cost analysis of foundations and towers...

Cost analysis of foundations and towers for a230 kv transmission line over desert terrain

Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)

Authors Dombrow, Roman Joseph, 1913-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553825

http://hdl.handle.net/10150/553825

COST ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATIONS AND TOWERS FOR A 230 KV TRANSMISSION LINE

OVER DESERT TERRAIN

by

Roman J* Dombrow

A t h e s i s

s u b m itte d to th e f a c u l t y o f th e

E l e c t r i c a l E n g in e e r in g D e p artm en t

i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r th e d e g re e o f

MASTER OF SCIENCE

i n th e G ra d u a te C o l le g e , U n iv e r s i ty o f A riz o n a

1951

A pproved :

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70*1 edno- to^lj/pc^ odd l o dxfcr r T " *rr T* n.. -) r r /% rrrr r~: > % > -

/ 9 S ’/ -

ACKNOWLEDGMENT'.-Y . . ̂ ^

The w r i t e r w ish e s t o e x p re s s h i s a p p r e c i a t i o n to

P r o f e s s o r D av is B artho lom ew f o r h i s c o n s t r u c t iv e c r i t i c i s m s

and h i s v a lu a b le s u g g e s t io n s f o r im provem en t i n th e p r e p a r a t i o n

o f t h i s t h e s i s . '

" G r a te f u l acknow ledgm ent i s made to Mr. D . -F. Murphy ; '

and M r. Howard F in k o f th e B u reau o f R e c la m a tio n f o r a id g iv e n

i n th e c o l l e c t i o n o f d a ta and th e u se o f B u reau o f R e c la m a tio n^ , •" .

f a c i l i t i e s *

\

2191S8

' C .. :y> O ' T.'0:'O.:TABLE OP CONTENTS

C h a p te r , Page'-.V- t - - . ; ...... -. ... ; . - , ..., °

... I . INTRODUCTION 1- 0. ':0 . ',_ : y.O.OiO . : :

I I « . • DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ' 7

I I I . : DEVELOPMENT OF UNIT COSTS AND TIME FACTORS 56

IV . .. CONCLUSIONS 71

BIBLIOGRAPHY 0 76

.0 .: .

O y 00 oyh • .............‘ . .....'

i i i

LIST OF TABLES

Number

I .

I I .

I I I .

IV .

: v.V I.

V I I .

V I I I .

IX .

x.

X I.

X I I .

X I I I .

XIV.

SCHEDULE OF Y/AGE RATES

PRIME CONTRACTORS PAYROLL SUMMARY, -'TV.

SUB CONTRACTOR'S PAYROLL SUMMARY

RAILROAD DESTINATION OF TOWER STEEL

SCHEDULE OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL RATES ..

BREAKDOWN OF THE VARIOUS DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTS (P rim e C o n tr a c to r )

MAN HOURS EXPENDED AND WAGES PAID FOB DIRECT LABOR V V J V : r : : V i "

MAN HOURS EXPENDED AND WAGES PAID FOR INDIRECT • LABOR . - ' : V T-

DIRECT EQUIPMENT HOURS EXPENDED AND RENTAL CHARGED PER BID ITEM . T

DIRECT EQUIPMENT HOURS EXPENDED AND RENTAL CHARGED

BREAKDOWN OF DIRECT CHARGES FOR EACH BID ITEM

DISTRIBUTION OF ACCOUNTS TO BID ITEMS AND RESULTING UNIT COSTS

DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES TO EACH BID ITEM ON . THE,BASIS OF A UNIT COST '

BREAKDOWN OF MANHOURS, EQUIPMENT HOURS, AND MATERIAL COSTS PER UNIT BID ITEM FOR ALL ACCOUNTS

i v

Page

17

18

22

28

29

57

58

60

61

63

64

66

67

68

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Page

I . LINE TRAVERSE AND TOWER BASE-ELEVATIONS 11

I I . V IM LOOKING SOUTH FROM STRUCTURE NUMBER 1 5 8 .PATROL ROAD IS CLEARLY SEEM FROM WHICH ACCESS ROADSr TO STRUCTURE SITES WERE CONSTRUCTED 14

I I I . NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES ON PAYROLL OF PRIME ANDSUB CONTRACTOR - ; , 19' ' . .

IV . MAN HOURS OVERTIME AND REGULAR TIME EXPENDEDBY THE PRIME CONTRACTOR 20

V. WAGES PAID MONTHLY BY THE PRIME CONTRACTORAND CUMULATIVE TOTALS 21

#H>

MAN HOURS EXPENDED BY SUB CONTRACTOR ONSTEEL TOWER ERECTION 23

V I I . WAGES PAID MONTHLY AND CUMULATIVE TOTALS PAIDBY SUB CONTRACTOR ON STEEL TOWER ERECTION 24

V I I I . MAN HOURS EXPENDED ON ENTIRE CONTRACT 25

IX . WAGES PAID MONTHLY AND CUMULATIVE TOTALS ONTHE ENTIRE CONTRACT 26

X. BUCYRUS ERIE l / 2 YARD BACKHOE EXCAVATINGFOR A PAD TYPE FOOTING • 33

X I . "POUR TYPES OF FOOTINGS USED 34

X I I . HIGHWAY AUGER MOUNTED ON A F.W .D. TRUCKBEING ALIGNED OVER STRUCTURE FOOTING STAKEBEFORE STARTING TO DIG 37

X I I I . THIS SHOWS THE STEEL WELDING JIG CAST INCONCRETE PAD AT STEEL YARD 41

XIV. THIS SHOWS A LARGE PAD FOOTING FOR A 60* SL TOWER WITH THE REINFORCING STEEL PLACED AND CONCRETE FORM ATTACHED READY TO BE POURED 42

XV. THIS IS A COMPLETED LARGE PAD SL FOOTING WITH CURING COMPOUND APPLIED TO CONCRETE,AWAITING BACKFILLING 46

XVI. BOTTOM DUMP CONCRETE BUCKET MOUNTED ON THE BLADE OF A D-7 DOZER USED IN TRANSPORTING CONCRETE FROM MIXER 48

V

Number Page

X V II, CLOSE-UP OF TEMPLATE CORRECTLY POSITIONEDTHIS ILLUSTRATES THE MANNER IN WHICH STUB ANGLE AND CONCRETE FORM WERE SECURED TO TEMPLATE 50

X V III . ERECTING THE TOWER ON STRUCTURE NUMBER 2. WITH THE LORAIN MOTO-CRANE 52

XIX, LOOKING EAST TOWARD HAVASU LAKE WITH- STRUCTURE NUMBER 272 IN THE FOREGROUND ' 54

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CHAPTER IL : V;:;;'. jL z n : . a-::'- : ; 1 1 ” r;.- ' / l . -

.. r.:: r ■" j Z ' c ' INTRODUCTION ' I ; , . : .

- v. ■. S tu d ie a .w hich h av e b e e n made i n ; th e - p a s t , o f - .c o n s t ru c t io n t

c o s t s on t r a n s m i s s io n l i n e s w ere made p r im a r i l y , w i th th e o b j e c t

iv e o f d e te rm in in g how much money w as s p e n t on th e ,p r o j e c t p e r

u n i t o f m ea su re m e n t• - I n - a n a ly z in g c o s t s o f t r a n s m i s s i o n - l i n e s ,

t h i s u n i t o f m easu rem en t i s u s u a l l y ta k e n a s th e m i l e :o f com

p l e t e d t r a n s m is s io n l i n e o r th e c o s t p e r tow er, s t r u c t u r e .

T hese s t u d i e s do n o t i n d i c a t e man h o u rs ex p en d ed p e r u n i t o f

a com ple t e d b id i te m , e q u ip m en t h o u r s ̂ e q u ip m en t r e n t a l .c h a rg e

a b le p e r u n i t o f a b i d i te m , th e e x p e n d i tu r e s i n man h o u r s , y:

o r money c h a rg e a b le to e q u ip m en t m a in te n a n c e and o p e r a t io n a c -

c o u n t, d e f e r r e d and c l e a r i n g a c c o u n t , n o r o v e rh e a d .a c c o u n t#

A t r a n s m is s io n l i n e c o n n e c t in g th e lo w e r d ev e lo p m en t a t - ' - ' . . .. - " . ' r:'-

F i f t e e n - M i le P a l l s , M onroe, N .H ., w i th th e t e r m in a l s u b - s t a t i o n

a t T e w k s b u ry ," M a ssa c h u se tts was c o n s t r u c t e d b y - th e New E n g la n d

Power A s s o c ia t io n # The f o l lo w in g i s a d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e

p r o j e c t , and a .b re a k d o w n o f th e v a r io u s c o s ts #

The l i n e i s 1 2 6 .4 m ile s lo n g , and o p e r a te s a t 220 k v ,

o c c u p y in g a r i g h t - o f - w a y 350 f e e t w id e , w i th room f o r th r e e

c i r c u i t s , two o f w h ic h w ere i n s t a l l e d and a b o u t w h ich t h i s

r e p o r t was w r i t t e n . . T h is c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p rise d two s i n g l e -

c i r c u i t ;s t e e l tow er, s e t - u p s 183 f e e t a p a r t ; l e a v in g sp a c e i n

1# C lyde A. B ro o k e r , "Sum m arized C o st o f 220 kv L in e ” , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , v . 1 0 0 . A u g u st 1 3 , 1 9 3 2 . p 2 0 8 .

2 .

th e r e e n t e r v fo r a t h i r d : l i n e when r e q u i r e d * The s t a n d a r dr .!."r' :• : rr. r rr. ' r .\.r 0 V: r/rr : r v ■d i s t a n c e b e tw ee n to w e rs was'" a p p ro x im a te ly 600 f e e t , fTowerl-v r 7.r r _.v V:r ; • v? 'v r - 1 l; v r .';h e ig h t was 55 f e e t , and th e to w e r f o o t i n g s w ere o f e a r t h g r i l -

, a * .* i -A- , L ̂ * J - * — . * » •'-.i V 'l a g e r a n d c o f : r o c k s h o e s . . I n l o n g i t u d i n a l e l e v a t i o n , th e s u s -

: r i ' 1:- , vr . . r i ;r 7 , r rp e n s io n to w e rs -were b u t 3 " f e e t w ide and h ad two f o o t i n g s 7 f e e t

• . r : : : , V. 1 - :: r : - r - , ' ~.:v, OvC-i n d e p th ; S u s p e n s io n a n c h o r to w e rs h a d a 19 f o o t s p re a d a t: L.: . f i t " r: - r.': " "v-1 . r v 7t h e - g r o u n d l i i h e , and ;;had f o u r f o o t i n g s "9 f e e t d e e p . Power w ire

was A .C .S .R . o f 7 9 5 ;0 0 0 c i r c u l a r ra i l s e c t i o n . G round w ire was

7 s t r a n d s t e e l - 0 .5 In c h e s i n d ia m e te r . The t r a n s m is s io n l i n e'V: . ' -'’c -ri ■ ■ . • .. :■ r ,

p a s s e d th ro u g h h e a v i ly wooded t e r r a i n w h ich r e q u i r e d a good

d e a l o f c l e a r i n g .C:;

F o llo w in g a re th e c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t f i g u r e s f o r t h i s•• ' ‘.3 V' a ; v.i'A Cnj . r: \ : - . v v V \

p r o j e c t w h ich w ere f i l e d by th e New E n g lan d Pow er A s s o c ia t io n: - -I . 1 V ■■■ - ri;- r:- :;r; : - . : -cVut o ; JV 3 ' . : " - . - ^ r u l <-.! V v

w i th th e New H am pshire P u b l ic S e r v ic e C om m ission .: ; o.C "'i:. ̂ "'/'I: f C : .'Lv:: :: ‘ ' v ' r;-- -I te m C o st ( c e n t s o m it te d )

C o n s t r u c t io n s u p e r in te n d e n c e f 2 7 ,8 7 8 A c c o u n tin g and f i e l d o f f i c e e x p en se i ; 1 : 3 2 ,0 1 8 C a s u a l ty e x p e n se 581 S u rv e y s and f i e l d e n g in e e r in g 9 0 ,3 8 5 In s u ra n c e and ta x e s d u r in g c o n s t r u c t io n 8 0 ,9 9 4 I n s p e c t i o n and t e s t i n g tw o to w e rs a t f a c t o r y 1 8 ,3 3 6 C le a r in g and b u rn in g b ru s h• U X (L ab o r p r o p o r t i o n , $ 4 3 3 ,9 2 1 ) 4 5 8 ,8 0 7Tow ers - - E x c a v a t io n and b a c k f i l l i n g ' .x - : (L a b o r , $ 2 0 4 ,4 6 2 ) 2 6 9 ,8 9 2:~ ’ " S e t t in g " f o b t in g s and a n c h o rs

(L a b o r , $ 1 0 0 ,8 8 5 1 1 8 ,0 3 1r I S o r t i n g and d i s t r i b u t i n g s t e e l r : ;

(L a b o r , $ 7 8 ,2 3 8 1 0 6 ,3 6 4- E r e c t i o n (L a b o r , $ 1 1 4 ,3 4 9 ) , 1 2 2 ,7 8 6

D i s t r i b u t i o n ) o f l i n e m a t e r i a l (L a b o r , $25,330) 3 7 ,9 9 3 S t r i n g i n g pow er an d g ro u n d w ir e s

c : l (L a b o r , $ 1 4 1 ,5 4 1 ) . , 1 7 3 ,9 2 4G uying (L a b o r , $ 1 ,0 0 0 ) 1 ,4 8 5T ow ers, d e l i v e r e d a t r a i l r o a d s i d i n g 7 7 5 ,2 5 3Power w i r e , 7 7 2 .8 m i le s - 9 1 2 ,4 5 1

3 .

O verhead ground; w i r e , 5 1 5 .2 m i le s - I r $107>599 •Power i n s u l a t o r s an d h a rd w are 4 5 4 ,1 0 8T ie w i r e , p r o t e c t i n g an d s p l i c i n g s le e v e s - c * 4 l,845--5T elep h o n e l i n e (a r ra n g e m e n t w i th New . a.' c E n g lan d T elep h o n e & T e le g ra p h - Co•) - T e lep h o n e b o o th s , 24E x tr a g ro u n d t w ire 0 .5 m ile o u t - from FIT t e e h -

M ile F a l l s , T ew ksbury , and e a c h s id e • ; o f C e n tr a l : N .H i: s w i tc h in g s t a t i o n ^ 1 .

3 /8 i n . and 7 /8 i n . w ire u s e d Camp o p e r a t in g c o s t s , e t c . ' •, . : : ,T o o ls and e q u ip m en tLand and r ig h t - o f - w a y ( i n c l u d i n g . a e r i a l

s u rv e y , $ 5 ,9 0 0 )I n t e r e s t d u r in g c o n s t r u c t io n a n:.C o n t r a c to r ’ s e x p e n s e , in c lu d in g e n g in e e r in g .

1 5 ,6 6 4 . 1 ,2 2 0

1 5 ,6 7 01 4 ,1 3 73 4 ,8 9 6

6 8 3 ,4 7 5 v2 2 9 ,0 2 8

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: ; n 390^643 $ 5 ,6 1 5 ,4 7 8

$ 4 1 ,2 5 0

The New E n g lan d Pow er A s s o c i a t i o n ’ s 220 k v . l i n e b e tw ee na ' . cor ' ■ V ' a.„.

F i f te e n - M i le F a l l s and T ew ksbury , M a s s a c h u s e tts i n c lu d e s a.a! Oh a ; :v . ;a-- ; ' c v r ; . .va . c ~ x r , v h . a c h ;• ouhaX.. . . ' o h a - r a 0. Oa-h h 's e c t i o n i n M a s s a c h u s e t ts a b o u t 6 .5 m i le s lo n g , and th e e s t im a -

:: 00 . a-O:.. - h a t a-aO-h ho va'-.c;-:;0 n . l n - 0 : 0 rat e d c o s t o f t h i s s h o r t s e c t i o n a s s e p a r a t e l y p r e p a r e d by th e

: ; ;0 .. V: ..aa 'a:.:v: , 0 : '0-1.- n,. 0 oh .0:0 a; : : 0 : j:. ■: •- ̂ ‘-a- - 0e n g in e e r in g d e p a r tm e n t f o r s u b m is s io n t o th e M a s s a c h u s e tts0 a . 0 : 0 Or':':- ̂ ' ' v -a ,; o.: •O;:-*- ■ a '. 0:. . : a 0:o , 0 0 . ] h C: ;: ■ • a l a a - ^ i ;D e p artm en t o f P u b l ic U t i l i t i e s i s a s f o l l o w s ::.• • 0 -a 1 v. j - . 0 ̂ a 0 0; O' - 0 1 . . - ,I te m . C o st ( c e n t s o m it te d )

E ig h t-o f -w a y and la n d $ 9 0 ,0 0 0C le a r in g r i g h t - o f - w a y : ; a • Or. : 2 6 ,7 5 0 'S t e e l to w e rs i n p la c e 9 0 ,0 0 0Power, w ire O j. a O . ; : : 0 a . 6 9 ,0 0 0 .I n s u l a t o r s : a 031 ,900G round w ire i n p la c e h i h 1 0 ,7 5 0S p e c ia l w ork 2 ,5 2 0T elephone^ l i n e 8 ,8 5 0Camp e q u ip m en t and t o o l s 2 ,8 3 0S u p e r in te n d e n c e ; p a y r o l l i n s u r a n c e , s u rv e y s 2 7 ,4 0 0 T o ta l 6 .5 m i le s l i n e $ 3 6 0 ,O0O

T o ta l c o s t p e r m ile ( a p p ro x im a te ly ) a ' ; . $ 5 5 /0 0 0

1 . C lyde A . B ro o k e r , ” 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 M l i n e C o s ts $ 5 5 ,0 0 0 p e r M i le ," E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . v 9 5 . A p r i l 5 , 1 9 3 0 . p 6 8 8 .

Aj 230 kv s i n g l e t c i r c u l t t r a n s m is s io n l i n e was c o n s t r u c

t e d by the : M e tro p o l i ta n ,W a te r D i s t r i c t o f S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i al - : ̂ .. :• : . :■ /-"I r r Vw h ich e x te n d e d from B o u ld e r Dam to Gene an d B a y f ie ld pum ping

r ■■w.v'i . cu: ! : ■ 0 * 0 5s t a t i o n s , a t o t a l . o f .237 m i l e s • T h is in c lu d e d 235 m ile s o f

p a t r o l ro a d and 137 m ile s o f te le p h o n e l in e *

r e p o r t e d a s $ 2 ,4 4 0 ,0 0 0 o r $ 1 0 ,3 0 0 p e r m ile *

th e s e f i g u r e s was g iv e n by i t e m s .

