearsandover(fixed-term
sentence)
10yearsandover(fixed-term
sentence)
Totalfixed-termsentences
Lifeimprisonment
Other&securitymeasures
Total
Albania 5.0 89.1 80.2 63.5 21.2 94.1 5.9 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 100.0 54.5 36.4 36.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.6 94.8 84.7 61.0 14.3 96.5 3.5 0.0 100.0Austria 19.6 78.5 43.0 25.1 7.1 98.1 1.9 0.0 100.0Azerbaijan 12.6 86.0 86.0 36.3 9.5 98.6 1.4 0.0 100.0Belgium 5.2 92.3 75.2 48.9 17.5 97.5 2.4 0.0 100.0BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 16.1 83.9 61.3 46.0 24.6 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 30.0 67.6 36.8 22.1 10.7 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ***Cyprus 23.7 70.8 52.3 38.8 24.9 94.5 5.5 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 23.4 76.1 36.8 21.8 7.2 99.5 0.3 0.2 100.0Denmark 24.1 71.9 38.0 24.6 10.7 96.0 1.0 3.1 100.0Estonia 11.0 87.3 63.2 38.2 13.2 98.3 1.7 0.0 100.0Finland 18.6 72.9 42.4 23.9 7.5 91.5 8.5 100.0France 36.6 62.6 33.3 21.8 11.8 99.2 0.8 0.0 100.0Georgia 5.1 97.5 72.6 46.6 12.3 102.7 0.9 0.0 103.6Germany 45.7 52.6 33.0 8.1 1.2 98.3 3.7 0.9 102.9Greece 1.8 81.8 80.3 75.3 42.8 83.6 10.8 5.5 100.0Hungary [17.2] [80.7] [44.3] [27.0] [6.7] [97.9] [2.2] [1.2] [101.3]Iceland 23.4 76.6 43.4 31.0 11.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Ireland 10.9 78.6 55.1 32.4 8.6 89.5 10.5 0.0 100.0Italy 4.9 90.6 72.3 51.4 22.5 95.6 4.4 3.2 103.2Latvia 5.2 93.3 74.0 54.8 17.4 98.4 1.6 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 100.0 50.0 50.0 25.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 8.6 94.9 70.1 46.7 20.5 103.4 1.5 0.0 105.0Luxembourg 10.9 85.6 58.9 43.3 22.1 96.5 3.3 0.3 100.0Malta [16.2] [91.1] [68.3] [46.3] [18.3] […] [3.1] [0.0] [110.5]Moldova 1.1 97.1 87.6 70.4 34.7 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0Monaco 55.6 44.4 33.3 22.2 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 21.7 78.3 30.2 9.3 5.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Netherlands 44.3 51.7 28.8 18.8 8.3 96.0 0.6 3.4 100.0Norway 34.4 62.9 33.0 19.6 7.6 97.3 NAP 0.0 97.3Poland 26.8 66.8 24.6 12.9 6.0 93.7 0.5 0.0 94.1Portugal 5.6 89.8 75.3 55.4 18.2 95.5 NAP 6.9 102.4Romania 1.9 97.5 74.6 44.4 17.4 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0RussianFed. 3.3 95.9 75.8 53.5 16.6 99.3 0.3 0.0 99.6SanMarino 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Serbia 19.1 80.9 53.2 32.1 12.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 25.7 73.9 45.8 31.8 8.7 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0Slovenia 19.8 80.2 43.3 26.7 10.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 8.6 91.2 72.5 48.7 21.1 99.9 NAP 0.1 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 8.7 91.3 72.2 48.1 21.0 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 8.1 91.2 74.5 52.5 21.8 99.2 NAP 0.8 100.0Sweden 20.4 76.2 39.9 23.4 8.4 96.7 3.3 0.0 100.0Switzerland 36.5 49.5 28.5 12.4 4.5 86.0 1.0 13.0 100.0theFYROMacedonia 15.2 81.9 55.0 34.1 10.8 97.2 1.3 1.6 100.0Turkey 3.1 90.9 77.7 57.3 32.1 94.0 5.6 0.0 99.6Ukraine 1.0 96.7 82.8 47.1 9.7 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 9.1 64.0 42.3 26.3 7.7 73.1 10.4 16.5 100.0UK:North.Ireland 15.8 72.0 47.6 31.8 10.3 87.8 12.2 0.0 100.0UK:Scotland 19.9 64.0 48.1 29.2 4.1 83.8 16.2 0.0 100.0Average 15.8 80.7 54.8 36.3 14.3 96.5 3.0 1.2 Median 15.2 81.8 53.2 34.1 11.0 98.1 1.6 0.0 Minimum 0.0 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.1 0.0 0.0 Maximum 55.6 100.0 87.6 75.3 42.8 100.0 16.2 16.5
98 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE7.3:LENGTHSOFLESSTHANONEYEAROFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.7.3
CountryLessthan1month
1monthtolessthan3months
3monthstolessthan6months
6monthstolessthan1year
Totallessthan1year
Albania 0.0 8.5 12.3 79.2 100.0Andorra 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Armenia Austria 0.9 17.1 26.4 55.5 100.0Azerbaijan 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Belgium 0.4 0.2 3.1 96.2 100.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 9.0 16.5 30.8 43.6 100.0Bulgaria 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Croatia 0.6 1.7 12.6 85.2 100.0Cyprus 2.9 29.8 19.2 48.1 100.0CzechRep. 3.0 0.0 21.3 75.7 100.0Denmark 4.3 17.8 25.5 52.4 100.0Estonia 0.4 7.3 26.6 65.6 100.0Finland 9.2 17.7 28.4 44.6 100.0France 47.7 0.0 0.0 52.3 100.0Georgia 0.0 1.6 16.6 81.9 100.0Germany 3.3 20.9 29.6 46.2 100.0Greece 32.0 0.0 0.0 68.0 100.0Hungary [3.2] [9.6] [18.0] [69.2] [100.0]Iceland 2.9 17.6 38.2 41.2 100.0Ireland 2.3 2.3 21.8 73.7 100.0Italy 3.4 4.5 19.9 72.2 100.0Latvia 7.3 6.8 26.6 59.3 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 7.9 21.8 21.4 48.9 100.0Luxembourg 0.0 5.0 7.5 87.5 100.0Malta [3.2] [27.4] [32.3] [37.1] [100.0]Moldova NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 20.0 20.0 60.0 100.0Montenegro 14.3 21.7 38.5 25.5 100.0Netherlands 33.4 21.9 17.6 27.1 100.0Norway 6.3 21.8 21.1 50.8 100.0Poland 3.0 0.0 23.7 73.4 100.0Portugal 0.3 9.8 24.2 65.6 100.0Romania 0.4 1.2 10.6 87.8 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA 100.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 0.0 14.7 37.8 47.6 100.0SlovakRep. 2.1 5.1 26.1 66.7 100.0Slovenia 2.5 6.6 29.5 61.4 100.0Spain(total) 4.5 1.6 21.9 71.9 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 3.6 1.1 20.0 75.3 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 10.5 5.3 34.5 49.7 100.0Sweden 1.9 25.7 25.9 46.5 100.0Switzerland 6.6 44.1 41.3 8.0 100.0theFYROMacedonia 0.5 2.7 26.9 69.9 100.0Turkey 2.0 27.5 22.7 47.9 100.0Ukraine NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 3.1 19.6 45.4 31.9 100.0UK:North.Ireland 0.0 5.3 30.1 64.6 100.0UK:Scotland 5.2 7.2 37.3 50.2 100.0Average 9.6 10.8 21.1 55.0 Median 3.0 7.0 22.2 55.5 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 100.0 44.1 45.4 100.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 99
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NOTES–TABLES7.1,7.2,AND7.3
SeenotestoTables5and7.
Allmergedcategories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)orother)wereexcludedfromthecalculationofaverage,median,minimumandmaximumindicatorsattheEuropeanlevel.
FiguresfromArmeniawerenotincludedbecausethereisnobreakdownofsentencesoflessthan1year.
FIGURE3:COUNTRIESWITHHIGHESTPERCENTAGESOFPRISONERSSENTENCEDTOLESSTHANONEYEAR
Figure3providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththehighestpercentagesofprisonersservingshortprison sentences (less than one year). This Figure includes 23 countries where the percentages ofprisonerssentencedtolessthan1yearwereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(15.2%).
Between2009and2014theevolutionoftheEuropeanmedianfollowedthecurvilineartrend:17.1%in2009,16.4%in2010,18.6%in2011,14.9%in2012,13.3%in2013and15.2%in2014.
Formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTable7shouldbetakenintoaccount.
16.1
16.2
17.2
18.6
19.1
19.6
19.8
19.9
20.4
21.7
23.4
23.4
23.7
24.1
25.7
26.8
30.0
34.4
36.5
36.6 44.3
45.7
55.6
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%
BH:R
ep.Srpska
Malta
Hungary
Finland
Serbia
Austria
Sloven
ia
UK:Scotla
nd
Swed
en
Mon
tene
gro
CzechRe
p.
Iceland
Cyprus
Denm
ark
SlovakRep
.
Poland
Bulgaria
Norway
Switzerland
France
Nethe
rland
s
Germ
any
Mon
aco
EuropeanAverage=15.8EuropeanMedian=15.2
100 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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ii. Prison Movements during 2013
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics101
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ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE8:FLO
WOFEN
TRIESTOPEN
ALINSTITU
TIONSIN
2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.8
Country
Totalnumberof
entriesin2013
Rateofentries
topenal
institu
tionsper
100000
inhabitants
Entriesbeforefin
alsentence
Entriesaftertherevocation,
suspensionorannulmentofth
e
conditio
nalreleaseorprobation
Entriesfollowingtransferfroma
foreigncountry(TOTAL)
Entriesfollowingtransferfroma
MemberStateofth
eEU
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthenumber
ofentries
following
transferfroma
foreigncountry
Albania
4557157.2
404088.7
1834.0
491.1
4693.9
Andorra
108141.6
3532.4
65.6
00.0
00.0
Armenia
NANA
NANA
NANA
2NA
00.0
Austria
11926141.1
859972.1
NANA
NANA
NANA
Azerbaijan
889395.0
803790.4
NANA
760.9
11.3
Belgium
18560166.3
1165162.8
NANA
NANA
NANA
BH:BiH(st.le
vel)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska
1702119.4
42525.0
10.1
140.8
535.7
Bulgaria
715298.2
223831.3
NANA
320.4
NANA
Croatia
11025258.7
NANA
NANA
160.1
318.8
Cyprus
2697311.5
1'33949.6
NAPNAP
10.0
1100.0
CzechRep.
913186.8
525457.5
NANA
700.8
NANA
Denmark
14423257.4
NANA
430.3
NANA
NANA
Estonia
2153163.1
159674.1
NANA
160.7
1593.8
Finland
5809107.0
199034.3
NANA
270.5
2177.8
France
89290136.2
4699852.6
NANA
NANA
NANA
Georgia
8224183.7
NANA
230.3
NANA
NANA
Germany
95574116.5
1126011.8
NANA
NANA
NANA
Greece
13556123.3
NANA
NANA
50.0
480.0
Hungary
32151324.5
1254739.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
Iceland
30594.8
13343.6
72.3
31.0
3100.0
Ireland
15926346.9
334021.0
NANA
40.0
4100.0
Italy
5939099.5
5051985.1
NANA
NANA
NANA
Latvia
12268606.2
799065.1
421234.3
660.5
3248.5
Liechtenstein
68184.6
3754.4
11.5
34.4
00.0
Lithuania
8836297.3
587966.5
NANA
580.7
3662.1
Luxembourg
787146.5
63881.1
293.7
20.3
2100.0
Malta
673159.7
38056.5
537.9
10.1
1100.0
Moldova
273676.9
NANA
NANA
NANA
0NA
Monaco
132348.9
10781.1
00.0
00.0
00.0
102CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Totalnumberof
entriesin2013
Rateofentries
topenal
institu
tionsper
100000
inhabitants
Entriesbeforefin
alsentence
Entriesaftertherevocation,
suspensionorannulmentofth
e
conditio
nalreleaseorprobation
Entriesfollowingtransferfroma
foreigncountry(TOTAL)
Entriesfollowingtransferfroma
MemberStateofth
eEU
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthetotal
numberof
entries
Number
%inthenumber
ofentries
following
transferfroma
foreigncountry
Montenegro
2552411.0
65525.7
00.0
431.7
2558.1
Netherlands
39815237.3
1605540.3
NANA
1530.4
NANA
Norway
10002198.0
396339.6
NANA
00.0
00.0
Poland
89063234.0
1615718.1
NANA
12021.3
NANA
Portugal
614958.6
252441.0
NAPNAP
NAPNAP
NAPNAP
Romania
1582279.0
157810.0
NAPNAP
1791.1
17698.3
RussianFed.
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
SanMarino
926.8
444.4
00.0
00.0
00.0
Serbia
25947361.3
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
SlovakRep.
8026148.3
290336.2
NANA
1211.5
NANA
Slovenia
3268158.7
84725.9
NANA
70.2
571.4
Spain(total)50123
107.332186
64.2827
1.6282
0.693
33.0Spain(StateAdm.)
43430110.7
2870766.1
7631.8
00.0
00.0
Spain(Catalonia)
669389.5
347952.0
641.0
NANA
NA
Sweden
37506392.5
2853176.1
NANA
1070.3
2220.6
Switzerland
53833669.6
1684031.3
NANA
NANA
NANA
theFYROMacedonia
2350114.0
34814.8
00.0
311.3
1238.7
Turkey
249057329.3
5864023.5
3500.1
NANA
NANA
Ukraine
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
UK:Engl.&
Wales
107318189.1
8256776.9
1620715.1
NANA
NANA
UK:North.Ireland
4375239.5
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
UK:Scotland
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
Average
201.0
48.7
4.1
0.7
48.1
Median
159.2
44.4
1.0
0.4
48.5
Minimum
26.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Maximum
669.6
90.4
34.3
4.4
100.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 103
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NOTES–TABLE8
AZERBAIJANü InTable8only the totalnumberof entries inprisons is included.Figuresdonot relate to the
entriesintopolicestations.BELGIUM
ü GiventhatpersonsunderElectronicMonitoringareincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates(seeTable1.1),theentriesunderthistypeofregimeareincludedinthetotalnumberofentries.
CYPRUSü Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutionsin2012was13138,ofwhich3159wereentriesin
prisoninstitutionand9983wereentriesinpolicestations.ü IntheTable8allfiguresrefertoentriesinthepenalinstitutiononly(enteriesinpolicestations
areexcluded)ü EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU:OneentryfromtheUK.
CZECHREPUBLICü Entries following transfer from a foreign country: The Prison Service of the Czech Republic
providesescortsofinmatesfromforeigncountries.Moreover,someescortswereprovidedfromtheborders(crossborderescorts)buttherearenofiguresavailableonthistypeoftransfers.
