The Militarization of AmericaA Women’s Issue

PREPARED BY

FUND OUR COMMUNITIESNOT THE PENTAGON

AND

PEACE ACTION MONTGOMERY

HTTP://OURFUNDS.ORG

IS THERE A PROBLEM? MILITARY SPENDING IN THE US

WOMEN’S NEEDS VS. MILITARISM

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND MILITARISM

MILITARISM AND SEXISM

MARYLAND ADVOCACY: FUND OUR COMMUNITIES

The Militarization of AmericaA Women’s Issue

2

Is There a Problem? Military Spending in the U.S.

3

President’s Proposed Budget, FY 20134

Source: National Priorities Project, President’s Budget 2013

President’s Proposed Budget, FY 2013Discretionary

5

“All Other” Includes:

•Transportation•Environment•Science•Education•Everything else!

Source: National Priorities Project, President’s Budget 2013

Where Your Income Taxes Go6

Source: Friends Committee on National Legislation

Spending, by Category2012 Budget, Billions of Dollars

7

Source: National Priorities Project,

Pentagon vs. NIH Spending8

U.S. Military Spending vs. Other Countries, In Rank Order, FY 2010

9

Billions of Dollars

Source: Computed from SIPRI

10

Source: National Priorities Project

11

Source: New Priorities Project

Montgomery County Citizens’ Share of Pentagon Expenditures, FY2012

Budget

About $2.4 billion or

$2,000 per person

Source: National Priorities Project

12

With $2.4 Billion, Montgomery County Could Instead Have Paid For:

All expenses at a public university for four years for every 18-year-old in the County, and

Renewable electricity for three years for all the homes in the county, and

Over 5,000 new affordable housing units.

Source: Computed from National Priorities Project and census

13

14

Where Does the Money Go?

•War costs•Foreign military bases•War profiteers & weapons

15

Military Budget, 201116

Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

92

122

0 50 100 150

China: Total Military

US: Afghanistan

Billions of Dollars, 2010

Afghanistan War vs. World Military Spending

In 2011, the United States spent more on the war in Afghanistan than any other country in the world spent in total on the military.

Billions of Dollars, 2011

Source: Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation; Reuters

17

Total Estimated Costs of Iraq & Afghanistan: $4 to $6 Trillion

18

Source: Bilmes

U.S. Foreign Military Bases

The US maintains about 1,000 foreign military bases

Foreign bases cost taxpayers about $250 billion per year

Source: Foreign Policy in Focus, Anita Dancs

19

20

Opposition to U.S. Bases21

Jeju Island

Okinawa

22

War ProfiteersExample: Lockheed Martin

82% Percent of L/M profits derived directly from US tax payers,

2012: plus about 8% indirectly (foreign “aid”)

$5 billion Amount of profit derived from tax-payers, 2012

$16.9 million Total compensation of Lockheed Martin CEO, 2012. For

2013: golden parachute for him of $36.6 million

23

Sources:LM Annual Report 2012 and Proxy Statement 2013

The F-35: Most Expensive Boondoggle in Human History

24

F-35 Joint Strike

Fighter

Cost/plane: $163 million

Cost for production of planes on order: $397 billion

Revenue to Lockheed Martin from F-35 in 2012: $6.5 billion

Cost to fly one F-35 for one hour (operating costs only): $51,000

Cost to develop, build, fly and maintain all the F-35s on order for 55 years — the lives of the planes: $1.5 trillion

Source: ProPublica

We Spend $64 Billion/Year So We Can Do This Again?

Nuclear Weapons

Number nuclear weapons in US arsenal: 5,113

Number US deployed nuclear weapons: 1,722

Nuclear weapons-related costs: “triad” (planes, submarines, missiles), unproven missile defense, cleanup, weapons maintenance

Total estimated cost of US nuclear arsenal over next decade: $640 billion

25

Sources: Ploughshares; Arms Control Association

Drones

Reaper drone costs over life of program: $11.8 billion

Cost of one weapons load for a Reaper: $320,000

Civilian deaths: number disputed, range from 9 to several thousand

Can a democracy have a secret “kill list”?