The c o s t was

No breakdow n o f- : hr- ;• -j r "

To f a c i l i t a t e m ore a c c u r a te e s t im a t i n g o f th e c o s t s o f

r u r a l l i n e c o n s t r u c t i o n , tim e s t u d i e s w ere made i n e a s t e r n New

E n g la n d on a 2 ,3 0 0 v o l t l i n e * O nly th e p o l e s , a t ta c h m e n ts an d

p r im a ry c o n d u c to rs (tw o 2 ,3 0 0 v o l t w i r e s ) a re c o n s id e re d * Au-

to m o tiv e e q u ip m en t c o n s i s t e d o f a C h e v ro le t 1 - to n t r u c k e q u ip p e d; r*:; — j;_-r- ;; - h e - l l.e t v o 'in ii.-ih io i;. i;: votvvfiw i th a M ead -M orrison c a p s ta n w inch and a t u b u l a r fram e d e r r i c k .

v - e h : ' o h r - . - e l i l : ' . r ; ’ fb. r v m . t n r n-h - : v r -i-I t s e t a l l p o le s t h a t c o u ld be re a c h e d an d was a l s o u s e d to

’h’n’n ' iv."Un'u v-:;'- " t - " : h:/ Tin; u n i t l : T ' v - pn;- rwvv—h.rp u l l up th e w i r e , A t o t a l o f 495 w h ite c e d a r p o le s was u se d

i n th e l i n e ." c v - — v n •; :.•> hnT

The c o n d u c to r u s e d was No." - ! j” - > - ■' J>'.' .* / f r* ;• a - - , t ^6 H .D . b a re c o p p e r w ire

j. ch e ::n:, . . ' :Tr vT.? fv" Trn l ;n.u-’ : n ’ neh : v Tn r bhe . e : - -and th e l i n e was 6 0 ,5 5 0 f e e t lo n g *

M an-hours p e r 1,(X)0 f e e t o f r u r a l l i n e c o n s t r u c t i o n s

L ay o u t l i n e 1*93 C rossarm s - 2 p i n ( s e t on p o le s 1 .4 9

D ig p o le h o l e s 1 5 .9 0 C o n d u c to rs ( R u n o u t ,p u l l up &-v-vvn V , n ; ;n : V: p u t on i n s u l a t o r s ) 1 1 ; 30

S e t p o le s 1 5 .0 0 Guys (Make up and p u t on) 6 .7 0~nh T.: v.. < : \ v n ' - n

1* R o b e r t N . A l l e n , " T r a n s m is s io n .a t 230 k v .B u i l t a t $ 1 0 ,3 0 0 p e r M i le " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , v 1 1 0 . A u g u st 1 3 , 1938PP 4 6 -4 8 . X : ; f " ■; ; . V - : ; l .. .. - : A ' - " :;o.- A h i I A .h .

2* E l l s w o r th P . M in e r, "M an-Hour U n i ts U s e fu l In d e x i n R ural* L in e B u i l d i n g , " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , v 9 6 . A u g u st 9 , 1930P 2 5 6 .0 - ;:: : --A':r A - v _ ; p. hv- i , ;.; ..hh

5 .

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'•Use o f A utd t r u c k : - T ru ck -D ay s p e r 1 /0 0 0 f e e t

S ta k e o u t l i n e / c u t r i g h t - o f - w a y D ig h o le s and s e t p o l e s 'G uys, make u p , "p u t - on c L 3 1;v' 3 ~C ro ss a rm s , d e l i v e r C ro ss a rm s , p u t on p o le s C o n d u c to r i n s t a l l a t i o n

The m an -h o u rs w ere d e v e lo p e d on a b a s i s o f 1 ,0 0 0 f e e tV:..; •.o e v a j i , .. : . .J.r ^ • - ■ M . v o n ' ora:-;-

o f c o m p le ted l i n e . A m ore u s e f u l b a s i s w ould h av e b e e n t o

d e te rm in e th e m an -h o u rs f o r e a c h b i d i te m o r jo b o p e r a t i o n .* ‘ : ' . - ' " ' , ' • ' V ' : -- - v ' . .. . /

The S o u th e rn C a l i f o r n i a E d is o n Company h a s u s e d a m ethod

o f s e g r e g a t in g th e l a b o r c o s t in c u r r e d on a c o m p o s ite jo b i n t o' 1 ■ - .........- . % : r <r;.r : : o r ; v; - - ; ’. : r > o r r r r - r r

i t s com ponent u n i t s . M an-hour f i g u r e s w ere c o m p iled by t im e -

s tu d y m e th o d s ,f o r p e r fo rm in g v a r io u s t a s k s su c h a s t r a n s f o r m e rf : ; ■: : :

i n s t a l l a t i o n , p o le s e t t i n g e t c . The t o t a l q u a n t i t i e s in v o lv e d•< ■ O' - • - - -r : >, --- *, ■ <' •• - r - r. • ' - ' •; -■ •- ■ ’ •: - - - •

on e a c h jo b was m u l t i p l i e d by th e u n i t m an -h o u rs p e r i te m .

and t h i s i n t u r n m u l t i p l i e d by th e u n i t l a b o r c o s t p e r m an-hour*I V V; .Vo o-o.-.'o . :>VL r f V - o o o o L -; " v o r

A sum m ation o f th e s e c o s t s gave a t o t a l f o r th e e n t i r e jo b■ no.

w h ich was co m parab le w i th th e a c t u a l s u s t a i n e d c o s t f o r th e e n

t i r e j o b .orpo-..;-V o.: --.o :.o . lo ; Jo" o' v o.v V' -i-o;

Due to th e a c c e l e r a t e d p rog ram o f t r a n s m is s io n l i n e co n -Vr-: ̂ oo’r:-: or:: ■ ;■ :oo . -o o /.o p,.; ; ■ i ^ • o:o oo.o-o 'or- ;s t r u c t i o n i n th e W e s te rn U n ite d S t a t e s o v e r d e s e r t t e r r a i n ,

... %o r V.o o -o ... - . ; : ■ / po ao--' :oi t i s a p p a r e n t t h a t a n a n a l y s i s o f c o n s t r u c t io n c o s t s a s i n d i -

oo .; ■ .Lm;: - o ' ' . ’ 'o: r. : :.o o " o o - :o:o-c a te d i n th e o p e n in g p a ra g ra p h w ould be a n a i d t o anyone em-

: 0 0. : . .o'.;: : : JO ■ 0 :0 : : 0 : ::.. ooV' ;b a rk in g on t h i s ty p e o f c o n s t r u c t io n o v e r s i m i l a r t e r r a i n i n

th e p r e p a r a t i o n o f a n i n t e l l i g e n t e s t im a te f o r a b id w h ich he

' ' 1 . W. G. G ro s s , "M an-H ours U sed a s a B a s is f o r U n it L ab o r C o s ts " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , v 9 0 . J u ly 3 0 , 1 9 2 7 . pp 211 -213

s .

may .subm it# . I t i s m ore - r e a l i s t i c to d e v e lo p c r i t e r i a f o r ,

tim e f a c t o r s , f o r th e y a d a p t th e m s e lv e s m ore r e a d i l y to

s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n , and a r e n o t c o n t r o l l e d by c u r r e n t m a rk e t .....

c o n d i t io n s and th e c u r r e n t p u r c h a s in g pow er o f t h e d o l l a r *. - .. . ... ... ̂ - - - - - - " ' ' - ' - . i . , - U :: .. :/ ... -»By; u t i l i z i n g t h e d a ta w h ich i s d e v e lo p e d i n t h i s p r o j e c t , i t

i s p o s s ib l e t o e v a lu a te th e e f f i c i e n c y o f a s i m i l a r c o n s t r u e -

t i o n p r o j e c t# ;

I n t h i s s tu d y , a d e t a i l e d a n a l y s i s w i l l be made o f man

h o u r s , eq u ip m en t h o u r s , e q u ip m en t em ployed , c o n s t r u c t i o n m eth

ods u se d and th e c o s t s a s d i s t r i b u t e d b e tw e e n .th e v a r io u s s p e c

i f i c a t i o n i te m s on th e 230 k v . D av is D am -P arker Dam t r a n s m is

s io n l in e # T h is s tu d y w i l l c o n c e rn i t s e l f p r i m a r i l y w i th th e

I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f e x p e n d i tu r e s f o r f o u n d a t io n s and to w e rs w h ich

w ere u t i l i z e d i n th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f th e t r a n s m is s io n l in e #

D ata u s e d i n th e c o m p i la t io n o f t h i s s tu d y was s e c u re d

b y f i e l d f o r c e s a t th e tim e t h a t th e w ork was i n p ro g re s s *

M an-hours and eq u ip m en t h o u r s exp en d ed on e a c h o p e r a t i o n w ere

r e p o r t e d d a i l y on s u i t a b l e fo rm s c o m p le te d by i n s p e c t o r s on

th e c o n s t r u c t io n p r o j e c t# W eekly p a y r o l l s f u r n i s h e d by th e

c o n t r a c t o r a c t e d a s a ch eck on f i e l d r e p o r t s and gave t r u e

am ounts o f l a b o r c o s ts # The a u th o r m a in ta in e d c o n s ta n t p e r

s o n a l c o n ta c t w i th th e f i e l d o p e r a t io n s d u r in g th e e n t i r e

p e r io d o f c o n s t r u c t i o n , a p ro c e d u re w h ich r e v e a l e d a g r e a t

d e a l o f in f o r m a t io n w h ic h w ould o th e rw is e be la c k in g * D a i ly

r e p o r t s w ere made to th e o f f i c e e n g in e e r by th e c o n s t r u c t i o n

e n g in e e r s , w h ich a l s o p ro v id e d a n e x c e l l e n t s o u rc e o f p e r t i n e n t

7 .

in fo rm a tio n * M onth ly p a y e s t im a t e s f o r w ork a c c o m p lish e d

was th e s o u rc e o f i n f o r m a t io n u s e d i n th e p r e p a r a t i o n o f

f i n a l u n i t c o s ts * A m o n th ly a u d i t o f th e c o n t r a c t o r s ex p en

d i t u r e s was made by th e a u th o r i n o r d e r t o a c c u r a t e l y d i s t r i

b u te th e v a r io u s c h a r g e s . M ethods o f c o n s t r u c t i o n u s e d w i l l

be d e s c r ib e d i n d e t a i l , and : i l l u s t r a t e d by p h o to g ra p h s w h ic h

w ere ta k e n by th e a u th o r d u r in g c o n s t r u c t io n *

V CHAPTER I I :: - C;.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 1 : '

The f o u n d a t io n s and s t e e l to w e rs f o r th e 230 k i l o v o l t ,

3 -p h a s e s i n g l e - c i r c u i t t r a n s m is s io n l i n e e x te n d e d fro m th e

s w itc h y a rd a t D av is Dam, A r iz o n a f o r a d i s t a n c e o f 69•9 m ile s

t o th e s w itc h y a rd a t P a rk e r Dam, C a l i f o r n i a .

The. p r i n c i p a l f e a tu r e 's o f w ork to be p e rfo rm e d u n d e r

th e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s in c lu d e d c l e a r i n g la n d and r i g h t - o f - w a y ;

a l l r e q u i r e d l e v e l i n g o f s t r u c t u r e s i t e s ; e x c a v a t io n and b a c k -

f i l l f o r to w e r f o u n d a t i o n s ; c o n s t r u c t io n o f r e i n f o r c e d con

c r e t e to w e r f o o t i n g s ; and a sse m b ly and e r e c t i o n o f s t e e l t r a n s -

m is s io n to w e r s . The g o v ern m en t was t o f u r n i s h a l l s tu b a n g le s

f o r th e to w er f o u n d a t i o n s , - s t r u c t u r a l - s t e e l members f o r th e

t r a n s m is s io n l i n e to w e rs and e x te n s i o n s , t o g e t h e r w i t h ' a l l n e c

e s s a r y b o l t s , n u t s , l o c k n u t s , s t e p b o l t s , g round w i r e ; g ro u n d

r o d s , g round ro d c lam ps and to w e r c la m p s . I t was th e c o n t r a c

t o r s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to u n lo a d a l l governm en t f u r n i s h e d m a t e r i a l

and to su p p ly a l l o th e r m a t e r i a l s to s u c c e s s f u l l y co m p le te th e

c o n t r a c t . o '

.c, C o m p ris in g th e s c h e d u le w ere t h i r t e e n s e p a r a t e b id i te m s

w h ich w ere a s f o l l o w s : ' - :

- I te m No. - : , D e s c r ip t i o n o f w ork t o be p e rfo rm e d •

1* r C le a r in g l a n d and r i g h t - o f - w a y 1

v.; ; G e n e ra l e x c a v a t io n , common i

9 .

3* G e n e ra l E x c a v a t io n , ro c k

4# E x c a v a tio n ," c6nan6h,harid, f o r' - V::/ : to w e r f o o t in g s J3 .,a.l r -:

5* - E x c a v a t io n , common, a u g e r , f o rto w e r f o o t in g s

6* " E x c a v a t io n , r o c k , f o r to w e r f o o t in g s

7 . b r i l i i n g h o le s f o r a n c h o r b a r s an d '' t g r o u t in g b a r s i n p la c e , r

8 , v F u r n i s h in g and h a n d l in g cem ent

1. 9* a F u r n i s h in g and p l a c in gr e in f o r c e m e n t b a r s

1 0 . P la c in g c o n c re te i n ‘to w e r f o o t in g s

1 1 . P la c in g s t e e l s tu b s f o r to w e r f o o t in g s

1 2 . E r e c t i n g s t e e l to w ers"

1 3 . P la c in g and c o n n e c t in g g round r o d s" ;V: : : o v . " : : i ' j ' - . v ' . r : r • ■ ‘.i aii.;

A p p ro x im a te ly 1 9 .7 m i le s o f th e l i n e c r o s s e s p r i v a t e l y

owned, n o n - i r r i g a b l e l a n d s , and 1 .3 m ile s c r o s s e s S t a t e o f ,

A r iz o n a owned l a n d s . The re m a in in g 4 8 .9 m ile s o f l i n e l i e s

a c r o s s XJ.S. G overnm ent l a n d . The t r a n s m is s io n l i n e p a r a l l e l s

th e C o lo rad o R iv e r to a g r e a t e x t e n t b u t i t s p a th i s m o d if ie d

by n a t u r a l o b s t r u c t i o n s su c h a s m o u n ta in s • F i n a l l o c a t i o n

was made f o r e a s i e s t a c c e s s i b i l i t y and lo w e s t c o s t , i n c o n s t ru e

t i o n . :

T h ro u g h o u t i t s l e n g t h , th e l i n e d o es n o t p a s s th ro u g h

any tow n o r v i l l a g e . I t c r o s s e s two p r im a ry ro a d s and s e v e r a l

s e c o n d a ry d e s e r t r o a d s . As shown i n F ig u re 1 , a t a to w e r b a se

e l e v a t i o n o f 753 f e e t , th e l i n e ru n s s o u th down th e f o o t h i l l s

o f th e B la c k M o u n ta in s , a p p ro x im a te ly p a r a l l e l t o th e C o lo ra

do R iv e r f o r tw o s t r u c t u r e s , v e e r s s o u th e a s t f o r f o u r s t r u c

t u r e s , c r o s s in g A r iz o n a S t a t e Highway Humber 68 w h ic h i s a

p r im a ry r o a d ru n n in g e a s t and w e s t b e tw e e n Kingman and D a v is

Dam* The h ighw ay c r o s s e s b e tw ee n s t r u c t u r e s t h r e e and fo u r*

H ere f o o t in g s f o r th e f i r s t two s t r u c t u r e s w ere l o c a t e d i n

r o c k - ty p e t e r r a i n . H ow ever, from th e r e o n , u n t i l th e a p p ro a c h

t o P a rk e r Dam, th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e s w ere c o m b in a tio n s o f s a n d ,

g r a v e l , r o c k , c a l i c h e , and b o u ld e r s , t h i s b e in g t y p i c a l d e s

e r t t e r r a i n . From s t r u c t u r e Number 6 t o s t r u c t u r e Number 1 4 9 ,

th e l i n e goes i n a s t r a i g h t l i n e * Tower b a se e l e v a t i o n i n

c r e a s e s u n t i l a t s t r u c t u r e Number 33 i t r e a c h e s 1 ,3 8 9 f e e t

and d ro p s a g a in t o 740 f e e t a t s t r u c t u r e Number 129* S o u th

e a s t o f T opock, A riz o n a a r e th e Mohave M o u n ta in s w h ich th e ̂

l i n e c r o s s e s a t a n e l e v a t i o n o f 1 ,6 3 8 f e e t a t s t r u c t u r e Number: : : : : ' .. . . V V

1 5 4 . T h ro u g h o u t i t s l e n g t h , th e e l e v a t i o n o f th e l i n e v a r i e s ;

h o w ev er, i t d e c r e a s e s t o 495 f e e t e l e v a t i o n a t s t r u c t u r e Number

270 w here i t v e e r s t o th e s o u th w e s t and c r o s s e s H avasu Lake*

A f t e r m ak ing th e la k e c r o s s i n g , i t i n c r e a s e s i n e l e v a t i o n u n t i l

i t r e a c h e s 842 f e e t a t s t r u c t u r e Number 2 7 4 , an d a t th e te rm

in u s o f th e l i n e , s t r u c t u r e Number 2 78 , i t h a s a b a se e l e v a t i o n

o f 579 f e e t *

A p a t r o l ro a d was c o n s t r u c t e d by th e governm en t w h ic h

p a r a l l e l e d o r was on th e t r a n s m i s s io n l i n e r ig h t - o f - w a y *

F ig u re I I shows t h i s p a t r o l r o a d and a g e n e r a l v iew o f th e

t e r r a i n a s s e e n lo o k in g s o u th fro m s t r u c t u r e Number 158*

F igu re I I . View lo o k in g so u th from s tr u c tu r e Number 158 . P a tr o l road i s c l e a r l y se en from w hich a c c e ss road s to s tr u c tu r e s i t e s were c o n str u c te d #

H

1 5 .

I t was th e c o n tr a c to r * s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to p ro v id e a c c e s s r o a d s

t o s t r u c t u r e s i t e s fro m t h i s and o th e r e x i s t i n g r o a d s . O nly

one r a i l r o a d i s c ro s s e d by th e t r a n s m is s io n l i n e . T h is i s

th e S a n ta Fe a t a p o in t a b o u t 9 .6 m ile s s o u th o f U .S . H ighway

66 i n th e v i c i n i t y o f P o w e ll , A r iz o n a .

M a te r i a l s u se d on th e P a rk e r Dam en d o f th e l i n e w ere

r e c e iv e d a t B a rp , C a l i f o r n i a , t r a n s p o r t e d by t r u c k o v e r a good

1 6 -m ile s o f h a r d - s u r f a c e d ro a d t o P a rk e r Dam, th e n p la c e d on

a b a rg e and t r a n s p o r t e d a c r o s s th e la k e t o th e l i n e . The gov

e rn m en t had p ro v id e d a p o w e r -d r iv e n b a rg e a t th e la k e f o r th e

u se o f th e c o n t r a c t o r i n t r a n s p o r t i n g h i s m a t e r i a l s and e q u ip

m ent a c r o s s th e l a k e . I t was m anned th o u g h o u t th e w o rk in g day

by governm en t o p e r a to r s a t no e x p e n se t o th e c o n t r a c t o r .

The c o n t r a c t o r d id n o t m a in ta in an y camps f o r th e w ork

e r s . E ach man h a d t o p ro v id e h i s own b o a rd an d room a s b e s t

he c o u ld . I n th e e a r l y p h a s e s o f th e w o rk , th e men s ta y e d i n

B u llh e a d C i ty and K ingm an; h o w e v e r, a s th e l i n e p r o g r e s s e d ,

accom m odations w ere s e c u re d i n O atm an. From t h i s p o i n t on ,

s e c u r in g l i v i n g q u a r t e r s was a p ro b lem a s d i s t a n c e s w ere i n

c r e a s in g and th e w ork was becom ing more i n a c c e s s i b l e . As th e

c o n s t r u c t i o n was a p p ro a c h in g P a r k e r Dam, some o f th e men l i v e d

a t a f i s h i n g camp on Lake H av asu , l o c a t e d a t " S i t e 6 " . L a te r

th e y moved to P a r k e r , A r iz o n a . The f a c t t h a t t h e r e w ere no

l i v i n g f a c i l i t i e s an d g r e a t d i s t a n c e s h a d to be d r iv e n , c a u se d

some d i s s e n s i o n among th e w o rk e r s , and th e tu r n o v e r became h i g h .