ü Othertransferswereprovidedbythepolice.Yet, thePrisonServicedoesnotkeepanyspecificdataaboutsuchtransfers.ThedatamaybeavailableattheMinistryofInteriororattheMinistryofForeignAffairs.
FINLANDü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Includesallthepersonswhohavebeenbrought
fromabroadtoaFinnishprison.Thisnumberincludesthefollowing:• Personswho entered Finnish prison on the basis of extradition (20): the personwas
apprehended abroad on the basis of the Nordic (NAW) or European (EAW) orinternational arrestwarrant issuedby theFinnishprosecutor (on thebasis of theon-going criminal procedure) or issued by the Criminal Sanctions Agency (in order toenforcetheprisonsentenceinFinland),and
• Personswhoaretransferredasprisoners(7):theenforcementofthesentencehasbeendecidedtotakeoverfromanothercountryintoFinland.
THENETHERLANDSü Entries included in Table 8 are only entries in penal institutions. Entries in custodial clinics,
institutionsfor juvenilesandinstitutionsforaliensareexcluded.Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedentriesfromfreesocietyandthosefrompolicestationsintopenalinstitutions.
ü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:TheseareinmateswhowereconvictedoutsidetheNetherlands,buttheycanservetheirsentenceintheNetherlands.Suchprocedures,basedonaspecial law(WOTS),make the transferenceof theexecutionof criminal judgementspossible.Theseprisonersdonothave tobeborn in theNetherlands,but there shouldbe some formofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. because of having the Dutch nationality and living andworkingthere).Sincethe1stNovember2012anewlaw(WETS)isinforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.
NORWAYü Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:
Nearly all revocations are combined with a new sentence. Therefore no separate figures areavailableforthiscategoryofentries.
SWEDENü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Refersonlytoclientswhohavestartedserving
thesentenceinthesentencingcountry.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
ü Entriesaftertherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation:Thenewrecordingsystemdoesnotallowanylongerisolatingrecallreceptions.
104 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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ü Number of entries before final sentence: taken from Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October-December2014)Annualreceptionstables.Referstoremand(untried)firstreceptionsplusremand(convictedunsentenced).
ü Number of entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release orprobation: is taken from Table 5.1 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January-March2014)andreferstoprisonersrecalledtoprisonafterbeingoutonlicence.
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Thesignificantdecreasebetween2012(6362entries)and2013(4375entries)isduetoaJudicial
ReviewwhichledtothesuspensionofFineDefaultPrisonersgoingtoprison.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics105
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ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE9:FLO
WOFRELEASESFRO
MPEN
ALINSTITU
TIONSIN
2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.9
Country
Totalnum
berofreleasesin2013(A)
Rateofreleasesfrom
penalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants
Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners
released
Ofwhich
Other
Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.
conditionalreleaseandexternalplacem
entunderElectronicMonitoringorProbation)
Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence
Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners
Num
ber(B)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Num
ber(C)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Num
ber(C.1)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(C.2)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(C.3)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(D)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Albania3569
123.12293
64.21276
35.8341
26.7935
73.30
0.00
0.0Andorra
81106.2
4960.5
3239.5
618.8
2681.3
00.0
00.0
Armenia
253183.6
54521.5
196077.4
28914.7
99250.6
67934.6
261.0
Austria11818
139.83207
27.17602
64.32458
32.34143
54.51001
13.21009
8.5Azerbaijan
752980.5
86211.4
650986.5
149423.0
258539.7
243037.3
1582.1
Belgium
18395164.8
740040.2
973752.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12586.8
BH:BiH
(st.level)
BH
:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska
1579110.8
37523.7
120076.0
31025.8
88673.8
40.3
40.3
Bulgaria6742
92.6682
10.16060
89.9853
14.15203
85.94
0.1NA
NA
Croatia10911
256.03251
29.83049
27.91983
65.0921
30.2145
4.84611
42.3Cyprus
2'094241.8
65031.0
1'43968.7
83458.0
60542.0
00.0
50.2
CzechRep.15355
146.01877
12.212173
79.32834
23.32868
23.66471
53.21305
8.5Denm
arkNA
NA
NA
NA
8938NA
384743.0
509157.0
00.0
22NA
Estonia2345
177.6448
19.11897
80.9439
23.11458
76.90
0.00
0.0Finland
5940109.5
111418.8
471779.4
353374.9
118225.1
20.0
1091.8
France88203
134.511952
13.676251
86.47999
10.568252
89.50
0.00
0.0Georgia
18670417.0
NA
NA
1524981.7
157810.3
350623.0
1016566.7
342118.3
Germany
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Greece9067
82.52333
25.76734
74.3NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hungary
31320316.1
622819.9
1539049.1
565736.8
942761.3
3062.0
970231.0
Iceland341
105.973
21.4265
77.7153
57.799
37.413
4.93
0.9Ireland
16868367.4
364021.6
1322878.4
NA
NA
480.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
Italy69316
116.128261
40.840571
58.516589
40.923982
59.1NA
NA
4840.7
Latvia3768
186.21272
33.82476
65.7467
18.91910
77.199
4.020
0.5Liechtenstein
61165.6
34.9
5895.1
1322.4
00.0
4577.6
00.0
LithuaniaNA
NA
NA
NA
5150NA
114122.2
396176.9
480.9
50NA
Luxembourg
792147.5
37847.7
38148.1
16142.3
21857.2
20.5
334.2
106CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Totalnum
berofreleasesin2013(A)
Rateofreleasesfrom
penalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants
Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners
released
Ofwhich
Other
Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.
conditionalreleaseandexternalplacem
entunderElectronicMonitoringorProbation)
Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence
Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners
Num
ber(B)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Num
ber(C)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Num
ber(C.1)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(C.2)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(C.3)
%inthetotal
numberof
finalsentencedprisonersreleased
Num
ber(D)
%inthetotal
numberof
releases
Malta
[646][153.3]
[198][30.7]
[444][68.7]
[36][8.1]
[408][91.9]
[0][0.0]
[0][0.0]
Moldova
240667.6
91638.1
149061.9
29019.5
69246.4
50834.1
00.0
Monaco
136359.5
2216.2
10275.0
00.0
102100.0
00.0
128.8
Montenegro
2851459.2
65723.0
219477.0
94042.8
120354.8
512.3
00.0
Netherlands
40620242.1
1029325.3
2953872.7
6822.3
2885697.7
NAP
NAP
7891.9
Norw
ay9911
196.21929
19.57010
70.72531
36.14085
58.3394
5.6972
9.8Poland
94287247.7
1295113.7
8133686.3
2411529.6
4903660.3
818510.1
NA
NA
Portugal5479
52.2NA
NA
NA
NA
1401NA
2446NA
NA
NA
163229.8
Romania
1421171.0
13799.7
1283290.3
1011278.8
7535.9
185514.5
1120.8
RussianFed.283796
197.88892
3.1274904
96.968171
24.8188270
68.518463
6.7NA
NA
SanMarino
823.8
8100.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
Serbia26277
365.98930
34.017232
65.61099
6.415039
87.31094
6.3115
0.4SlovakRep.
7478138.2
127417.0
620483.0
218635.2
315150.8
86714.0
00.0
Slovenia3220
156.4860
26.71103
34.334
3.1333
30.2736
66.71257
39.0Spain(total)
51814110.9
1605231.0
3576269.0
929226.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
Spain(StateAdm.)
45398115.7
1389230.6
3150669.4
815625.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
00.0
Spain(Catalonia)6416
85.82160
33.74256
66.31136
26.72789
65.5331
7.8NA
NA
Sweden
NA
NA
NA
NA
8885NA
700978.9
187621.1
NAP
NAP
139NA
Switzerland
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
theFYROMacedonia
2542123.3
93636.8
160463.1
65040.5
22514.0
72945.4
20.1
Turkey253064
334.6NA
NA
19351776.5
76774.0
NAP
NAP
NA
NA
00.0
Ukraine
52574115.9
910117.3
4347382.7
1532135.2
1214527.9
1600736.8
NA
NA
UK:Engl.&
Wales
NA
NA
NA
NA
79508NA
3820148.0
4130752.0
00.0
0NA
UK:North.Ireland
4280234.3
207648.5
206248.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1423.3
UK:Scotland
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Average
173.0
28.1
68.1
29.8
51.9
14.9
6.1Median
142.9
24.5
73.5
25.9
54.8
4.8
0.7
Minim
um
0.0
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Maxim
um
459.2
100.0
96.9
78.9
100.0
77.6
42.3
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 107
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE9
ARMENIAü Point (C.3):areincluded10individualpardons,648personsreleasedunderamnestydecision,
21personsreleasedinordertoexecutepublicworks.
AUSTRIAü Point (C.3): In this category are included 1 001 releases for other reasons, for example, the
inmates have been extradited to another country, have reached an individual pardon or a
reprievewasgranted.
ü Point(D):Areincludedthefollowingcategoriesofreleases:ü Personsunderpsychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures,
ü Peoplewhowereinprisoninordertosupportotheradministrativeauthorities,
ü Prisonerswhowereheldunderprovisionalarrestforforeigngovernments,
ü People who were held under provisional arrest at the very beginning of the pre-trial
investigationbutfinallypre-trialdetentionwasrejectedbycourt.
AZERBAIJANü Point(C.3):291sentencedprisonerswerebeengrantedpardon.
BELGIUMü Point(C.1):TheexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringisnotconsideredinBelgiumas
areleasebutasacontinueddetentionunderaparticularregime.
ü Point(D):1258releases,ofwhich:o Releasesof“internees”(seepoint(5)ofTable1.1,andnotestothetable),
o Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(seepoint(6)ofTable1.1),
o PersonsplacedatthedisposaloftheCourtsofenforcementofsentences(seeTable5.2),
o JuvenilesheldintheFederalCentreforjuvenileoffenders(seepoint(2)ofTable1.1),
o Personsunderarrest,
o Personsundertemporarysuspendedconditionalreleaseorprobation(withoutrevocation),
o Inmateswithtemporarylegalstatusduetoatransferfromaforeigncountry.
ü Point (D-ADD): Deaths, escapes or other forms of releases when inmates are considered tocontinueservingtheirsentences(e.g.non-returnsfrompenitentiaryleavearenotincludedinthe
total numberof releases.These events arenot considered as “releases”whileBelgian internal
countingrulesareapplied.
BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKAü Point (D): 9 convicted prisoners discharged (removed from the records). All these situations
correspondtothedeathsduetonaturalcauses,3duringhospitalizationsinclinicalcentresand1
inthecorrectionalinstitution.
BULGARIAü Point(C.3):Includesonlyreleasesafterpardonsandreprieves.
CROATIAü Point (D):Underthisheadingareincluded14deaths,67releasesofjuvenileswitheducational
measures,and4765releasesofpersonssentencedforminoroffenses.
CYPRUSü InTable9areincludedonlyreleasesfromprisonwithoutreleasesfrompolicestations.
CZECHREPUBLICü Point (D):Categoriesofreleasesare thesameforpre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners:
deaths, releases related to health reasons, transfers to psychiatric hospital not run by Prison
Service,alltypesofextraditiontoforeigncountries.
DENMARKü Point(D):14pardonsand8deaths(ofwhich3suicides).
FINLANDü Point(C.2):1181releasesincludedinthiscategory,ofwhich1150(97%)werefinedefaulters;ü Point (D):Includingdeaths(16),transfersandexpulsionstoothercountries(73),enforcement
108 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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interrupted(12),otherreasons(8);
ü NB:AccordingtotheFinnishlegislationfinedefaultersmustservetheirwholesentenceinprisonwithoutapossibilitytobeconditionallyreleased.
FRANCEü Point(C.1):Numberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedconcernsonlytheconditionalreleases
whichallowedtheliftingofthestatusof“écroué”.
GEORGIAü Point (C.3): Includes 23 commutations of sentence to a less severe one, 854 pardons, 433
conditionalreleases,8729amnesties,91compassionatereleases,25deathsand10defermentof
sentence;ü Point(D):Otherformsofreleasesasbail,terminationofproceedings,extradition.
GERMANYü Releases are recorded nation-wide only in the months of March, August and November.
Moreover,nodataare collectedon the releasesofpre-trialdetainees.Therefore,nodatahave
beenmadeavailableforTable9.
ICELANDü Point (A): Is included the total number of releases from prisons, half way houses, alcoholic
treatmentandelectronicmonitoring;
ü Point(C.3):Paymentoffinesthatleadstoreleaseofprisonerswhowereservingprisontermsasalternative to paying fines. 1 person died in prison and the other one was transferred to
homelandcountrytocompletehissentence;
ü Point (D): Include2personswhodied inprisonand1 transferredtohishomelandtoserve issentence.
IRELANDü Point(B):1606bailreleasesand1892releasesbycourtdecision;ü Points(C.1)and(C.3):Therearenofiguresavailable.
ITALYü Point(D):Releasesofthepersonsunder"securitymeasures".
LATVIAü Point (C.3):Under thisheadingare includedthereleasesduetocommutationofsentenceand
duetotheapplicationoftheamnesty;
ü Point(D):Includeddeathsoccurredincustodyofpre-trialandsentencedprisoners,releasesduetohealthreasons(includingtransferstopublichospitals,whichresultintotalsuspensionofthe
custodialsentence)andextraditiontothehomelandcountriesoftheprisoners.
LITHUANIAü Point(C.3):Othertypesofreleasesforsentencedprisoners:
ü Dischargefromsentenceduetoillness(5);
ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofappeal(23);
ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofcassation(8);
ü Individualpardons(6);
ü Suspendedsentencesforjuveniles,art.92ofCriminalCode(6).
ü Point (D): Included 48 deaths and 2 escapes leading to the removal of the status of"inmate/prisoner".
MALTA
Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA
ü Point (C.3): Includes releases as a result of application of the amnesties, collective/individualpardons, releases replacing the unexecuted punishment with a milder punishment or a fine,
releases due to illness, conditional releases before time and after serving the sentence with
privilegedcalculationofworkingdays.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 109
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
MONACO
ü Point(D):Ofwhich7inmatesextradited,4inmatestransferredand1amnesty.THENETHERLANDSErrataSPACEI2013:In2012,therewere955releasesreleases,ofwhich584withspecialcondition(insteadof682).
ü Releases included inTable9areonlyreleases frompenal institutions.Releases fromcustodial
clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.
ü Point (C.1): Leaves under Electronic Monitoring are not considered as “releases” in Dutchsystem.In2013therewere995personsreleasedearly,ofwhich682ofthemleftprisonwithout
specialconditions.
ü Point(D):Unknownwhetherreleasedasapre-trialorasentencedprisoner.NORWAY
ü Point(D):832finesand140escapes.POLAND
ü Points(C.3):IncludesreleasesbasedontheProsecutor’sdecision,releaseswhicharetheresultofafinepaymentandreleasesforatemporaryleave.
PORTUGALü Point (D):acquittal,changeofthewayofenforcingthecustodialsentence,decriminalisationof
certainoffences,definitivedismissingoftheprosecutioninaccordancewithlimitationperiodof
proceedings,death,extraditiontothehomelandcountriesoftheprisoners.