Blowback—a real security issue for us

$30,000:

Cost per flight hour to operate a Global Hawk Drone (operational costs, not cost of drone itself)

Cost of Montgomery County’s entire Community Development and Housing program budget for three years.

26

Sources: Know Drones; FCNL and Montgomery County

Global Hawk Drone

What Constitutes Real Security?27

Women’s Needs Vs.Militarism

28

Women and Poverty

Overall Poverty Rate:Women: 15%Men: 11%

Poverty rate for families with children:Female-headed: 41%Male-headed: 22%

Elderly: Women are over 2/3 of the elderly poor

29

Source: National Women’s Law Center

Women who head families:

Rely on government programs for low-income people

In FY 2011:

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF):

85% of TANF adult recipients were women

Medicaid70% of non-elderly adult recipients were

women—mostly pregnant women and low-income parents

Section 8 Rental Assistance (HUD) 82% of households served by this program

were headed by women

30

Source: National Women’s Law Center

Dollars and Sense

$500,000

The cost of flying one F-35 plane for 10 hours

The cost of nutritional supplements to 10,000 babies and high-risk pregnant and nursing women in MD for one month, cut off the WIC program through “sequestration”

31

Sources: Coalition on Human Needs; US Dept of Agriculture; Time

Dollars and Sense

$18 million

Cost to maintain the U.S. nuclear arsenal for one day

Cost to provide over 1,200 low income families in Montgomery County affordable housing vouchers for one year

 

32

Source: Waging Peace

Elderly women:

Rely on programs for low-income people.

33

Source: National Women’s Law Center

Medicaid:

About 70% of elderly recipients are women.

Supplemental Security Income:

Over 2/3 of elderly SSI beneficiaries are women.

Social Security: Only source of income for nearly

30% of female beneficiaries Average Social Security benefit

Women : $12,700/year Men: $16,700/year

Other government programs women need

Child Care Assistance

86% of families served by the Child Care & Development Block Grant program in 2011 were single-parent households. All were poor.

Education Assistance

66% of Pell grant recipients are women

34

Sources: CLASP; National Women’s Law Center

The Pentagon is Taking Your Education!35

If the U.S. cut its spending on nuclear weapons by one third (by $22 billion) and used that money for education, we could cover all expenses for every community college student in the country.

Chart Source: Maryland Budget & Tax Policy Institute

The Pentagon is Taking Your Education!

In 2006, economists estimated total Iraq war costs at $3.5 trillion. With $3.5 trillion, we could have done this:

For the next 133 years, send every 18-year-old in the U.S. to a state university: tuition, fees, room and board--for four years.

36

Latest total estimated cost of wars in Iraq & Afghanistan: $6 trillion

Source: Bilmes; computations

The Pentagon is Taking Your Job!War is a Lousy Jobs Project

Num

ber

of J

obs

Cre

ated

Education Health Care Clean Energy Consumption Military

Source: U of MA, Political Economy Research Institute

37

U.S. Job Creation with $1 Billion Spending

The Pentagon is Taking Your FutureLet’s Spend Money on Wars, Not Infrastructure!

38

Defense Expenditures Per Capita, 200839

Source: Friedman and Preble

Summary

The diversion of such huge sums to the Pentagon means greater poverty for women and children, unmet social needs, and a poorer future for all of us.

40

It’s a Choice:Militarism or a Peace Economy

41

Militarism and Violence:Death and Injury of Women

42

A Huge Military Budget Fosters War43

44

0

1,000,000,000

2,000,000,000

3,000,000,000

4,000,000,000

5,000,000,000

6,000,000,000

7,000,000,000

Military Recruiting Budget

Peace Corps Total Budget

Military Recruiting Budget Compared to Peace Corps Total Budget

A Huge Military Budget Fosters War

Material brake on going to war eliminated.No reason for weapons to sit in warehouses!