The o n ly i n d i v i d u a l s t h a t w ere p a id any s u b s i s t e n c e by th e p rim e

r .. 1 6 .

c o n t r a c t o r w ere a few s a l a r i e d ^ s u p e r v i s o r y I n d i v i d u a l s .

R e fe re n c e i s made to T ab le I f o r a l i s t i n g o f w ages p a id on

t h i s p r o j e c t . / .. , , ................... , / V- / ; ,

The n o rm a l w ork day was 8 h o u rs lo n g . Work i n e x c e s s

o f 8 h o u rs i n one day was p a id f o r . a t th e o v e rtim e r a t e o f tim e

and a h a l f • • .Work p e rfo rm e d o n .S a tu rd a y s a n d .S u n d a y s was a l s o

p a id f o r a t th e o v e r t i m e t r a t e . : D epend ing upon th e s t a t u s o f

th e w o rk , th e c o n t r a c t o r n o rm a lly w o rk e d .8 h o u r s p e r .d a y , 5

days a w eek , o r 40 h o u r s p e r w eek . R e fe re n c e i s made to T ab le

I I and F ig u re s . I l l , IV , and V f o r th e num ber, o f men em p lo y ed ,

h o u rs w o r k e d ;r e g u la r t im e , , o v e r t im e , and w ages p a id by th e

p r im e . c o n t r a c t o r .

E r e c t io n o f th e s t e e l to w e rs , th e u n lo a d in g , h a u l in g• » * * t - ■ % ̂ .? , ' .

and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f th e s t e e l to w e r com ponents w as s u b c o n t r a c

t e d by th e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r to a s t e e l e r e c t o r . The s t e e l

w o rk e rs u n io n i n Los A n g e le s s u p p l ie d th e men fro m t h e r e , '- a n d

th e em p lo y er was r e q u i r e d t o p ay ro u n d t r i p t r a n s p o r t a t i o n "

fro m Los A n g e les i n a d d i t i o n to d a i l y s u b s i s t e n c e . No camps

w ere e s t a b l i s h e d by th e s t e e l e r e c t o r , m aking th e p ro b lem s o f

h i s men th e same a s th o s e of. t h e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r • R e fe re n c e

i s made to T ab le I I I an d F ig u r e s VI and V I I , w h ic h i n d i c a t e

m an -h o u rs and w ages p a id on b id i te m 12 by th e s u b - c o n t r a c t o r .

F o r a g r a p h i c a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f th e m an -h o u rs u t i l i z e d ,

and w ages p a id on th e e n t i r e c o n t r a c t f o r b o th p rim e an d su b

c o n t r a c t o r , r e f e r e n c e i s made t o F ig u r e s V I I I and IX .

R a i l r o a d d e s t i n a t i o n s o f th e v a r io u s ty p e s o f to w e rs

TABLE NO. I

SCHEDULE OF WAGE RATES

D a v is -P a rk e r 250 KV T ra n s m is s io n L in e

S u p e r in te n d e n t . . . ....................... $ 1 4 0 .0 0 /wk*A s s i s t a n t S u p e r in te n d e n t . . ............................................ 1 0 0 .0 0 /w k .Time K eeper . . . . . . ...................................................... 7 5 .0 0 /w k .I n s t ru m e n t Man. ............................ 1 0 0 .0 0 /w k .F orem an, C o n c re te ...................................... 1 0 0 .0 0 /w k .

F orem an, S c re e n P l a n t . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 .0 0 /w k .F orem an, L a b o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 .0 0 /w k .F orem an, S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l , U n lo a d in g and

D i s t r i b u t i o n . • . . . 1 2 5 .0 0 /w k .Forem an, I r o n W o rk e r, R e in f o r c in g . . . . . . . 2 .5 0 / h r .Forem an, I r o n W orker, S t r u c t u r a l ................................. 2 .8 0 / h r .

F orem an, S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l Y a r d ................................. 2 .5 5 / h r .Forem an, C a r p e n t e r . ............................. 2 .3 5 / h r .A i r T oo l O p e ra to r .................................. .... . • 1 .6 5 / h r .C a t e r p i l l a r O p e r a to r . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .1 5 / h r .C a rp e n te r . . . ,. ............................. . . . . . . . . 2 .1 0 / h r .

C o n c re te M ixer O p e ra to r ...................................................... 1 .9 0 / h r .Crane O p e ra to r , S t e e l E r e c t i o n ....................................... 2 .5 0 / h r .I r o n W o rk er, R e in f o r c in g ...................................................... 2 .1 0 / h r .I r o n W orker, S t r u c t u r a l . ................................................ 2 .3 0 / h r .Jackham m er O p e ra to r ................................................................ 1 .7 2 5 / h r .

L a b o r , Common ............................................................................. 1 .4 5 / h r .L a b o r, Cem ent, e t c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .6 5 / h r .M otor P a t r o l O p e ra to r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .2 2 5 / h r .O i l e r , C ran e , S t e e l E r e c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . 1 .8 0 / h r .O i l e r , C a t . , S h o v e l , e t c .............................. . . . . . 1 .6 5 / h r .

Pov/derman ........................................................................................ 1 .8 0 / h r .T ru ck D r i v e r . ...................................................... .... . 1 .5 5 / h r .T ru ck D r iv e r (W ater T r u c k ) ................................................. 1 .5 7 5 / h r .W e ld e r . . . . . . . . ......................................................... 2 .1 0 / h r .W e ld e r ............................ 1 0 0 .0 0 /w k .

1 7 .

TABLE NO. I I

PRIME CONTRACTORS PAYROLL SUMMARY

D a v is - P a r k e r 230 KV T ra n s m is s io n L in e

Max. N o. H rs . W orked H r s . W orked T o ta l M onthly C u m u la tiv e M on th lyP e r io d W orkers R e g u la r Time O v ertim e Wages Wages

8 -2 -4 8 t o 8—27—48 4 482 0 § 1 ,1 7 5 .3 0 1 1 ,1 7 5 .3 08 -2 8 -4 8 t o 1 0 -1 -4 8 5 820 16 2 ,0 1 2 .8 0 3 ,1 8 8 .1 01 0 -2 -4 8 t o 1 0 -2 9 -4 8 4 624 0 1 ,4 9 4 .6 0 4 ,6 8 2 .7 01 0 -3 0 -4 3 to 1 1 -2 6 -4 8 18 1 ,1 4 6 29 2 ,6 9 5 .1 7 7 ,3 7 7 .8 71 1 -2 7 -4 8 to 1 2 -3 1 -4 8 70 5 ,2 2 3 559 1 1 ,6 0 0 .9 0 1 8 ,9 7 8 .7 7

1 —1 —49 t o 1—2 8 —49 58 7 ,8 2 5 619 1 1 ,1 6 8 .0 9 3 0 ,1 4 6 .8 61 —2 9 —49 t o 2 —25—49 62 6 ,9 1 5 1 ,4 1 7 1 5 ,9 1 7 .0 1 4 6 ,0 6 3 .8 72 —2 6 —49 t o 4 —1—49 78 1 0 ,5 9 2 1 ,7 4 5 2 3 ,1 0 7 .4 0 6 9 ,1 7 1 .2 74 - 2 - 4 9 t o 4 -2 9 -4 9 97 8 ,8 3 4 1 ,3 8 8 2 0 ,2 5 9 .1 5 8 9 ,4 3 0 .4 24 -3 0 -4 9 t o 5 -2 7 -4 9 97 8 ,8 8 7 1 ,1 6 7 2 0 ,3 1 1 .2 7 1 0 9 ,7 4 1 .6 9

5 -2 8 -4 9 t o 7 -1 -4 9 84 8 ,4 1 6 1 ,2 7 5 1 8 ,7 3 4 .8 3 1 2 8 ,4 7 6 .5 27 - 2 - 4 9 t o 7 -2 9 -4 9 54 5 ,0 2 5 212 9 ,8 5 9 .0 4 1 3 8 ,3 3 5 .5 67 -3 0 -4 9 t o 8 -2 6 -4 9 33 3 ,3 0 6 53 6 ,5 9 0 .6 5 1 4 4 ,9 2 6 .2 18 —2 7 —49 to 9—30—49 34 3 ,5 3 9 83 7 ,1 6 8 .4 8 1 5 2 ,0 9 4 .6 91 0 -1 -4 9 to 1 0 -2 8 -4 9 18 2 ,1 5 1 24 4 ,2 3 3 .0 3 1 5 6 ,3 2 7 .7 2

1 0 -2 9 -4 9 to 1 1 -2 5 -4 9 7 571 12 1 ,3 1 8 .6 5 1 5 7 ,6 4 6 .3 71 1 -2 6 -4 9 t o 1 2 -9 -4 9 4 320 0 5 6 2 .0 0 1 5 8 ,2 0 8 .3 7

TABLE NO. I l l

SUB CONTRACTORS PAYROLL SUMMARY

(S c h e d u le i te m #12 - E r e c t i n g S t e e l lo w e rs )

D a v is -P a rk e r 230 KV T ra n s m is s io n L in e

P e r io dMan H ours

M onth lyC u m u la tiv e Man H ours

M onth lyWages

C u m u la tiv eW ages

N o v .*48 151 151 $ 2 6 4 .5 0 # 2 6 4 .5 0

D ec . : 825 976 1 ,4 4 8 .2 5 1 ,7 1 2 .7 5

J a n . *49 611 1 ,5 8 7 1 ,2 1 5 .1 8 2 ,9 2 7 .9 3

F e b . T 440 2 ,0 2 7 8 6 4 .6 2 3 ,7 9 2 .5 5

M arch 1 ,8 7 0 3 ,8 9 7 4 ,3 7 1 .3 2 8 ,1 6 3 .8 7

A p r i l 6 ,5 4 2 1 0 ,2 3 9 1 4 ,0 1 0 .4 4 - 2 2 ,1 7 4 .3 1

May 5 ,0 4 7 1 5 ,2 8 6 1 1 ,3 5 8 .2 5 3 3 ,5 3 2 .5 6

June 6 ,0 7 8 2 1 ,3 6 4 1 3 ,4 6 8 .5 8 4 7 ,0 0 1 .1 4

J u ly 6 ,7 7 5 2 8 ,1 3 9 1 5 ,3 1 8 .3 2 6 2 ,3 1 9 .4 6

Aug. 3 ,6 5 7 3 1 ,7 7 6 8 ,6 1 6 .6 0 7 0 ,9 3 6 .0 6

S e p t . 2 ,3 5 1 3 4 ,1 2 7 5 ,3 5 9 .9 0 7 6 ,2 9 5 .9 6

O c t. 2 ,4 1 7 3 6 ,5 4 4 5 ,7 0 8 .7 2 8 2 > 004 .68

N ov. : 1 ,6 6 8 3 8 ,2 1 2 4 ,2 4 3 .6 1 8 6 ,2 4 8 .2 9

D e c . 436 3 8 ,6 4 8 2 ,9 8 7 .9 3 8 9 ,2 3 6 .2 2 :

I -FJQ. wO> j m .

M M M OUFS E X P E N D E D B Y S O B CON T F A G T O R O N $ T E E L r

—I— — J- 4̂

-•— m a n h o u r s

r/G. A/a. x n> R f ^ i :

W AGES PA>D M O /V T H L Y

I / / / /

TXa MSSWm

toOl

MONTHLY AM D TOTALS ON THE. THACT

a re i n d i c a t e d i n T ab le IV . T hese same r a i l d e s t i n a t i o n s w ere

u t i l i z e d by th e c o n t r a c t o r when r a i l sh ip m e n ts w ere made o f

h i s m a t e r i a l s . D i s t r i b u t i o n was b y m o to r t r u c k fro m th e s e

r a i l h e a d s . A l a r g e am ount o f h i s m a t e r i a l s w ere s h ip p e d i n

by m o to r f r e i g h t .

C o n s t r u c t io n e q u ip m en t e m p lo y e d o n t h i s p r o j e c t was a l l

o f s t a n d a r d d e s ig n and m ake. I n T ab le V i s l i s t e d a l l th e

eq u ip m en t u s e d , t o g e t h e r w i th r e n t a l r a t e s f o r e a c h p i e c e .

As e a c h b id i te m i s d i s c u s s e d i n th e n a r r a t i v e , r e f e r e n c e w i l l

be made to th e eq u ip m en t u t i l i z e d and any o f i t s c h a r a c t e r i s

t i c s w h ich m ig h t in f lu e n c e th e c o s t s i n c u r r e d . E qu ipm en t r e n

t a l r a t e s o f th e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r a r e b a s e d on th e J a n u a ry 3 ,

1949 i s s u e o f "S c h e d u le o f E qu ipm en t O w nersh ip E x p e n s e " ,

p u b l i s h e d by th e B u reau o f R e c la m a tio n .

A b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e p ro c e d u re and eq u ip m en t u se d

i n a c c o m p lis h in g th e w ork i s g iv e n f o r e a c h b id i te m :

B id I te m # 1 : C le a r in g L and and R ig h t-o f-W a y :

In c lu d e d u n d e r t h i s i te m were th e b u i ld in g o f a c c e s s

ro a d s to s t r u c t u r e s i t e s from th e p a t r o l r o a d , m a in ta in in g

th e p a t r o l ro a d d u r in g c o n s t r u c t i o n to k e ep i t p a s s a b l e , th e

rem o v a l o f a l l g ro w th s w i t h in a 25 f o o t r a d i u s o f any to w e r

l e g , and th e c l e a r i n g o f a 6 2 -1 /2 f o o t p a th on e a c h s id e o f

th e c e n t e r l i n e o f th e t r a n s m is s io n l i n e o f a l l g ro w th s m ore

th a n 5 f e e t i n h e i g h t . E qu ipm en t u s e d on t h i s i te m w a s :

1 D-7 C a terp illa r tra c to r and b u lld ozer1 #12 c a te r p i l la r grader 1 2 ton C hevrolet T ru c k

2 7 .

2 8 ,

TABLE NO. IV

RAILROAD DESTINATION OF TOWER STEEL

D a v is " P a rk e r 230 KV T ra n s m is s io n L in e

Type o f Tower

Kingman A r iz e •

TopocA r i z ,

P o w e llA r i z .

E a rpC a l ,

T o ta l N o, o f E ach

60*SL 15 58 89 39 201

80»SL 6 15 17 8 46

60»SAL 1 — 2 1 4

" 60*SAL-1 3 1 — - 4

80*SAL mm mm 1 1

80«SAL-1 1 2 1 4

50* TL 2 2 2 2 8

50*TL-1 mmmm ' 1 1

70*TL 1 2 3

TAL — 1 1 2

STRL w- 2 2

1 4 0 *SL — 2 2

T o ta l No, 27T ow ers a tE ach D e s t i n a t i o n

79 114 58 278

TABLE NO. V

SCHEDULE OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL RATESD a v is -P a rk e r 230 KV T ra n s m is s io n L in e

I te m Y e a r Make M odel a n d /o r C a p a c ityM onth lyR e n ta l

M oto r P a t r o l , G ra d e r 1942 C a t e r p i l l a r #12 S 4 4 8 .0 0T r a c t o r and B u l ld o z e r 1942 C a t e r p i l l a r D -7 , 1743 6 3 0 .7 0C o n c re te M ix e r , 2 P n eu . W heels 1943 Rex 1 0 -S , 2 sa c k 1 2 0 .6 0C o n c re te M ix e r, 2 P n e u . W heels 1942 Rex 1 0 -S , 2 s a c k 1 2 0 .6 0A g g re g a te S c re e n in g P l a n t Unknown 40 T o n /h r . 7 3 5 .0 0S h o v e l W l / 2 y d . D ip p e r and D ra g lin e 1948 Bay C ity 2 5 , 1 /2 y d . 608 .47V i b r a t o r , C o n c re te (2 ) M all e a . 3 5 .0 0C o n c re te B u c k e tCase T r a c to r W/Hough L o ad e r (R en ted ) W h ee lb arro w S c a le , P la t f o r m 1946 H ardy 1 Ton e a .

2 0 .0 02 2 5 .0 0

3 0 .0 0C ra w le r T re n c h Hoe (R en ted ) 1948 B u c y ru s -E r ie 15 B 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0W e ld e r , A rc 1949 L in c o ln S -3 6 9 5 ,2 0 0 amp. 2 6 .7 9W e ld e r , T ru c k M ounted (F o rd T ruck ) 1948 W estin g h o u se # 3 3 , 300 amp. 1 9 9 .5 0T ank T ru c k , W ater 1942 F ord 2 ,3 6 0 g a l . 1 1 6 .8 5T ru c k , F .B . 1948 Dodge 1 - 1 /2 T . 1 2 2 .3 5T ru c k , F .B . 1948 Chav. 2 T 1 3 9 .0 0T ru c k , F .B . 1948 Chev. 2 T 1 3 3 .2 4T ru c k , F .B . 1940 D ia . T. 1 - 1 /2 T 4 5 .6 0T ru c k , F .B . ( C a b o re r E n g in e ) 1940 I n t e r . 2 T 3 4 .4 9T ru c k , 4 X 4 W/A F ra n e and W inch 1947 Dodge 0347 PA 1 1 2 .5 8T ru c k , Dump 1940 Chev. 1345 DP 5 c u .y d . 7 3 .0 3T ru c k , Dump (R e n te d ) 1943 I n t e r . K-7 3 0 0 .0 0T ru c k , Dump (R e n te d ) T ru c k , W ater 1937 Mack 2 Ton

2 0 0 .0 03 5 .2 8

T ru c k , W ate r F o rd 2 ,4 0 0 g a l . 3 7 5 .0 0T ru c k , P ic k u p 3 /4 T 1948 Chev. 0748 PU 1 1 9 .5 4T ru c k , P ic k u p 3 /4 T 1948 Chev. 20 F r 12207 1 1 4 .3 5T ru c k , P ic k u p l / 2 T 1948 Chev. 20 FRJ5322 1 0 7 .0 5T ru c k , P ic k u p l / 2 T 1949 C hev. 1 1 2 .2 5 ^T ru c k , P ic k u p l / 2 T 1949 C hev. CCB 13104 1 1 3 .0 2 «?.T ru c k , P ic k u p 1 - 1 /2 T 1940 I n t e r . 3 4 .3 5 *

< 11 qih -

T r a i l e r , W ate r T an k , 2 W heel P n e u . T r a i l e r , 2 W h ee l, S ta k e Body A u g e r, H ighw ay, M ounted on F . W . D . ' A u g e r, B uda, T ru c k M ounted A u g e r, M & M;

TABLE NO. V (c o n t in u e d )

Y ear .... Make , ; M odel a n d /o r C a p a c ity. 'y' ;

1948 ■ ' : ■ 250 g a l . ■1948 i . ' 250 g a l . '( R e n te d ,o p e r a te d & m a in t) 18“ - 3 6 " ' '•

^ ( R e n te d ,o p e r a te d & m a in t) 18" - 36" (R e n te d ,o p e r a te d & m a in t) 18" - 36"

M onth lyR e n ta l

| 7 .2 9 .5 .1 3

1 3 .0 0 h r .1 2 .0 0 h r . 1 2 .5 0 h r .