ROMANIAü Point (C.3): Includes conditional suspension of the sentence, conditional suspension of the
sentenceundersupervisionandprobation.
ü Point (D): Are included deaths, pardons, releases as result of break in sentence enforcement,suspendedsentences,sentencesconditionallysuspendedwiththesurveillance,extraditions,etc.
RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Point(B):Releasesfrompre-trialdetentionasaresultofchangeofthesentencetoapreventive
measure.
ü Point(C):Releasesfollowingtheexpiryofpre-trialdetentiondeadlineaswellasreleasesattheendofthecustodialsentence.
SLOVAKREPUBLICü Points (C.3): 26 973 releases of which 802 releases under amnesty decision, 54 releases on
paroleand11deaths.
SLOVENIAü Point (C.1): 231 conditional releases, 341 early releases, and 25 conditional releases with
supervision.
ü Point(C.3):includesconditionalreleaseswithoutspecialconditionsandearlyreleases.SPAIN(TOTAL)
ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean
values.
ü Point(A):Includes1500personsextraditedtotheirhomelandcountries,804penalexpulsionofSpain,509personsreleasedunderconditionstobefulfilledintheirhomelandcountriesand187
otherstransferredtotheirhomelandcountrytocompletetheirsentence.
SWEDENGeneralnote:OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonthepre-trialdetaineesreleasedisnotavailable.
ü Point (D): The group is leaved the custody for other reasons, as deaths, executionmoved toothercountriesorotherreasontoleave.Theyhavenotbeen“released”.
UK:ENGLANDANDWALES
General note: All items taken from Table A3.1 ofOffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly (October-
110 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
December 2014, Annual tables) and Table A3.4 ofOffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly (October-December2014,Annualtables).
ü Point (C): Is the number of releases of determinate sentence prisoners (Table A3.1) plus thenumberofreleasesofindeterminatesentenceprisoners(TableA3.4).
ü Point (C.1): Refers to prisoners released on parole after serving a sentence of 12months ormore.Thisincludesthosereleasedafteranindeterminatesentence.
ü Point (C.2): Refers to prisoners releasedwithout supervision after serving a sentence of lessthan12months.
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDGeneral note: number of releases fell dramatically in 2013 due to a Judicial Reviewwhich led to thesuspensionofFineDefaultPrisonerscomingintoPrison.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 111
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TABLE10:TURNOVERRATIOOFINMATESIN2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.10
CountryTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember2012
Totalnumberofentriesin2013
(Table8)
Totalnumberofreleasesin2013
(Table9)
Turnoverratio(Estimatedexitrate
per100potentialexits)
Albania 4890 4557 3569 37.8
Andorra 41 108 81 54.4
Armenia 4714 NA 2531 53.7
Austria 8756 11926 11818 57.1
Azerbaijan 21034 8893 7529 25.2
Belgium 12310 18560 18395 59.6
BH:BiH(total) 2782
BH:BiH(st.level) 20
BH:Fed.BiH 1700
BH:Rep.Srpska 1062 1702 1579 57.1
Bulgaria 10663 7152 6742 37.8
Croatia 4741 11025 10911 69.2
Cyprus 930 2697 2094 57.7
CzechRep. 22644 9131 15355 48.3
Denmark 3829 14423 NA NA
Estonia 3417 2153 2345 42.1
Finland 3196 5809 5940 66.0
France 76407 89290 88203 53.2
Georgia 23227 8224 18670 59.4
Germany 69268 95574 NA NA
Greece 12479 13556 9067 34.8
Hungary 17585 32151 31320 63.0
Iceland 152 305 341 74.6
Ireland 4323 15926 16868 83.3
Italy 66271 59390 69316 55.2
Latvia 6195 12268 3768 20.4
Liechtenstein 8 68 61 80.3
Lithuania 10033 8836 NA NA
Luxembourg 659 787 792 54.8
Malta 622 673 646 49.9
Moldova 6621 2736 2406 25.7
Monaco 41 132 136 78.6
Montenegro 1229 2552 2851 75.4
Netherlands 11324 39815 40620 79.4
Norway 3551 10002 9911 73.1
Poland 84156 89063 94287 54.4
Portugal 13614 6149 5479 27.7
Romania 31883 15822 14211 29.8
RussianFed. 717400 NA 283796 39.6
SanMarino 1 9 8 80.0
Serbia 11070 25947 26277 71.0
SlovakRep. 11075 8026 7478 39.1
Slovenia 1377 3268 3220 69.3
Spain(total) 69621 50123 51814 43.3
Spain(StateAdm.) 59410 43430 45398 44.1
Spain(Catalonia) 10211 6693 6416 38.0
Sweden 6431 37506 NA NA
Switzerland 6599 53833 NA NA
theFYROMacedonia 2543 2350 2542 52.0
Turkey 120275 249057 253064 68.5
Ukraine 151122 NA 52574 34.8
UK:Engl.&Wales 86048 107318 NA NA
UK:North.Ireland 1779 4375 4280 69.5
UK:Scotland 8145 NA NA NA
Average 54.5Median 54.8Minimum 20.4Maximum 83.3
112 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE10
Table10showstheestimatedturnoverratio(per100inmateslikelytobereleased)foreachcountry.Thisratiocorrespondstotheestimatedexitrateper100potentialexits.
Rawdatausedforthecalculationsarethetotalprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2012(stock)which
was retrieved from the SPACE I 2012 report and thenumbers of entries (flowof entries) and releases
(flowofreleases)during2013weretakenfromTables8and9ofpresentreport.
Thesumofthestockandtheflowofentriesprovidesanestimationofthetotalnumberofinmateslikely
to be released during the year (i.e. the potential exits). This number is then put in relation with theeffectivenumberofreleasesduring2013.
Wearefullyawarethat,fromatheoreticalpointofview,itwouldhavebeennecessarytousetheprison
populationon1stJanuary2013(insteadof1stSeptember2012),butthisfigureisnotavailable.Onecould
note that for five countries (Azerbaijan, Latvia, Moldova, Portugal and Romania) the calculatedturnover ratios are under 30%. Nevertheless, the figures for thi five countries have been validated by
nationaladministrations.
CYPRUSü Thetotalnumberofentriesintopenalinstitutions in2013corresponds to thenumberofentries inprison
institution(2697)withoutincludingtheentriestopolicestations.Thenumberofreleasesisaswellgivenfrom prison institution (2 094). This is due to the fact that data from police stations are not available.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable10wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumber
ofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.
FRANCEü Thetotalstockwasadjustedaccordingtothestatus“écrouésdétenus”tocorrespondtotheinmateswho
aredefactoheldincustody.THENETHERLANDS
ü EntriesandreleasesincludedinTable10areentriesintopenalinstitutions.Entriesandreleasesinto/from
custodialclinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcludedfromthesefigures.
FIGURE4:COUNTRIESWITHLOWESTTURNOVERRATIOSIN2013
Figure4providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththelowestturnoverratiosper100inmatesduring
theyear2013.ThisFigureincludes22countrieswheretheratioswereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(54.8%).InSPACEI2013,thenumberofcountriesbeinginthesamesituationwas21(foramedianvalue
of56.8%).Theverylowvaluesofturnoverratiosmightbecomeanindicatorofapotentialovercrowding.
Nevertheless,formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTables8and9shouldbetakenintoaccount.
20.4
25.2
25.7
27.7
29.8
34.8
34.8
37.8
37.8
38.0
39.1
39.6
42.1
43.3
44.1
48.3
49.9
52.0
53.2
53.7
54.4
54.4
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Latvia
Azerbaijan
Moldo
va
Portugal
Romania
UK:Engl.&W
ales
Greece
Albania
Bulgaria
Spain(total)
SlovakRep
.
RussianFed.
Estonia
Spain(Catalon
ia)
Spain(StateAdm
.)
CzechRe
p.
Malta
theFYRO
Maced
onia
France
Armen
ia
Ando
rra
Poland
EuropeanMean=54.5EuropeanMedian=54.8
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 113
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE11.A:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2013,BASEDONTHETOTALNUMBEROFDAYSSPENTINPENALINSTITUTIONS
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.11.1
Country
Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal
institutionsin2013
Averagenumberofinmatesin2013
Totalnumberofentriesin2013
Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonm
ent
Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013
Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2013
Numberofentriesbeforefinal
sentencein2013
Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialimprisonm
ent
Numberofdaysspentininst.forjuvenilesin2013
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)Albania 1824270 4998 4557 13.2 720875 1975 4040 5.9 39045
Andorra 16427 45 108 5.0 9677 27 35 9.1 90
Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Austria 3264651 8944 11926 9.0 619007 1696 8599 2.4 45957
Azerbaijan NA NA 8893 NA NA NA 8037 NA NA
Belgium 4287086 11745 18560 7.6 1338105 3666 11651 3.8 39412
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska 382520 1048 1702 7.4 41245 113 425 3.2 4380
Bulgaria NA NA 7152 NA NA NA 2238 NA NA
Croatia NA NA 11025 4.7 NA NA NA NA NA
Cyprus 270378 741 2697 3.3 NA NA 1339 NA NA
CzechRep. 5981653 16388 9131 21.5 822684 2254 5254 5.1 39967
Denmark 1462847 4008 14423 3.3 553158 1516 NA NA NAP
Estonia 1239237 3395 2153 19 268009 734 1596 6 NA
Finland 1103760 3024 5809 6.2 210970 578 1990 3.5 NAP
France 24790479 67919 89290 9.1 6154200 16861 46998 4.3 77637
Georgia NA NA 8224 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Germany 24379445 66793 95574 8.4 NA NA 11260 NA NA
Greece NA NA 13556 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Hungary 10941985 29978 32151 11.2 0 0 12547 0 0
Iceland 56269 154 305 6.1 6125 17 133 1.5 NAP
Ireland 1532597 4199 15926 3.2 204582 560 3340 2.0 18927
Italy 23362468 64007 59390 12.9 8785491 24070 50519 5.7 NA
Latvia NA NA 12268 NA NA NA 7990 NA NA
Liechtenstein 3089 8 68 1.5 623 2 37 0.6 NAP
Lithuania 3494605 9574 8836 13.0 655175 1795 5879 3.7 66430
Luxembourg 254524 697 787 10.6 108291 297 638 6 1296
Malta 221'272 606 673 11 NA NA 380 NA NA
Moldova NA NA 2736 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Monaco 8695 24 132 2.2 4453 12 107 1.4 NAP
Montenegro 522213 1431 2552 6.7 134069 367 655 6.7 NA
Netherlands 3942000 10800 39815 3.3 1842520 5048 16055 3.8 Note1.1.
Norway 1336588 3662 10002 4.4 345822 947 3963 2.9 NAP
Poland NA NA 89063 NA NA NA 16157 NA NA
Portugal 5162560 14144 6149 27.6 954840 2616 2'524 12.4 NAP
Romania 14320079 39233 15822 29.8 387119 1061 1578 8.1 850084
RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
SanMarino 775 2 9 2.8 34 0 4 0.3 0
Serbia 3661315 10031 25947 4.6 820885 2249 NA NA 76091
SlovakRep. NA NA 8026 NA NA NA 2903 NA NA
Slovenia 522059 1430 3268 5.3 90666 248 847 3.5 6460
Spain(total) 24976524 68429 50123 16.4 3664812 10041 32186 3.7 NA
Spain(StateAdm.) 21325855 58427 43430 16.1 3059430 8382 28707 3.5 NA
Spain(Catalonia) 3650669 10002 6693 17.9 605382 1659 3479 5.7 NAP
Sweden 2048404 5612 37506 1.8 581009 1592 28531 0.7 NAP
Switzerland 2447121 6704 53833 1 749052 2052 16840 1.5 NA
theFYROMacedonia 1019946 2794 2350 14.3 96522 264 384 8.3 17464
Turkey NA NA 249057 NA NA NA 58640 NA NA
Ukraine NAP NA NA NA NAP NA NA NA NAP
UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA 107318 NA NAP NA 82567 NA NAP
UK:North.Ireland 676624 1854 4375 5 NA NA NA NA 10028
UK:Scotland 2862128 7841 NA NA 538656 1476 NA NA 213163
Average 9.3 4.2 Median 7.4 3.7 Minimum 1.5 0.0 Maximum 29.8 12.4
114 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE11.1
ThecalculationsmadeinTable11.1arebasedonthefollowinginputs:
Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal
institutionsin2013
Averagenumberofinmatesin2013
Totalnumberofentriesin2013
Indicatorofaveragelengthof
imprisonment
Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin
2013
Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trial
detentionin2013
Numberofentries
beforefinalsentencein
2013
Indicatorofaverage
lengthofpre-trial
imprisonment(Table8) (inmonths) (Table9) (inmonths)
(a)(b)=a/365
(c) (d)=12(b/c) (e) (f)=e/365 (g) (h)=12(f/g)
Column(i)inTable11.1ispresentedonlyforinformationandwasnotusedforanycalculation.
BELGIUMü Point (a):Thetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenal institutionsdoesnotincludetheplacement
underElectronicMonitoring(EM).ThenumberofdaysspentunderEMin2013was488391.
BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point (a): The total number of days spent in penal institutions defined in amanner that the
averagedailynumberofconvicted(923),detained(113)andjuveniles(12)whowasinthepenal
institutionsoftheRepublicofSrpskaduring2013multipliedbythenumberofdaysoftheyear.
CYPRUSü Point(a):Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013(incl.pre-trialdetention):
o 270378daysinPrisonand31221inpolicestations.
ü Indicator of average lengthof imprisonment was calculated only for prison institutionwithoutpolicestations.
DENMARKü Point(a):IncludespersonsimprisonedaccordingtoprovisionsintheDanishAliensAct.
FINLANDü Point(a):Arenotincluded55115daysspentinsupervisedprobationaryfreedom.
FRANCEü Point (a):Thenumberofdayscorrespondstothedaysspentincustodywithoutthosedaysof
supervisionoutsidepenalinstitutions.Thetotalnumberofdaysundercommunitysupervisionis
4283079daysfortheyear2013.
THENETHERLANDSü Figures included in Table 11.1 are only of penal institutions. Figures for custodial clinics,
institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.
ü Point(a):2070645daysareforsentencedprisonersandof28835daysitisunknownwhethertheyarespentbypre-trialorsentencedprisoners.
PORTUGALü Point (a): Calculations are based on the average total number of inmates (14 144) for 2013,
multipliedby365days.
ü Point (e): Forpre-trialdetention the sameproceedingwasappliedbasedon theaverageof2616detainees.
ROMANIAü Point (i): The number of days corresponds to the calculation made in the penitentiaries for
minorsandyouthaswellasinre-educationcentres.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean
values.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 115
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
UK:SCOTLANDü SPACE returns up to 2011 were completed using the Scottish Government statistical system
which isbasedondata fromtheScottishPrisonServicePR2management informationsystem.
