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Karla Rocas

Jeff Bisnar

CORRUPTION IN SOUTH KOREA

Corruption in South Korea has been described as the cancer of Korean society,

and it is found at every level of Korean society, from top officials down to minor civil

servants Corruption at high level is widespread, but scandals involving bureaucrats,

particularly those who collect taes and enforce customs regulations, are often

reported in newspapers as well!"#Corruption in South Korea started when the King$s

family in politics participated, and led to increasing nepotism and corruption in

administration"%,meaning it is deeply rooted in their history, flourishing and growing

even until they have reached their democracy in #&'(! Because of this, modern)day

South Korea$s government have its hands full in trying to lessen, and in time to totally

eradicate, corruption in their country!

*o give an eample of corruption which is happening in South Korea, +anwoo

ee in his boo- entitled, *he .dyssey of Korean /emocracy0 Korean 1olitics #&'()

#&&2" discussed the manifestation of corruption in the #&'( presidential election and

the 3pril #&'' legislative election, where political parties spent millions, even billions

of dollars to bac- up their campaign, resorting to vote)buying, coercion, violence, andthreats! /emocratic Justice 1arty 4/J15, one of the big political parties in South

Korea, even eercised these electioneering violations and corrupt practices openly

during the #&'' legislative election, manifesting the rampant situation of corruption in

the country! 1eople in South Korea even identify that biggest obstacle of South

Korea$s democrati6ation that time was the corrupt practices of the politicians! 7

*he response of South Korea$s government in curbing these -inds of corrupt

practices became concrete upon Kim /ae Jung$s rise to presidency in /ecember

#&&(! 8n his regime, anti)corruption strategy was formulated which has si ma9or

components in response to various causes of corruption in South Korea!:8n this

strategy, several components were introduced to fight corruption, which are0 #! *he

improvement of the eisting system of corruption control by creating an 3nti)

#Jong S! Jun and +yung S! 1ar-, Crisis and .rganisational 1aralysis0 *he ingering 1roblem ofKorean 1ublic 3dministration",Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, ;ol! &,

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Corruption Committee and the passage of the 3nti)Corruption aw, %! *he reform of

the attitudes and consciousness of civil servants by enforcing codes of conduct and

education, 7! 1romotion of public awareness of corruption, :! Creation of social and

cultural environment against corruption through scrutiny and strict control of former

government officials, enhancing transparency of private industries, and eroding the

collusion between politicians, government officials, and businessmen, A! *he

detection and punishment for corruption is reinforced by improving the

rewardprotection system for informers, activating citi6en watch and report against

corruption!

*he steps ta-en by the South Korean government did not eradicate completely

corruption in their country, however, surveys conducted by yundai Research show

that the citi6ens of South Korea are optimistic about the battle against corruption, theirview on the seriousness of corruption declining yearly because of the efforts made by

their government! .bservably, South Korea$s economy boosted after the

government$s anti)corruption campaign was launched, ma-ing South Korea one of the

largest players in 3sia$s economy!

KORUPSI DI KOREA SELATAN

Korupsi di Korea Selatan telah digamar!an seagai "!an!er mas#ara!at

Korea$ dan ditemu!an di setiap ting!at mas#ara!at Korea$ dari pe%aat sampai

PNS !e&il ''' Korupsi di ting!at tinggi tersear luas$ namun s!andal #ang

meliat!an iro!rat$ terutama mere!a #ang mengumpul!an pa%a! dan

menega!!an peraturan paean$ sering dilapor!an di surat !aar %uga' "Korupsi

di Korea Selatan dimulai !eti!a !eluarga ra%a dalam politi! erpartisipasi$ dan

men#ea!an" pening!atan nepotisme dan !orupsi dalam administrasi "$

erarti itu era!ar dalam se%arah mere!a$ er!emang dan tumuh ah!an

sampai mere!a telah men&apai demo!rasi mere!a pada tahun ()*+' Karena itu$

pemerintah modern Korea Selatan memili!i tangan penuh dalam men&oa

untu! mengurangi$ dan dalam ,a!tu untu! enar-enar memerantas$ !orupsi

di negara mere!a'

Untu! memeri!an &ontoh !orupsi #ang ter%adi di Korea Selatan$ Lee .an,oo

dalam u!un#a #ang er%udul$ "The Od#sse# Demo!rasi Korea/ Politi! Korea

()*+-())0" memahas mani1estasi !orupsi dalam pemilihan presiden ()*+ dan

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April ()** pemilu legislati1$ di mana partai-partai politi! menghais!an %utaan$

ah!an miliaran dolar untu! mendu!ung !ampan#e mere!a$ eralih !e

pemelian suara$ pa!saan$ !e!erasan$ dan an&aman' Partai Keadilan Demo!rat

2D3P4$ salah satu partai politi! esar di Korea Selatan$ ah!an dila!u!an

dengan pelanggaran er!ampan#e dan pra!te! !orupsi se&ara teru!a dalam

pemilu legislati1 tahun ()**$ me,u%ud!an situasi mara!n#a !orupsi di negara

ini' Orang-orang di Korea Selatan ah!an mengidenti1i!asi ah,a !endala

teresar dari demo!ratisasi Korea Selatan saat itu adalah pra!te! !orupsi para

politisi'

Respon Pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam mengendali!an %enis-%enis pra!te!

!orupsi men%adi eton pada !enai!an Kim Dae 3ung seagai presiden pada

Desemer ())+' Dalam re5imn#a$ strategi anti-!orupsi dirumus!an #ang

memili!i enam !omponen utama dalam menanggapi eragai pen#ea !orupsi

di Korea Selatan' Dalam strategi ini$ eerapa !omponen diper!enal!an untu!

memerangi !orupsi$ #aitu/ (' Pening!atan sistem #ang ada pengendalian !orupsi

dengan men&ipta!an Komite Anti-Korupsi dan agian dari UU Anti-Korupsi$ 6'

Re1ormasi si!ap dan !esadaran PNS dengan menega!!an !ode eti! dan

pendidi!an$ 7' Promosi !esadaran mas#ara!at tentang !orupsi$ 8' Pen&iptaan

ling!ungan sosial dan uda#a mela,an !orupsi melalui penga,asan dan !ontrol

!etat dari mantan pe%aat pemerintah$ mening!at!an transparansi industris,asta$ dan mengi!is !olusi antara politisi$ pe%aat pemerintah$ dan pengusaha$

9' Dete!si dan hu!uman untu! !orupsi diper!uat dengan mening!at!an

re,ard : sistem perlindungan !epada pelapor$ menga!ti1!an menonton ,arga

dan laporan !orupsi'

Lang!ah-lang!ah #ang diamil oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan tida!

sepenuhn#a memerantas !orupsi di negara mere!a$ namun$ sur;ei #ang

dila!u!an oleh H#undai Penelitian menun%u!!an ah,a ,arga Korea Selatan

optimis tentang pertempuran mela,an !orupsi$ pandangan mere!a pada

!eseriusan !orupsi menurun tahunan !arena upa#a #ang dila!u!an oleh

pemerintah mere!a' Oser;al#$ e!onomi Korea Selatan mening!at setelah

!ampan#e anti-!orupsi pemerintah dilun&ur!an$ memuat Korea Selatan salah

satu pemain teresar dalam pere!onomian Asia'