Pump, W a te r -2 1946 Rex " . 2 ” : e a . 2 1 .7 3Pump, W ater . . ; • * ' ' 1946 Rex . 3" : . >■ 3 0 .3 4Pump, W ate r 1949 : Rex " ■■ :• 1 -1 /2 " : .« ' / 1 0 .9 9Pump, W ate r - 3 ■ 1949 J a e g e r ; 1 -1 /2 P - 1 - 1 /2 " ' 1 0 .7 4C o m p resso r, A ir W/2 P n e u .T ir e s - 5 1948-•49 W o r th in g to n 105 c . f . g a s o l in e ea# 1 4 0 .0 0Pavem ent B re a k e r - 4 1 , - 1948 ; T h o r 60 c . f . ea# 2 9 .2 5Jackham m er - 4 , 1949 I n g e r . - R a n d " JB4 ea# 3 0 .0 0A ir Gun - 6 1949 T hor .18 ea# 1 6 .2 0C h ip p in g Gun - 2 1949 I n g e r . - R a n d ea# 2 0 .0 0T r a n s i t & T r ip o d :/ L e i t z ,' ■... 3 5 .0 0H o i s t , S t a t i o n a r y , 1 Drum, G a so lin e •: ' ' . ' 4 5 .0 0

EQUIPMENT USED ON STEEL ERECTION BY SUB-CONTRACTORr ■ . . ■

M otor Crane . V L o r r a in e MC 414 9 9 5 .0 0H o is t and G in P o le : 8 5 .0 0T ru c k , P ic k u p , 3 /4 T 1948 Dodge 1 3 5 .0 0T ru c k , P ic k u p , l / 2 T 1948 Dodge 1 3 5 .2 0T ru c k , F l a t r a c k , 2 T 1948 ■ G .M .C . 1 6 8 .8 3C rane . ■ 1 U ta h 2 Ton 1 0 .0 0Clam S h e l l M ic h ig a n " 1 8 .0 0T ru c k , P ic k u p 3 /4 T F o rd 3 .5 0T ru c k , P ic k u p l / 2 T I n t e r . 3 .2 4T ru c k , Sem i 2 - 1 /2 T I n t e r . ' ; • ' 6 .2 5T ru c k , Dump, C h a in D riv e ; ". F o rd 10 y d . 9 .0 0T ru c k , F l a t r a c k , W/Vlfinch r I n t e r . 2 -1 /2 Ton 4 .0 0T ru c k , Sem i . I n t e r . 15 Ton \ 6 .2 5T ru c k , Sem i D ia . T . • ; 6*25T ru c k , Dump 1 F o rd 4 y d .

. ....4 .0 0

T ru c k , Dump Chev. 4 y d . 4 .0 0T r a c to r , C rane I n t e r . TD-14 8 .0 0

3 1 .

1 W o rth in g to n 105 c . f . c o m p re sso r1 3 /4 Ton C h e v ro le t P ic k u p2 Jackham m ers1 2400 g a l lo n w a te r t r u c k

I s o l a t e d I n s t a n c e s w ere e n c o u n te re d w here b l a s t i n g h a d

to be r e s o r t e d t o I n o r d e r to rem ove cem en ted fo r m a t io n s an d

r o c k w h ich th e b u l ld o z e r c o u ld n o t h a n d le . T e r r a in on th e

C a l i f o r n i a s id e was v e ry ru g g e d and m o u n ta in o u s , b e in g m o s t ly

i n ro c k f o r m a t io n s , m ak ing c o n s t r u c t io n o f a c c e s s ro a d s v e ry

e x p e n s iv e . B l a s t i n g h a d to be u t i l i z e d to a g r e a t e x t e n t .

Rem oval o f i s o l a t e d g ro w th s o f b r u s h was a c c o m p lish e d by men

u s in g b ru s h h o o k s .

B id I te m # 2 : G e n e ra l E x c a v a t io n , Common:

U nder t h i s i te m was in c lu d e d th e b e n c h in g o u t o f f o o t i n g s ,

l e v e l i n g s t r u c t u r e s i t e s and p r o v id in g f o r d r a in a g e . E q u ip -

m ent u s e d , t o g e t h e r w i th th e n e c e s s a r y o p e r a to r s f o l lo w s :

1 D-7 C a t e r p i l l a r t r a c t o r and b u l ld o z e r1 #12 C a t e r p i l l a r g r a d e r J ;1 W o rth in g to n 105 c . f . c o m p re sso r 1 Jackham m er

No e x c a v a t io n o f ro c k i s in c lu d e d i n t h i s i t e m .

B id I te m # 3 : G e n e ra l E x c a v a t io n , R ock:

T h ere w ere no l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f r o c k e n c o u n te r e d . S m a ll

am ounts w ere fo u n d a t v a r io u s s t r u c t u r e s i t e s , h o w e v e r. M ost

ro c k was fo u n d a t th e D a v is Dam a n d P a r k e r Dam a r e a s . The

eq u ip m en t u t i l i z e d w as:;

1 W o rth in g to n 105 c . f . c o m p re sso r ■1" Jackham m er'1 D-7 C a t e r p i l l a r t r a c t o r an d d o z e r .

3 2 .

A jackham m er o p e r a t o r and pow der man w ere u t i l i z e d f o r th e

re m o v a l o f t h i s r o c k .

B id I te m # 4 : E x c a v a t io n , Common, Hand f o r Tower F o o t in g s •

A M ic h ig a n l / 2 y a rd C la m sh e ll was t r i e d f o r th e e x c a v a

t i o n o f f o o t i n g s , b u t i t was n o t a s u c c e s s f u l p ie c e o f e q u ip

m e n t. I t c o u ld n o t g e t a f i r m b i t e i n t o th e m a t e r i a l t o be

rem o v ed . When cem en ted g r a v e l s w ere e n c o u n te r e d , th e Clam

s h e l l was u n a b le to rem ove any o f i t . A B ucy rus E r ie l / 2

y a rd Backhoe r e p l a c e d th e C la m s h e l l , F ig u re X. T h is p ie c e

o f eq u ip m en t was v e ry s u c c e s s f u l I n e x c a v a t in g t h i s type o f

m a t e r i a l j h o w e v e r, th e e x c a v a t io n s r e s u l t i n g fro m th e u se o f

th e back h o e w ere e lo n g a te d i n one d im e n s io n , c a u s in g d i f f i c u l

t y i n m aking u n d e rc u ts and m a in ta in in g d ra w in g d im e n s io n s .

The backhoe w as e s p b c i a l l y s u i t a b l e f o r th e e x c a v a t io n o f

f o o t in g s o f th e p ad ty p e , i . e . , th o s e w i th o u t u n d e r c u t •

A bout t h r e e s t r u c t u r e s o r tw e lv e f o o t in g s o f th e p a d ty p e c o u ld

be c o m p le te d w i th th e bacM ioe p e r d a y . To a s s i s t th e backhoe

i n e x c a v a t in g to n e a t l i n e s and p e r fo rm in g f i n e g r a d in g , e i g h t

l a b o r e r s , i n two c re w s , p lu s a fo rem an w ere u s e d . F ig u re XI

i l l u s t r a t e s th e f o u r ty p e s o f f o o t in g s u t i l i z e d .

The s i z e o f th e c rew s v a r i e d fro m tim e t o t im e , b u t th e

f o r e g o in g was th e a v e ra g e am ount o f m anpower u s e d . An o i l e r

and o p e r a to r c o m p rise d th e backhoe c rew . E qu ipm en t u s e d co n

s i s t e d o f :

2 W o rth in g to n 105 c . f . c o m p re sso r1 D-7 C a t e r p i l l a r t r a c t o r and d o z e r2 2 ,4 0 0 - g a l lo n w a te r t a n k t r u c k s

3 4 .

LARGE- R A D R O O T W G

FIG. NO. JZZ

R O C K FOOT/NG

3 5 .

8 A ir t o o l s (P avem ent b r e a k e r s . Jackham m ers)1 2 -T on t r u c k

: 1 3 /4 Ton p ic k u p _

When a l l e x c a v a t io n s t h a t c o u ld be c o m p le te d w i th th e back h o e

w ere f i n i s h e d , th e num ber o f c o m p re sso rs w ere in c r e a s e d to

t h r e e an d th r e e crew s o f f o u r men e a c h w ere u s e d i n e x c a v a t

in g , u n d e r c u t t i n g an d f i n e g ra d in g # s.

S e v e r a l f o o t in g s w ere e n c o u n te re d w h ich r e q u i r e d s h o r in g

to r e t a i n th e b low sa n d w h ich was p r e v a l e n t . Due to th e w in d

w h ich b lew c o n s t a n t l y , th e e x c a v a t io n s became f i l l e d up w i th

san d a g a in and h a d to be r e - e x c a v a te d b e fo r e p l a c in g th e con

c r e t e . \ : „ . , ' - , V. . v . . . . . . ...

B a c k f i l l i n g o f s t r u c t u r e e x c a v a t io n s was a c c o m p lish e d

by r e p l a c i n g th e e a r t h w i th th e d o z e r and by p u d d l in g . W ater,

was s u p p l i e d fro m ta n k t r u c k s e q u ip p e d w i th w a te r pumps * When

p r o p e r ly e x e c u te d , t h i s ty p e o f b a c k f i l l i n g by p u d d l in g was

v e ry s a t i s f a c t o r y . E a r th was f i r s t s h o v e le d o n to th e c o n c re te

p ad to a d e p th o f two f e e t an d a b o u t 200 g a l lo n s o f w a te r was

p o u re d i n t o th e e x c a v a t io n , and th e e a r t h p u sh e d i n t o th e e x c a

v a t i o n w i th th e d o z e r t o a d e p th o f a b o u t t h r e e f e e t . A l t e r

n a te l a y e r s o f w a te r an d e a r t h w ere ad d ed u n t i l t h e b a c k f i l l -.

was c o m p le te d .

B id I te m # 5 : E x c a v a t io n , Common, A uger f o r Tower F o o t in g s •

The f i r s t a u g e r e q u ip m e n t b ro u g h t on th e job c o n s i s t e d

o f a homemade a u g e r , m oun ted on a F o rd t r u c k , su c h a s i s u s e d

f o r d ig g in g p o s t h o l e s an d c e s s p o o l s . I t w as a r e n t e d p ie c e

o f e q u ip m e n t, an d was g iv e n a tw o -d ay t r i a l . I t was im p o s s ib le- --

36 o

to a l i g n th e K e l ly b a r to m a in ta in th e c o r r e c t b a t t e r a s th e

m ach ine was n o t r i g i d en o u g h . Ho m a t e r i a l was rem oved w i th

t h i s a u g e r .

A Buda a u g e r m oun ted on a n I n t e r n a t i o n a l T ru ck was n e x t

t r i e d . I t a l s o was g iv e n a tw o -d a y t r i a l a n d p ro v e d v e ry u n

s a t i s f a c t o r y . The d e s ig n o f th e a u g e r b i t was n o t s u i t a b l e

f o r t h i s jo b . I t h ad a lo n g t h i n p i l o t and th e c u t t i n g edge

was i n th e fo rm o f a k n i f e . W henever a s l i g h t o b s t r u c t i o n

was e n c o u n te r e d , su c h a s a s t o n e , th e a u g e r b e g an to g y ra te

and form e l i p t i c a l h o le s w ith p r a c t i c a l l y no e a r t h b e in g r e

m oved. The t o t a l am ount o f e a r t h rem oved w i th t h i s a u g e r was

s i x c u b ic y a rd s *

A n o th e r a u g e r was r e n t e d , o p e ra te d and m a in ta in e d , w h ic h

c o n s i s t e d o f a h ig h w ay a u g e r m ounted on a F.W .D . T ru c k , F ig

u re X I I . A tw o-m an crew was u se d on th e a u g e r , one a s d r i v e r

and th e o th e r a s o p e r a t o r . One l a b o r e r was p ro v id e d who r e

moved th e e a r t h from th e m outh o f t h e e x c a v a t io n w i th a sh o v

e l . A t o t a l o f 155 c u b ic y a rd s o f m a t e r i a l was e x c a v a te d

w i th th e h ighw ay a u g e r .

I t c a n be p o in te d o u t h e r e t h a t i f th e a u g e r was m ounted

on a D-4 C a t e r p i l l a r , many f o o t i n g s w h ich w ere p a s s e d up b e

c au se o f f e a r i n w re c k in g th e F.W .D. t r u c k c o u ld have b e e n

r e a c h e d and a u g e re d , th u s i n c r e a s i n g th e am ount o f a u g e re d

f o o t i n g s .

B ases o f th e a u g e r f o o t in g s w ere u n d e rc u t by u s i n g p o le

h o le s h o v e ls an d s c o o p s . H o le s r e s u l t i n g fro m t h i s a u g e r w ere

F ig u re X I I# H ighw ayf o o t in g

_ _ _- ■ •• *a v " " — I WT WF ^ ' ^ • ;& -v ' S A f Aau ger mounted on a F.W .D. tr u c k b eing a lig n e d over s tr u c tu r e s ta k e b e fo re s ta r t in g t o d i g .

3 8 .

f a i r l y u n ifo rm i n c r o s s - s e c t i o n , b u t t h e r e was e v id e n c e o f

b r e a k in g away o f th e w a l l s w h ich r e s u l t e d i n th e b o re s b e in g

o f g r e a t e r d ia m e te r th a n r e q u i r e d .

B id I te m # 6 : E x c a v a t io n , R ock , f o r Tower F o o t in g s !

T h ro u g h o u t th e . jo b , ro c k e x c a v a t io n was p e rfo rm e d i n

t e r m i t t e n t l y . Some r o c k was e x c a v a te d i n s t r u c t u r e s Numbers

1 , 2 , 2 8 , 2 9 , and s t r u c t u r e s Numbers 93 to 1 0 2 . From s t r u c

t u r e s Numbers 136 to 278 , r o c k w as fo u n d r a t h e r c o n s i s t e n t l y

i n s m a ll a m o u n ts . ..

- D epend ing on th e fo rm a t io n s e n c o u n te re d , a s h ig h a s f o u r

crew s w ere u se d s im u l ta n e o u s ly on ro c k e x c a v a t io n * Where r e

q u i r e d , h o le s w ere d r i l l e d and d y n am ite was u s e d i n b l a s t i n g

th e r o c k . The f o l lo w in g i s a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e crew s i z e and

e q u ip m en t u s e d :

E q u ip m en t: L a b o r : - -

1 W o rth in g to n 105 c . f . c o m p re sso r 1 Jackham m er o p e r a to r

1 Jackham m er 1 Powder man

1 Pavem ent b r e a k e r 3 L a b o re rs - ̂ : v:/ ;

B a c k f i l l i n g was a c c o m p lish e d by u s in g a D-7 C a t e r p i l l a r

t r a c t o r w i th b u l ld o z e r and a 2 ,4 0 0 g a l l o n w a te r t a n k t r u c k .

The b a c k f i l l i n g was p u d d le d i n t o th e e x c a v a t io n . I n c a s e s

w here t h e r e was I n s u f f i c i e n t f i n e e a r t h i n th e s p o i l , b a c k f i l l

m a t e r i a l was h a u le d i n from b a rro w p i t s .

B id I te m # 7 : D r i l l i n g H o le s f o r A ncho r B a rs and G ro u tin g B a rsi n P l a c e .

A nchor b a r s a r e u s e d o n ly on r o c k - ty p e f o o t i n g s . The

3 9 .

f i r s t one e n c o u n te re d was on s t r u c t u r e Number 1 4 5 . F o u r h o l e s

w ere d r i l l e d in. e a c h f o o t i n g t o a d e p th o f f i v e f e e t and r e

i n f o r c i n g g r o u te d i n t o p l a c e . R o c k -ty p e f o o t i n g s w ere a l s o

e n c o u n te re d on s t r u c t u r e s Numbers 2 73 , 2 7 4 , 2 7 5 , 2 76 , 277 and

2 7 8 . E qu ipm en t and l a b o r c o n s i s t e d o f t h e f o l lo w in g :

E q u ip m en t: L a b o r :

1 W o rth in g to n <105 e . f • c o m p re sso r 1 Jackham m er o p e r a to r

1 Jackham m er " • 2 L a b o re rs

Due to th e few r o c k - ty p e f o o t in g s c o n s t r u c t e d , t h i s i te m was

a s m a ll o p e r a t io n .

B id I te m # 8 : F u r n is h in g an d H a n d lin g Cem ent:

A l l cem ent f o r th e c o n t r a c t was f u r n i s h e d by th e p r im e -

c o n t r a c t o r , and was s h ip p e d I n c a r lo a d l o t s from th e p l a n t a t

Oro G ran d e , C a l i f o r n i a to K ingm an, T opoe, P o w e ll , and E a rp ,

d e p e n d in g upon th e l o c a t i o n i n w h ich th e cem ent was to be u s e d .

U n lo a d in g and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f th e cem ent was s u b - c o n t r a c t e d

to a l o c a l t r u c k i n g c o n c e rn a t th e r a t e o f $6 a t o n . The c o s t

o f th e u n lo a d in g an d d i s t r i b u t i o n w h ich was p a id th e su b -c o n

t r a c t o r i s c o n s id e r e d a s th e c o s t o f m a t e r i a l i n t h i s r e p o r t .

The s u b - c o n t r a c t o r u n lo a d e d an d s ta c k e d a s p e c i f i e d nximber o f

sa c k s o f cem ent a t e a c h s t r u c t u r e s i t e . S h o r ta g e s an d o v e r

a g e s o c c u r r e d , h o w e v e r, w h ich r e q u i r e d th e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r

to r e h a n d le and r e d i s t r i b u t e th e c e m e n t.

L abor and e q u ip m e n t h o u r s i n d i c a t e d a r e th o s e w h ich

w ere exp en d ed by th e p rim e c o n t r a c t o r i n th e r e h a n d l in g an d

r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c e m e n t.

4 0 .

B id I te m # 9 i F u r n i s h in g an d P la c in g R e in fo rc e m e n t B a r s i

F a b r i c a t i o n o f r e i n f o r c i n g s p i r a l s was a c c o m p lish e d a t

s t e e l y a rd s e s t a b l i s h e d a t t h r e e l o c a t i o n s a lo n g th e l i n e .

P re fo rm e d s t e e l was d e l i v e r e d by m o to r t r u c k fro m Los A n g e le s

and dumped a t th e s e e s t a b l i s h e d s t e e l y a r d s . To f a b r i c a t e

th e r e i n f o r c i n g s p i r a l s o r s tem s t e e l , a s t e e l w e ld in g j i g

was c o n s t r u c t e d w h ich was s e t i n t o a c o n c re te p a d . F ig u re

X I I I . When th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l was p la c e d i n t o th e j i g , i t

assum ed th e p r o p e r b a t t e r due t o th e c o r r e c t a l ig n m e n t o f th e

j i g w i th th e c o n c r e t e . .

A 300 am pere W e stin g h o u se w e ld e r m ounted on a F o rd t r u c k

was u se d f o r w e ld in g th e s t e e l t o g e t h e r . The s tu b a n g le was

a l s o p o s i t i o n e d i n th e w e ld in g j i g , and was w eld ed to g e th e r

w i th th e r e i n f o r c i n g s p i r a l . A wooden "A" fram e w i th a c h a in

h o i s t was p ro v id e d f o r th e re m o v a l o f th e w e ld ed r e i n f o r c i n g

s tem fro m th e j i g . One w e ld e r an d a h e lp e r d id a l l th e f a b

r i c a t i o n o f th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l s te m s . C om pleted stem s w ere

d e l iv e r e d to s t r u c t u r e s i t e s w i th a 2 - to n C h e v ro le t f l a t b e d

t r u c k .