War justifies previous purchases and budget decisions.

Effective ways of preventing conflict crowded out.

The huge profits of military contractors used to promote more wars.

With major political donations, thousands of lobbyists.

45

War is Bad for WomenIt is Mainly About Civilians

10 civilian deaths to 1 soldier?

Vietnam: Over 58,000 American combat deaths; 2 million Vietnamese deaths?

Iraq: About 4,800 American deaths. 122,000 Iraqi civilians? Over one million?

Afghanistan: About 2,200 American deaths. No civilian counts before 2007; for 2007-2011: U.S. says 12,000 civilians killed during that time period.

Wounded? No data.

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Women’s Bodies: Terrain of WarRape as a Weapon

To punish and degrade the losers

To establish dominance

To take the spoils of war—women are part of the booty

54

55

Summary

A huge military budget leads to war, and women and children are its victims.

56

Militarism and Sexism

57

A Syllogism58

If war = ultimate form of violence and aggression

If masculinity = defined in large part as violence and aggression

Then, war = ultimate form of masculinity

Militarism, Masculinity & Violence59

60

61

62

63

Propositions: Agree or Disagree?64

Glorifying war normalizes and glorifies male violence generally.

The more militaristic a society, the more violence against women.

A syllogism:

Male sexual violence is a key enforcer of sexism.Militarism increases male violence, including sexual violence.Thus, the more militaristic a society, the more sexism and gender inequality.

Militarism is a Women’s Issue!65

Militarism and war divert money at home that women need

War causes untold deaths and injuries of women

Militarism leads to violence against women, at home and abroad

Militarism entrenches sexism

Fund Our Communities:Not the Pentagon

66

Labor

Civil Rights

Immigrant Rights

Environmental Groups

Religious Congregations

Social Service Groups

Community Organizations

Advocacy Groups

Fund Our Communities: Goals

Significant increases in domestic spending

Major reductions in the Pentagon budget

67

Strategies to Build Power

Growing our coalition— showing strength in numbers

Providing information— gaining public support

Political engagement— taking action for change

68

Pull the Pork on the Pentagon

69

Prosperity Not Austerity Bus Tour

70

A Legislative Campaign:

No Corporate Welfare for Lockheed Martin in Montgomery County

71

Lockheed Martin’s Center for Learning Excellence

http://ourfunds.org

72

Fund Our Communities

Not the Pentagon

Sources

Administration for Children and Families: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/resource/character/fy2010/fy2010-chap10-ys-final

American Forces Press Service, http://www.smallgovtimes.com/2009/05/proposed-military-recruiting-cuts-reasonable

American Friends Service Committee, http://www.countdowntowithdrawal.org/ Amnesty International, http://www.amnesty.org.uk/uploads/documents/doc_20012.pdf Arms Control Association:

http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclearweaponswhohaswhat Bacevich, Andrew, Washington Rules, America’s Path to Permanent War, Metropolitan

Books, 2010. Bilmes, Linda:

https://research.hks.harvard.edu/publications/workingpapers/citation.aspx?PubId=8956&type=WPN

Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation, 2009 Briefing Book, http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/assets/pdfs/fy09_dod_request_briefing_book.pdf

Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, “Putting Afghanistan Troop Increases in Perspective,” Dec. 2. http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/120209_afghanistan_costs_in_perspective/

http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/102109_c111_fy10_authconf/

Center for Arms Control and Nonproliferation: http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/

73

Sources, continued

Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation: http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/Fiscal_Year_2012.pdf

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1258 Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3925 Center for Economic and Policy Research:

http://www.stwr.org/global-conflicts-militarization/report-shows-increased-us-military-spending-slows-economy.html

Chalmers Johnson, America’s Empire of Bases. http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/1181/chalmers_johnson_on_garrisoning_the_planet

CLASP: http://www.clasp.org/admin/site/publications_states/files/2010-Child-Care-Assistance-Profile-Maryland.pdf