Duetoon-goingtechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresforthe2014SPACE
return have been extracted directly from the PR2 system andwill differ slightly from figures
extracted fromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarily in termsof theamountof
detailavailableandnoaccessiblerecordeddataonflows(receptionsandliberations).
COMMENTSONTABLE11.B:
Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataon the totalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutions in2013
−heading (a) of Table 11.1− and other countries provided figures that didnot seem reliable (seenotesbelow), inTable11.2wehavecalculatedanalternative indicatorof theaverage lengthof imprisonment
(inmonths)basedonthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013,whichisusedasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofinmatesduringthatyear(source:SPACEI2013).
CYPRUSü Calculationsarebasedonthefiguresforprisoninstitution.Thisisduetothefactthatdatafrom
policestationsarenotavailable.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable
11.2wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.
FRANCEü Stock figure corresponds to the real number of thosepersons hosted insidepenal institutions
withoutthosepersonssupervisedinthecommunity.
116 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE11.B:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2013,BASEDONTHETOTALSTOCKOFINMATESINPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.11.2
CountryTotalnumberofinmateson
1stSeptember2013(SPACEI2013)
Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013
(Table8)
Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment(inmonths)
Albania 4998 4557 13.2
Andorra 47 108 5.2
Armenia 4698 NA NA
Austria 8831 11926 8.9
Azerbaijan 20327 8893 27.4
Belgium 12697 18560 8.2
BH:BiH(total)
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 1702 7.1
Bulgaria 8834 7152 14.8
Croatia 4352 11025 4.7
Cyprus 811 2697 3.6
CzechRep. 16266 9131 21.4
Denmark 4091 14423 3.4
Estonia 3256 2153 18.1
Finland 3126 5809 6.5
France 78363 89290 10.5
Georgia 8868 8224 12.9
Germany 67681 95574 8.5
Greece 13238 13556 11.7
Hungary 18313 32151 6.8
Iceland 152 305 6.0
Ireland 4065 15926 3.1
Italy 64835 59390 13.1
Latvia 5205 12268 5.1
Liechtenstein 9 68 1.6
Lithuania 9621 8836 13.1
Luxembourg 717 787 10.9
Malta 577 673 10.3
Moldova 6666 2736 29.2
Monaco 29 132 2.6
Montenegro 1142 2552 5.4
Netherlands 10547 39815 3.2
Norway 3649 10002 4.4
Poland 78994 89063 10.6
Portugal 14284 6149 27.9
Romania 33122 15822 25.1
RussianFed. 681622 NA NA
SanMarino 2 9 2.7
Serbia 10031 25947 4.6
SlovakRep. 10152 8026 15.2
Slovenia 1360 3268 5.0
Spain(total) 68099 50123 16.3
Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 43430 16.1
Spain(Catalonia) 10010 6693 17.9
Sweden 5868 37506 1.9
Switzerland 7072 53833 1.6
theFYROMacedonia 2846 2350 14.5
Turkey 136147 249057 6.6
Ukraine 151122 NA NA
UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 107318 9.4
UK:North.Ireland 1822 4375 5.0
UK:Scotland 7928 NA NA
Average 10.1Median 8.4Minimum 1.6Maximum 29.2
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 117
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TABLE12:ESCAPESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSDURING2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.12
CountryNumberof
escapesin2013(a)
Totalnumberofinmateson1st
September2013,SPACEI2013
Rateofescapesper10000prisoners
Otherformsofescapein2013
(b)
Rateofotherformsofescapes
per10000inmates
Albania 1 4998 2.0 9 18.0
Andorra 0 47 0.0 0 0.0
Armenia 0 4698 0.0 1 2.1
Austria 6 8831 6.8 23 26.0
Azerbaijan 0 20327 0.0 4 2.0
Belgium 12 12697 9.5 752 592.3
BH:BiH(total)
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska 0 1003 0.0 5 49.9
Bulgaria 5 8834 5.7 NA NA
Croatia 0 4352 0.0 24 55.1
Cyprus 0 811 0.0 0 0.0
CzechRep. 0 16266 0.0 16 9.8
Denmark 12 4091 29.3 79 193.1
Estonia 0 3256 0.0 3 9.2
Finland 14 3126 44.8 325 1039.7
France 69 78363 8.8 737 94.0
Georgia 0 8868 0.0 0 0.0
Germany 9 67681 1.3 358 52.9
Greece 11 13238 8.3 99 74.8
Hungary 0 18313 0.0 0 0.0
Iceland 0 152 0.0 5 328.9
Ireland 6 4065 14.8 27 66.4
Italy 10 64835 1.5 192 29.6
Latvia 3 5205 5.8 9 17.3
Liechtenstein 0 9 0.0 0 0.0
Lithuania 0 9621 0.0 2 2.1
Luxembourg 1 717 13.9 15 209.2
Malta 0 577 0.0 0 0.0
Moldova 5 6666 7.5 0 0.0
Monaco 0 29 0.0 0 0.0
Montenegro 4 1142 35.0 1 8.8
Netherlands 1 10547 0.9 397 376.4
Norway 12 3649 32.9 121 331.6
Poland 13 78994 1.6 222 28.1
Portugal 9 14284 6.3 69 48.3
Romania 1 33122 0.3 10 3.0
RussianFed. 11 681622 0.2 125 1.8
SanMarino 0 2 0.0 0 0.0
Serbia 1 10031 1.0 61 60.8
SlovakRep. 0 10152 0.0 1 1.0
Slovenia 4 1360 29.4 28 205.9
Spain(total) 8 68099 1.2 960 141.0
Spain(StateAdm.) 8 58089 1.4 774 133.2
Spain(Catalonia) 0 10010 0.0 186 185.8
Sweden 3 5868 5.1 135 230.1
Switzerland 26 7072 36.8 396 560.0
theFYROMacedonia 10 2846 35.1 119 418.1
Turkey 407 136147 29.9 2706 198.8
Ukraine 24 151122 1.6 98 6.5
UK:Engl.&Wales 13 83842 1.6 415 49.5
UK:North.Ireland 0 1822 0.0 NA NA
UK:Scotland 10 7928 12.6 11 13.9
Average 7.8 120.2Median 1.5 32.1Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 44.8 1039.7
118 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
NOTES–TABLE12
ü Escapes by inmates (convicted prisoners or pre-trial detainees under the supervision of the
prisonadministration) fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrative transfer (for
example,to/fromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital)during2013.
ü Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff):Examplesareescapesfromopeninstitutions
(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term
absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutionsduring2013.
The SPACE I questionnaire specifies that the countingunit for Table 12 should be the escaped person.Therefore,whennoexplicitnoteswereprovidedby thenational correspondents,weassumed that this
counting unit has been respected (i.e. Table 12 refers to persons and not to cases of escape involvingseveralprisoners).
ALBANIAü Point(b):Theseinmatesescapedduringauthorizedleaves.
BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point(b):All5escapesreferstoescapesduringweekendleaves.
DENMARKü Point (a): 12 escapes, of which 7 escaped directly from prison and 5 during transfer to/from court or
hospital.
ü Point(b):79escapes,ofwhich68abscondingfromopenprisons.Thisfiguredoesnotincludefailtoappearfromleave.
ESTONIAü Thecountingunitofpoint(b)istheevent.All3eventsimplied6persons.
FRANCEü Thecountingunitistheevent(escape),whichmightimplymanypersons.ü In2013,18escapesoccurredfromthepenalinstitutionsimplying23inmatesintheseevents.791persons
escapedwhiletheywereoutsidethepenalinstitutions(includingsentencingadjustments).
ü Escape under custodial guards: escapes from custody, during medical removals or transfers, outdoorplacement,sports’outingsandallexitssupervisedbytheprisonstaff.
ü Escape custodial guards off: escapes occurred under police guard and those including sentencingadjustments.
THENETHERLANDSü Figuresrefertothepopulationintheclosedprisons.Othercategoriesofinstitutions(forjuvenileoffenders,
forillegalaliensandcustodialclinics)arenotincludedinthisTable.
PORTUGALü Point(a):2(of9)escpaeswereonopenprisonregimeü Point (b): 69 prisoners failed to return from penitentiary leave without surveillance. In 2013, 10 164
authorisedleaveswithoutsurveillancehavebeengranted.
SLOVAKREPUBLICü Point(b):Distancingfromthefreemovementworkspaceü Therewere2escapesattempts.Oneattemptevolved5detaineesandtheotherone2.
UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Figuresprovidedarefor2013/14financialyear(1April2013to31March2014).
ü Point(b):Thenumberofotherformsofescapescorrespondstothenumberofabscondsandnon-returnsfromReleaseonTemporaryLicense.
UK:SCOTLANDü Figuresareforfinancialratherthancalendaryears(i.e.from1April2013to31March2014).
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics119
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ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE13:D
EATH
SINPEN
ALIN
STITUTIO
NSIN
2013(BYTYPEOFREG
ISTEREDDEA
TH)Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.13.1
Country
Totalnum
berofdeathsinpenal
institutionsin2013
Ofw
hichTypeofdeath
Totalnum
berofinm
ateson1
stSeptem
ber2013
Mortalityrateper10,000inm
atesPre-trialdetainees
%pre-trial
detaineesFem
ales%
females
Homicides
%
homicides
Accidents%
accidents
Drug/alcohol
intoxications
%
intoxicationsSuicides
%
suicides
Othercauses(incl.illness)
%
other
Albania13
17.7
17.7
00.0
00.0
00.0
430.8
969.2
499826.0
Andorra0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
470.0
Armenia
194
21.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
10.517
89.54698
40.4Austria
384
10.50
0.00
0.00
0.01
2.66
15.831
81.68831
43.0Azerbaijan
10211
10.82
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
2.0100
98.020327
50.2Belgium
65
1624.6
46.2
NANA
NANA
NANA
1421.5
NANA
1269751.2
BH:BiH
(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska
40
0.01
25.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0Bulgaria
322
6.30
0.00
0.00
0.02
6.34
12.50
0.02
100.0Croatia
162
12.51
6.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0Cyprus
31
33.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
100.00
0.0811
37.0CzechRep.
265
19.23
11.50
0.00
0.00
0.07
26.91
33.33
60.0Denm
ark8
337.5
112.5
00.0
00.0
450.0
337.5
1100.0
266.7
Estonia5
240.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
240.0
00.0
2100.0
Finland5
120.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
240.0
00.0
1100.0
France155
3925.2
63.9
10.6
00.0
NANA
9762.6
6100.0
3384.6
Georgia25
624.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
624.0
00.0
350.0
Germany
122NA
NA4
3.3NA
NA0
0.0NA
NA50
41.01
25.0NA
NAGreece
8228
34.16
7.38
9.80
0.02
2.44
4.9NA
NANA
NAHungary
5211
21.23
5.81
1.90
0.00
0.07
13.5NA
NA2
18.2Iceland
20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
50.00
0.00
0.0Ireland
90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
22.20
0.00
0.0Italy
15362
40.53
2.00
0.0NA
NANA
NA42
27.50
0.026
41.9Latvia
158
53.30
0.00
0.02
13.30
0.03
20.010
66.75205
28.8Liechtenstein
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.0Lithuania
487
14.61
2.11
2.11
2.10
0.012
25.034
70.89621
49.9Luxem
bourg1
1100.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
1100.0
00.0
71713.9
Malta
[5][1]
[20.0][0]
[0.0][0]
[0.0][0]
[0.0][0]
[0.0][1]
[20.0][4]
[80.0][577]
[86.7]Moldova
27NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NA6666
40.5Monaco
00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.029
0.0Montenegro
20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
100.01142
17.5Netherlands
145
35.71
7.11
7.10
0.01
7.14
28.68
57.110547
13.3Norw
ay12
1191.7
18.3
00.0
00.0
00.0
1191.7
18.3
364932.9
Poland109
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
1917.4
9082.6
7899413.8
Portugal62
NANA
23.2
00.0
00.0
00.0
1321.0
4979.0
1428443.4
120CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Totalnum
berofdeathsinpenal
institutionsin2013
Ofw
hichTypeofdeath
Totalnum
berofinm
ateson1
stSeptem
ber2013
Mortalityrateper10,000inm
atesPre-trialdetainees
%pre-trial
detaineesFem
ales%
females
Homicides
%
homicides
Accidents%
accidents
Drug/alcohol
intoxications
%
intoxicationsSuicides
%
suicides
Othercauses(incl.illness)
%
other
Rom
ania102
54.9
22.0
22.0
22.0
11.0
1918.6
7876.5
3312230.8
RussianFed.
4200396
9.4195
4.619
0.5156
3.747
1.1461
11.03'517
83.7681622
61.6SanM
arino0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
20.0
Serbia69
00.0
00.0
00.0
11.4
00.0
68.7
6289.9
1003168.8
SlovakRep.