R e in f o r c in g s t e e l f o r th e m ats was a s se m b le d by two

i r o n w o rk e rs on th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e . T hese m a ts w ere n o t w e ld

e d , b u t w ere t i e d t o g e t h e r w i th i r o n w i r e . On l a r g e p a d f o o t

i n g s , th e b a se m at s t e e l was a s se m b le d p ie c e m e a l i n th e b a se

o f th e e x c a v a t io n . F ig u re XIV• On u n d e rc u t ty p e f o o t i n g s ,

th e s t e e l m ats w ere a s se m b le d on th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e an d th e n

4 1 .

F igure X I I I . T h is shows the s t e e l w e ld in g j i g c a s t in c o n c r e te pad a t s t e e l y a rd . R e in fo r c in g bars and stu b a n g le are in s e r t e d in to j i g and w elded t o g e t h e r . Lower r in g i s b e in g w elded in to p la c e .

F igu re XIV. T h is shows a la r g e pad f o o t in g fo r a 6 0 1 SL tow er w ith the r e in f o r c in g s t e e l p la ced and c o n c r e te form a tta c h e d ready to be poured*

&*

4 3 .

a t t a c h e d to th e stem s t e e l . The c o n c r e te form a w ere a t t a c h e d

and th e w hole u n i t lo w e re d I n t o th e e x c a v a t io n b y -a 4 x 4

Dodge t r u c k e q u ip p e d w i th a n "A9 f r a m e . ; ;

When th e r o c k - ty p e f o o t in g s w ere e n c o u n te r e d , th e s t e e l

w ork was a l l . done i n d i v i d u a l l y . The r e i n f o r c i n g ban d s w ere

f a b r i c a t e d on th e jo b f o r e a c h f o o t i n g , and w ere w e ld ed to

th e g ro u te d b a r s . T h is w ork was a c c o m p lish e d by one i r o n

w o rk e r and a l a b o r e r . W eld in g was done w i th a 200 am pere

M odel S 3695 L in c o ln w e ld e r m ounted on s k i d s . .

B id I te m # 1 0 : P la c in g C o n c re te i n Tower F o o t in g s :

A 4 0 - to n p e r h o u r s c r e e n in g p l a n t was e r e c t e d and o p e r

a t e d n e a r " s i t e 6" to p ro v id e a g g re g a te an d sa n d when c o n c re te

o p e r a t io n s w ere s t a r t e d s o u th o f P o w e ll , A r iz o n a . I t was

e r e c t e d n e a r th e edge o f H avasu Lake a s a s o u rc e o f w a te r to

be u s e d i n w a sh in g th e a g g re g a te and s a n d . G ra v e l from th e

p i t was rem oved w ith a l / 2 y a rd Bay C i ty s h o v e l , and t r a n s

p o r t e d to th e s c r e e n in g p l a n t by a 1940 C h e v ro le t 4 y a rd dump

t r u c k . To o p e r a te th e p l a n t r e q u i r e d th e s e r v i c e s o f a f o r e

m an, s h o v e l o p e r a t o r , o i l e r , p l a n t o i l e r , and two l a b o r e r s .

T here w ere many p ro lo n g e d b reakdow ns o f th e e q u ip m e n t . T hese

b reakdow ns c o u p le d w i th th e o r i g i n a l c o s t o f s h ip p in g , e r e c t

in g , and o p e r a t i n g th e p l a n t , made th e c o s t o f th e r e s u l t i n g

sa n d and a g g re g a te v e ry high® S e p a ra te c o s t s w ere n o t k e p t

on th e s c r e e n in g p l a n t ; h o w e v er, i n d i c a t i o n s w ere t h a t i t

w ould have b e e n c h e a p e r t o buy th e a g g r e g a t e .

.....A t th e D av is Dam end o f th e l i n e , a g g re g a te was p u rc h a s e d

fro m th e G overnm ent an d was t r u c k e d to th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e s a t

a r a t e o f $ 1 .5 0 p e r c u b ic y a rd m i l e . As th e w ork p r o g r e s s e d

s o u th o f P o w e ll , a g g re g a te was h a u le d o u t fro m s t o c k p i l e s

c r e a t e d a t th e s c r e e n in g p l a n t . When o p e r a t io n s v/ere c e n te r e d

c lo s e t o ,P a r k e r Dam, r o c k was s h ip p e d i n t o E a rp by r a i l an d

t r a n s p o r t e d t o th e jo b s i t e by two f o u r y a rd t r u c k s .

C o n c re te m e ta l fo rm s w ere su sp en d e d fro m m e ta l te m p la te s

w h ich w ere c o n s t r u c te d o f a n g le i r o n , w e ld ed t o g e t h e r . The

s tu b a n g le was b o l t e d t o th e te m p la te arm w h ich was a d ju s te d

t o p r o p e r l o c a t i o n and e l e v a t i o n by th e te m p la te c rew . D ur

in g p o u r i n g , . c o n s t a n t r e a d in g s w ere ta k e n w i th th e t r a n s i t t o

in s u r e t h a t th e s tu b a n g le d id n o t change e l e v a t i o n o r l o c a

t i o n . A b u i ld i n g ja c k was p la c e d u n d e r th e f r o n t o f th e c e n

t e r b ra c e o f th e te m p la te t o p ro v id e v e r t i c a l a d ju s tm e n t o f

th e s tu b a n g le p o s i t i o n . , . . ^

C o n c re te was m ixed by a Hex 10 S M ixer w h ic h was m ount

ed on 2 p n e u m a tic t i r e s and tow ed from s t r u c t u r e to s t r u c t u r e .

W ater f o r th e c o n c re te was s u p p l i e d by a ta n k t r u c k w h ic h

f i l l e d a lu m in u m - a i r c r a f t g a s o l in e t a n k s . W ater was pumped

from th e s e p o r t a b l e ta n k s to th e m ix e r . C o n c re te from th e

m ix e r was t r a n s p o r t e d to th e f o o t in g e x c a v a t io n b y w h e e lb a r

ro w s . T h is m ethod was s lo w , r e q u i r i n g much tim e and l a b o r ,

due to th e ro u g h n e s s o f th e t e r r a i n . W ith o u t an y i n t e r r u p

t i o n s r e s u l t i n g fro m m a t e r i a l s h o r t a g e s o r m e c h a n ic a l b re a k

dow ns, i t was p o s s i b l e t o p o u r two s t r u c t u r e s a day on th e

4 4 .

4 5 ,

a v e r a g e • A c o m p le te d l a r g e p ad f o o t i n g i s shown b e fo r e

b a c k f i l l i n F ig u re XV.

T horough v i b r a t i o n o f a l l c o n c re te was a c c o m p lish e d b y

th e u se o f c o n c re te v i b r a t o r s • A l l e x p o se d s u r f a c e s o f th e

c o n c re te w ere s p ra y e d w i th c u r in g compound o f th e w h ite p i g

m en ted ty p e .

E qu ipm en t and l a b o r u se d on th e c o n c r e te w ork was norm

a l l y a s f o l lo w s :

E q u ip m en t! L ab o rs

1 Rex 10 S M ixer 1 1 Rex pump 1 1 Howe Aggr e g a t e s c a le 6 1 M a ll v i b r a t o r 2 6 W h ee lb a rro w s.1 Hand s p ra y f o r c u r in g compound2 Aluminum a i r c r a f t ta n k s1 W ater ta n k t r u c k , 2 ,4 0 0 g a l lo n s2 2 - t o n C h e v ro le t F l a tb e d t r u c k

Forem an M ixer o p e r a to r L a b o re rs T ruck d r i v e r s

- -■ ■ - ■ ---t . ! -' , - - *. _ " .

The maximum p e rm is s a b le te m p e ra tu re o f th e c o n c re te

a llo w e d was 9.0°; t h e r e f o r e , i t was n e c e s s a r y to p u t c ak e s o f

i c e i n t o th e m ix w a te r d u r in g th e h o t w e a th e r i n o r d e r to , .

s t a y w i t h in p e m i s s a b l e te m p e ra tu re l i m i t s •

C o n c re te o p e r a t io n s became more d i f f i c u l t a s th e y p ro

g r e s s e d on t h e , C a l i f o r n i a s id e o f th e la k e due to th e m ount

a in o u s an d ro o k y t e r r a i n . D i f f e r e n t p la c e m e n t m ethods w ere

u se d on v a r io u s s t r u c t u r e s . On s t r u c t u r e Number 2 7 3 , th e

a p p ro a c h was e x c e e d in g ly s t e e p , m ak ing i t im p o s s ib le t o t r u c k

d i r e c t l y to th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e . ' A "dead -m an" was c o n s t r u c t e d

a t th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e on to p o f th e h i l l , an d a g a s o l in e drum

4 6 .

F igure XV. T his i s a com pleted la rg e pad SL f o o t in g w ith cu r in g compound a p p lie d to co n c re te a w a it in g b a c k f i l l i n g .

47 e

h o i s t was o p e ra te d a t th e b o tto m o f th e h i l l . C o n c re te was

dumped from th e m i x e r . i n t o a c o n c re te bug g y , a c a b le was

f a s t e n e d t o th e buggy , and a man g u id e d and b a la n c e d th e bug

gy a s i t was p u l l e d up th e i n c l i n e . On s t r u c t u r e 274 a b o tto m

dump c o n c re te b u c k e t was m ounted to th e f r o n t o f a D-7 d o z e r

b la d e and t h i s s e t up was u se d i n t r a n s p o r t i n g th e c o n c r e te

from th e m ix e r t o th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e , f i g u r e XVI. To p ro v id e

a m eans o f d i r e c t i n g th e c o n c re te fro m th e b u c k e t i n t o th e

f o o t i n g s , s t e e l s tem fo rm s w ere u s e d a s a c o n c re te c h u te .

Forms f o r th e r o c k ty p e f o o t i n g s w ere made o f p lyw ood and l "

x 6 " . They w ere s u p p o r te d i n p la c e by 2 ” x 4" s t r u t s .

B id I te m # 1 1 : P l a c in g S t e e l S tu b s f o r Tower f o o t i n g # :

S tu b a n g le s w ere h a u le d from th e s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l y a rd #. : : : . : -r • , : - j r , - ;

to t h e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l y a rd s f o r w i ld in g i n t o th e r e i n f o r c

in g s t e e l s tem by a 2 - t o n f l a t b e d t r u c k . A t r u c k d r i v e r and

one l a b o r e r p e rfo rm e d t h i s w o rk .

T em p la tes w ere u t i l i z e d i n l o c a t i n g and s u p p o r t in g th e

s t e e l s tu b a n g le s . They w ere p la c e d by one crew w h ic h was

c o m p rise d o f th e f o l lo w in g l a b o r and e q u ip m e n t:

L a b o r : E q u ip m en t:

1 S u rv e y o r (E n g in e e r ) 1 2 - to n C h e v ro le t f l a t b e d1 C a rp e n te r Forem an t r u c k3 C a rp e n te r s 1 4 x 4 Dodge V//A Frame3 L a b o re rs 1 l / 2 Ton C h e v ro le t P ic k u p1 T ru c k d r iv e r 1 T r a n s i t a n d T r ip o d

The crew and e q u ip m e n t re m a in e d r a t h e r c o n s t a n t , b u t ,

t h e r e w ere some v a r i a t i o n s fro m tim e to t im e . T h is s i z e

te m p la te crew c o u ld n o rm a lly co m p le te th e s e t t i n g o f s tu b

4 8 .

F igure XVI. Bottom dump co n cre te b u ck et mounted on th e b la d e o f a D-7 dozer used In tr a n sp o r t in g co n cre te from m ixer to f o o t in g s on s tr u c tu r e Number 2 7 4 . S t e e l form s used as chute in p la c in g c o n c r e te .

4 9 ,

a n g le s on two to w e rs p e r day* F ig u re XVII shows a te m p la te

i n p o s i t i o n re a d y f o r p o u r in g .

P la c in g o f s tu b a n g le s i n th e r o c k - ty p e f o o t i n g i n

v o lv e d a d i f f e r e n t p r o c e d u r e . T em p la te s w ere n o t u se d t o su p

p o r t o r l o c a t e th e s tu b a n g le . The s tu b a n g le was w e ld ed d i

r e c t l y to th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l a t th e c o r r e c t e l e v a t i o n and

b a t t e r a f t e r b e in g ch eck ed w i th th e t r a n s i t by th e e n g in e e r .

The te m p la te s h a d a te n d e n c y to move when s t r u c k d u r in g

p o u r in g o p e r a t i o n s , and r e q u i r e d a g r e a t d e a l o f e f f o r t t o' " -

ad j u s t t h e m 'p r o p e r ly . The moment c r e a t e d by th e d i s t a n c e o f

th e s u p p o r t s fro m th e p o i n t t o w h ich th e s tu b a n g le was b o l t e d ,

and th e w e ig h t o f th e fo rm s , s tu b a n g le , and r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l ,

c a u se d th e te m p la te to move w i th d i s tu r b a n c e s n o rm a lly a s s o -Vi ‘. - O ' ' • , ... ' " * ' '

e l a t e d w i th p l a c in g o f c o n c r e t e . T h is c E i f f l e n i ty i t i s b e l i e v e d

c o u ld have b e e n c o r r e c t e d by p r o v id in g a : t h i r d l e g d i r e c t l y

o p p o s i te fro m th e two e x i s t i n g o n e s .

A g r e a t d e a l o f tim e was consum ed i n p o s i t i o n i n g th e

s tu b a n g le a s i t was w e ld ed d i r e c t l y to th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l .

The s tu b a n g le w ould h av e b e e n much e a s i e r to p o s i t i o n i f i t

w ere s e p a r a te fro m th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l , and w e ld ed t o th e

s t e e l a f t e r i t w as i n c o r r e c t p o s i t i o n .

B id I te m # 1 2 t E r e c t i n g S t e e l T o w ers :

A l l w ork c o n n e c te d w i th t h i s i te m was a c c o m p lish e d b y

s u b - c o n t r a c t . S t e e l was u n lo a d e d a t s to r a g e y a rd s a t T opoc,

P o w e ll , K ingm an, and E a rp , and d i s t r i b u t e d to s t r u c t u r e s i t e s .

Fi <zure X V II• C lo se -u p o f tem p la te c o r r e c t ly p o s i t io n e d . This i l l u s t r a t e s the 3 ' manner in w hich stu b angle and c o n c r e te form were secu red to

te m p la te ,

5 1 .

Two s t e e l a s se m b ly crew s w ere fo rm e d , e a c h one w o rk in g

on a s e p a r a t e s t r u c t u r e s i t e . The men u t i l i z e d i n b o th crew s

c o n s i s t e d o f :

1 S u p e r in te n d e n t 2 A p p re n tic e I ro n w o rk e rs

1 Forem an 12 S t r u c t u r a l I ro n w o rk e rs

A Dodge 3 /4 to n p ic k u p and a 2 to n G.M .C. f l a t r a c k w ere

u s e d b e tw ee n th e s e two a s se m b ly c re w s . D epend ing upon th e

s t a t u s o f th e e r e c t i o n o p e r a t io n and o th e r f a c t o r s , th e s e two

crew s w ere som etim es re d u c e d to one c rew . A ssem bly b e g an on

s t r u c t u r e Number 25 and p r o g r e s s e d to w a rd s t r u c t u r e Number 1 ,

th e n i t b egan a g a in on s t r u c t u r e Number 2 6 , and c o n tin u e d on

to w ard P a rk e r Dam. E ach a s se m b ly crew was a b le to co m p le te

on th e a v e ra g e o f two to w e rs p e r d a y .

E r e c t i o n o f th e s t e e l to w e rs was a c c o m p lish e d by one

crew , c o n s i s t i n g o f th e f o l lo w in g men and e q u ip m e n t:

E q u ip m e n t: L a b o r :

1 L o ra in Moto C rane MC414 1 Forem an1 1 /2 to n Dodge P ic k u p 1 Crane o p e r a to r

4 S t r u c t u r a l I ro n w o rk e rs 1 O i l e r1 A p p re n tic e I ro n w o rk e r

T h is e r e c t i o n crew w as a b le to e r e c t on th e a v e ra g e o f

t h r e e to w e rs a d a y . The a sse m b ly crew w ould a sse m b le th e s t e e l

members i n t o u n i t s , su c h a s one s id e o f a s e c t i o n , th e n th e

e r e c t i o n crew w ou ld b o l t t h e s e u n i t s i n t o p l a c e . E r e c t i o n o f

th e b r id g e s e c t i o n was a c c o m p lish e d i n t h r e e l i f t s w i th th e

p ro c e d u re u s e d . F ig u re X V III . I f th e a sse m b ly crew s h ad

a sse m b le d th e e n t i r e b r id g e s e c t i o n on th e g ro u n d a s a u n i t ,

5 2 .

the L ora in M oto-Crane• In th e background i s the Kingman-Davis Dam wood p o le l i n e .

5 3 .

th e n th e b r id g e c o u ld have b e e n e r e c t e d I n one l i f t w h ich

w ould h av e r e s u l t e d i n a s a v in g o f tim e and m oney.

Due t o th e e x tre m e h e ig h t o f some o f th e to w e rs , a n d th e

i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y o f some o f th e s t r u c t u r e s i t e s , i t was n e c e s

s a r y to do th e e r e c t i o n e i t h e r w h o lly o r i n p a r t w i t h a b a s k e t

p o l e . Two ex am p les o f to w e rs w h ich w ere to o t a l l t o be e r e c

t e d e n t i r e l y w i th a c ra n e w ere TAL to w e r on s t r u c t u r e Number

1 7 5 , an d th e l a k e - c r o s s i n g to w e r , s t r u c t u r e Number 1 7 0 , F ig

u re XIX. T e r r a in on th e C a l i f o r n i a s id e o f th e l i n e , a d ja c e n t

to P a rk e r Dam, was so ru g g e d t h a t th e c ra n e c o u ld n o t n e g o t i

a te th e a c c e s s r o a d s . E r e c t i o n o f to w e rs i n su c h l o c a t i o n s

was a c c o m p lish e d e n t i r e l y w i th th e b a s k e t p o l e .

When th e b a s k e t p o le was u s e d f o r e r e c t i o n , th e e n t i r e

crew c o n s i s t e d o f : ; : '

1 S u p e r in te n d e n t y : r y ^

1 Forem an

7 S t r u c t u r a l I ro n w o rk e rs

C o s ts w ere s u b s t a n t i a l l y I n c r e a s e d when th e b a s k e t p o le

h a d to be u s e d , a s o u tp u t s u f f e r e d .

Tow ers u s e d on t h i s l i n e w ere f a b r i c a t e d by th e B e th le

hem S t e e l Company, and w ere o f th e s q u a re -b a s e t y p e .

