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COSTS

Sample Multiple-Choice Questions1. Which of the following is an example of an explicit cost?a) The wages a proprietor could have made by woring as an employee of a large firm.

b) The income that could have been earned in alternative uses by the resources owned by the firm.

c) The payment of wages by the firm.d) The normal profit earned by a firm.

!. Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost?

a) "nterest that could have been earned on retained earnings used by the firm to finance expansion.b) The payment of rent by the firm for the building in which it is housed.

c) The interest payment made by the firm for funds borrowed from a ban.

d) The payment of wages by the firm.

#. To economists$ the main difference between the short run and the long run is that%

a) in the short run all inputs are fixed$ while in the long run all inputs are variable.

b) in the short run the firm varies all of its inputs to find the least&cost combination of inputs.c) in the short run$ at least one of the firm's input levels is fixed.

d) in the long run$ the firm is maing a constrained decision about how to use existing plant and e(uipment

efficiently.

. Which of the following is the best definition of the production function?

a) The relationship between maret price and (uantity supplied.

b) The relationship between the firm's total revenue and the cost of production.c) The relationship between the (uantity of inputs needed to produce a good and the level of output.

d) The relationship between the (uantity of inputs and the firm's marginal cost of production.

*. The law of diminishing returns applies to%

a) the short run$ but not the long run. c) both the short run and the long run.

b) the long run$ but not the short run. d) neither the short run nor the long run.

+. ,iminishing returns occur%a) when units of a variable input are added to a fixed input and total product falls.

b) when units of a variable input are added to a fixed input and marginal product falls.c) when the si-e of the plant is increased in the long run.

d) when the (uantity of the fixed input is increased and returns to the variable input fall.

. Which of the following is not a determinant of the firm's cost functions?a) The production function. c) Taxes.

b) The price of labor. d) The price of the firm's output.

/. Which of the following statements is correct concerning the relationships among the firm's total cost

functions?

a) T0 T20 & T30 c) T20 T0 & T30

b) T30 T20 & T0 d) T0 T30 4 T20

5. 6uppose output increases in the short run. Total cost will%

a) increase due to an increase in fixed costs only.b) increase due to an increase in variable costs only.

c) increase due to an increase in both fixed and variable costs.

d) decrease if the firm is in the region of diminishing returns.

17. 8arginal cost is defined as%

a) the change in total cost due to a one unit change in output.

b) total cost divided by output.c) the change in output due to a one unit change in an input.

d) total product divided by the (uantity of input.

11. The upward&sloping part of the short&run marginal cost function is due to%

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a) marginal product rising as units of a variable input are added to a fixed input.

b) marginal product falling as units of a variable input are added to a fixed input.

c) the change in total product rising as units of a variable input are added to a fixed input.d) the upward&sloping part of the production function.

1!. Which of the following is true of the relationship between the marginal cost function and the average cost

functions?

a) "f 80 is greater than 9T0$ then 9T0 is falling.b) The 9T0 curve intersects the 80 curve at minimum 80.

c) The 80 curve intersects the 9T0 curve at minimum 9T0.d) "f 80 is less than 9T0$ then 9T0 is increasing.

1. Which of the following statements is true of the relationship among the average cost functions?

a) 9T0 920 & 930 c) 920 9T0 : 930b) 930 920 : 9T0 d) 920 9T0 4 930

1*. ;ow will an increase in taxes on a firm's output affect the firm's cost functions?a) The marginal cost curve will shift up and the average total cost curve will shift down.

b) The marginal cost curve will shift down and the average total cost curve will shift up.

c)