123
25.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
33.38
66.710152
11.8Slovenia
40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
100.01360
29.4Spain(total)
22431
13.812
5.41
0.47
3.129
12.939
17.4148
66.168099
32.9Spain(StateAdm
.)162
2414.8
84.9
10.6
74.3
2616.0
2917.9
9961.1
5808927.9
Spain(Catalonia)62
711.3
46.5
00.0
00.0
34.8
1016.1
4979.0
1001061.9
Sweden
137
53.81
7.70
0.00
0.00
0.06
46.27
53.85868
22.2Sw
itzerlandNA
NANA
NANA
8NA
NANA
NANA
2NA
NANA
7072NA
theFYROMacedonia
13NA
NANA
NA0
0.01
7.70
0.01
7.711
84.62846
45.7Turkey
31445
14.33
1.03
1.0NA
NANA
NA44
14.0NA
NA136147
23.1Ukraine
792126
15.9NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NA62
7.80
0.0151122
52.4UK:Engl.&
Wales
215NA
NA6
2.84
1.9NA
NANA
NA75
34.9136
63.383842
25.6UK:North.Ireland
31
33.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
33.31822
16.5UK:Scotland
245
20.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
20.87
29.27928
30.3Average
20.8
3.1
0.6
0.8
2.2
21.3
57.8
31.5Median
15.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.9
67.9
28.0Minim
um
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0Maxim
um
100.0
25.0
9.8
13.3
50.0
100.0
100.0
131.6
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 121
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE13.1:SUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.13.2
Country
Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal
institutionsin2013
Suicides %suicides
Ofwhich:Number
offemales
%offemalesuicidesinthetotal
numberof
suicides
Ofwhich:Numberofpre-trial
detainees
%ofpre-trialdetaineesuicidesinthetotal
numberof
suicides
Totalnumberofinmateson1st
September2013
Suiciderateper10000
inmates
Albania 13 4 30.8 1 25.0 1 25.0 4998 8.0Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 47 0.0Armenia 19 2 10.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 4698 4.3Austria 38 6 15.8 0 0.0 3 50.0 8831 6.8Azerbaijan 102 2 2.0 1 50.0 2 100.0 20327 1.0Belgium 65 14 21.5 1 7.1 10 71.4 12697 11.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1003 0.0Bulgaria 32 4 12.5 0 0.0 2 50.0 8834 4.5Croatia 16 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4352 0.0Cyprus 3 3 100.0 NA NA NA NA 811 37.0CzechRep. 26 7 26.9 1 14.3 3 42.9 16266 4.3Denmark 8 3 37.5 1 33.3 2 66.7 4091 7.3Estonia 5 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 3256 6.1Finland 5 2 40.0 0 0.0 1 50.0 3126 6.4France 155 97 62.6 6 6.2 33 34.0 78363 12.4Georgia 25 6 24.0 0 0.0 3 50.0 8868 6.8Germany 122 50 41.0 1 2.0 NA NA 67681 7.4Greece 82 4 4.9 NA NA NA NA 13238 3.0Hungary 52 7 13.5 NA NA 2 28.6 18313 3.8Iceland 2 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 152 65.8Ireland 9 2 22.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 4065 4.9Italy 153 42 27.5 0 0.0 26 61.9 64835 6.5Latvia 15 3 20.0 0 0.0 2 66.7 5205 5.8Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 9 0.0Lithuania 48 12 25.0 1 8.3 3 25.0 9621 12.5Luxembourg 1 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 717 13.9Malta [5] [1] [20.0] [0] [0.0] [0] [0.0] [577] [17.3]Moldova 27 NA NA NA NA NA NA 6666 NAMonaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 0.0Montenegro 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1142 0.0Netherlands 14 4 28.6 0 0.0 2 50.0 10547 3.8Norway 12 11 91.7 1 9.1 11 100.0 3649 30.1Poland 109 19 17.4 NA NA NA NA 78994 2.4Portugal 62 13 21.0 2 15.4 NA NA 14284 9.1Romania 102 19 18.6 0 0.0 3 15.8 33122 5.7RussianFed. 4200 461 11.0 9 2.0 NA NA 681622 6.8SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0Serbia 69 6 8.7 NA NA NA NA 10031 6.0SlovakRep. 12 4 33.3 0 0.0 2 50.0 10152 3.9Slovenia 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1360 0.0Spain(total) 224 39 17.4 3 7.7 16 41.0 68099 5.7Spain(StateAdm.) 162 29 17.9 1 3.4 11 37.9 58089 5.0Spain(Catalonia) 62 10 16.1 2 20.0 5 50.0 10010 10.0Sweden 13 6 46.2 0 0.0 4 66.7 5868 10.2Switzerland NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA 7072 2.8theFYROMacedonia 13 1 7.7 NA NA NA NA 2846 3.5Turkey 314 44 14.0 0 0.0 17 38.6 136147 3.2Ukraine 792 62 7.8 0 0.0 NA NA 151122 4.1UK:Engl.&Wales 215 75 34.9 2 2.7 NA NA 83842 8.9UK:North.Ireland 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1822 0.0UK:Scotland 24 5 20.8 0 0.0 1 20.0 7928 6.3Average 23.8 4.5 33.8 7.6Median 19.3 0.0 31.3 5.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 50.0 100.0 65.8
122 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE13.2:TYPESOFDEATHSANDSUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2013
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.13.3
Country
Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedor
committedsuicideincommunityhospitals?
Ifyes,howmany?
Ofwhich:Numberoffemales
Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)?
Ifyes,howmany?
Ofwhich:Numberoffemales
Albania Yes 8 0 No *** ***Andorra Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Armenia Yes 5 0 Yes 1 0Austria Yes 6 0 Yes 0 0Azerbaijan No *** *** Yes 15 NABelgium Yes 9 1 Yes 6 1BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska No *** *** Yes 4 1Bulgaria Yes 6 0 Yes 7 0Croatia No *** *** Yes 0 0Cyprus NA *** *** NA *** ***CzechRep. Yes 8 1 Yes 0 0Denmark No *** *** No *** ***Estonia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Finland No *** *** No *** ***France Yes 11 0 No *** ***Georgia Yes 6 0 No 0 0Germany Yes NA NA No *** ***Greece Yes NA NA Yes NA NAHungary Yes 25 3 No *** ***Iceland Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Ireland No 0 0 No 0 0Italy Yes NA NA No *** ***Latvia Yes 5 0 No *** ***Liechtenstein Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Lithuania Yes 7 0 Yes 0 0Luxembourg Yes 0 0 No *** ***Malta [Yes] [3] [Yes] Moldova NA *** *** NA *** NAMonaco Yes 0 0 No 0 0Montenegro NA *** *** NA *** ***Netherlands Yes 4 0 Yes 2 0Norway No *** *** No *** ***Poland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAPortugal Yes NA NA No *** ***Romania Yes 86 2 No *** ***RussianFed. No *** *** No *** ***SanMarino Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Serbia Yes NA NA Yes 7 NASlovakRep. Yes 4 0 No *** ***Slovenia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Spain(total) Spain(StateAdm.) Yes 64 1 No *** ***
Spain(Catalonia) No *** *** Yes 10 0Sweden Yes NA NA Yes NA NASwitzerland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes 0 0 Yes 2 0
Turkey No *** *** No *** ***Ukraine Yes 379 NA No *** ***UK:Engl.&Wales Yes NA NA No *** ***UK:North.Ireland Yes 2 0 No *** ***
UK:Scotland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 123
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NOTES–TABLES13,13.1AND13.2
AUSTRIAü Since 2011 there is a special unit in the Austrian Prison Directorate, investigating and
documentingeverysuicideinAustrianprisons.
BELGIUMü Table 13.3: Deaths which occurred during the time served under Electronic Monitoring are
included in the total number of deaths. On the opposite, the deaths that occurred during theauthorisedleavesorpermissionsarenotrecorded.
BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Inthecourseof2013,all4caseswereduetodeathsduetonaturalcausesandafteranillnessin
civilhospitals,ofwhich3malesand1female.
FRANCEü Tables13.1,13.2and13.3:Areincludeddeathswhichoccurredwhileincustody.ü Table13.1:Dataaboutdeathsbydrug/alcoholintoxicationisnotyetavailable.ü Thesuicidesthatwerecommittedoutsidepenalinstitutionsareasfollowing:
o 11 suicides while the act committed inside penal institution but the death occurredoutsideinacommunityhospital;
o 86suicideswhiletheactcommittedandthedeathoccurredinsideprisono 14 suicides of the persons with the status of “écroués” but who were in external
placement(notheldinprisons)ofwhich5underElectronicMonitoring,7incommunityhospitalsand2duringauthorizedleaves.
IRELANDü Table 13.1 (Other): causeofdeathyet tobedeterminedby inquest into2deaths.2prisoners
diedinhospitalofterminalillness.ü Table13.3:In2013,therewere5recordeddeathsofprisonerswhowereontemporaryrelease.
ITALYü Except for cases of suicides and homicides, the information on the reasons of deaths is not
available.
MALTA
Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
THENETHERLANDSü Othercausesalsoincludesunknown.
SERBIAü Thedataincludespre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisonerswhodiedorcommittedsuicidein
communityhospitals,thereisnoparticularinformationavailable.
UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Causesnotestablishedin2deaths.
UK:SCOTLANDü Deathsduetoaccidentsorintoxicationarenotidentifiedseparately.ü Figuresinclude7caseswherethecausehasnotyetbeendeterminedordeathisduetoanevent
ofunderterminedintent.
124 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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In 2014, the average (mean) rate of suicides in Europe was 7.6, which is lower than the same value
observedin2013(11.2),and2012(7.7).Themedianvaluein2014was5.4,perfectlyequaltothevalueobservedin2013,andlowerthattheoneobservedin2012(6.5per10000inmates).
Thehighestsuiciderates(ofmorethan15suicidesper10000inmates) in2014wereobservedin fourcountries:Malta,Norway,CyprusandIceland.In2013therewereSlovenia,Luxembourg,andAndorrawithveryhighvalues.Thehighestrates(ofmorethan5)arepresentedintheFigurebelow.
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.8
6.8
6.8
7.3
7.4
8.0
8.9
9.1
10.0
10.2
11.0
12.4
12.5
13.9
17.3
30.1 37.0
65.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Suiciderateper10000inmates
EuropeanAverage=7.6
EuropeanMean=5.4
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics125
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ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE14:EXPEN
SESINPEN
ALIN
STITUTIO
NSIN
2013(IN€)
Row-data:a)
Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2013;
b) -//-inpre-trialdetentionin2013(€/day);
c) -//-inthecorrectionalfacilityin2013(€/day);
d) -//-inthespecialfacility/sectionforpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersin2013(€/day);
e) -//-inaninstitutionforjuvenileoffendersin2013(€/day);
f) Totalnum
berofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013(incl.pre-trialdetention);g)
Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013;
h) Num
berofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2013;Calculated:
i) Generalaverageam
ountperinmate=m
ean(b,c,d,e);j)
Averageamountperinm
ate(pre-trial&sentenced)=mean(b,c);
k) Totalam
ountlikelytohavebeenspentforallpre-trialdetaineesin2013=b*g;l)
Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforalljuvenileinm
atesin2013=e*h;m)
Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallcategoriesofinm
atesin2013=(mean[b,c,d,e])*f.
n)
TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationin2013(rawdataprovidedbythePrisonAdm
inistrations)Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.14
Country(a)
Ofw
hich:(f)
Ofw
hich:(i)
(j)(k)
(l)(m)
(n)(b)
(c)(d)
(e)(g)
(h)Albania
14.21€14.60€
12.30€46.26€
17.54€1824270
72087539045
22.68€13.50€
10546401€684849€
41379004€26081608€
Andorra213.83€
213.80€213.80€
0.00€213.80€
164279677
90160.37€
213.80€2069233€
19245€2634439€
3356004€Arm
enia9.30€
9.00€9.30€
NAP9.30€
NANA
NA9.20€
9.20€NA
NANA
13523884€Austria
106.52€NA
NA180.00€
NA3264651
61900745957
180.00€NA
NANA
587637180€405151247€
Azerbaijan11.27€
10.50€9.65€
NA54.26€
NANA
NA24.82€
10.10€NA
NANA
85005161€Belgium
BH
:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH
:Rep.Srpska29.00€
29.00€29.00€
0.00€29.00€
38252041245
438021.75€
29.00€1196105€
127020€8319810€
13271092€Bulgaria
59200000€
Croatia7.40€
6.30€9.53€
15.58€NA
NANA
NA10.46€
7.90€NA
NANA
68454858€Cyprus
60.00€60.0€
60.00€NAP
60.00€270378
NANA
60.00€60.00€
NANA
16222680€16222408€
CzechRep.48.10€
NANA
NANA
5981653822684
39967NA
NANA
NANA
288422972€Denm
ark182.00€
180.00€196.00€
NANA
1462847553158
NAP188.00€
188.00€99568440€
NAP275015236€
399500000€Estonia
33.40€NA
NAPNAP
NA1239237
268009NA
NANA
NANAP
NA44950764€
Finland170.00€
NANA
280.00€NAP
1103760210970
NAP280.00€
NANA
NAP309052800€
196520000€France
100.47€89.00€
115.32€NA
500.77€24790479
615420077637
235.03€102.20€
547662258€38878280€
5826423644€2490782492€
Georgia18.40€
18.40€18.40€
NA18.40€
NANA
NA18.40€
18.40€NA
NANA
59531738€Germ
any112.35€
NANA
NANA
24379445NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
2739082218€
126CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country(a)
Ofw
hich:(f)
Ofw
hich:(i)
(j)(k)
(l)(m)
(n)(b)
(c)(d)
(e)(g)
(h)Greece
24.37€NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NA112925385€
Hungary
28.13€NA
NA37.30€
35.10€10941985
00
36.20€NA
NA0€
396099857€186538769€
Iceland149.00€
149.00€149.00€
NAPNAP
562696125
NAP149.00€
149.00€912625€
NAP8384081€
8522631€Ireland
180.00€180.00€
180.00€180.00€
1'498.11€1532597
20458218'927
509.53€180.00€
36824760€28354728€
780900318€331265000€
Italy129.86€
NANA
NANA
233624688785491
NANA
NANA
NANA
3083931529€Latvia
18.71€NA
NANA
78.15€NA
NANA
78.15€NA
NANA
NA37576597€
Liechtenstein230.00€
315.00€315.00€
504.00€NAP
3089623
NAP378.00€
315.00€196245€
NA1167642€
1773000€Lithuania
13.81€15.50€
13.41€NAP
39.77€3494605
65517566430
22.88€14.40€
10122454€2641921€
79944914€537407320€
Luxembourg
196.51€196.50€
196.51€NAP
NAP254524
1082911296
196.51€196.50€
21280264€NA
50016511€50017440€
Malta
[50.00€][NA]
[NA][NA]
[NA][221272]
[NA][NA]
[NA][NA]
[NA][NA]
[NA][12000000€]
Moldova
7.80€4.10€
NANAP
36.52€NA
NANA
20.31€4.10€
NANA
NA18365000€
Monaco
NANA
NA786.40€
NA8695
4453NAP
786.40€NA
NANAP
6837748€NA
Montenegro
16.00€16.00€
16.00€NA
NA522213
134069NA
16.00€16.00€
2145104€NA
8355408€7626929€
Netherlands
275.00€262.00€
262.00€494.00€
547.00€3942000
1842520Note
391.25€262.00€
482740240€NA
1542307500€1023089070€
Norw
ay358.00€
NANA
NANA
1336588345822
NAPNA
NANA
NAPNA
479250000€Poland
20.41€20.40€
20.41€NAP
NAPNA
NANA
20.41€20.40€
NANA
NANA
Portugal41.45€
NANA
NANA
5162560954840
NAPNA
NANA
NANA
210831628€Rom
ania15.83€
NA16.01€
NA12.88€
14320079387119
850'08414.45€
16.00€NA
10949082€206853541€
215720285€RussianFed.
25.87€NA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NANA
NA6436427009€
SanMarino
685.00€685.00€
685.00€0.00€
685.00€775
340
513.75€685.00€
23290€0€
398156€250000€
Serbia18.39€
17.80€17.65€
22.43€40.09€
3661315820885
76'09124.50€
17.70€14644588€
3050488€89711371€
66402530€SlovakRep.
38.93€NA
NANA
35.43€NA
NANA
35.43€NA
NANA
NA148895523€
Slovenia64.00€
NANA
NANA
52205990666
6'460NA
NANA
NANA
33679918€Spain(total)
NANA
NANA
NA24976524
3664812NA
NANA
NANAP
NA1447963229€
Spain(StateAdm.)