Coalition on Human Needs: http://www.chn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/All_Letters1.pdf Coalition on Human Needs: http://www.chn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/All_Letters1.pdf Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, Interim Report, June 2009:

http://www.wartimecontracting.gov/docs/CWC_Interim_Report_At_What_Cost_06-10-09.pdf Conetta, Carl, Project on Defense Alternatives,

http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/1110bm50.pdf CNN , Congress to Probe Private Military Contractors in Afghanistan:

http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/17/afghanistan.contractors.probe/

74

Sources, continued

Congressional Joint Economic Committee Majority Report. War At Any Price?: http://jec.senate.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Reports.Reports&ContentRecord_id=c6616188-7e9c-9af9-716c-d2ecbc191d33&Region_id=&Issue_id=

Congressional Research Service Report RL 33110, September 28, 2009 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf

Congressional Research Service Report R40764, September 21, 2009, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R40764.pdf

Congressional Research Service Report RL 33222, US Foreign Aid to Israel, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf

Congressional Research Service: http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/129342.pdf

Daily Kos: “Our Taxes Are off to War,” March 8, 2010: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2010/3/8/123728/5092

Anita Dancs, Mary Orisich, Suzanne Smith, The Military Costs of Securing Energy (National Priorities Project – October 2008) http://www.nationalpriorities.org/auxiliary/energy_security/executive_summary.pdf

75

Sources, continued

Experts Letter on Defense Spending, Nov. 18, 2010, http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/NCFRRexpertsletter.pdf

Fastweb: http://www.finaid.org/educators/ProfileofPellGrantRecipients.pdf FCNL: http://fcnl.org/issues/foreign_policy/understanding_drones Forbes: http://people.forbes.com/profile/robert-j-stevens/49897 Foreign Policy in Focus: Anita Dancs, The Cost of the Global U.S. Military Presence, July

2009: http://www.comw.org/qdr/fulltext/0907dancs.pdf Foreign Policy in Focus, A Unified Security Budget:

http://www.ips-dc.org/reports-list.php?start=6 http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2003/03jan-feb/jan-feb03corp2.html Friends Committee on National Legislation, “Keeping Military Spending in Balance with the

Nation’s Priorities,” March 16, 2009. http://www.fcnl.org/issues/item.php?item_id=3538&issue_id=19

Friends Committee on National Legislation: http://fcnl.org/issues/checkbook/where_your_taxes_go/

Benjamin Friedman and Christopher Preble, “Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint,” Policy Analysis, Cato Institute, Sept. 23, 2010: http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA667.pdf

William Hartung and Michelle Ciarrocca, “ Corporate Think Tanks and the Doctrine of Aggressive Militarism,” The Multinational Monitor, Jan/Feb. 2003.

Huck Gutman, http://www.redrat.net/BUSH_WAR/mercenaries/index.htm#mercs

76

Sources, continued

Iraq Coalition Casualties: http://icasualties.org/oif/ Jeremy Scahill, interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 2009.

http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_18211.cfm John Feffer, “Good War vs. Great Society,” Foreign Policy in Focus, Sept. 22, 2009.

http://www.fpif.org/fpifzines/wb/6433 Joseph Stiglitz and Linda Bilmes, The Three Trillion Dollar War, Norton & Co., 2008. Just Foreign Policy: http://www.justforeignpolicy.org/iraq/iraqdeaths.html Know Drones: http://www.knowdrones.com/FAQ.pdf Lockheed Martin Financial Statement

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/data/assets/corporate/documents/ir/2011/2010-LM-annual-report.pdf Lockheed Martin Annual Report:

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/corporate/documents/2012-Annual-report.pdf

Lockheed Martin Proxy Statement: http://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/corporate/documents/2013-Proxy-Statement.pdf

Maryland Budget and Tax Policy Institute: http://www.marylandpolicy.org/dnn/Portals/mbtpi/stateofworkingmaryland/stateofworkingmaryland.pdf