B id I te m # 1 3 : P la c in g and Conne c t i n g G round B o d s :

A t th e b o tto m o f e a c h f o o t i n g , a t e n f o o t c o p p e rw e ld

g round ro d was d r i l l e d o r d r i v e n . C o n n ec ted to th e g ro u n d ro d

th ro u g h a c lam p was a l /O s t r a n d e d c o p p e r c a b l e , th e o t h e r end

F igu re XIX# L ooking e a s t toward Havasu Lake w ith s tr u c tu r e Number 272 in th e fo r e g ro u n d . S tr u c tu r e s 271 and 270 w hich make the la k e c r o s s in g are in the background#

CJlft

55 e

o f w h ich was f a s t e n e d to th e to w e r l e g by m eans o f a c la m p .

Ground c a b le was t in n e d a t th e p o i n t t h a t i t was t o be c u t ,

th u s p r e v e n t in g th e s t r a n d s fro m u n r a v e l in g , and a l s o p r o

v id in g a t in n e d end a t th e p o i n t t h a t i t was to be s o ld e r e d

t o th e g ro u n d clam p an d r o d . The to p en d s o f t h e g ro u n d r o d s

w ere t in n e d f o r a d i s t a n c e o f t h r e e in c h e s b e f o r e b e in g d r iv e n

i n t o th e e x c a v a t io n .

E qu ipm ent and p e r s o n n e l u s e d c o n s i s t e d o f th e f o l lo w in g :

E q u ip m en t: L a b o r :

1 105 c . f . W o rth in g to n C om presso r 1 A i r t o o l o p e r a to r1 Jackham m er 1 L a b o re r1 A irham m er1 3 /4 Ton C h e v ro le t p ic k u p1 P r e s t o l l t e t o r c h

W herever p o s s i b l e , a l l r o d s w ere d r i v e n ; ; h o w ev er, i f

c a l i c h e o r ro c k w ere e n c o u n te r e d , th e n d r i l l i n g was r e s o r t e d •

t o . F o u r in c h e s o f th e ro d w ere l e f t p r o j e c t i n g from th e b o t -

tom o f th e e x c a v a t io n , and on t h i s was f a s t e n e d a g ro u n d ro d

clam p and th e g ro u n d c a b l e . T hese w ere th e n s o ld e r e d t o g e t h e r

a s a u n i t w i th a P r e s t o l i t e t o r c h . A f t e r th e to w e r was e r e c

t e d , th e o th e r end o f th e g ro u n d c a b le was f a s t e n e d t o th e to w er

l e g w i th a c la m p .

CHAPTER I I I .

DEVELOPMENT OF UNIT COSTS AND TIME FACTORS

As s t a t e d p r e v i o u s l y , a l l d a ta p e r t a i n i n g to t h i s a n a l

y s i s was c o l l e c t e d a t th e tim e t h a t th e c o n s t r u c t i o n w as i n

p ro g re s s * I t i s p r e s e n t e d i n t h i s d i s c u s s i o n i n t a b u l a t e d

fo rm i n o r d e r t h a t e a s y r e f e r e n c e to i t c an be made*

I n o rd e r to p r o p e r ly a l l o c a t e c o s t s , t h r e e d i s t r i b u t i o n

a c c o u n ts w ere c r e a t e d f o r i n d i r e c t c o s t s i n a d d i t i o n to th e

d i r e c t c o s t s a c c o u n t u t i l i z e d f o r e a c h b id item * T hese t h r e e

d i s t r i b u t i o n a c c o u n ts w e re :

1* E qu ipm en t M a in te n a n c e an d O p e ra t io n

2* D e fe r r e d and C le a r in g ( o v e r a l l m is c e l la n e o u sa c c o u n t)

3* O verhead

The b reakdow n o f th e s e d i s t r i b u t i o n a c c o u n ts and t h e i r

t o t a l s a r e shown i n T ab le Number VI* I t s h o u ld be n o t e d - t h a t

s e p a r a te e q u ip m en t m a in te n a n c e and o p e r a t io n c o s t s and o v e r

h e a d c o s t s a r e l i s t e d f o r I te m Number 1 2 , E r e c t i n g S t e e l Tow

e r s . T h is i s due to th e f a c t t h a t t h i s i te m was s u b - c o n t r a c t

ed* T hese c o s t s w ere th e ones in v o lv e d by th e s u b - c o n t r a c t o r

A l l m an -h o u rs e x p en d ed , and th e w ages p a id f o r d i r e c t

l a b o r on e a c h b i d i te m a re t a b u l a t e d i n T ab le Number V II*

I n t h i s t a b l e i s g iv e n th e b id i te m num ber and th e t o t a l

am ount o f th e i te m t h a t was c o m p le te d a s r e p r e s e n te d by th e

m an -h o u rs e x p en d ed and w ages p a id *

5 7 .

TABLE HO. VI

BREAKDOWN OF THE‘VARIOUS DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTS

- ' P rim e C o n tr a c to r4

E qu ipm en t M a in ten an ce an d O p e ra t io n

L a b o r , w ages ; ;• ; : iE qu ipm en t r e n t a l c h a rg e sM a te r i a l s (G as, O i l , T i r e s , P a r t s , e t c . )

D e fe r r e d and C le a r in g

L a b o r , w agesE qu ipm en t r e n t a l c h a rg e s S u p p l i e s ’ and m is c e l la n e o u s

: ; . ' :

O verhead

$ 1 0 ,6 2 6 .6 5 , 1 ,7 5 7 .7 6 5 6 ,1 1 6 .5 4

T o ta l $ 4 8 ,4 8 0 .6 3

5 ,4 8 4 .1 5 9 1 6 .0 0

- 5 ,9 2 9 .9 5 -T o ta l $ 1 6 ,3 3 0 .0 8

•r-

-i>

■v. o

1 4 ,5 9 0 .5 81 0 ,1 2 4 .4 1

2 ,9 5 4 .5 4

L a b o r , w ag es: - F ie ld - .-i ;O f f ic e

E qu ipm en t r e n t a l c h a rg e s M is c e lla n e o u s '( I n s u r a n c e , T a x e s , R e n t ,

'• T r a v e l , C o m p en sa tio n e t c . ) * ; 6 7 ,9 5 7 .0 1;; :x . T o ta l $93 ,426 .34"

Sub C o n t r a c to r - I te m N o. 12 - E r e c t i n g S t e e l Tow ers

E qu ipm en t M a in ten an ce an d O p e ra t io n

L a b o r , w agesE qu ipm en t r e n t a l c h a rg e sM a te r i a l s ‘(G as, O i l , T i r e s , P a r t s e t c )

O verhead

L a b o r , w a g e s : - F i e l dO f f ic e

E qu ipm en t r e n t a l c h a rg e s M is c e l l a n e o u s i ( I n s u r a n c e , T a x e s , R e n t,

C om pensa tion e t c . )

$ 4 ,5 6 8 .7 2 1 ,5 5 2 .8 0 6 ,8 9 1 .0 1

T otal $ 16 ,616 .35

$ 7 ,2 0 6 .2 2 2 ,1 5 9 .8 6 1 ,4 9 5 .4 0

z 55^081^95^ T ota l $43 ,641 .41

TOTALS OF DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTS FOR ENTIRE CONTRACT

E qu ip m en t M a in te n an c e an d O p e ra t io nD e fe r r e d and C le a r in gO verhead

$ 6 1 ,0 9 5 .4 81 2 ,5 5 0 .0 8

1 4 1 ,5 6 7 .7 5

r-

TABLE NO. V II

MAN HOURS EXPENDED AND WAGES PAID FOR DIRECT LABOR

B idI te m

N o.

Q u a n t i tyo f

B id I te m

; Man H ours o f ; D i r e c t L abo r

E xpended

Man H ours o f .D i r e c t L ab o r Man H ours; o fa s $> o f T o ta l D i r e c t L ab o r D i r e c t L ab o r p e r u n i t

E xpended B id I te m

Wages P a id : F o r . ;

D i r e c t L abo r

Wages P a id F o r

D i r e c t L abo r p e r u n i t B id I te m

1

2 ;

3 '

4 ;

5

6V.

6 9 .9 m i.

2 ,0 2 5 C .Y .

790 C .Y .

5 ,0 7 9 C .Y .

: 161 C.Y.

850 C.Y.

827 f t .

“i

8 . 2 ,6 9 8 b b l s .

9 . 3 4 3 ,0 0 5 l b s . - :

1 0 . 2 ,0 1 6 C.Y .

1 1 . C 1 ,1 1 4 S tu b s; > _■ j ‘1 3 . 1 ,1 0 1 g rd ro d s

SUB TOTAL C-1V>

1 2 . 4 ,1 3 7 ,3 1 1 l b s .

2 ,1 3 0

97

80

1 7 ,3 5 0

68

1 0 ,5 0 6

216

156 h

7 ,2 1 9T.' •■■■■2 2 ,7 7 3

1 5 ,8 8 7

2 ,2 8 7

7 8 ,7 6 9

3 8 ,6 4 8

1 1 7 ,4 1 7

2 .7 0 ; 3 0 .4 7 /m i . $ 4 ,4 3 1 .0 8 ^ 6 3 .3 9 /m i .

.1 2 .0 4 7 9 /y d . 1 8 0 .9 9 .0 8 9 5 /y d .

; 4 ° .1 0 1 / y d . 1 4 3 .4 8 ;L >182 / y d .

2 2 .0 3 ; 3 .4 2 / y d . : 2 7 ,9 7 9 .1 5 5 .5 1 /y d .

: •09 ; .4 2 2 / y d . 9 8 .7 0 .6 1 2 / y d .

1 3 .3 4 1 2 .3 6 / y d . 1 7 ,6 7 2 .7 5 2 0 .7 9 /y d .

.2 7 : ♦ 2 6 1 / f t . 4 1 4 .8 8 .5 0 2 / f t .

.2 0 .0 5 7 8 / b b l . 7 9 .1 0 .0 2 9 3 /b b l .

9 .1 7 . .0 2 1 / l b . 1 4 ,2 5 1 .0 8 .0 4 1 5 / l b .

2 8 .9 1 1 1 .3 0 / y d . 4 0 ,4 8 3 .0 5 2 0 .0 8 /y d .

2 0 .1 7 ; 1 4 .2 5 / s t u b . 2 9 ,7 0 5 .9 2 2 6 .6 5 / s tu b

; 2 .9 0 2 .0 8 / r o d . ... 4 ,0 8 8 .8 1 3 .7 1 / r o d .

1 0 0 .0 0 ^; ' $ 1 3 9 ,5 2 8 .9 9

1 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 9 3 4 / lb . 8 9 ,2 3 6 .2 2 . 0 2 1 6 / lb . g

$ 2 2 8 ,7 6 5 .2 1 •TOTALS

5 9 .

1 I n : th e d ev e lo p m e n t o f u n i t c o s ta i n t h i s d i s c u s s i o n ,

o v e rh e a d and d e f e r r e d and c l e a r i n g c o s t s a r e d i s t r i b u t e d to

e a c h b id i te m on th e b a s i s o f d i r e c t l a b o r m an -h o u rs ex p en d

ed a s a p e rc e n ta g e o f th e t o t a l . - d i r e c t l a b o r m an -h o u rs f o r a l l

b id i t e m s . The colum n h e a d e d “Man H ours o f D i r e c t L ab o r a s

% o f T o ta l D i r e c t l a b o r Expended® r e p r e s e n t s t h i s p e r c e n t a g e .

: A l l , th e d a ta - p e r t a in in g t o b id i te m 1 2 , E r e c t i n g S t e e l

T o w ers, was s e c u re d s e p a r a t e l y from t h a t o f th e p rim e c o n t r a c t

o r , and i s so r e f l e c t e d i n th e t a b u l a t i o n s •

R e fe re n c e i s made t o b id i te m 8 , F u r n i s h in g and H and

l i n g Cem ent, i n T a b le Number V I I . The m an -h o u rs and w ages

p a id f o r d i r e c t l a b o r p e r u n i t b i d i te m a r e th e r e s u l t o f

d i r e c t la b o r , e x p en d ed an d u s e d o n ly i n th e r e h a n d l in g .a n d r® r

d i s t r i b u t i o n o f th e c e m e n t. The a c t u a l d i s t r i b u t i o n was p a id

f o r a t th e r a t e o f $6 p e r t o n , and i s c o n s id e r e d a s p a r t o f

th e d e l i v e r e d m a t e r i a l c o s t . ;

The f i f t h colum n o f T ab le Number V II i n d i c a t e s th e man

h o u r s ex p en d ed f o r d i r e c t l a b o r p e r u n i t b id i t e m . T h is

f i g u r e was s e c u re d by d i v id i n g th e t o t a l m an -h o u rs o f d i r e c t

l a b o r e x p en d ed by th e q u a n t i t y o f th e b id i te m c o m p le te d . The

man h o u rs l i s t e d i n t h i s colum n a r e a t r u e c r i t e r i a o f th e

c o n t r i b u t o r y c o s t s o f th e e n t i r e p r o j e c t s T hese v a lu e s do n o t

f l u c t u a t e w i th th e w ages p a id t o l a b o r . T hey r e p r e s e n t a

s t a n d a r d t h a t c a n be u se d f o r p u rp o s e s o f c o m p a ris o n . When

m u l t i p l i e d by th e h o u r ly r a t e o f p ay f o r a c re w , th e r e s u i t

w ould be th e c o s t o f d i r e c t l a b o r p e r u n i t b id i te m a t any

6 0 o

..i : •; ■t im e . The l a s t colum n i n d i c a t e s th e w ages p a id f o r d i r e c t

l a b o r p e r u n i t , b id i te m , and a re b a s e d on th e wage

l i s t e d i n T ab le No. I . /

- : : TABLE NO. V I I I' ' «

; ’ MAN HOURS EXPENDED AND WAGES PAID

FOR INDIRECT LABOR

- A cco u n t ' M an-Hours

s c a l e s

: ■ W ages'D e fe r r e d & C le a r in g ( P rim e C o n t r . )

• i - • ••

3 ,1 9 4 $ 5 ,4 8 4 .1 3

E quipm ent M a in ten an ce & O p e ra t io n 5 ,1 9 9 1 0 ,6 2 6 .6 5(P rim e C o n t r a c to r )

E qu ipm ent M a in ten an ce & O p e ra t io n 2 ,0 0 4 V. 4 ,3 6 8 .7 2(S u b - C o n tr a c to r ) . :

; ; ; v. - , ,-* * ; ■

O verhead -: F i e l d (P rim e C o n t r a c to r ) 4 ,9 1 4 ; 1 4 ,3 9 0 .3 8

O verhead - O f f ic e (P rim e C o n t r a c to r ) 5 ,7 6 7 1 0 ,1 2 4 .4 1

O verhead - F i e l d (S u b -C o n tr a c to r ) 1 ,9 2 0 7 ,2 0 6 .2 2

O verhead - O f f ic e ( S u b -C o n tr a c to r ) 1 ,7 2 0 2 ,1 5 9 .8 6- • TOTALS 2 4 ,7 1 8 $ 5 4 ,3 6 0 .5 7

T ab le Number V I I I l i s t s th e m an -h o u rs ex p en d ed an d th e

w ages p a id f o r e a c h d i s t r i b u t i o n a c c o u n t . M an-hours ex p en d ed

i n o v e rh e a d a re s e p a r a te d b e tw ee n th e o f f i c e and th e f i e l d *

T ab le Number IX c o n ta in s th e eq u ip m en t h o u rs and r e n t a l

c h a rg e s f o r e a c h b i d i te m . E qu ipm en t r e n t a l r a t e s w ere c h a rg e d

i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th th o s e l i s t e d i n T ab le Number V .

E qu ipm en t m a in te n a n c e and o p e r a t io n a c c o u n t c o s t s i n

t h i s r e p o r t a r e d i s t r i b u t e d to e a c h b id i te m on th e b a s i s o f

e q u ip m en t h o u rs e x p e n d e d . The colum n h e a d e d ME qu ipm en t H ours

a s % o f T o ta l E xpended” e x p re s s e s t h i s i n p e r c e n t .

TABLE NO. IX

DIRECT'EQUIPMENT HOURS EXPENDED AND RENTAL CHARGED PER BID ITEM

B idI te m

No.

Q u a n t i ty o f -

B id I te m

E qu ipm en tH ours

E xpended

E qu ipm en t H ours E qu ipm en t H ours a s % o f T o ta l E xpended P e r

E xpended U n i t B id I te m

, ' ■:E qu ipm ent

R e n ta l ■ .. C har Red

E quipm ent R e n ta l C harge P e r U n i t

B id I te m

1 . 6 9 .9 m l. 2 ,5 5 6 4 .7 6 ■" 3 6 .6 /m i . n $ 1 2 ,1 4 0 .0 5 $ 1 7 3 .6 8 /m i.

2 © 2 ,0 2 5 C .Y . , : 90 1 - 17 ' .6 4 4 4 /y d . V 7 8 8 .2 3 . 3 8 9 /y d .

3 . 790 C .Y . ; ‘ 208■ t •. .

.5 9k ' ■ .

.2 6 3 /y d . 1 8 8 .2 2■ *

.2 3 8 /y d .

4 . 5 ,0 7 9 C .Y . 1 1 ,5 6 6 2 1 .5 4 : ̂ ■ ■ 2 .2 8 / y d . 1 2 ,3 1 8 .4 7 2 .4 3 / y d .

6 . 850 C .Y . • 1 0 ,9 5 6 ; 2 0 .4 2 ^ 1 2 .8 9 / y d . >■- 6 ,3 8 7 .0 6 •; 7 .5 1 / y d .

7 . 827 f t . ; J 181 • 34 . 2 1 9 / f t . 2 1 9 .0 6 ’ . 2 6 5 / f t .

8 . 2 ,6 9 8 b b l s . ; 56 '' ; - #10: . :: ^ .0 2 0 8 / b b l . 2 7 1 .5 0 v .1 0 0 6 /b b l .

9 . 3 4 3 ,0 0 5 l b s . 2 ,4 3 6:' v '• '

: 4 .5 5 . 0 0 7 1 / l b . 2 ,9 9 9 .4 7 ■ .0 0 8 7 4 / lb .

1 0 . 2 ,0 1 6 C.Y . 1 6 ,8 2 0 3 1 .5 3 %r . i

8 .3 4 / y d . . 1 8 ,8 5 5 .5 3 : 9 .3 5 /y d .

1 1 . 1^114 s tu b s 5 ,6 5 0 1 : 1 0 .5 2 5 . 0 7 / s t u b . ■ 3 ,4 0 8 .3 8":v V 3 . 0 6 / s t u b .

1 3 . 1 ,1 0 1 g rd rods 3 ,1 5 8 f 5 .8 8 .l' 1 2 . 86/ r o d ::: 2 , 1 9 4 .9 1 : 1 . 99/ r o d

SUB-■TOTAL ' : 5 3 ,6 7 7 ' ‘ 100.00% :■ ; '' H

■;.i : ; - ;$ 5 9 ,7 7 0 .8 8

r ; "

• _ • '

. 5 . 161 C;Y. 100 ; .6 2 2 /y d . 2 ,0 9 7 .5 0 1 3 .0 3 /y d .