52.59€NAP
NAPNAP
NAP21325855
3059430NA
NANA
NANAP
NA1123676078€
Spain(Catalonia)NA
NANA
NANAP
3650669605382
NAPNA
NANA
NAPNA
324287151€Sw
eden356.00€
414.00€NA
NANAP
2048404581009
NAP414.00€
414.00€240537726€
NAP848039256€
744870396€Sw
itzerlandNA
NANA
NANA
2447121749052
NANA
NANA
NANA
NAtheFYRO
Macedonia
10.00€10.00€
9.00€NA
14.00€1019946
9652217464
11.00€9.50€
965220€244496€
11219406€10238000€
Turkey18.82€
18.80€18.82€
NA18.82€
NANA
NA18.82€
18.80€NA
NANA
922016654€Ukraine
2.68€NAP
NAPNAP
NAPNAP
NAPNAP
NANA
NANA
NA88757004€
UK:Engl.&
Wales
109.72€NA
108.14€NA
307.70€NA
******
207.92€108.10€
NANA
NA3356000000€
UK:North.Ireland
NA243.00€
242.96€NA
1049.58€676624
NA10028
511.83€243.00€
NA10525188€
346318717€174017734€
UK:Scotland
107.00€107.00€
107.00€NAP
107.00€2862128
538656213163
107.00€107.00€
57636192€22808441€
306247696€350700000€
Average99.09€
126.34€116.55€
195.84€235.14€
166.88€
122.45€89945362€
9098749€489561955€
587089457€
Median
44.78€44.50€
44.50€46.26€
40.09€
69.08€44.50€
10546401€2641921€
84828142€130910454€
Minim
um
2.68€4.09€
9.00€0.00€
9.30€
9.20€4.09€
23290€0€
398156€250000€
Maxim
um
685.00€685.00€
685.00€786.00€
1498.11€
786.40€685.00€
547662258€38878280€
5826423644€6436427009€
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 127
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TABLE14.A:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHECALCULATIONOFCUSTODIALEXPENSESIN2013,INTABLE14
ü 14.1Securityü 14.2Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)ü 14.3Services(incl.maintenance,utilities,maintenanceofinmaterecords,reception,assignment,transportation,etc.)ü 14.4Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)ü 14.5Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)ü 14.6Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.)ü 14.7Other
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.14.A
Country 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoBelgium BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoBulgaria Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoCroatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCzechRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDenmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGeorgia No Yes Yes No Yes No NAGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoHungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIceland Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesItaly Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoLatvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLiechtenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes NoLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMalta Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMonaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNorway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoPoland Portugal NA NA NA NA NA NA NARomania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRussianFed. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSanMarino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoSerbia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoSlovakRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(total) Spain(StateAdm.) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(Catalonia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUkraine Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoUK:Engl.&Wales Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:North.Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:Scotland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
128 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NOTES–TABLES14AND14.A
Data included in Table 14 are not always fully comparable across countries. In order to ensure morereliablecomparisons,wepresentinTable14.Athecategorieswhichareincludedinthecalculationofthecustodial expenses by each country. Nevertheless, these figures should be used cautiously not onlybecause the definition of the categories may differ from one country to another, but also because thepurchasingpowervarieswidelyacrossEurope.
AUSTRIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Overheadsandhirecharges.
BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Table 14: Correctional institutions in RS represent a separate entity under the direct
supervisionoftheMinistryofJustice(art.9oftheLawonExecutionofCriminalSanctions).Theyhaveseparatebudgetsthatcovertheincome(wages),materialcosts,andconsumption.Thetotalbudget stated in the point (m) of Table 14 refers exclusively to the budget spent by thecorrectionalinstitutions.In2013,32271092.00euroswerespent,ofwhich:
o 9402095€inpersonalincome(wages);o 1181646€formaterialcosts;o 1210739€forfood.
ü Table14(pointa):AverageamountspentperinmateinpenalinstitutionsinRSwas58.50KM[BiHconvertiblemarks](or29€).Thisamountincludesthecostoffood,housing,maintenanceof the facilities, health services, electricity, heating, water, utilities, printing, postage andinsuranceservices.
ü Table14(pointd):ThiscategoryofinmatesisunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofHealthandSocialProtectionofRS.Therefore, there isnospecialbudget foreseen in thebudgetof thePrisonAdministrationforthesepeople.
BULGARIAü Table 14:Becauseof toomanyadjustmentsofbudget for theyear2014, itwas impossible to
provideanexactestimateofthecosts.CZECHREPUBLIC
ü Table14(pointa):Thereisadifferenceof11.70€betweentheaverageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2012(36.40€)andin2013(48.10€).ThissituationisduetothesignificantfallofthetotalnumberofinmatesfollowingthePresidentialAmnesty.
ü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Salariesof theuniformedandcivilianstaff, retirementpensionsandretirement benefits for former uniformed staff, sickness benefits of the uniformed staff,renovationandmodernizationofmovablepropertyandimmovable;securityatcourtandpublicprosecution buildings; IT services and equipment; hygienic items for prisoners; antidrugprogrammeandcrimeprevention.
ESTONIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Different investments (sportsequipment,kitchenequipmentetc.), a
lump-sumbenefitifaninmateisreleased,etc.FINLAND
ü Table14.A(point14.7):Inthiscategoryarealsoincludedrentalcosts.FRANCE
ü Table14point (e):Theexpensesofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersincludethecostsborneby the Judicial Youth Protection Directorate inherent in the functioning of this type ofestablishments(staffandoperating).
ü Table14.A (point14.7):Otherexpensescorrespondtocontributionstothecentralagencyofsocialsecurity(ACOSS).
GEORGIAü Table14.A(point14.5):Excludinginmateemployment.
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 129
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GERMANYü Table 14.A (point 14.6):Due to the federal structureof theGermanpenitentiaryservice, the
question cannot be answeredwith yes or no, since some programmesmay be includedwhileothersaresupportedbyotherfunds.
ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Theaverageamount includesall costs in connectionwith thepenalsystem(suchasstaff,constructioncosts).
GREECEü Table14.A(point14.6):Theexpensesconcernsonlythesubstanceabuseprogram.
HUNGARYü Table14.A(point14.7):PPPrent,representation,costsofdelegationstravellingabroad,taxes,
fees, other obligations, information carrier, books, periodicals, interest rate, post costs, fixedassets.
ICELANDü Table14.A(point14.6):Thedataincludetrainingandsubstanceabuseprograms.
ITALYü Table 14.A (point 14.2): The expenses for the healthcare of prisoners fall under the
responsibility of the National Healthcare Service. The Penitentiary Administration bears thecosts only in some Regions with special Statute, until the procedures are concluded fortransferringthefunctionsofpenitentiaryhealthcareprovision.
ü Table 14.A (point 14.6):Thespecificprogrammesofrehabilitation/reinstatementare fundedby theFinesFund(CassadelleAmmende), apublicbodyunder theauthorityof theMinistryofJustice.TheexpensesforeducationandforvocationaltrainingarebornebyotherinstitutionandbyLocalBodies.
LATVIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Taxes and duties: repairs and maintenance costs, capital repairs,
construction,etc.LITHUANIA
ü Table14.A(point14.7):Maintenanceandrepaircosts(partially)andeducation.LUXEMBOURG
ü Table14(pointsb&c):Asthepre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisonersareheldinthesameplace,thecostsappliedtoensurethedetentionarethesameforbothcategories.
ü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedpersonnelcosts(e.g.salaries).MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS
ü FiguresincludedinTable14refertotheadultprisonsystem.ü Table14:
• Point(a):Thisfigureisaroughestimationonthebasisofthepoints(b),(c)and(d);• Point(b):PriceofabasicplaceinaHouseofDetention(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(c):Priceofaclosedprisonplace(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(d):Priceofaplaceinoneofthe5PsychiatricPenitentiaryComplexeswhichare
meantforpre-trialandsentencedprisoners(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(g):Costsforinstanceforafuneralorthepaymentofdamages/compensation(for
peoplewhohavebeendetainedunjustly);• Point (m): The calculation is based on the expenses made in custody (adult regular
regime only). Juvenile inmates and people being treated in custodial clinics underhospitalordersareexcluded.
ü Juvenileprisoners andpeoplebeing treated in custodial clinicsunder ahospital order arenotincluded.Thereforeall theamounts fortheseadditionalcategoriesarepresented intheTable14onlyforinformation.
130 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NORWAYü Table14(pointsb&c):Therearenospecialprisonsforremanddetainees.Remandprisoners
areheldinthesameestablishmentsasconvictedprisoners.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthesegroupsseparately.
ü Table 14points (d):Thisgroupofpersons isnotbeingheld inprisonand it isnotunder theresponsibilityoftheCorrectionalService.
ü Table14points(e):Therearenospecialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.ROMANIA
ü Table14.A (point14.7):Capitalexpenditures,financingoftheExternalNon-RefundableFundand Health Insurance Fund of Defence, Public Order, National Safety and Legal Authority"CASAOPSNAJ".
SLOVAKREPUBLICü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Retirementbenefits forprisonofficersandcivilemployees,sickness
benefit forprisonofficersandcivilemployees,monetarycontributiononnaturalbelonging forprisonofficers, allowance and travel expenses after release frompre-trail detention executionandfromprisonsentenceexecution.
SLOVENIAü Table14(pointm):AlltheexpensesmadebytheNationalPrisonAdministrationareincluded
incalculationoftheaverageamountspentperdayandperinmate.ü Table14.A(point14.7):Investmentinbuildings,equipmentandvehicles.
SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Total figures presented inTable 14werenot used for the calculations of average andmedian
Europeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)
ü Table 14: The security expenses of the Police Forces and the Health Care delivered by theAutonomousCommunitieshavenotbeenincluded.
ü Table14.A (point 14.7):ThetransferstotheStateEntityPenitentiaryLabourandVocationalTraininghavebeentakenintoaccountinthisbudget.
SPAIN(CATALONIA)ü Table 14: There is no information about the average costs per day of detention because the
JusticeDepartmentisreviewingthecostallocationcriteria.SWEDEN
ü Table 14 (point a): The calculation of the average amount spent per inmate is based on theexpenses for both pre-trial and sentenced inmates. There are no special prisons for remanddetainees.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthispopulationseparately.
ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Under this heading are included the categories of overhead forHeadquarterandregionalOffices,depreciations,costsforfacilities.
THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedallexpensesmadeforconveyingthe
prisonerstocourtortootherprison.TURKEY
ü Table14(Point(a)):18.82€/day(56TL) (1€:3.0286TL).UKRAINE
ü Table14(Point(a)):2.68€/day(80.4UAH) (1€:30.00UAH).
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 131
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iii. Prison Staff
132CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE15:STA
FFWORKIN
GIN
PENALIN
STITUTIO
NSO
NTH
EBASISO
FFULL-TIM
EEQUIVA
LENTS(FTE)O
N1
STSEPTEMBER2014(N
UMBERS)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.15
Country
Total
numberof
staff
Staffatthe
nation
alprison
administration
(Head
Office)
Staffinregion
alprison
administration
offices
Otherstaff
employed
byth
eprison
adm.,
butw
ho
work
OUTSID
E
penal
institu
tions
Total
numberof
staffwork
ing
INSID
Epenal
institu
tions
Ofw
hich:
Executives(managers)ofpenal
institutions
CustodialstaffMedicaland
paramedical
staff
Staffresponsibleforassessm
entandthe
psychologists
Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(including
socialworkers,
teachers/educators,etc.)
Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining
Otherstaffworking
INSIDEpenalinstitutions
(A)(B)
(C)(D)
(E)(F)
(G)(H)
(I)(J)
(K)(L)
Albania
3766162
407NAP
319722
2825228
6062
00
Andorra
612
00
592
4313
01
00
Arm
enia
2204216
360NAP
162899
1303105
4432
NAP
45Austria
367965
NAP
NAP
361485
2977116
64105
NA
266Azerb
aijan
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Belgiu
m
BH:BiH
(total)
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed
.BiH
BH:Rep.Srp
ska
8847
NAP
NAP
8776
49218
1373
168107
Bulgaria
[4396][111]
[4285][NAP]
[0][13]
[117]
[33][314]
[NA]
Croatia
273339
00
2694156
1588111
18133
213475
Cyprus
398NA
NA
NA
3980
08
7NA
NA
NA
Czech
Rep.
10607.8175
NAP
3075.87357
1041954
4651221
1083505
Denmark
4598
275262
7623299
432437
132NA
134383
170Esto
nia
1612.032
NAP
NAP
1579.813.3
669103.5
2327
NAP
743.8Fin
land
249972
10062
226559
1362182
213176
273Fran
ce35102.7
429.31606.8
4252.928813.7
353.825234
00
0.0131.3
3094.4Georgia
3809187
NAP
NAP
362245
2228543
15918
NA
629Germ
any
36627NAP
3753
36250NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Greece
450528
334NAP
414333
3878158
27NA
NA
47Hungary
8070241
NA
NA
782964
6418458
38920
480NA
Iceland
116.216.4
70
92.83
75NAP
00
122.8
Ireland
3598.725119.43
104.4147.5
3227.42073
2565.63119.000
17.61
382.568.7
Italy44775
1361994
224440176
19736197
7526
8870
2794Latvia
2492165.0
NAP
NAP
2327.033
1638140
173.028
0315
Liechten
stein
160
00
161
150
00
00
Lithuania
347982
NAP
2823115
401984
28136
21010
554Luxem
bourg
405.255
00
400.255
2931
4.2521
35.2540.75
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics133
Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum
ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Total
numberof
staff
Staffatthe
nation
alprison
administration
(Head
Office)
Staffinregion
alprison
administration
offices
Otherstaff
employed
byth
eprison
adm.,
butw
ho
work
OUTSID
E
penal
institu
tions
Total
numberof
staffwork
ing
INSID
Epenal
institu
tions
Ofw
hich:
Executives(managers)ofpenal
institutions
CustodialstaffMedicaland
paramedical
staff
Staffresponsibleforassessm
entandthe
psychologists
Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(including
socialworkers,
teachers/educators,etc.)
Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining
Otherstaffworking
INSIDEpenalinstitutions
(A)(B)
(C)(D)
(E)(F)
(G)(H)
(I)(J)
(K)(L)
Malta
[256][NA]
[NA]
[NA]
[NA]
[NA]
[157][10]
[1][8]
[1]
Mold
ova2920
1390.0
2982483
431678
265.538
1300
328.5Monaco
[46]
[0][0]
[0][46]
[2][32]
[3][0]
[0][0]
[11]Monten
egro
46823
019
4267
12819
315
25229
Neth
erlands
11554.5281
606.5966
9700.9158.0
6303.7305.3
108.3286.7
825.81713.1
Norway
3893.954
156.396
3587.574
2469.10
00
578467
Polan
d
29354449
494422
279891750
156611689
5542181
2135941
Portu
gal6306
493572
NAP
500546
41410
0189
0629
Romania
12645277
NAP
39411974
7304252
67089
43931
5763Russian
Fed.
295963735
1632348271.65
230633.85994
60204.528794.75
3316.06778.5
18818.00111728.10
SanMarin
o
100
00
101
51
11
01
Serbia
424379
00
416438
2395278
2920
530631
Slovak
Rep.
5228145
NAP
7724311
59797
24879
300NAP
2828Slo
venia
84129
00
81254
52013
665
8272
Spain(total)29803
5163938
NAP
25349413
183971180
8661874
9811638
Spain
(StateAdm.)
