COST ANALYSIS MODELING FOR PEAK SHAVING OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICESR. SCOTT, L. MORRIS, DR. M.H. WEATHERSPOON

PROBLEM• THE DEMAND FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY

IS RISING, HOWEVER, THIS DEMAND FOR ENERGY VARIES THROUGHOUT THE DAY.

• A SYSTEM NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN WHICH IT ENCAPSULATES THIS RENEWABLE ENERGY DURING NON-PEAK HOURS OF THE DAY, WHILE FOCUSING IT TO THE MOST EFFECTIVE LOCATION DURING PEAK HOURS.

http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2014/08/us-energy-sources-and-uses-show-limits-of-renewable-energy-strategies.html

BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW

• BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE ALREADY BEING IMPLEMENTED IN AREAS TRANSITIONING TO THE PRIMARY USAGE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. HOWEVER, AS THESE SYSTEMS DEGRADE, NEW SOLUTIONS ARE BEING PROPOSED.

• SOLUTION 1: WIND/PV/FUEL CELL SYSTEM• SOLUTION 2: OPTIMIZED ENERGY DISPATCH SCHEDULE IS IMPLEMENTED • SOLUTION 3: GO RESIDENTIAL—ADD BESS TO RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND ANALYZE COST OF ADDING

IT TO RESIDENTIAL AREA• SOLUTION 4: REGULATE VOLTAGE WHEN BESS IS EXPOSED TO HIGH PV LEVELS• SOLUTION 5: OPTIMAL SIZING AND OPERATION STRATEGY FOR BESS FOR PEAK SHAVING

APPLICATION

INTRO TO LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE BATTERY

- +

e- e-

e-

Negative ElectrodeLixC6

PositiveElectrodeLiMn2O4

Li+

X-

Electrolyte LiPF6

Aluminum Domai

ns

Copper

Discharging Process

- +

e- e-

e-

Negative ElectrodeLixC6

PositiveElectrodeLiMn2O4

Li+

X-

Electrolyte LiPF6

Aluminum Domai

ns

Copper

Charging Process5 Domains

- Negative Current Collector- Anode- Separator- Cathode- Positive Current Collector

COMSOL GENERATED GRAPHS FOR DISCHARGE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

FUTURE WORK

• DEVELOP A COMSOL MODEL FOR THE LTO-LMO BATTERY

• DEVELOP PEAK SHAVING MODEL• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN NEWLY

DEVELOPED PEAK SHAVING MODEL AND COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE MODELS

IMPACT• REDUCE THE LOAD DEMAND

NEEDED TO SUPPORT THE GEH

• REDUCTION IN COST OF THE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

http://www.encycle.com/savings/

http://www.ethanelkind.com/tag/energy-storage/

PEAK SHAVING ALGORITHM

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70-2000

200400600800

10001200140016001800

GEH Projected Load Profile Load Consumption (kW)Peak ShavingBattery Usage (kW)Solar Power (kW)

Time (hr) - July 29 - 31, 2015

Pow

er (k

W)

REFERENCESNELSON, D., NEHRIR, M., & WANG, C. (2005). “UNIT SIZE AND COST ANALYSIS OF STAND-ALONE HYBRID WIND/PV/FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS.” SCIENCE DIRECT: RENEWABLE ENERGY, 31(10), 1641–1656.

AICHHORN, A., GREENLEAF, M., LI, H., & ZHENG, J. “A COST EFFECTIVE BATTERY SIZING STRATEGY BASED ON A DETAILED BATTERY LIFETIME MODEL AND AN ECONOMIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.” 2012 POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING. SAN DIEGO, CA, 2012. 1-8.

YANG, Y., LI, H., AICHHORN, A., ZHENG, J., & GREENLEAF, M. (2014). “SIZING STRATEGY OF DISTRIBUTED BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH HIGH PENETRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION AND PEAK LOAD SHAVING.” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID , 5(2), 982-991.

NOTTROTT, A., KLEISSL, J., & WASHOM, B. (2013). “ENERGY DISPATCH SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR GRID-CONNECTED, PHOTOVOLTAIC-BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS.” SCIENCE DIRECT: RENEWABLE ENERGY, 55, 230-240.

OUDALOV, A., CHERKAOUI, R., & BEGUIN, A. “SIZING AND OPTIMAL OPERATION OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR PEAK SHAVING APPLICATION.” 2007 IEEE POWER TECH MEETING. LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND, 2007. 621-625.

QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, CONCERNS