1 2 . 4 ,1 3 7 ,3 1 1 l b s . : 9 .1 4 2 i 100.00%Vi

.0 0 2 2 / l b . / 2 7 ,7 5 4 .5 8 . 0 0 6 7 1 /lb ^

o>H

6 2 ,9 1 9TOTAL $ 8 9 ,6 2 2 .9 6

6 2 ,

The c o n d i t io n s t h a t w ere g iv e n f o r b id i te m s 8 an d 12

i n T ab le Number V I I , a l s o h o ld t r u e f o r T ab le Number IX ,

A uger e q u ip m en t u s e d on b id i te m 5 was r e n t e d / o p e r a te d , and

m a in ta in e d ; t h e r e f o r e , th e h o u rs t h a t t h i s e q u ip m e n t was u se d

i s n o t c o n s id e r e d i n th e c o m p u ta tio n o f th e p e r c e n ta g e f o r

th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e q u ip m en t m a in te n a n c e and o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ,

The e q u ip m en t h o u r s an d e q u ip m e n t r e n t a l c h a rg e s a r e l i s t e d

p e r u n i t b id i te m f o r e a c h b id i te m . The v a lu e s o f eq u ip m en t

h o u rs exp en d ed p e r u n i t b i d i te m do n o t f l u c t u a t e w i t h - e c o n - ’

omic c o n d i t i o n s ; t h e r e f o r e , t h e y c an be u s e d f o r p u rp o s e s o f

c o m p a riso n and a s s t a n d a r d s . When th e s e f a c t o r s a r e m u l t i -

p l i e d by th e a v e ra g e h o u r ly r e n t a l r a t e f o r eq u ip m en t u s e d ,

th e p r o d u c t w ould be th e c o s t o f e q u ip m en t r e n t a l p e r u n i t

b id i te m .

The num ber o f e q u ip m e n t h o u r s and th e c o r r e s p o n d in g

eq u ip m en t r e n t a l c h a rg e i s l i s t e d f o r e a c h d i s t r i b u t i o n a c c o u n t

i n T ab le Number X, Two d i s t r i b u t i o n a c c o u n ts w ere u s e d f o r

th e s u b - c o n t r a c t o r , m a in ly O v e rh ea d , and E q u ip m en t M a in te n an c e

and O p e r a t io n ,

The c h a rg e s w h ich c o m p rise th e d i r e c t c o s t o f e a c h b id

i te m a re th e d i r e c t l a b o r c o s t , c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u ip m e n t r e n t a l

c h a rg e , and th e d e l i v e r e d c o s t o f a l l m a t e r i a l s w h ic h w en t

i n t o th e p r o j e c t . T hese d i r e c t c o s t c h a rg e s an d t h e i r t o t a l s

a re l i s t e d i n T ab le Number XI f o r e a c h b i d i t e m .

TABLE NO. X

INDIRECT EQUIPMENT HOURS EXPENDED AND RENTAL CHARGED

A cco u n tE q u ip m en t

H ours -R e n ta lC harge

D e fe r r e d and C le a r in g %(P rim e C o n t r a c to r ) • -

184 ; ; $ 916*00

E quipm ent; M a in te n an c e and O p e ra t io n • (P r im e C o n t r a c to r )

2 ,6 4 3 ; 1 ,7 3 7 .7 6

E qu ip m en t' M a in te n an c e an d O p e ra t io n (S u b -C o n tra c to r )

. • c:1 ,7 2 1 1 ,3 5 2 .8 0

'l l ' • ' ‘O verhead (P rim e C o n t r a c to r ) 3 ,9 9 6 2 ,9 5 4 .5 4

; : : ■O verhead ( S u b -C o n tr a c to r ) 1 ,8 9 2 I s 493#40

TOTALS 1 0 ,4 3 6 $ 8 ,4 5 4 .5 0

; TABLE NO,. X I ■

7 BREAKDOWN OF DIRECT CHARGES FOR EACH: ' y BID ITEMv ! i ;

B id[ternN o.

D i r e c t L ab o r C o s t

E qu ipm en t R e n ta l C harge

Pi'l M a t e r i a l s , i n c lu d in g ‘ ■ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n : and D e l iv e r y :

• v ? : <

T o ta l D i r e c t C o st o f E ach B id I te m

1 . 4 4 ^ 4 3 1 .0 8 :r :S Q 1 2 ,1 4 0 .0 5 ■4 2 7 7 .9 7 : #t - <• -1 6 ,8 4 9 .1 0

2 . 1 8 0 .9 9;

. 7 8 8 .2 3 .: : > ■ : 3 9 .6 7 1 ,0 0 8 .8 9

3 . 1 4 3 .4 8 1 8 8 .2 2 ■ ^ > ■ ■■; 7 3 3 5 .9 5 ' ■ 6 6 7 .6 5

4 . 2 7 ,9 7 9 .1 5 1 2 ,3 1 8 .4 7 4 ' ;■ * ;1 ,7 5 4 .4 4 p' . • : 4 2 ,0 5 2 .0 6

5 . : ; 9 8 .7 0 : 2 ,0 9 7 .5 0 ‘ ‘ '. %

3 4 .8 5 : : ■ 2 ,2 3 1 .0 5

6 . !1 7 ,6 7 2 .7 5 6 ,3 8 7 .0 6: : r

2 ,4 8 2 .1 0 2 6 ,5 4 1 .9 1

7 . ; 4 1 4 .8 8; ' v ’ •• ;•u- ,

:: 2 1 9 .0 6■'j

: f : N ;; - 1 6 3 .2 0 6 9 7 .1 4

8 .' 1 i ■

7 9 .1 0 P• ' ; 2 7 1 .5 0 ‘ *' ; j- r1 6 ,8 0 3 .0 9 1 7 ,1 5 3 .6 9

9 . 1 4 ,2 5 1 .0 8 2 ,9 9 9 .4 71 : '

>' ' , /, r : ‘i ; 2 9 ,8 9 2 .7 4 4 7 ,1 4 3 .2 9; "

•oH

4 0 ,4 8 3 .0 5t r

1 8 ,8 5 5 .5 3 f. >■ ’ ■' ’ - 3 2 ,4 6 2 .9 6 -9 1 ,8 0 1 .5 4

u . 2 9 ,7 0 5 .9 2 3 ,4 0 8 .3 8’ :: 2 ,5 4 1 .9 1 . -: 3 5 ,6 5 6 .2 1

: . ' " i; ;7-'1 2 . 8 9 ,2 3 6 .2 2 ■ 2 7 ,7 5 4 .5 8 ,: ..y 3 ,5 1 6 .4 5 1 2 0 ,5 0 7 .2 5

1 3 . 4 ,0 8 8 .8 1 2 .1 9 4 .9 1 2 *1 .1 4 5 .9 2 r. 7 .4 2 9 .6 4

TOTALS $ 2 2 8 ,7 6 5 .2 1 $ 8 9 ,6 2 2 .9 6 • $ 9 1 ,3 5 1 .2 53

> i $ 4 0 9 ,7 3 9 .4 2P i

To th e t o t a l d i r e c t c o s t of. e a c h b id i te m , i t i s n e c e s - ,

s a r y to add Li t s : e q u i t a b l e s h a re o f e a c h i n d i r e c t d i s t r i b u t i o n

a c c o u n t* A l l o c a t i o n o f th e eq u ip m en t m a in te n a n c e an d o p e ra -■ •_ •. if. ... * • • ' • .; - • : ;i . , , f ' '' :t i o n a c c o u n t was made to e a c h b id i te m on a p e rc e n ta g e o f

eq u ip m en t h o u rs exp en d ed w h ile tha d e f e r r e d and c l e a r i n g a c - :

c o u n t and th e o v e rh e a d a c c o u n t was d i s t r i b u t e d on th e p e rc e n

ta g e o f d i r e c t l a b o r m an -h o u rs e x p e n d e d . T ab le Number X II■ ' • : i • ' 1 . '.■■ . - f :■ i "> ■ ' •..........; v: ■ '

i n d i c a t e s t h i s . d i s t r i b u t i o n . The l a s t colum n i n t h i s t a b l e

i n d i c a t e s th e r e s u l t i n g u n i t c o s t o f e a c h b i d i te m . - The u n i t- ' I L r - : . !' :■ ! ; -- ■ - •

c o s t s , vwhen p r e p a r e d w h ile th e w ork i s i n p r o g r e s s , a re u s e f u l

to m anagem ent a s a n . i n d i c a t i o n o f w hat th e t o t a l c o s t o f th e ,

jo b w i l l b e . F o r a n a l y t i c a l p u r p o s e s . o r a s t h e b a s i s f o r

f u t u r e e s t i m a t e s , th e y h av e l i t t l e v a l i d i t y . T h e i r v a lu e s

a ref

c o n t r o l l e d by c u r r e n t m a rk e t c o n d i t io n s and th e c u r r e n t

p u rc h a s in g pow er o f th e d o l l a r •

T ab le Number X II i n d i c a t e s t h a t th e t o t a l c o s t o f th e

c o n t r a c t was $ 6 2 4 ,5 3 0 .7 3 . U n i t c o s t v a lu e s i n d i c a t e d c o u ld

be u s e d i n b id d in g on s i m i l a r ty p e s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n u n d e r

s i m i l a r econom ic c o n d i t i o n s .

T a b le Number X I I I show s th e u n i t c o s t o f e a c h b id i te m

b ro k e n down i n t o i t s com ponent p a r t s . T hese com ponents a r e

d i r e c t l a b o r , eq u ip m en t r e n t a l , m a t e r i a l s , e q u ip m e n t m a in te n

ance , eq u ip m en t o p e r a t i o n , d e f e r r e d and c l e a r i n g , and o v e r

h e a d .

TABLE NO. X II

DISTRIBUTION OF ACCOUNTS TO BID ITEMS AND RESULTING UNIT-COSTS :r

E qu ip m en t D e fe r r e d an d ’ ••l=. ' ■M a in te n an c e C le a r in g C o st O verhead C o st

B id & O p e ra t io n C o st D i s t r i b u t e d D i a t r i b u t e d ■ - D i r e c t C o sts . U n i t lC o s tI te m

N o.D i s t r i b u t e d on % E q u ip m en t H ours

on ^ o f D i r e c t o n . % o f D i r e c t L abo r Man H ours L ab o r Man H ours

o f E ach B id I te m

T o ta l C ost o f o f E ach E ach B id I te m B id I te m

1 . 2 ,3 0 7 .6 9 3 3 2 .9 1 ' 2 ,5 7 6 .5 1 1 6 ,8 4 9 ;1 0 2 2 ,0 6 6 .2 1 3 1 5 •6 8 /m i•

2 . 8 2 .4 2 , 1 4 .8 0 1 1 4 .5 1 1 ,0 0 8 ;8 9 1 ,2 2 0 .6 2 ^ 6 0 5 /y d

3 . 1 8 9 .0 8 1 2 .3 3 9 5 .4 2 6 6 7 .6 5 9 6 4 .4 8 1 .2 2 / y d .

4 . 1 0 ,4 4 2 .7 9 2 ,7 1 6 .3 2 2 1 ,0 2 2 .4 2 4 2 ,0 5 2 .0 6 7 6 ,2 3 3 .5 9 1 5 .0 l / y d .

5 . ( R e n te d jd p e r . & 1 1 .1 0 8 5 ; 88 2 ,2 3 1 .0 5 - 2 ,3 2 8 .0 3 '1 4 . 4 6 /y d .m a in ta in e d )

6 . ,■ 9 ,8 9 9 .8 1 ,. ■ ■ ■ ■. • <

1 ,6 4 4 .8 3 1 2 ,7 2 9 .8 7 2 6 ,5 4 1 ;9 1 5 0 ,8 1 6 .4 2 ,5 9 .7 8 /y d .

7 . . 1 6 4 .8 4 3 3 .2 9 2 5 7 .6 5 .v- • 1 •

6 9 7 .1 4 1 ,1 5 2 .9 2 1 . 3 9 / f t .

8 . : { 4 8 .4 8 2 4 .6 6 1 9 0 .8 5 1 7 ,1 5 3 .6 9 1 7 ,4 1 7 .6 8 6 . 4 6 / b b l .

9 . 2 ,2 0 5 .8 8 1 ,1 3 0 .6 7 8 ,7 5 0 .6 3 - W

4 7 ,1 4 3 .2 9 5 9 ,2 3 0 .4 7 .1 7 3 / l b .

1 0 . v. 1 5 ,1 8 9 .0 8 3 ,5 6 4 .6 3 2 7 ,5 8 7 .7 5 9 1 ,8 0 1 .5 4 1 3 8 ,1 4 3 .0 0 6 8 .5 2 /y d .

1 1 . 5 ,1 0 0 .2 0 2 ,4 8 6 .9 8 1 9 ,2 4 7 .4 9 3 5 ,6 5 6 .2 1 , 6 2 ,4 9 0 .8 8 5 6 .1 0 /S tu b .

1 2 . 1 2 ,6 1 2 .5 3 4 5 ,9 4 1 .4 1 1 2 0 ,5 0 7 .2 5 1 7 9 ,0 6 1 .1 9 .0 4 3 3 / l b . *

1 3 . 2 ,8 5 0 .6 8 3 5 7 .5 6 2 ,7 6 7 .3 6 7 ,4 2 9 .6 4 1 3 ;4 0 5 .2 4 ' 1 2 .1 8 / r o d

TOTALS $ 6 1 ,0 9 3 .4 8 $ 1 2 ,3 3 0 .0 8 $ 1 4 1 ,3 6 7 .7 5 $ 4 0 9 ,7 3 9 .4 2 $ 6 2 4 ,5 3 0 .7 3

TABLE NO. X III

DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES TO EACH BID ITEM ON THE BASIS OF A UNIT COST

B idI te m

N o.

Q u a n t i tyo f D i r e c t E qu ipm en t

B id I te m L ab o r R e n ta l M a te r i a l s

E qu ipm en t M a in te n an c e & O p e ra t io n

D e fe r r e dan d

C le a r in g O verhead

T o ta l U n it C o st o f E ach

B id I te m

1 . 69 * 9 mi # 65# 59 1 7 3 .6 8 4 .0 0 3 3 .0 1 4 .7 6 • 3 6 .8 4 3 1 5 .6 8 /m i .

2 . 2 ,0 2 5 C.Y. .0 895 .3 8 9 '.L .0 1 9 6 .0 4 0 7 . .0 0 7 3 .0 5 6 9

3 . - 790 C.Y. .1 8 2 .2 3 8 .4 2 5 *2595 .0 0 1 6 : .1 3 4 1 :* 1 1 .2 2 / y d .

4 . 5 ,0 7 9 C .Y . 5 .5 1 2 .4 3 ' .3 4 5 2 .0 5 6 .5 3 5 4 .1 3 4 ' 1 5 .0 1 /y d .

5 . 161 C.Y. .6 1 2 • 1 3 .0 3 - .2 1 6 .0 6 8 ■ .5 3 4 1 4 .4 6 /y d .

6 . 850 C .Y .60.79 7 .5 1 . - 2 .9 2 1 1 .6 5 1 .9 4 1 4 .9 7 1 - : 5 9 .7 8 /y d .

7 . 827 C.Y. .5 0 2 .2 6 5 .0 7 6 4 .1 9 4 8 .0 4 0 3 .3 1 1 5 - 1 . 3 9 / f t .

8 . , 2 ,6 9 8 b b ls .02932 • .1 0 0 6 6 .2 2 8 .0 1 7 9 7 ' .0 0 9 1 4 • .07497 ^ 6 .4 6 / b b l .

9 .3 4 3 ,0 0 5 l b s . .0 4 1 5 .08719 .0 0 6 4 3 ' .0 0 3 3 0 ' .0 2 5 8 4 ’ -1 . 1 7 3 / l b .

' #of-l 2 ,0 1 6 y d s . 20.08 9 .3 5 1 6 .1 0 3 7 .5 3 4 * 1 .7 6 8 0 1 3 .6 8 5 : 6 8 .5 2 /y d .

1 1 . 1 ,1 1 4 stubs 26.65 3 .0 6 2 .2 8 4 .5 8 2 .2 5 « 1 7 .2 8 ' 5 6 • 1 0 / s tu b .

12 .4^37 ,311 l b s .02160 .0 0 6 7 1 .00085 .0 0 3 0 4 ' .O H IO .0 4 3 3 / l b .

1 3 . 1 ,1 0 1 grd 3 .7 1 ro d s

1 .9 9 1 .0 5 2 .5 9 .3 2 . 2 .5 2 1 2 .1 8 / r o d

BREAKDOWN OF MANHOURS, EQUIPMENT HOURS, AND MATERIAL COSTS PER UNIT BID ITEM FOR ALL ACCOUNTS

TABLE NO. XIV

D i r e c t C o st- : v

D i r e c t L ab o r E qu ipm en t M a t e r i a lB id Man H ours H ours C o st •

I te m P e r U n i t P e r U n it P e r U n i t

1 . 3 0 .4 7 3 6 .6, i r

4 .0 0' . i

2 . r. .0 4 7 9 •0444 .0 1 9 6

3 .■i * * '

.1 0 1 .2 6 3 .4 2 5

4 . 3 .4 2 2 .2 8 .3 4 3,' ;

5 . .4 2 2 .6 2 2 .2 1 60 * 1': v

6 . 1 2 .3 6 1 2 .8 9 2 .9 2

7 . .2 6 1•1 ' - s. '.2 1 9 .0 7 6 4

8 . .0 5 7 8 .0 2 0 8 . 6 .2 3! - ' •

9 , ... .0 2 1 .0 0 7 1 .0 8 7 2’ ̂ A

1 0 . 1 1 .3 0 8 .3 4 1 6 .1 0

1 1 . 1 4 .2 5 5 .0 7 2 .2 8

1 2 . .0 0 9 3 4 .0 0 2 1 .0 0 0 8 5

1 3 . 2 .0 8 2 .8 6 1 .0 5

E qu ipm en t M a in ten an ce & O p e ra t io n

Man H ours P e r U n it

E qu ipm en t H ours ..

P e r U n it

M a te r i a l : C ost

P e r U n it- v

3 .5 4 1 .7 9 9 2 4 .5 9

.000437 .000222 .0 3 0

.0 2 5 7 .0 1 3 1 .1 7 8

.2 2 1; .

.1 1 2 1 .5 3

1 .2 4 9v

• 633 8 .6 8% V ' •'

.0 2 1 4 .0 1 0 9 .1 4 8/ :

.0 0 1 9 3- .0 0 0 9 8 .0 1 3 4

.0 0 0 6 9 .00 0 3 5 1 .0 0 4 7 9

.8 0 8 .4 1 1 5 .6 1 ;

.4 9 1 .2 5 0 3 .4 1

.0 0 0 4 8 4 .000416 .0 0 1 6 6 S#

.2 7 8 .1 4 1 1 .9 3

SBI6

TSTABLE NO. XIV C ontinued

D e fe r r e d & C le a r in g

E qu ipm en t S u p p l ie s an d B id Man h o u r s v H ours M is c e l la n e o u s

I te m P e r U n it P e r U n i t C o s t P e r U n i t

1 . 1 .2 3 4 .0 7 1 1 # 2 .2 9

2 . .0 0 1 8 9 .000109 .0 0 3 5 1

3 . .0 4 0 4 .0 0 2 3 3 .0 7 5 1

4 . .1 3 9 .0 0 7 9 8 .2 5 7

5 . .0 1 7 9 .00103 .0332;

6 . .0 5 0 1 .00289 .0 9 3 1

7 . .0 1 0 4 .00 0 6 0 1 .0194

8 . .0 0 2 3 7 .00 0 1 3 6 .00440

9 , .0 8 5 4 .00492 .1 5 9

1 0 , .4 5 8 .0 2 6 4 .8 5 1

1 1 , .5 7 8 .0 3 3 3 1 .0 7

1 2 . m

1 3 . .0 8 4 1 .0 0 4 8 5 .1 5 6

O verhead

F i e ld Man H ours

P e r U n i t

O f f ic e Man E qu ipm en t H ours H oursP e r U n it P e r U n i t

M is c e l la n e o u sC o st

P e r U n i t

1*898 2 .2 2 8 1 .5 4 4 $ 2 6 .2 5

.0 0 2 9 1 .0 0 3 4 2 .0 0 2 3 7 .0 4 0 3

.0 6 2 2 .0 7 3 0 .0 5 0 6 .8 6 0

.2 1 3 .2 5 0 .1 7 3 2 .9 5

.0 2 7 5 .0 3 2 2 .0 2 2 3 .3 8 0

.0 7 7 1 .0 9 0 5 .0 6 2 7 1 .0 6 7

.0 1 6 0 .0 1 8 8 .0 1 3 1 .2 2 2

.0 0 3 6 4 .0 0 4 2 8 .0 0 2 9 6 .0 5 0 4

.1 3 1 .1 5 4 .1 0 7 1 .8 1 7

.7 0 5 .8 2 7 .5 7 3 9 .7 4 5

.8 9 0 1 .0 4 4 .7 2 4 1 1 .0 4

.0 0 4 6 5 .0 0 0 4 1 5 .0 0 0 4 5 8 .0 0 8 4 7

.1 2 9 .1 5 2 .1 0 5 1 .7 9

O)co

7 0 ,

I n o r d e r t o have a m eans o f d e te rm in in g b id i te m c o s t s

i n th e f u t u r e u n d e r econom ic ‘c o n d i t io n s p o s s i b l y d i f f e r e n t

from t h a t a t th e p r e s e n t , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to d e v e lo p c r i t e r i a

f o r tim e f a c t o r s . T h is h a s b e e n done i n T a b le Number XIV.