24943386
3938
20619352
15263940
6501430
8701114
Spain
(Catalo
nia)
4860130
NAP
04730
613134
240216
444111
524Sw
eden
6916375
178350
6013275
4276112
31237
316766
Switzerlan
d
4102NA
NA
NA
4102381
2028275
NA
543NA
NA
theFY
ROMaced
onia
84320
NAP
0823
33570
2136
3542
86Turkey
45895248
1612159
438761318
38037540
377544
03060
Ukrain
e51183
3001364
630543214
67511805
347410
127900
26223UK:Engl.&
Wales
349701800
120710
323401260
2249060
5800
28705080
UK:North
.Ireland
1987.03196
15629
1606.04146
1325.203.19
2726.0
3247.00
UK:Sco
tland
4345569
43975
326288
24540
56478
0186
134 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NOTES–TABLE15
AZERBAIJANü According to the legislation, data on the penitentiary institution staff are classified as secret
information.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)
ü Point (B): The central prison administration in this case is the Department for execution ofcriminalsanctionswithintheMinistryofJusticeofRepublikaSrpska.
BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA
ü Points (I) and (J): Some of the staff responsible for educational activities (point J) is alsoresponsiblefortheassessment(pointI)andsomeofthemarealsopsychologists.
CYPRUSü AllfiguresconcernonlythePrisoninstitutionwithoutpolicestations.
CZECHREPUBLICü Point (A):Thetotalnumberofstaff includes20femaleuniformedstaffonmaternityleaveand
30 staff members on long-term sickness leave. Total number of staff does not include 106members of uniformed staff as reserve (not permanently at work), 67 civilians onmaternity/family leaves, and 6 other staff members not permanently at work for differentreasons.
ü Point(D):PrisonServiceAcademy;judicialguardsatcourts;escortstaffmembers,supportstaffü Points(I)and(J):Thesamepeopleareresponsibleforeducationandassessment.Thiscategory
ofstaffincludesteachers,educators,therapists,psychologists,socialworkers FINLAND
ü ThefiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheCriminalSanctionsAgencyin2014.
ü Point(D):IncludesTrainingInstituteforPrisonandProbationServicesandEnforcementUnit.GEORGIA
ü Figuresareon8thAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2014ü Point(J):IncludesdataaboutstaffempoyedbytheMinistryofeducationandscienceorbythe
contractedorganisations.Therefore,thedataisn'tavailable.ICELAND
ü Figuresfrompoints(I)and(J)areincludedaswellinthepoint(B).Therefore,thereisavisiblediscrepancyof4persons.
ITALYü Point(A):38331employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(B):989employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(C):608employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(D):537employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point (H):Figures includesnursesemployed inSicily,where thehealthcare staffdidnot shift
under thecompetenceof theMinistryofHealthyet(in termsofDecreeof thePresidentof theCouncilofMinistersof1stApril2008).
LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014,insteadof1stSeptember2014.
MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 135
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MONACO
Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].NORWAY
ü Points(H),(I)and(J):Notemployedbythepenalinstitutions.ü Point(L):Administrativestaffanddrugdogshandlers.
PORTUGALDataaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbythePenitentiaryAdministrationon31stDecember2013.
ü Point (A): Total number of staff includes personnel assigned to the Prison Administration aswellas thoseworking in theProbationandInsertionService(seenotes toTable5ofSPACEII2014).Underthisheadingareincluded236employeesappointedtoeducationcenters,thatarenotincludedinanyofthefollowingheadings.
ü Point (C):Under this heading are countedpersonnel appointed to48differentProbation andInsertionteams.
ü Point (J): InSPACEI2012,underthisheadingwas includedtechnicalpersonnelof theformerPrisonService.Inpresentreport,areaccountedalltechnicalstaffworkinginpenalinstitutions.
ROMANIAü Point (A): Figures include 115 employees onmaternity licence and 12 employees afected to
institutionsoutsidethepenitentiaryestablishmentü Point(C):StaffattheNationalTrainingSchoolofPenitentiaryAgentsinTârguOcna,theTraining
CentreforPrisonOfficersinArad,theVocationalTrainingandRecreationCentreforPrisonStaffinSovata,theHotelstaffinEforieSud,theSupplyManagementandRepairCentre-BucharestJilavaandtheUnitofsurveillanceandescortsforinmatestobetransferred.
ü Point (G):Figurerelatesonlytopersonnelwhohaveresponsibilitiesofsurveillanceinprisonsand responsibilities of escorting inmates outside prisons (to hospitals, to judicial authorities,externalworkunits).
ü Point(I):Amongothercategoriesofstaff,thereisapartofthoseworkingintheareaofsecuritydetentionandprisonregime,thereareunitswherestaffprovidesactivitieshavingdirectcontactwith inmates, e.g. receptionand recordsof inmates inpenal institutions, etc. on1st September2013,therewere3310peopleemployedtoperformsuchduties.
136 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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TABLE15.1:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.15.1
CountryTotalnumber
ofstaff Total%(sum)
%ofstaffatthenationalprison
administration
%ofstaffinregionalprison
administrationoffices
%ofotherstaff
employedbyPA,workingoutsidepenalinstitutions
%ofstaffworkinginside
penalinstitutions
Albania 3766 100.0 4.3 10.8 NAP 84.9Andorra 61 100.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 96.7Armenia 2204 100.0 9.8 16.3 NAP 73.9Austria 3679 100.0 1.8 NAP NAP 98.2Azerbaijan NA *** NA NA NA NABelgium BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 884 100.0 0.8 99.2Bulgaria 4396 100.0 2.5 97.5 NAP 0.0Croatia 2733 100.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 98.6Cyprus 398 100.0 NA NA NA 100.0CzechRep. 10608 100.0 1.6 NAP 29.0 69.4Denmark 4598 100.0 6.0 5.7 16.6 71.7Estonia 1612 100.0 2.0 NAP NAP 98.0Finland 2499 100.0 2.9 4.0 2.5 90.6France 35103 100.0 1.2 4.6 12.1 82.1Georgia 3809 100.0 4.9 NAP NAP 95.1Germany 36627 100.0 NAP 1.0 0.0 99.0Greece 4505 100.0 0.6 7.4 NAP 92.0Hungary 8070 100.0 3.0 NA NA 97.0Iceland 116 100.0 14.1 6.0 0.0 79.9Ireland 3599 100.0 3.3 2.9 4.1 89.7Italy 44775 100.0 3.0 2.2 5.0 89.7Latvia 2492 100.0 6.6 NAP NAP 93.4Liechtenstein 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 3479 100.0 2.4 NAP 8.1 89.5Luxembourg 405 100.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 98.8Malta 256 *** NA NA NA NAMoldova 2920 100.0 4.8 0.0 10.2 85.0Monaco 46 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 468 100.0 4.9 0.0 4.1 91.0Netherlands 11555 100.0 2.4 5.2 8.4 84.0Norway 3894 100.0 1.4 4.0 2.5 92.1Poland 29354 100.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 95.3Portugal 6306 96.3 7.8 9.1 NAP 79.4Romania 12645 100.0 2.2 NAP 3.1 94.7RussianFed. 295963 100.0 0.2 5.5 16.3 77.9SanMarino 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Serbia 4243 100.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 98.1SlovakRep. 5228 100.0 2.8 NAP 14.8 82.5Slovenia 841 100.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 96.6Spain(total) 29803 100.0 1.7 13.2 NAP 85.1Spain(StateAdm.) 24943 100.0 1.5 15.8 0.0 82.7Spain(Catalonia) 4860 100.0 2.7 NAP 0.0 97.3Sweden 6916 100.0 5.4 2.6 5.1 86.9Switzerland 4102 100.0 NA NA NA 100.0theFYROMacedonia 843 100.0 2.4 NAP 0.0 97.6Turkey 45895 100.0 0.5 3.5 0.3 95.6Ukraine 51183 100.0 0.6 2.7 12.3 84.4UK:Engl.&Wales 34970 100.0 5.1 0.3 2.0 92.5UK:North.Ireland 1987 100.0 9.9 7.9 1.5 80.8UK:Scotland 4345 100.0 13.1 10.1 1.7 75.1Average 3.4 6.9 4.7 88.4Median 2.5 2.9 1.9 92.1Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 14.1 97.5 29.0 100.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 137
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TABLE15.2:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.15.2
Country
Totalnum
ber
ofstaff
working
INSIDEpenal
institutions
Total%
(sum
)
%Executives
(managers)of
penal
institutions
%Custodial
staff
%Medical
and
paramedical
staff
%Staff
responsible
for
assessment
andthe
psychologists
%Staff
responsible
foreducation
activities
%Staff
responsible
forworkshops
orvocational
training
%Otherstaff
Albania 3197 100.0 0.7 88.4 7.1 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0Andorra 59 100.0 3.4 72.9 22.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0Armenia 1628 100.0 6.1 80.0 6.4 2.7 2.0 NAP 2.8Austria 3614 100.0 2.4 82.4 3.2 1.8 2.9 7.4Azerbaijan NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 100.0 0.7 56.1 2.1 1.5 8.3 19.2 12.2Bulgaria … … … … … … … … …Croatia 2694 100.0 5.8 58.9 4.1 0.7 4.9 7.9 17.6Cyprus 398 100.0 1.3 94.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0CzechRep. 7357 100.0 1.4 26.6 6.3 16.6 1.5 47.6Denmark 3299 100.0 1.3 73.9 4.0 NA 4.1 11.6 5.2Estonia 1580 100.0 0.8 42.3 6.5 1.5 1.7 NA 47.1Finland 2265 100.0 2.6 60.1 8.0 9.4 7.8 12.1France 28814 100.0 1.2 87.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.7Georgia 3622 100.0 1.2 61.5 15.0 4.4 0.5 NA 17.4Germany 36250 *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 4143 100.0 0.8 93.6 3.8 0.7 NA NA 1.1Hungary 7829 100.0 0.8 82.0 5.9 5.0 0.3 6.1 NAIceland 93 100.0 3.2 80.8 NA 0.0 0.0 12.9 3.0Ireland 3227 100.0 2.3 79.5 3.7 0.5 0.0 11.9 2.1Italy 40176 100.0 0.5 90.1 0.2 0.1 2.2 0.0 7.0Latvia 2327 100.0 1.4 70.4 6.0 7.4 1.2 0.0 13.5Liechtenstein 16 100.0 6.3 93.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 3115 100.0 1.3 63.7 9.0 1.2 6.7 0.3 17.8Luxembourg 400 100.0 1.2 73.2 0.2 1.1 5.2 8.8 10.2Malta NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMoldova 2483 100.0 1.7 67.6 10.7 1.5 5.2 0.0 13.2Monaco [46] [104.3] [4.3] [69.6] [6.5] [0.0] [0.0] [0.0] [23.9]Montenegro 426 100.0 1.6 30.0 4.5 0.7 3.5 5.9 53.8Netherlands 9701 100.0 1.6 65.0 3.1 1.1 3.0 8.5 17.7Norway 3588 100.0 2.1 68.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 13.0Poland 27989 100.0 6.3 56.0 6.0 2.0 7.8 0.8 21.2Portugal 5005 100.0 0.9 82.7 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 12.6Romania 11974 100.0 6.1 35.5 5.6 0.7 3.7 0.3 48.1RussianFed. 230634 100.0 0.4 26.1 12.5 1.4 2.9 8.2 48.4SanMarino 10 100.0 10.0 50.0 10. 10. 10. 0.0 10.0Serbia 4164 100.0 0.9 57.5 6.7 7.0 0.0 12.7 15.2SlovakRep. 4311 100.0 1.4 18.5 5.8 1.8 7.0 NAP 65.6Slovenia 812 100.0 6.7 64.0 1.6 0.7 8.0 10.1 8.9Spain(total) 25349 100.0 1.6 72.6 4.7 3.4 7.4 3.9 6.5Spain(StateAdm.) 20619 100.0 1.7 74.0 4.6 3.2 6.9 4.2 5.4Spain(Catalonia) 4730 100.0 1.3 66.3 5.1 4.6 9.4 2.3 11.1Sweden 6013 100.0 4.6 71.1 1.9 0.5 3.9 5.3 12.7Switzerland 4102 *** 9.3 49.4 6.7 NA 13.2 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 823 100.0 4.0 69.3 2.6 4.4 4.3 5.1 10.4Turkey 43876 100.0 3.0 86.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.0 7.0Ukraine 43214 100.0 1.6 27.3 8.0 0.0 0.3 2.1 60.7UK:Engl.&Wales 32340 100.0 3.9 69.5 0.2 1.8 0.0 8.9 15.7UK:North.Ireland 1606 100.0 9.1 82.5 0.2 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.9UK:Scotland 3262 100.0 2.7 75.2 0.0 1.7 14.7 0.0 5.7Average 2.9 66.1 4.9 2.4 3.7 4.9 16.7Median 1.7 69.5 4.5 1.4 2.9 3.3 12.1Minimum 0.4 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 10.0 94.2 22.0 16.6 14.7 19.2 65.6
138 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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NOTES–TABLES15.1AND15.2
InTable15.2, there isone country,Monaco, inwhich the totalpercentageof staffworking inside penalinstitutions is higher than 100. These figures are presented between brackets. Formore details on theinputs,seenotestoTable15.Foronecountry(Bulgaria)apartofinputsweredeletedfromthereport,becausethesedataseemedtobeunreliable.
FIGURE5:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014,PERCENTAGES
OnFigure5alldataaresortedaccordingtothepercentageofcustodialstaff.
Themedian value of custodial staff employed in all examined countries is 69.5% in the total of staffworking inside penal institutions. Yet, it is important to keep inmind,while performing cross-nationalcomparisons, that inmany countries custodial staff is in chargeofmultiple institutionalduties, such asvocationaltrainingandeducationactivities.
Thepartofcustodialstaffgoesfrom18.5%inSlovakRepublicto94.2%inCyprus.Giventhisobservation,onemaystatethatthediversityofbreakdownsledtoaverylargedefinitionofwhatshouldbeconsideredasdutyofcustodialstaff. It isvery likely thatamongpersonnel therecouldbepeopleperformingmuchmoreactivitiesthanjustactivitiesdirectlyrelatedtoinstitutionalsecurityissues.
Methodologicallimitation:
Forthefollowingtwocountriesonlymergedcategoriesareavailable:
ü In Czech Republic & Finland: merged categories are staff responsible for assessment andpsychologists+staffresponsibleforeducationactivities.
18.5
26.1
26.6
27.3
30.0
35.5
42.3 49.4
50.0
56.0
56.1
57.5
58.9
60.1
61.5
63.7
64.0
65.0
66.3
67.6
68.8
69.3
69.5
69.6
70.4
71.1
72.6
72.9
73.2
73.9
74.0
75.2
79.5
80.0
80.8
82.0
82.4
82.5
82.7
86.7
87.6
88.4
90.1
93.6
93.8
94.2
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
SlovakRep
.Ru
ssianFed.
CzechRe
p.