Montgomery County: http://www6.montgomerycountymd.gov/content/PIO/budget/pdf/FY13_OperatingBudgetForum_BCC_1-9- 2012.pdf

77

Sources, continued

National Women’s Law Center: http://www.nwlc.org/resource/cutting-programs-low-income-people-especially-hurts-women-and-their-families#children

National Women’s Law Center: http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/povertysnapshot2011version2.pdf

National Priorities Project: http://www.nationalpriorities.org National Priorities Project Security Spending Primer: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/P National Priorities Project, Talking About Military Spending and the Pentagon Budget:

http://nationalpriorities.org/media/uploads/publications/talking-about-military-spending/npp-talking-military-spending.pdf

National Priorities Project, President’s Budget 2013: http://nationalpriorities.org/media/uploads/webinars/presidents-budget-fy2013/presidentsbudfy2013-1.pdf

National Academies Press, Rising Above the Gathering Storm, 2010, http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12999

National Priorities Project, Out of Balance: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/webinars/out-of-balance

National Priorities Project, President’s Budget FY 2011: http://www.nationalpriorities.org/Presidents_Budget_FY2011

Newser: http://www.newser.com/story/38814/pentagon-seeks-152b-fighter-sale-to-israel.html

78

Sources, continued

National Women’s Law Center, Insecure & Unequal: Poverty Among Women and Families 2000-2011 (2012).

Open Secrets: http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/index.php?capcode=mwkzr&name=Lockheed&state=&zip=&employ=&cand= and http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?year=2008&lname=Lockheed+Martin

Pape, Robert A., “It’s the Occupation, Stupid,” Foreign Policy , Oct. 18, 2010: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/10/18/it_s_the_occupation_stupid?page=0,0

Peace Corps Web Site, http://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=resources.media.press.view&news_id=1452

Ploughshares: http://www.ploughshares.org/what-nuclear-weapons-cost-us Political Economy Research Institute, U. of Mass., Robert Pollin and Heidi Garrett-

Peltier , “The U.S. Employment Effects of Military and Domestic Spending Priorities ,” , Oct. 9, 2009: http://www.ips-dc.org/reports/071001-jobcreation.pdf

ProPublica: http://www.propublica.org/special/the-most-expensive-fighter-jet-ever-built-by-the-numbers

Project on Defense Alternatives: http://www.comw.org/pda/1002BudgetSurge.html Project on Defense Alternatives, http://www.comw.org/pda/fulltext/1001PDABM45.pdf

79

Sources, continued

Project on Government Oversight, http://www.pogo.org/pogo-files/alerts/contract-oversight/co-fcm-20090421.html

Rand, “How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa’ida ” http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG741-1/

Refugees International: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/9679 Reuters, Chinese Military Spending:

http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6230A720100304 Right Web: Committee for the Liberation of Iraq:

http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Iraq Salary.com:

http://swz.salary.com/salarywizard/layouthtmls/swzl_compresult_national_lg12000010.html

Smartrend: http://www.mysmartrend.com/news-briefs/news-watch/lockheed-martins-f-35-joint-strike-fighter-program-needs-another-year-reuters

SIPRI: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: http://milexdata.sipri.org/ Task Force on a Unified Security Budget, Institute for Policy Studies: http://www.ips-

dc.org/reports/USB_fy_2011

80

Sources, continued

Time: http://nation.time.com/2012/07/09/f-35-nearly-doubles-in-cost-but-you-dont-know-thanks-to-its-rubber-baseline/

United Nations, Social Indicators: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/

U.S. Budget: http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2010/assets/summary.pdf- US Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/wisummary.htm United States Navy Fact File, http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?

cid=4200&tid=200&ct=4, accessed November 15, 2009 . Waging Peace: http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2004/05/06_cipolat_weapons-

price.htm and vouchers at 15K/year War Resisters League: http://www.warresisters.org/ Ycharts: Lockheed Martin: http://ycharts.com/companies/LMT

81