M an-hours and e q u ip m en t h o u r s have b e e n r e d u c e d to a p e r u n i tu;':: "'"ac v. n-N.: 'i • - : ■ i -- . ; o ; ' 0

b id i te m b a s i s . M a te r i a l c h a rg e s and m is c e l la n e o u s c o s t s1 i r - , Tr . o : r . ’ r- V 7 . . : . i l ! 7 : ; - . 7 : 7 . . : •

h ave a l s o b e en re d u c e d t o a p e r u n i t b id i te m b a s i s . T hese

f a c t o r s when m u l t i p l i e d by t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e h o u r ly r a t e s

w i l l r e s u l t i n v a lu e s o f c o s t w h ic h w i l l r e f l e c t c u r r e n t con

d i t i o n s . A m u l t i p l i e r f a c t o r s h o u ld be a p p l i e d to e a c h m a te r -: 7.":7 7 : :.7 7 7 'Vt -: C -77.:77: : ; -77. - . ' _ T . j - 7 7 7 .77 ' 7 ̂ : 7 7 -

i a l u n i t c o s t t o r e f l e c t a n i n c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e i n th e p r i c e7. . V i 77' . ' ■ 7 ::v j7v '."v:: 7 7 C 7 : 7 7 7 ' ' ; 7 7 " 7 : 1 7 ' 7 ' . : . * : 7 7 , :

o f m a t e r i a l s and s u p p l i e s ," 7" 7 ’ . : . . . . 7.7! 7 7 : - 7 7 :.7V ^ 7 7 . 77.: J :7:. : 7 77 : 7 ' V : 7 >7 7

7 7 _ 7 7 . 7 7..' ! 77 ..; .7-. '7:. ' ' ' 7' . . I • 77’.:' >7 -..7,-.

■ .....

' 7 7 7 7 7 7.r: 7 ] 7 , 77 7 ,7 7 ; . 7 7 , '..'7:

. 7 : . - T" . 7 7 7 - 7. 7 . : ;1 ‘Lc 7 . 7 . 7 7 . , '-7.7:"7 '

7-. ; 7

; . CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSIONS •

The v a r i a t i o n s i n c o s t o f c o n s t r u c t io n d ep en d on many

u n p r e d ic ta b le f a c t o r s r e g a r d l e s s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n m ethods

u se d o r l o c a t i o n . The v a r i a b l e s w h ich w i l l have a p ro fo u n d

e f f e c t on th e r e s u l t s o b ta in e d a r e v a r i e d an d m any . A d i s

c u s s io n o f th e more im p o r ta n t o n es w i th t h e i r r e s u l t i n g e f

f e c t w i l l f o l lo w .

T e r r a i n and s o i l c o n d i t io n s v a ry from one jo b to a n o th

e r , w i th th e r e s u l t t h a t s e v e r a l o f th e u n i t c o s t com ponents a re

a f f e c t e d . As was s t a t e d p r e v i o u s l y , th e l a n d t r a v e r s e d by

t h i s t r a n s m is s io n l i n e w as f o r th e m ost p a r t s a n d y , h i l l y and

i n a l o c a t i o n rem o te fro m c e n te r s o f p o p u l a t i o n . T h is r e s u l t

ed i n th e eq u ip m en t b r e a k in g down o f t e n , be cau se th e w in d and

san d w ere so p r e v a l e n t . S te e p g ra d e s h a d t o be n e g o t i a t e d

w h ich a l s o r e s u l t e d i n h e a v y e q u ip m en t c a s u a l t i e s . When e q u ip

m ent b ro k e down, r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s w ere n e c e s s a r y . Time r e

q u i r e d to o b t a in th e s e p a r t s c a u se d lo n g d e l a y s . B e fo re a n

o r d e r c o u ld be p la c e d f o r th e n e c e s s a r y p a r t , a t r i p o f 35

to 40 m ile s h ad t o be m ade. The h ig h c o s t o f eq u ip m en t m ain

te n a n c e and o p e r a t i o n i s r e f l e c t e d i n th e u n i t c o s t . W ith

th e e q u ip m en t down f o r r e p a i r s , th e p r o d u c t io n s u f f e r e d b y

th e c r e a t i o n o f b o t t l e n e c k s i n th e w ork p r o c e s s e s . The men

w ere e i t h e r t e m p o r a r i ly p u t on o th e r j o b s , s lo w e d down t h e i r

7 2 .

pace o f w ork , o r w ere s e n t hom e. T h is c a u se d I n c r e a s e d c o s t s

I n th e d i r e c t l a b o r com ponen t.

One o f th e I te m s t h a t I s c h a rg e d to overhead .. I s th e

c o s t o f workm en’ s c o m p e n s a tio n . The c o s t o f t h i s i te m v a r i e s

w i th th e s t a t e i n w h ic h th e c o n s t r u c t io n t a k e s p l a c e . A r i

zona had one o f th e h i g h e s t r a t e s f o r w orkm en’ s c o m p e n sa tio n

i n th e U n ite d S t a t e s . The r a t e a t th e tim e o f t h i s c o n s t r u c

t i o n was $ 1 0 .2 8 p e r $100 o f w o rk e r ’ s w a g e s . When w ork i s p e r

fo rm ed i n a l o c a l i t y w here th e w orkm en’ s c o m p e n sa tio n r a t e s

a r e lo w e r th a n th o s e a b o v e , th e o v e rh e a d c h a rg e s w ould be

r e d u c e d .

The com ponent c o s t s an d u n i t c o s t s d e v e lo p e d a r e th e

r e s u l t o f p e r fo rm in g th e w p rk i n th e m anner p r e v i o u s ly d e s

c r i b e d . Any v a r i a t i o n o f th e m anner i n w h ich th e w ork was

p e rfo rm e d w ould r e s u l t i n a d i f f e r e n t u n i t c o s t f o r th e b id

i te m . T h ere w ere some i n s t a n c e s i n w h ich th e w r i t e r b e l i e v e s

t h a t a change i n th e way w h ich th e w ork was p e rfo rm e d w ould

h ave r e s u l t e d i n lo w e r u n i t c o s t s . S u g g e s t io n s f o r th e im

p ro v em en t o f a c c o m p lis h in g th e jo b w i l l be m ade.

I n e x c a v a t in g f o r to w e r f o o t in g s u n d e r I te m 4 , i t i s

b e l i e v e d t h a t th e b e n e f i t r e s u l t i n g from th e backhoe d ig g in g

u n d e rc u t f o o t in g s was s u b s t a n t i a l l y o f f s e t by th e i n c r e a s e d

am ount o f c o n c re te w h ic h w as r e q u i r e d t o com pensa te f o r th e

r e s u l t i n g o v e r s iz e f o o t i n g e x c a v a t io n . The f o o t i n g s c o u ld

have b e e n dug c h e a p e r by u s in g o n ly hand l a b o r .

The a u g e r u se d i n d ig g in g a u g e r f o o t in g s sh o u ld be

m ounted on" a D-2 o r D -4 C a t e r p i l l a r t r a c t o r a s i t p e r m i ts

f a s t e r and e a s i e r a c c e s s to s t r u c t u r e l o c a t i o n s th a n a t r u c k

m ounted a u g e r . S t r u c t u r e f o o t in g s can"be r e a c h e d w i th a

t r a c t o r t h a t a r e im p o s s ib le w i th a t r u c k . : . ;

- P la c in g o f c o n c re te by w h e e lb a rro w i s a s lo w , l a b o r -

consum ing m eth o d . I t w ould be much f a s t e r and sav e m anpower

by u t i l i z i n g a : D-4 C a t e r p i l l a r w ith" a b o tto m dtonp b u c k e t

m o u n ted -o n th e f r o n t . : The 1 0 -S m ix e r c o u ld be r e p l a c e d by

a m ach ine o f l a r g e r c a p a c i ty w i th th e r e s u l t t h a t th e p o u rs

c o u ld have b e e n made m ore q u i c k l y .

A g r e a t d e a l - o f t im e was consum ed i n th e p l a c i n g o f th e

s t e e l s tu b s f o r th e to w e r f o o t i n g s . Two f a c t o r s c o n t r i b u t e d

to t h i s . The s t e e l r e i n f o r c i n g s tem s w ere w e ld ed to th e s t u b -

a n g le s i n th e s t e e l y a rd w i th th e r e s u l t t h a t t h e r e was no *

l a t i t u d e f o r v a ry in g th e h e ig h t o f th e s t e e l r e i n f o r c i n g s te m

from th e b o tto m o f th e f o o t i n g e x c a v a t io n . I t w ould have

b e en e a s i e r arid f a s t e r , e v en th o u g h r e q u i r i n g th e u s e o f a

f i e l d w e ld e r , to w e ld th e s tu b a n g le t o th e r e i n f o r c i n g s t e e l *

a f t e r th e s t e e l was p la c e d i n th e e x c a v a t io n and th e te m p la te

a d j u s t e d . The te m p la te u s e d was n o t r i g i d enough i n c o n s t r u c

t i o n w h ich r e s u l t e d i n a g r e a t d e a l o f l a b o r b e in g u s e d i n

a d ju s t i n g th e t e m p l a t e s . A s t a b l e te m p la te w ould r e s u i t i f

a t h i r d l e g was w e ld ed d i r e c t l y o p p o s i te from th e two e x i s t

in g o n e s . I t w ould ta k e bn th e a p p e a ra n c e o f a nYn .

7 4 .

itThe m ethod u s e d in . th e e r e c t i o n o f th e / s t e e l to w e r to p

s e c t i o n s c o u ld have b e e n r e v i s e d w i th a r e s u l t i n g s a v in g i n

man and eq u ip m en t h o u r s . Top s e c t i o n s / c o u l d have b e e n p la c e d

i n one l i f t i n s t e a d o f t h r e e . T h is w ould h ave s a v e d a d d i t i o n

a l m an -h o u rs a s i t w ou ld re d u c e th e m an -h o u rs r e q u i r e d f o r

b o l t - u p on th e to w er . I t i s much f a s t e r and e a s i e r t o make

a s s e m b lie s on th e g ro u n d . The i r o n 'w o r k e r s u n io n r e q u i r e d

t h a t th e men f o r t h i s jo b be s e n t o u t fro m L os A n g e le s . The

e m p lo y er was r e q u i r e d t o p ay th e w o rk e rs r o u n d - t r i p t r a n s p o r t a

t i o n fro m Los A n g e le s 'p lu s a w e ek ly s u b s i s t e n c e /a l lo w a n c e o f

$21. • ......- ••'••• •. ' - •". -; .. • i."'; ;u

- I t i s r e a d i l y s e e n t h a t a l l o f th e a b o v e . i te m s a r e

f a c t o r s w h ich w i l l m a t e r i a l l y e f f e c t th e c o s t s , o f a p r o j e c t .

The te m p e ra tu re i n w h ich w ork i s p e rfo rm e d h a s i t s r e a c t i o n

on th e p r o d u c t i v i t y and e f f i c i e n c y o f th e w o r l e r s • : A t t im e s ,

th e te m p e ra tu re was a s h ig h a s 117°* T h is w ould c au se a s lo w

in g down o f p r o d u c t io n . D u rin g th e w in te r m onths th e te m p e ra

t u r e s w en t be low f r e e z i n g and w ere acco m p an ied by h ig h w in d s ,

th e e f f e c t o f w h ich was a l s o a d ro p i n th e w o rk e r ’ s e f f i c i e n c y .

By no m eans c an th e e f f e c t s o f s c h e d u l in g , m a t e r i a l con

t r o l o r s u p e r v i s o r y a b i l i t y be o v e r lo o k e d o r d im in is h e d i n

im p o rta n c e on a p r o j e c t o f t h i s s i z e . The am ount o f a t t e n t i o n

w h ich th e f i e l d s u p e r v i s o r s p a y to th e s c h e d u l in g an d s u p p ly

o f th e c o n s t r u c t i o n m a t e r i a l s and th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f jo b

o p e r a t io n s i s d i r e c t l y r e f l e c t e d i n th e c o s t o b t a i n e d .

7 5 .As i n d i c a t e d , t h e r e a r e many v a r i a b l e f a c t o r s w h ic h

c au se th e com ponents o f th e u n i t c o s t o f a. b id . i te m t o v a ry' . . . . . . ' . . . ■■■ ■

i n v a l u e . Econom ic c o n d i t io n s ’cau se th e c o s t s o f some i te m s

to r i s e and o th e r s to f a l l . I t i s im p e r a t iv e t h a t th e num er

ous v a r i a b l e s , w h ich c o n t r i b u t e t o th e f i n a l c o s t s , su c h a s

r a t e s o f p a y , e q u ip m en t r e n t a l c h a rg e s , workm en*s com pensa

t i o n r a t e , and o t h e r s be s t a t e d so t h a t th e r e s u l t s o b ta in e d

a r e i d e n t i f i e d :w i th th e c o n d i t io n s u n d e r 'w h ic h th e y w ere

s e c u r e d . " , ............: ... v f y:., . k ; k : - v , - • ■■ ;

I n c o n c lu s io n , i t i s s u g g e s te d t h a t tim e f a c t o r s and

m a t e r i a l u n i t c o s t s s i m i l a r to th o s e shown i n T ab le Number

XIV be made on v a r io u s p r o j e c t s o f a s i m i l a r t y p e . T h is

w ould a f f o r d a m eans f o r c o m p a riso n o f r e s u l t s . The d a ta

c o u ld be t a b u l a t e d and th e mean o f th e r e s u l t i n g c o m p o s ite

f i g u r e s f o r th e v a r io u s f a c t o r s o f . e a c h i te m u s e d a s a b a s i s

f o r c a l c u l a t i o n o f c o s t s • T h is s u g g e s t s a n a r e a ' i n w h ic h

f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h may be c a r r i e d o n .-■ . ̂ . . - : • - ■ ■”'> ’ * . •

v: v;-: ■ k" :v-kc" v::- kk:_ r i'vi*C ; ' ' . k .... V" " .1 r. - ' . V % . : . p

7 6 .BIBLIOtBAPHY

' ; ■ ... A . Books :: : .

C lem ens, E l i W in s to n , Econom ics an d P u b l ic U t i l i t i e s . New Y ork : A p p le to n - C e n tu r y - C r o f t s , I n c . ,1 9 5 0 . 765 p p .

De W eese,. F re d C i, T ra n s m is s io n L in e D e s ig n , C o n s tru c t i o n and P e rfo rm a n ce ^ New Y ork : M cG raw -H ill BookComp a n y , I n c . , 1 9 4 5 . 297 p p .

G ra n t, Eugene L . , P r i n c i p l e s o f E n g in e e r in g Economy New Y o rk t .The R o n a ld P r e s s Com pany, 1 9 5 0 . 623 p p .

L ew is , W.W., T ra n s m is s io n L in e E n g in e e r in gNew Y o rk : M cG raw -H ill Book Company, I n c . 1928 361 p p .

M cK enzie, D onald H . , The F u n d am en ta ls o f A c c o u n tin g New Y o rk : The M a cm illa n Company, 1 9 4 7 . 683 p p .

P anne1 1 , E r n e s t V in c e n t , H ig h T e n s io n L in e P r a c t i c e New Y ork : D. Van N o s tra n d Company, 1 9 2 6 . % 2 p p .

R ey n eau , P .0 , and H . P . S e e ly e , E conom ics o f E l e c t r i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n . New Y o rk : M cG raw -H ill Book Company,I n c . 1QSS. 20% p p .

B . P e r i o d i c a l A r t i c l e s

A l le n , R o b e r t N . , " T ra n s m is s io n a t 230KV B u i l t a t # 1 0 ,3 0 0 p e r m i l e " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . V 110 , p 4 4 6 , A u g u st 1 3 , 1 9 3 8 .

B ro o k e r , C lyde A ., "Sum m arized C o st o f 220 KV L in e " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . V 1 0 0 , p 2 0 8 , A u g u st 1 3 , 1 9 3 2 .

B ro o k e r , C lyde A ., "3 5 0 ,0 0 0 KW L in e C o sts # 5 5 ,0 0 0 p e r M ile " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , V 9 5 , p 6 88 , A p r i l 5 , 1 9 3 0 .

C ro s s , W .G ., "M an-hours U sed a s B a s is f o r U n i t L ab o r C o s ts " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . V 9 0 , p 2 1 1 , J u ly 3 0 , 1 9 2 7 .

F a c k le r , F .W ., "L in e C o n s t r u c t io n C ost K e e p in g " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . V 8 4 , p 1349 , Decem ber 2 7 , 1 9 2 4 .

F a c k le r , F .W ,, "L in e E r e c t i o n C o st A c c o u n tin g " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld . V 9 2 , p 8 9 5 , November 3 , 1 9 2 8 .

7 7 .

1 4 . G aved, J . L . , “E s t im a t in g f o r T ra n s m is s io n L in e s ” ,The E l e c t r i c a l R ev iew , V 1 2 3 , p 3 7 0 , S ep tem b er 9 , 1 9 3 8 .

1 5 . I d a i l , M .J . , " I n d i r e c t C o s ts on T ra n s m is s io n P r o j e c t s ” , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , V 9 1 , p 614 , M arch 2 4 , 1 9 2 8 .

1 6 . M in e r, E l l s w o r th F . , "M an-hour U n i t s U s e f u l In d e x i n R u ra l L ine B u i ld i n g " , E l e c t r i c a l W o rld , V 9 6 , p 2 5 6 , A u g u st 9 , 1 9 3 0 .

C. U n p u b lish e d M a te r i a l s

1 7 . M cC ullough , J . F . , " C o n t r a c t o r 's C o s ts " , U n p u b lish e d p a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t th e C o n fe re n ce f o r C o n s t r u c t io n E n g in e e r s , U .S . B u re au o f R e c la m a tio n , D e n v e r, C o lo ra d o , F e b ru a ry 6 , 1 9 5 0 .

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