Ukraine
Mon
tene
gro
Romania
Estonia
Switzerland
SanMarino
Poland
BH
:Rep
.Srpska
Serbia
Croaaa
Finland
Georgia
Lithuania
Sloven
ia
Nethe
rland
sSpain(Catalon
ia)
Moldo
va
Norway
theFYRO
Maced
onia
UK:Engl.&W
ales
Mon
aco
Latvia
Swed
en
Spain(total)
Ando
rra
Luxembo
urg
Denm
ark
Spain(StateAdm
.)UK:Scotla
nd
Ireland
Armen
ia
Iceland
Hungary
Austria
UK:North.Ireland
Po
rtugal
Turkey
France
Albania
Italy
Greece
Liechten
stein
Cyprus
%custodialstaff %execuaves(managers)ofpenalinsatuaons
%medicalandparamedicalstaff %staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists
%staffresponsibleforeducaaonacaviaes %staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocaaonaltraining
%otherstaff
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics139
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ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7
TABLE16:STA
FF(FTE)WORKIN
GIN
PENALIN
STITUTIO
NSBU
TNOTEM
PLOYED
BYTHEPRISO
NAD
MINISTRATIO
NON1
STSEPTEMBER2014
(NUMBERSAN
DPERCEN
TAGES)
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.16
Country
Totalnum
berofstaff
Total%
(sum)
Teachersand
educators
%Teachersand
educators
Doctorsand
healthcarestaff
%Doctorsand
healthcarestaff
Securitystaffandperim
eterguards
%Securitystaffandperim
eterguards
Probationstaffandsocialworkers
%
Probationstaffandsocialworkers
Others
%Others
(a)(a.1)
(b)(b.1)
(c)(c.1)
(d)(d.1)
(e)(e.1)
(f)(f.1)
AlbaniaNAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***Andorra
15100
16.7
1386.7
00.0
16.7
00.0
Armenia
72100
1013.9
1520.8
NAP***
NAP***
4765.3
Austria165.72
1002.53
1.5119.38
72.00
0.018.21
11.025.6
15.4Azerbaijan
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
Belgium
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
BH:BiH
(total)
BH
:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH
:Rep.Srpska
3100
0
3100.0
0
0
0
Bulgaria116
100116
100.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0Croatia
37100
616.2
1848.6
NAP***
NAP***
1335.1
Cyprus18
1001
5.615
83.3NAP
***2
11.1NAP
***CzechR
ep.2
100NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***2
100.0Denm
arkNA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***Estonia
NA***
NA***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
FinlandNA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***France
GeorgiaNAP
NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***Germ
any1842.39
100378.64
20.6244.42
13.3101.15
5.5291.81
15.8826.37
44.9Greece
NA***
NA***
152***
3878***
119NA
NANA
Hungary
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NANA
NANA
Iceland9.2
1007
76.12.2
23.90
0.00
0.00
0.0Ireland
257.77100
242.7794.2
155.8
00.0
00.0
00.0
Italy21
100NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
NA21
100.0Latvia
247100
247100.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
00.0
Liechtenstein5
1001
20.02
40.00
0.02
40.00
0.0
140CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem
ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7
PC-CP(2015)7
Country
Totalnum
berofstaff
Total%
(sum)
Teachersand
educators
%Teachersand
educators
Doctorsand
healthcarestaff
%Doctorsand
healthcarestaff
Securitystaffandperim
eterguards
%Securitystaffandperim
eterguards
Probationstaffandsocialworkers
%
Probationstaffandsocialworkers
Others
%Others
(a)(a.1)
(b)(b.1)
(c)(c.1)
(d)(d.1)
(e)(e.1)
(f)(f.1)
Lithuania440
100247
56.13
0.7NAP
***NA
NA190
43.2Luxem
bourg140
10012
8.661
43.60
0.07
5.060
42.9Malta
256100
83.1
103.9
15861.7
10.4
7930.9
Moldova
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
Monaco
30100
1963.3
310.0
NAP***
13.3
723.3
Montenegro
52100
00.0
917.3
4076.9
00.0
35.8
Netherlands
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
Norw
ay395
100275
69.6120
30.4NAP
***NAP
***0
0.0Poland
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
PortugalNAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***Rom
ania470
100331
70.4NAP
***NAP
***70
14.969
14.7RussianFed.
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
SanMarino
9100
111.1
222.2
555.6
111.1
00.0
Serbia58
1002
3.450
86.20
0.00
0.06
10.3SlovakR
ep.NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***Slovenia
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
Spain(total)NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***Spain(StateAdm
.)NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***NA
***Spain(Catalonia)
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
Sweden
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
Switzerland
407***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
theFYROMacedonia
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
TurkeyNA
***NA
***NA
***NAP
***NAP
***NAP
***Ukraine
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
NAP***
UK:Engl.&
Wales
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
UK:North.Ireland
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
NA***
UK:Scotland
1408100
15410.9
66347.1
00.0
14910.6
44231.4
Average
35.8
36.0
14.3
7.6
24.5Median
16.2
23.9
0.0
5.0
14.7
Minim
um
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Maxim
um
100.0
100.0
76.9
40.0
100.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 141
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NOTES–TABLE16
AZERBAIJAN
ü According to the legislation, data on the penitentiary institution staff ARE classified as secret
information.
BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)
ü Point (c): Six penitentiary establishments in Republika Srpska employ or hire permantely 3doctors. However, 3 more doctors (not included in the figures) are employed for a certain
numberof hours on adaily basis or a certainnumberof daysperweekbasedonApart time
contract. FRANCE
Warning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason, and because dataseemedtobetotallyunreliable,figureswereexcludedfromthepresentreport.
GREECE
ü Point(e):Figuresreferonlytoprobationstaff.
IRELAND
ü Point(b):TeachersarepaidbytheDepartmentofEducation.
ü Point(c):15suchstaff,compriseof5locumdoctorsand10agencynurses. MONACO
ü Point(c):2psychiatristsand1psychologist.
NORWAY
ü Point(e):Therearenofixedallotmentsregardingvisitsbytheprobationserviceandnoreliable
estimatecanbemade.
ü Point (f):Employees fromSocialSecuritymakeasizablecontributionbut theirwork isnotat
present formalised. Estimates would be unreliable. Their tasks: advising and helping with
applicationsforbenefits,housing,employmentetc.
SERBIA
ü Point(f):Figuresinclude2barbers,1hairdresser,1janitor,1manson,and1repairerofsewing
machines.
SPAIN(CATALONIA)
ü Becauseofprovisionallackofstaffresourceshasnotbeenpossibletoaccuratelydeterminethe
numberofpeoplefromotherdepartments(education,health,interior..)workingfortheprison
system.
UK:ENGL.&WALES
ü Information about these staff members is not held by prison administration, as they are
employeedbyotherorganisations.
142 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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FIGURE6:HIGHESTRATIOSOFINMATESPERONECUSTODIANON1STSEPTEMBER2014
COMMENTSTOTABLE17
ThetotalnumberofinmatesusedinthisTableisbasedonthenon-adjustedfiguresprovidedinTable1.
For Cyprus the total number of inmates corresponds to the number of those held in prison (without
policestations).Thisisduetothefactthatthenumberofstaffisavailableonlyforprisoninstitution.For
Cyprus and two other countries (Bulgaria andMonaco) the data validation procedure could not be
achieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].
The number of inmates for France is based on the number of those who are de facto held in penal
institutionsexcludingallthosewhohavethestatusof“écroués”butwhoarenotheldincustody.
ManyfigurescalculatedinTable17areestimates,andthereforetheymustbeusedwithcaution.Formore
detailsonthefiguresusedinthisTable,seenotestoTables15to16.
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0Arm
enia
France
Greece
UK:Scotland
Portugal
Switzerland
Spain(total)
Malta
Spain(StateAdm
.)
UK:Engl.&W
ales
Turkey
Moldo
va
Serbia
Estonia
Lithuania
Geo
rgia
Poland
theFYRO
Maced
onia
Romania
Ukraine
Mon
tene
gro
CzechRe
p.
RussianFed.
SlovakRep
.
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
4.0 4.3
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6 4.9 5.5
7.4 7.8 8.3 9.5 11
.1 12.8
EuropeanMean=3.6EuropeanMedian=3.0
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 143
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TABLE17:RATIOOFINMATESPERCATEGORIESOFSTAFFON1STSEPTEMBER2014
Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.17
Country
Total
numberof
inmates
(incl.pre-
trial
detainees)
Custodial
staff
(a)
Ratioinmatesper
custodian
Medical
and
paramedic
alstaff
(b)
Staff
responsibl
efor
assessmen
tandthe
psychologi
sts
(c)
Staff
responsibl
efor
education
activities
(d)
Staff
responsibl
efor
workshops
or
vocational
training
(e)
Sum
“other”
(sumfrom
(a)to(e)
Ratioinmatesperotherstaff
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Albania 5440 2825 1.9 228 60 62 0 350 15.5
Andorra 53 43 1.2 13 0 1 0 14 3.8
Armenia 3979 1303 3.1 105 44 32 NAP 181 22.0
Austria 8857 2977 3.0 116 64 105 NA 285 31.1
Azerbaijan 22579 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0.0
Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
BH:BiH(total)
BH:BiH(st.level)
BH:Fed.BiH
BH:Rep.Srpska 940 492 1.9 18 13 73 168 272 3.5
Bulgaria [7870] [0] [0.0] [117] [33] [314] [NA] [464] [17.0]
Croatia 3763 1588 2.4 111 18 133 213 475 7.9
Cyprus [681] [375] [1.8] [0] [0] [0] [18] [18] [37.8]
CzechRep. 18658 1954 9.5 465 1221 108 1794 10.4
Denmark 3583 2437 1.5 132 NA 134 383 649 5.5
Estonia 2962 669 4.4 103 23 27 NAP 154 19.3
Finland 3097 1362 2.3 182 213 176 571 5.4
France 77739 25234 3.1 0 0 0 131 131 592.1
Georgia 10233 2228 4.6 543 159 18 NA 720 14.2
Germany 65710 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0.0
Greece 12006 3878 3.1 158 27 NA NA 185 64.9
Hungary 18270 6418 2.8 458 389 20 480 1347 13.6
Iceland 154 75 2.1 NAP 2 2 12 16 9.6
Ireland 3829 2566 1.5 119 18 1 383 520 7.4
Italy 54252 36197 1.5 75 26 887 0 988 54.9
Latvia 4809 1638 2.9 140 173 28 0 341 14.1
Liechtenstein 8 15 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
Lithuania 8977 1984 4.5 281 36 210 10 537 16.7
Luxembourg 656 293 2.2 1 4 21 35 62 10.7
Malta 571 157 3.6 10 1 8 1 20 28.6
Moldova 7166 1678 4.3 266 38 130 0 434 16.5
Monaco [28] [32] [0.9] [3] [0] [0] [0] [3] [9.3]
Montenegro 1058 128 8.3 19 3 15 25 62 17.1
Netherlands 9857 6304 1.6 305 108 287 826 1526 6.5
Norway 3718 2469 1.5 0 0 578 467 1045 3.6
Poland 77371 15661 4.9 1689 554 2181 213 4637 16.7
Portugal 14003 4141 3.4 0 0 189 0 189 74.1
Romania 31637 4252 7.4 670 89 439 31 1229 25.7
RussianFed. 671027 60205 11.1 28795 3316 6779 18818 57707 11.6
SanMarino 4 5 0.8 1 1 1 0 3 1.3
Serbia 10288 2395 4.3 278 292 0 530 1100 9.4
SlovakRep. 10179 797 12.8 248 79 300 NAP 627 16.2
Slovenia 1522 520 2.9 13 6 65 82 166 9.2
Spain(total) 65931 18397 3.6 1180 866 1874 981 4901 13.5
Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 15263 3.7 940 650 1430 870 3890 14.5
Spain(Catalonia) 9540 3134 3.0 240 216 444 111 1011 9.4
Sweden 5861 4276 1.4 112 31 237 316 696 8.4
Switzerland 6923 2028 3.4 275 NA 543 NA 818 8.5
theFYROMacedonia 3116 570 5.5 21 36 35 42 134 23.3
Turkey 151451 38037 4.0 540 377 544 0 1461 103.7
Ukraine 92290 11805 7.8 3474 10 127 900 4511 20.5
UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 22490 3.8 60 580 0 2870 3510 24.4
UK:North.Ireland 1860 1325 1.4 3 27 26 32 88 21.2
UK:Scotland 7879 2454 3.2 0 56 478 0 534 14.8
Average 3.6 30.0
Median 3.0 14.2
Minimum 0.0 0.0
Maximum 12.8 592.1
144 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014
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List of Tables and Figures CONVENTIONS USED ................................................................................................................................................ 21
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ........................................................................................................................ 21
A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS . 26
TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................................. 36
TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1 ............................................. 37
TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (BY CATEGORIES) ................................... 45
FIGURE 1.A: COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 000 INHABITANTS (HIGHEST PRISON POPULATION RATES) ...................................................................................................................................... 50
FIGURE 1.B: COUNTRIES WITH PRISON POPULATION OVERCROWDING (MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 PLACES) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50
TABLE 1.3: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPT. 2014: ADJUSTED FIGURES ....................................... 51
TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 BY DECREASING PRISON POPULATION RATES (NON-ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES) ..................................................................................... 52
TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2014 ......................................................... 54
TABLE 1.6: YEAR-TO-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN 2013 AND 2014 ....... 56
TABLE 2: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 58
TABLE 2.1.: MINORS AND PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................. 59
TABLE 2.2: MINORS AMONG INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................. 60
FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY DECREASING MEDIAN AGE ............................................................................................................................. 63
TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 .......................... 63
TABLE 3.A: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ......................................................................................... 64
TABLE 3.B: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................................. 67
TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................................ 70
TABLE 4.A: ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGAL ALIENS HELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REASONS AMONG FOREIGN
INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................................................................................. 72
TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....................................... 75
TABLE 5.1: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 81
TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....... 84
TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 85
TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) 90
CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 145
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TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) .............................................................................................................................................. 96
TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................................... 97
TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................................................. 98
FIGURE 3: COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR ............ 99
TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 .............................................................................. 101
TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ...................................................................... 105
TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2013 .............................................................................................. 111
FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2013 ......................................................................... 112
TABLE 11.A: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2013, BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................ 113
TABLE 11.B: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2013, BASED ON THE TOTAL STOCK OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 .......................................................................... 116
TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2013 ............................................................................. 117
TABLE 13: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH) ....................................... 119
TABLE 13.1: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ........................................................................................ 121
TABLE 13.2: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ................................................... 122
TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 (IN €) ................................................................................ 125
TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN 2013, IN TABLE 14 ...... 127
TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....................................................................................................................... 132
TABLE 15.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ................................................................................................................ 136
TABLE 15.2: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ........................................................................................................... 137
FIGURE 5: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014, PERCENTAGES ...................... 138
TABLE 16: STAFF (FTE) WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT EMPLOYED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATION ON
1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................... 139
FIGURE 6: HIGHEST RATIOS OF INMATES PER ONE CUSTODIAN ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ...................................... 142
TABLE 17: RATIO OF INMATES PER CATEGORIES OF STAFF ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................. 143